Iso eliluhlaza
Chlorops pumilionis Bjerk.
oda iDiptera, izimpukane zomndeni weCereal / Chloropidae
Izimpukane zibe ngu-3-4 mm ubude, ziphuzi ngokukhanyayo, zibe nemicu emide emnyama emnyama emuva, unxantathu wamehlo omnyama nebala elingunxantathu ngenhla kwesisekelo sobabili bemilenze. Iqanda limhlophe, liqhakaze, linciphise emikhawulweni yomibili, linomugqa, lizi-0,8 mm ubude. Isiphundu kancane siphuzi, 7 mm ubude. Ukuphela kwangemuva komzimba kuhlangana kancanyana kusuka phezulu, namashubhu amabili amancane. I-cocoon yamanga incane, i-cylindrical, ubude obungu-6-6,5 mm.
Izimpukane zesizukulwane sokuqala ziphuma engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi futhi ngokushesha ziqala ukubeka amaqanda emithanjeni ngamaqabunga kakolweni nebhali, ukumboza izindlebe okusanhlamvu. Izibungu zingena esithweni sangasese seqabunga elingaphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo, impukane ibekela amaqanda angaba ngu-140. Ukwanda kwezibungu kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwesitshalo.
Izimpukane zesizukulwane sesibili zivele ngaphambi kokuvunwa, bese amaqanda ebekwa okusanhlamvu kobusika, ahlala kukho kuze kube sebusika.
Kusatshalaliswe kabanzi engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeCIS, iCaucasus neSiberia.
I-Chlorops pumilionis
Chlorops taeniopus, Wheat-stalk fly
Iso eliluhlaza - inkathazo ebusika nasentwasahlobo kakolweni, rye ebusika, ibhali. Ngezinga eliphansi le-oats. Kusuka otshanini basendle bukhula otshanini bekakolweni abilayo. Izitshalo zefolishi zifaka amabele, i-ryegrass, bristle, amabele ase-Italy. Ukuthuthuka kuqediwe. Ukuzala kabusha izilimi ezimbili. Ngokuya ngendawo yendawo yokuhlala, izizukulwane ezi-2 kuya kwezintathu zikhula ngesikhathi sokukhula. Izibungu hibernates.
Chofoza esithombeni ukwandisa
Imivimbo engu-100 yenethi kavemvane
I-Morphology
I-Imago. Fly 2 - 5 mm. Umbala oyinhloko womphuzi. Ngasemuva kunemivimbo emithathu yobude obude, ezinhlangothini zazo - ezimbili mncane. Ngemuva kwekhanda noxantathu wamehlo kumnyama. Izimpondo zimnyama. Amehlo ezimpukane eziphilayo aluhlaza okotshani. Imilenze iphuzi ngokufakwa okumbala komnyama kwama-forelegs nama-paws. Izimpiko zimpunga ngombala wohlanga.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Abantu bobungqingili bahlukile ekwakhekeni kwezitho zangasese. Ukwakheka kwesitho sangasese sowesilisa nowesifazane kusetshenziselwa ukunquma kahle izinhlobo.
Izici zobulili zesibili:
Owesifazane. Isisu sishwabene.
Owesilisa. Isisu sifushane kunaleso sowesifazane, esingunxantathu.
Iqanda okumhlophe okwe-milky. Ingaphezulu limbozwe ngobude. Ubude 0,2 - 1 mm.
ULerva ubude 6 - 9 mm, umbala we-integument umhlophe ngethephu ephuzi. Isiphelo sangaphambili somzimba sikhonjwa. Ama-mandibles abunjwe ngesikela, phakathi komphetho wangaphakathi kukhona izinyo elilodwa. Emaphethelweni angasemuva womzimba we-larva, kukhona ama-tubercles amabili aqondile. Ukuma kwesiphetho esingaphandle kuncishisiwe.
Idoli. I-puparium i-cylindrical, ubude obuyi-5-7 mm, onsundu okhanyayo noma ophuzi.
I-Phenology of development (ngezinsuku)
Intuthuko
I-Imago. Indiza yezimpukane zesizukulwane sokuqala ibonwa ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi - Juni. Izimonyo zesizukulwane sokuqala zindiza namaqanda avuthiwe emaqanda. Isikhathi sokuphila kwabantu abadala siyizinsuku eziyi-15 kuye kwezingu-20.
Isikhathi sokuhlanganisa. Isizukulwane sokuqala sezimpukane sibeka amaqanda ezinhlamvu ngaphambi kokukhanda, ohlangothini olungaphezulu noluphansi lwamaqabunga kushiya esisodwa ngasikhathi, esingaphansi kwesesibili. Imifanekiso yesizukulwane sesibili ibekela amaqanda okusanhlamvu wasebusika kanye notshani bukakolweni. Ukuzala kufinyelela kumaqanda ayi-150.
Iqanda. Umbungu ukhula ngezinsuku eziyi-11 ukuya kwezi-13.
ULerva gnaws anemifino ngemuva kwesiqu sangasese sowesifazane seqabunga elingaphezulu, kaningi emathinini endlebe. Isizukulwane sokuqala sidla ngokuqala kwendlebe nezicubu zesiga nezindlebe, kuye ngezinga lokukhula kwesitshalo. Ubusika bezibungu zesizukulwane sesibili ebusika bamahlumela wezitshalo neziqu zemifino yasendle noma amahlumela okusanhlamvu kwasebusika. Isikhathi sokukhula kwe-larval yizinsuku ezingama-21 - 42.
Idoli. Izibungu zesizukulwane sokuqala nesesibili sezinyamazane ngeziqu. Isikhathi sokukhula kwezingane ezinsukwini eziyi-15- 35.
I-Imago. Izimpukane zesibili (isizukulwane sasehlobo) zindiza ngoJulayi. Iminyaka yabo ihlala kuze kube uSepthemba- Okthoba. Lesi sizukulwane besisesimweni sokuqunjelwa ingqondo isikhathi eside. Okwesibili izizukulwane zezinsikazi ziphuma ezinhlafunweni ezinama-ovary angakakhanyi. I-imaggan diapusing ihlala kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti - Septhemba. Kubangelwa amazinga okushisa aphakeme, aze afike ku- + 25 ° C - + 26 ° C, ngesikhathi sokukhula kwengqondo.
Izici Zokuthuthuka. Ngesikhathi sokukhula, kuvame ukukhula izizukulwane ezimbili, eningizimu yeYurophu (e-Italy) - izizukulwane ezintathu.
Izinhlobo yi-hygrophilic, ngokulinganisa thermophilic. Izimo zokuthuthuka ezithandekayo: izinga lokushisa + 16 ° C - + 25 ° C, umswakama ohlobene 75 - 100%. Isifunda esihle sazo zonke izigaba zokuthuthuka kwesizukulwane sokuqala sisezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kunasesizukulwaneni sesibili.
Izinhlobo zezomvelo eziseduze
Ngokusho kwe-morphology (isakhiwo sangaphandle) somuntu omdala, ama-Chlorops planifrons asondelene nezinhlobo ezichaziwe.
Kuhlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi i-postutellum (ukwakheka kwesakhiwo esiyindilinga phakathi kwes scutellum nesisu) ipollinised cishe ngokulinganayo, izindawo ezicwebezelayo, uma zikhona, azenzi umugqa obanzi wendlela. I-Ovipositor cerci imincane, iphakeme kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezichaziwe, i-Chlorops calceata neChlorops serena zitholakala kaningi, ezifanayo futhi kwi-morphology neGreen-eyed (Chlorops pumilionis).
I-Malware
Iso eliluhlaza - inkathazo eyingozi yama-rye ebusika, ibhali, ubusika kanye nekolweni kwentwasahlobo. Izibungu eziyingozi. Isiqu esonakaliswe yisihlava asisho ukuthi ukukhula kwaso kuyabambezeleka. Isizukulwane sesibili sihlukumeza izithombo zobusika nezinhlamvu zasendle. Ukukhula kwezitshalo ezilimele kubambezeleka kakhulu, ukukhiqiza kwehla cishe kabili.
Umkhawulo wobunzima bezomnotho kunqunywa ekuqaleni kokuhlunga futhi kusungulwa lapho kutholwa izimpukane ezingama-40-50 ngemivimbo engu-100 ngenethi kavemvane noma nge-10% yeziqu ezilimele.
Ukuvela kwamehlo aluhlaza
Ekugcineni, lezi zimpukane zifinyelela kumamilimitha angama-3-5.
Umbala womzimba we-green-eye uphuzi okhanyayo, kanti emuva kunemivimbo emithathu emide. Unxantathu omnyama uhlobisa ikhanda. Amehlo aluhlaza okotshani, amalunga amnyama.
Isinkwa esiluhlaza okotshani (i-Chlorops pumilionis).
Amaqanda anamehlo aluhlaza anesimo sokuphakama kwendilinga. Olunye uhlangothi lubonisa okungaphezulu. Ubude beqanda bungamamitha ayi-1.
Ubude bomzimba we-larva bungamamilimitha ayi-7. Umbala womzimba uphuzi. Izibungu azisebenzi, zinemivimbo ebukhali eyenziwe crescent phakathi nendawo ngezinyo.
I-cocoon yamanga isocylindrical ngesimo, cishe ngamamilimitha ayi-6 ubude, ibphuzi ngombala okhanyayo.
Amehlo aluhlaza asabalele kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Ububanzi nendawo yokuhlala i-green-eye
Lezi zimpukane zivamile eNtshonalanga Yurophu: eNgilandi, eSweden, eCzechoslovakia, e-Austria, eFinland. Futhi, amehlo aluhlaza ahlala cishe kuyo yonke insimu yezwe lethu ukusuka eCrimea kuya eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude.
Bathanda izindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu. Ezindaweni ezomile ezingama-steppe, amehlo aluhlaza awandile, ngakho-ke awenzi umonakalo omkhulu ezitshalweni.
Ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophakeme, amehlo aluhlaza azizwa ekhululekile kunasesimweni sezulu esomile.
Ukulawulwa kwenombolo yamehlo aluhlaza
Ngokuphaka okwanele kanye nezimo zezulu ezifanele, lezi zimpukane zingazala ngamanani amakhulu. Izimo zesimo sezulu zingumkhawulo wemvelo wezinombolo zalezi zinambuzane. Esimweni sezulu esomile, emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-30 degrees kanye nomswakama ongu-25-30%, inani elikhulu lezibungu, amaqanda ne-pupae liyafa.
Izibungu ezinamehlo aluhlaza kanye ne-pupae zizwela umswakama.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibalo samehlo aluhlaza silawulwa izinambuzane ezinama-parmenic hymenopteran. Izibungu zama-parasites Coelinius niger Nees ne-Stenomalus micaris zidla kancane izibungu ezihlaza okotshani ziphila. I-parasite eyakhekile yephula iwindi le-pseudo-iwindi, igaya isiqu sikakolweni bese siphuma. Njengomthetho, izimuncagazi ziyandiza ukuphuma kwesikhashana kunezihlahla eziluhlaza okwezinsuku eziyi-15.
Ezinkathini zemvula, inani elikhulu le-pupae nezibungu libulawa yizifo ezibangelwa amagciwane kanye nesikhunta.
Ukulimala Kwamehlo Oluhlaza
Izibungu zalezi zimpukane zidala izinhlobo ezimbili zomonakalo. Zitholakala ekwindla ngeziqu ze-rye nekolweni futhi zidla ngezicubu zazo. Umphumela onjalo uholela ekuqineni kwesiqu, bese amaqabunga enwebeka futhi abe ngumbala. Ebusika, njengomthetho, lezi ziqu ziyafa.
Amehlo aluhlaza alimaza izinhlwayi zikakolweni, lesi sitshalo siba semathubeni amaningi esifo futhi sifa.
Ehlobo nasekwindla, Amehlo aluhlaza alimaza ubumba lukakolweni ebusika. Izibungu zenza i-groove esiqwini iye endaweni yokuqala, ngenxa yalokho, izicubu zesakhi sesikebhe ziyachithwa bese ziqala ukukhula kancane, futhi ingxenye engenhla iba mkhulu. Izicubu zezindlebe ziqhamuka, okuholela ekunciphiseni kwesivuno sokusanhlamvu. Ukuvuna kungancipha ngo-32-42%.
Esikhunjini esilimele, okusanhlamvu kusuleleka kalula ngesikhunta namagciwane - i-alparsha ne-fusarium.
Ubungako bokulimala okwenziwe ukulimala okwenziwe ngamehlo aluhlaza ngeminyaka ehlukene kungahluka, kungahle kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-74%.
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