Kunezindawo ezingaphansi kwezingu-15 zezinyosi, futhi abamele umndeni ohlonishwayo bahlala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba: eYurophu, eMorocco, eChina, empumalanga naseningizimu ye-Asia, Australia nakwezinye izindawo. I-Wapiti deer Ingabe igama elijwayelekile lokubhaliswa kwalezi zilwane eNyakatho Melika.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
Omdabu baseCanada nabaseMelika basho kanjalo isilwane wapiti igama lesiNgisi elithi "elk" eYurophu lisho i-moose. Ukudideka okuthile emagameni kubangelwa iqiniso lokuthi amasayizi amakhulu ahlukanisa kokubili inyamazane ebomvu ne-elk. Kunamaphutha ekuhunyushweni kombhalo.
Yini izici wapiti? ENyakatho Melika, ezifundeni eziyisithupha, ezimbili zithathwa njengezidlulile, ezinye zitholakala ezifundazweni ezahlukahlukene zase-USA nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasezindaweni zamahlathi eCanada.
Zonke zihlukaniswa izimpondo ezinkulu ezihlotshisiwe, zakha umqhele omuhle kakhulu. Ukwahluka kwezinhlobo ezincane: izinyamazane ezinkulu zihlala eCanada yaseManitoba, nezincane eziseningizimu yeCalifornia eseningizimu. Naphezu "kokuqina komqhele", izilwane zinomusa futhi ziyaziqhenya. Umqondo wenyamazane ebomvu ubonakala ngokubonakala kwabo okujwayelekile.
Igama lezinhlobo eChina lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ngobuningi", ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kwe-wapiti kubantu sekuyisikhathi eside kulungisiwe. I-Deer yayizingelwa ngenxa yenyama, izikhumba, izimpondo, ngakho-ke inani labo lancishiswa kakhulu, ama-subspecies amaningi anyamalala ngenxa yokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala. Yize ekuzingelweni kwamanje kwabo kungavunyelwe futhi iningi lezindawo zabo seligcinwe futhi lipaki, lesi silwane sibhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu ngenxa yokusongela ukuqothulwa.
I-Wapiti deer ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5 ukuphakama, usayizi ofanayo ngobude bomzimba. Ubungako bukhuphuka ngenxa yezimpondo ebangeni elingafinyelela ku-2 m futhi nezinqubo eziningi nokugoba kwezinhlamvu, isisindo sazo sifinyelela ku-16 kg. Ukuphonsa uphondo kwenzeka minyaka yonke ebusika, bese bekhula babuye.
Isisindo sesilisa esikhulu singama-300-400 kg. Insikazi inesisindo esingaphansi futhi ayinazimpondo. Umbala wejazi uyi-grey-yellow hue, uphenduka waba nsundu ngombala entanyeni, esiswini nasemilenzeni.
Ukukhula okuncane kunamabala, kepha ngentuthuko yesilwane, ijazi lithola amathoni. Izinyamazane ezinhle zihlukaniswa “yisibuko”, indawo enkulu emhlophe ophuzi ngaphansi komsila. Lokhu kusiza izilwane ukutholana emahlathini asehlathini kude.
Izindawo ezithandekayo ze-wapiti deer kukhona amahlathi asezintabeni, ama-sparse nokushintshana ngezigodi ezivulekile ezicebile ngama-forbs. I-Forest-steppe ene-shrubbery kanye notshani obukhulu obukhulu obukhulu budonsa izilwane ngokudla okumnandi.
Umlingisi weWapiti nendlela yakhe yokuphila
AmaWaviti ahlala emihlanjini emincane, abaholi bawo abangabesifazane asebekhulile. Abesilisa baphila impilo yabo kuze kufike isikhathi sokuzala. Umsebenzi we-Deer ubonakaliswa kusihlwa nobusuku. Abalithandi ilanga, ntambama kuphela lapho kunezihlambi ezinamafu kuphela. I-Wapiti cishe sonke isikhathi ibandakanyeka ekufuneni ukudla emadlelweni nakumakhompiyutha.
Abesilisa nabesifazane bahlukaniswa, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela, okuqala ekuqaleni kwekwindla, ngoSepthemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa kufanele bakhombise amandla namandla omholi futhi balinganise amandla abo nabanye abafaka izicelo. IGon ibonakala emapaki ezwe lonke laseMelika.
Izwi lokubiza lowesilisa ocilongo likhala futhi liphansi, cishe njalo liphela ngokukhala noma ukubhonga. Ukumemeza kwe-wapithi kuyabhoboza, kwesinye isikhathi kufana nesikhafu. Imisindo ekhishwe iye yaba yindaba yocwaningo olwenziwe ngabachwepheshe abathole ukuthi ilungiselelo elikhethekile larynx livumela umoya ukuba uphume ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene.
Ukudlidliza kuvela ngenxa yokuhamba kwamakhaleni lapho kudlula khona ukugeleza komoya. Imisindo esezingeni eliphakeme izalwa kusuka ekuhambeni ngokuhamba kwe-glottis. Isakhiwo esifanayo sombala usondeza inyamazane ebomvu eduze kwezinyamazane ezihlobene.
Ukumemeza okumangazayo kukhumbuza abalingiswa befilimu ethi "Lord of the Rings" - i-Nazigul. Ama-Wapiti deer awazi nokuthi angazethusa kanjani izivakashi eziya kumapaki ezwe, afonela izihlobo.
Ukuthembeka ku-Deer akukhona, ophumelela i-duel uthola wonke amalungelo kwabesifazane bezinkomo. Kuhlala kuze kubanda, kuze kube yilapho ukukhathala nokukhathala kuthatha isikhathi sabo. Izinsikazi ezikhulelwe ziyaqaphela, futhi emadlelweni anikeza abesilisa, abathola amandla ebusika.
Ukudla kwe-Wapiti
Ukudla kwenyamazane kuqukethe imfoloko, amahlumela ezitshalo, amahlamvu kanye namaqabunga, izithelo eziwile, ama-acorn kanye namantongomane. Amajikijolo avuthiwe aba ikhambi kuma-artiodactyls. Esikhathini sasebusika esilambile, ama-wapiti adla amagxolo ezihlahla ngisho nezinaliti ngezikhathi ezithile.
Izidlakudla zidla kakhulu, ngakho-ke iminonjana yokudla kwayo ibonakala njalo: utshani bunyathelwa, amakhishi amasha ayabulawa. Ukufuna ukudla kwenza imihlambi yezinyamazane ihlale izulazula. Ebusika, izilwane ziya ehlathini futhi ukuthola iminonjana yokuhlala kwazo nakho akunzima: zizokwamukela iqhwa ngemisuka yezindawo zokuhlala, amagxolo ezihlahla azungezile ayavinjwa.
Ngasogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi, inzalo yezinyamazane iboshelwa olwandle olugezwe ogwini. Kwenzeka ukuthi ngemuva kwalezi zilwane zigibela emanzini zize zishone ziye kumuntu obedlula u-5 m ukuthola ukwelashwa. Izinyamazane ezincane zingamafutha kamama okokuqala nobisi obukhulu izinyanga ezingafika kwezingu-9.
Kepha, kancane kancane, belingisa indlela aziphatha ngayo, bazama izimbali zokuqala namakhambi amasha anamanzi. Amadlelo ahlinzeka ukukhula okusheshayo kwezilwane ezisencane - 1-2 kg ngosuku! Lapho-ke izinyamazane ezikhulile zizinqumela ngokwazo ukuthi zingangena kanjani endaweni ebanzi. I-Wapiti inephunga elihle.
Ukuzalaniswa kweWapiti nokuphila isikhathi eside
UDerer uvuthwa ngocansi ngeminyaka engu-1.5-2. Kepha umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa ukuthi abavunyelwe ukujaha iminyaka emithathu kuya kwewu-6. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele bakhombise ukuthi bakhule beqinile, bephilile futhi beqinile ekutholeni inzalo, ukuzala.
Ukuthola amandla, izinyamazane ezincane ziyasebenza futhi zikhale ngamalungelo azo. Izwi labesilisa lizwakala ngamakhilomitha angama-5- 10. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, izilwane zinolaka futhi zilungele ukubamba wonke umuntu, zingamhlasela umuntu.
Ukuziphatha kwabo okujwayelekile kushintsha: baphuza kakhulu, banciphise isisindo, baphuke amagatsha bese behlikihla izihlahla, bashaya inhlabathi ngezinselo zabo futhi bakhombisa amandla anqwabelanayo. Izimpi zabaphikisi azenzeki njalo, kepha uma kukhulunywa ngokulwa, izilwane zilwela ukukhathala kuze kube sekupheleni. Kwakunezikhathi lapho izimbangi zazo zazishade khona ngezimpondo kangangokuba zazingakwazi ukuhlakazeka futhi bobabili babulawa yindlala.
Ukuvela kokuqala kuvela kowesifazane ngeminyaka emithathu. Unina umfihla emahlathini otshani kwizinyamazane ngenkathi edla eduzane. Ngemuva kwesonto, ingane iqala ukuhola okokuqala ngqa kunina futhi kancane kancane ifunde konke ngokulingisa.
Phila wapiti endle kuze kube yiminyaka engama-20, nakwizindawo ezigcinwe ezitolo - kuze kube yiminyaka engama-30. Izinyamazane ezibomvu zeWapiti zithathwa njengezilwane ezingenabungozi kakhulu nezinomusa, naphezu kosayizi bazo abakhulu nezimpondo ezigqinsiwe. Ubuhle nomusa kubenza umcebo wezwe.
I-Deer: incazelo, isakhiwo, izici. Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inyamazane?
I-Deer ingeyama-chordate, izilwane ezincelisayo ze-artiodactyl, umndeni wezinyamazane (inyamazane). Igama lethu lalesi silwane “inyamazane” livela “kwidiya” lasendulo laseSlavic, njengoba okhokho bethu babebiza lesi silwane esimncanyana.
Ubukhulu bonyamazane buyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwayo, ngokwesibonelo, ukukhula komhlanga omkhulu kusuka kumamitha angama-0.8 kuya kwayi-1.5, ubude bomzimba bu-2 amamitha anesisindo esingama-200 kg. Ngenkathi inyamazana elincane eliqanjiwe lingamamitha ayi-1 nje ubude futhi linesisindo esingaphezu kwama-50 kg.
Umzimba omncane kakhulu unesidleke esihle, unesakhiwo esilinganayo, intamo ende, nekhanda eliphakeme kancane.
Amehlo enyamazane anombala ophuzi-onsundu ngombala, amagreyimu ajulile we-lacrimal atholakala eduzane.
Ezinye izinyamazane zingaqhosha ngemilenze emincane emincane, kanti ezinye zimfushane, kodwa zonke ngaphandle kwodwayi zinemisipha yomlenze eyenziwe kahle, esebenza njengezindlela zokusinda kuzo. Impela, akusizi ngalutho ukuthi ungomunye wezilwane ezingamashumi amabili ezisheshayo emhlabeni, ijubane lomhlanya obalekela inyamazane lingafinyelela kumakhilomitha angama-55 ngehora.
Amazinyo kaDerer ayizinkomba ezicacile zeminyaka yakhe, ngokuya ngezinga lokugqokwa nokuklebhula (ukugaya imfashini nezinto ezifakayo) isazi sezilwane esihle sizokwazi ukubona ukuthi simdala kangakanani.
Isikhumba se-Deer simbozwe ngoboya, okungaba mncane kokubili ehlobo kanye nokushisa obukhulu ebusika. Umbala wengubo yenyamazane uvame ukuba nsundu, onsundu, mpunga noma ubomvu.
Izimpondo zezinyamazane
Izimpondo zesigxoba sodwayi zifanelwe kukhulunywa ngokukhethekile, ngoba lokhu kungumhlobiso obonakalayo kakhulu walesi silwane, esinazo zonke izinhlobo zenyamazane (ngaphandle kwenyosi engenazimpondo) nabesilisa kuphela. Izinsikazi azinazo izilwanyana zasendle, kepha futhi, ngaphandle kwama-reindeer, anamaduna nabesilisa (yize izinsikazi zohlobo lwe-reindeer zinezimpondo eziphindwe kaningi kunabesilisa).
Iqiniso elikhangayo: izinhlobo eziningi zenyamazane zilahla izimpondo zazo ezindala cishe kanye ngonyaka, futhi ezintsha ziqala ukukhula endaweni yazo. Izimpondo zama-Deer zenziwa i-cartilage, bese zigcwala izicubu zamathambo, izinga lokukhula kwazo kuncike kakhulu ekudleni kwama-deer, lapho zigcwaliseka ngokwengeziwe, lapho izilobe zikhula ngokushesha.
Izisebenzi ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezindawo ezilinganayo azivamile ukukhipha izimpondo zazo (cishe kanye njalo eminyakeni eminingana) noma ungazichithi nhlobo.
Abaphikisi bezinyamazane bakhonza, okubandakanya ukuzivikela, kanye nokuhlaselwa. Ungase ubuze, kungani ukuhlasela inyamazane enokuthula herbivorous? Eqinisweni, abesilisa bezinyamazane bavame ukuba nombukiso nomunye ngenxa yowesifazane, lapho bekhipha izimpondo zabo ngentshiseko, insikazi ithola ophumelele ngezimpondo eziqine kakhulu. UReindeer futhi usebenzisa izimpondo zeqhwa ukumba ama-reindeer ukuze afike kwi-reindeer moss, okuyi-lichen esebenza njengokudla akuthandayo.
Kuhlala kuphi amaxhama?
Njengoba izinyamazane zingazethembi izindawo zazo zokuhlala futhi zizizwa zikhululekile, emathafeni nasezintabeni, zombili e-tundra ebandayo nakwibhande le-equatorial, zingatholakala ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni wethu. UDerer uhlala emazweni amaningi e-Europe nase-Asia (kufaka phakathi i-Ukraine), iNyakatho kanye neNingizimu Melika, kunezinyamazane ezihlala e-Afrika, e-Australia naseNew Zealand.
Ngabe kudlani inyamazane?
Njengoba inyamazane isilwane esidla ubhedu, ukudla kwayo kuncike ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona inyamazane, noma kunalokho, kuhlaza lwalezo zindawo. Izinyamazane eziningi zidla amaqabunga, amahlumela amasha ezihlahla, utshani, amagatsha ezihlahla zokubhula izihlahla, namagxolo ezihlahla, okusebenza njengengxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwazo. Inyamazane ngeke yenqabe ukujabulela izithelo ezivuthiwe zama-apula, ithini lamapheya, amajikijolo ahlukahlukene. Ama-Reindeers ahlala e-tundra ayakuthanda ukudla ama-moss, okuyinto ayikhipha ngaphansi kweqhwa ngezimpondo zayo ezigatsha.
Izitha zenyamazane
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izimpisi namabhere ayisitha esiyingozi sezinyamazane, lapho inyamazane zivame ukuphatha khona ukubalekela ngosizo lwemilenze yazo yemisipha. Noma kunjalo, iphakethe lezimpisi, ikakhulukazi lisebenza ngendlela ehlelekile, lingashayela kalula inyamazane endala noma egulayo. Futhi isitha esiyingozi sezinyamazane singumzingeli ongumuntu, ebulala lesi silo esimangalisayo ngezimpondo, ezibe zilenga ngendlela yomdwebo wokuzingela kwenye indawo eduze kwendawo yomlilo.
Indlela yokuphila yama-deer
AmaDeer ayizilwane eziyimizimba ezihlala emhlanjini omncane wabantu abayi-10-30. Ehlobo, bakhetha ukuhlala emahlathini, lapho inqwaba yezihlahla notshani obukhulu busebenza njengemenyu enhle kakhulu. Ebusika, bazama ukuzulazula emaqubeni angenakungeneka, ngoba kulapho kukhona khona okuncane okushiswa iqhwa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kunenqwaba yokudla ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa esincane.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwenyamazane ne-elk
Yize ama-elk kanye nezinyamazane eyizihlobo ezisondelene futhi kwesinye isikhathi ama-moose abizwa ngephutha abizwa ngokuthi inyamazane enkulu kunazo zonke, kunomehluko omkhulu phakathi kwawo:
- Umehluko wokuqala usesimweni sophondo; ku-moose, izimpondo zikhula zibheke phezulu komhlaba, futhi futhi zinamagatsha abanzi afana nefosholo. Izimpondo zenyathi zihlala ziphakanyiswa.
- I-elk inkulu kakhulu kunethokazi, isisindo sayo singafinyelela kuma-655 kg, kuyilapho isisindo sozidi olukhulu kakhulu singeqi kuma-350 kg.
- Imilenze ye-elk yinde futhi incane kunalendluzane.
- Ngokungafani nezinyamazane, ama-moose awalokothi ahlangane emhlanjini, akhethe impilo yodwa, nenani eliphakeme lababili abesilisa + besifazane.
Ngakwesobunxele kukhona inyamazane, ngakwesokunxele kukhona i-elk.
I-Deer: incazelo nesithombe. Ngabe sibukeka kanjani isilwane?
Amasayizi abamele abomndeni ahlukile kakhulu. Ukukhula komhlanga kusuka ku-0.8 kuya ku-1.5 metres, ubude bomzimba bu-2 metres, futhi isisindo se-deer cishe i-200 kg. Inyamazana elincane elikhanyiselwe kancane lifinyelela kumitha eli-1 ubude ubude futhi lingenasisindo esingaphezu kwama-50 kg.
Umzimba omncane kakhulu uhlukaniswa yinyamazane ebomvu, enokwakhiwa okulinganayo, intamo ende kanye nekhanda elincane, eliphakeme. Amehlo enyamazane anombala ophuzi, anemibala ejulile ye-lacrimal etholakala eduzane. Ibunzi elibanzi kancane liyakhonkotha.
Ezinye izinhlobo zenyamazane zinemilenze emincane, emilenzi enhle, ezinye ezinemilenze emifushane, kepha zihlanganiswe yisisu esakhiwe kahle emilenzeni kanye nokuba khona kweminwe kusabalale ngasohlangothini, kuxhunywe ngumbungu.
Amazinyo kaDerer ayinkomba enhle yobudala bakhe. Ngokuya ngezinga lokugaywa kwama-fangs kanye nama-incisors, i-curvature kanye ne-angle of inclination, uchwepheshe anganquma ngokunembile ubudala bezinyoka.
Zonke izinhlobo zezidalwa, ngaphandle kwezidalwa zamanzi ezingenazimpondo, zihlukaniswa izimpondo ezinamagatsha anamanzi (abizwa ngokuthi ama-antlers), futhi ngabesilisa kuphela abahlukile ekwakhekeni kwamathambo.
I-Reindeer iyona kuphela izinhlobo zezinyamazane lapho izinsikazi, kanye nabesilisa, zinezimpondo, kodwa ezincane kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zezinyamazane ezinomsindo opholile ziphonsa izimpondo zazo minyaka yonke. Endaweni yazo, intsha iqala ukukhula ngokushesha, okubandakanya kuqala i-cartilage, bese ikhula ngezicubu zamathambo. Izimpondo ze-Deer zikhula ngokuya ngokudla kwazo: i-denser the feed, the ngokushesha izimpondo zikhula. Izinyamazane ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo azilahli izimpondo zazo iminyaka, futhi izakhamizi zebhande elilinganayo azilahli nhlobo.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezimpondo zezinyamazane ukuvikela nokuhlasela, futhi amathuba owesilisa othile wesilisa ukuba abe ngumnqobi ku-duel for deer yensikazi kuya ngamandla abo. Ama-Reindeers asebenzisa izimpondo njengethuluzi, ekumba iqhwa ukuze afike kwi-reindeer moss. Izimpondo ezishisayo zozimele besilisa ovuthiwe ziyi-120 cm.
UDerer uphonsa izimpondo
Futhi lesi zinyamazane sikhule izimpondo zokwethena
Isikhumba sonyamazane simbozwe ngoboya, buthambile futhi bufushane ehlobo, futhi ebusika bube isikhathi eside futhi bube bukhulu.
Umbala woboya bezinyoni uncike ezinhlotsheni futhi ungaba brown, brown brown, brown brown, brownish, grey, red, clear, amabala nezimpawu.
UDeser isilwane esiphakathi kwamashumi amabili ashesha kakhulu.
Ijubane lokuhluma okubalekela ukujaha lingafinyelela ku-50-55 km / h.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwenyamazane nengulube yensimbi
I-Roe deer, nayo eyingxenye yomndeni wezinyamazane, yehlukile kulokhu kwamuva ngezindlela eziningi:
- Izimpondo zeRoe azinamagatsha, njengezinyamazane.
- AmaRoe deers, ngokungafani nezinyamazane, awasoze adla amagxolo ezihlahla, ngaphandle kwalokho ukudla kwawo kufana kakhulu.
- Kunomehluko ekunikezelweni kwezingane, uma izinyamazane zesifazane zondla amawundlu azo lapho emi, inyamazane yenyama ilala phansi.
Izinyamazane ezingakwesokunxele, inyamazane engakwesokudla
Inyamazane ebomvu
Izici zokubonakala:
- Isisindo - 250 kg
- Ukuphakama - kuze kube ngu-230 cm
- Uphondo ngalunye lunezinqubo ezi-8 eziphezulu.
- Ehlobo, umbala woboya ubomvu onsundu, ebusika - grey isiliva.
Indawo yokuhlala yiMpumalanga Ekude, iTransbaikalia, i-Altai, Korea neNyakatho China.
Ukubukeka
Ukubhaliswa kwenyosi ebomvu kungosayizi abahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, inyamazane enkulu ngokwanele ne-wapiti enesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu angama-300 futhi ifinyelela ubude bomzimba ongaphezu kuka-2,5 m ubude ekushwabeni okuyi-130-160 cm, kanti inyamazane encane yaseBukhara inesisindo esingaphansi kuka-100 kg futhi inobude bomzimba obungu-175-190 cm. ukuma kwezimpondo. Isibonelo, inyamazane yaseYurophu inenqwaba yezinqubo, futhi izinyamazane azinaso umqhele, kepha uphondo uqobo lwalo lukhulu kakhulu futhi lunikeza izinqubo ezingama-6-7.
Indlela yokuphila. Umsoco
UDeser uphila impilo yokuhlala phansi noma yokuma. Labo abahlala ezindaweni ezisezindaweni eziphansi bahlala endaweni engamahektha angama-400, kungabi ngaphansi futhi bangaze bazulazule. Bahlala banokwanele konke, ukudla nezindawo zokuhlala. Kulabo abahlala ezintabeni, indawo eyodwa ayifanele.
Isithombe esihle
Minyaka yonke benza izindlela zokuwela amabanga amade (amakhilomitha angama-50-150) ukuze bathole izindawo ezinokudla okuningi nendawo yokuhlala enethezekile (iqhwa elingaphansi). Izinguquko zenzeka ebusika, futhi ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, eduze noMeyi, lapho lonke iqhwa selincibilikile futhi konke sekuqhakaza, izinyamazane zibuyele ezintabeni, ezindaweni zazo zangaphambili.
Imvamisa baphumula emaphethelweni noma emthunzini, kuya ngokuthi yisiphi isizini. Uma kushisa kakhulu, bangakhuphukela emanzini bayoba kabusha bese bepholisa kancane. Futhi ebusika, ukuze bahlele indawo eseceleni yokulala nokuphumula, babheka okuncane futhi baphakamise iqhwa, bakha uhlobo lomgodi nge-canopy encane. "Amadokodo" anjalo avumela ukuthi ucashe kumakhaza, umoya kanye nesithwathwa.
Imihlambi impilo yabo yonke ihlangana noma ihlukane. Ekuqaleni, insikazi ihola umhlambi omncane, ohlanganisa inzalo yakhe. Ngemuva kokuba sehlukane, umhlambi onjalo ubutha kamuva endaweni yezichitho nowesilisa. Ngemuva kokuzalela, izilwane ezincane kanye nezinye izizukulwane zezinsikazi zingajoyina iqembu. Ubungako bezinkomo bungasukela ku-6 kuye ku-30 noma ngaphezulu kwezinjongo.
Ama-red deer adla ikakhulukazi otshanini. Ebusika, amaqabunga awile, izinaliti, amagxolo nembewu yezihlahla ezahlukahlukene nezihlahla kufanelekile. Ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla usawoti, abawuthola kumalambu kasawoti nasemhlabeni.
Ukubaluleka komnotho kwenyamazane ebomvu
Isikhathi eside inyamazane ebomvu ithole isihloko se-trophy yokuzingela ethandwa kakhulu. Ukususwa kwendlu yezinyamazana nakho kuvame ngezizathu eziningi.
Ukudla inyama ebomvu yenyamazane kunezindawo zokupholisa. Inani lamandla e-venison liyi-155 Kcal ngamagremu ayi-100, empeleni ayinawo amanoni. Kunamavithamini namaminerali amaningi enyameni yezinyamazane. Odokotela batusa ukuthi kufakwe i-venison ekudleni ngenxa yokusweleka kwe-Vitamin kanye ne-metabolism emibi. Inyama ayithinti kabi uhlelo lwenhliziyo futhi ilithonya lomsebenzi wobuchopho. IVithamini B1 (thiamine), etholakala ngamanani amakhulu e-venison, yehlisa imiphumela emibi kagwayi notshwala empilweni yabantu.
Igazi lemashi lingabuyisela amandla abantu futhi libambezele ukuguga. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ama-shamans bebelokhu besebenzisa le mpahla eyisimangaliso, baphoqa abantu ukuthi baphuze igazi lenyamazane entsha. Izakhamizi zase-Altai naseNyakatho zisakusebenzisa lokhu kwelashwa ngenkathi kusikwa abahamba ngezinyawo. Ukusetshenziswa kwegazi lesilwane emzimbeni womuntu kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi. Inezinto eziningi ezilusizo. Eminye imishanguzo yenziwa ngegazi lezinkukhu.
Izindondo zasemanzini nazo ziyasetshenziswa kwezokwelapha. Zisetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuba zixakwe. Inyanga eyodwa ebomvu inganikela ngamabhawuni ayishumi nanhlanu ezinkuku zonke impilo yayo yonke kusukela kusukela eminyakeni emibili. Izimpondo zinqunywa nge-grinder noma nge-hacksaw, indawo yokusikwa icutshungulwa indlela ye-cauterization.
Le nqubo, ayimnandi ngonyamazane, ayinayo imiphumela emibi. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, izimpondo zikhula emuva.
Ngokwesisekelo sokufakwa kwezilwandle ze-Altai maral, iPantokrin yokulungiselela iyenziwa. Iyatholakala ngesimo samathebhulethi nangesixazululo sotshwala. Ukuqamba kusetshenziselwa umfutho wegazi ophansi, ubuthakathaka bemisipha yenhliziyo nokusebenza ngokweqile. Muva nje, ukugeza okuphulukisayo ngemikhiqizo eyenziwe ngesisekelo sokufakelwa kwabakhubazekile basolwandle sekudumile. Ukusetshenziswa kwezithako zokusetshenziswa kwe-antler ku-cosmetology njenge-ejenti yokuvuselela kanye namafutha okugcoba amanxeba esikhunjeni kusabalele.
Izimpondo zalesi silwane ukuziqhenya kwaso. Inyamazane yodwa kuphela kubo bobabili ubulili engenayo le mfanelo. Izinsikazi zabamele abaningi balezinhlobo nazo azinazo izimpondo. Kodwa-ke, kunezilwane lapho bobabili ubulili benokhula okunamathambo okunjalo. Ngakho-ke, inyamazane ebabazekayo yaseNyakatho Melika kubantu besifazane nayo inezimpondo. Kuphela banokuncane okungaphansi kwabesilisa.
Izinhlobo eziningi ziphonsa izimpondo minyaka yonke. Endaweni yabo, ukukhula okusha kuqala ukukhula. Izimpondo kwinqubo yokuthuthuka kuqala ziqukethe i-cartilage. Ngemuva kwalokho, isisekelo sigcwele amathambo aminyene. Izinga lokukhula lincike ngokuphelele kulokho udliwayiya oludlayo.
I-Deer idinga izimpondo ukwandisa amathuba ayo okuwina lapho ilwa nesitha. Imvamisa balwa phakathi kwabo besifazane. Ama-Reindeer anezimpondo kubo bobabili ubulili. Lezi zilwane zisebenzisa ukukhula kwazo kwamathambo ukuthola ama-reindeer moss ngaphansi kweqhwa.
Ilungu elikhulu lomndeni
Isilwane esikhulu kunazo zonke emndenini wezinyamazane moose (lat Allies allies) Abantu abadala bangafinyelela ku-2.3 wamamitha ukuphakama lapho ibuna futhi inesisindo esingu-655 kg. Ubude bomzimba wesidumbu sowesilisa bungamamitha amathathu. Umzimba omfishane wesilwane uhluka kancane ngemilenze emide ezinsweni ezibanzi.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abamele abomndeni wezinyamazane, isizalo sendlebe sikhulu kakhulu, sinezindebe ezinkulu ezinamanzi. Kungakhathalekile ubulili, ijazi loboya bezilwane lipendiwe ngombala onsundu, futhi isisu nemilenze kukhanya kakhulu kunasemuva nasezinhlangothini. Abaphikisi bomsundu banefomu elithambile ukwedlula abanye abamele uhlobo lohlobo. Ngaleso sizathu i-moose inegama "sukhaty".
AmaMoose ahlala emazweni amaningi eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, uhla luthatha umucu omkhulu ukusuka emngceleni osenyakatho we-tundra uya ezifundeni zehlathi lase-steppe eziseningizimu ye-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika. Zihlala ikakhulu emaxhaphozini angenakunqotshwa noma ezindaweni ezingamaxhaphozi, yize ukudla kungafunwa emaphethelweni amahlathi noma osebeni lomfula. Ukudla kwe-moose kwehlukile futhi kuqukethe ama-forbs, amakhowe, amajikijolo, i-algae, amagatsha ezihlahla kanye nezihlahla ezincane.
Osayizi beHabitat
Inyamazane ebomvu ebomvu
I-red deer ithatha indawo esebusheni kuya ngokuthi ingakanani feed kuyo. Ukudla okuthe xaxa, kuncane okuncane ngosayizi wendawo. Izilwane zimaka izingosi zazo, futhi abantu abavela komunye umhlambi bangabe besawela imingcele, futhi uma ngephutha bangene kuleyo ndawo, baxoshwa ngokushesha abantu abadala abaqinisekisa ukuthi indawo yabo ayitholakali. Kumahektha ayi-1000, umhlambi wezinyoni ezi-4 ungaphila futhi uzondle, futhi mhlawumbe abantu abangama-30, ngokuya ngekhono lokuphaka lendawo.
Izinyamazane ezihlala ezintabeni ziphila impilo emile, ekwindla ziyehla ziye ezansi, ezindaweni ezineqhwa ezintabeni, futhi kusukela entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla ziyenyuka, lapho kunokudla okwanele. Lapho nje iqhwa lokuqala liwa, izinsikazi ezinamathole ziya ezindaweni zobusika, izinsikazi ezimbalwa kamuva zihamba ezinyathelweni zezinsikazi. Lezi zilwane zibhukuda ngokuphelele, ngakho-ke izithiyo ezisesimweni semifula azimbi kangako.
Izinyamazane ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni
Pudu - Inyamazane encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Zimbili kuphela izinhlobo ezihlukaniswa kuhlobo lwePudu: i-south pudu (lat.Pudu pudu) futhi North pudu (lat.Pudu mephistophiles). IPudu iyinyamazane enomzimba omfushane, ubude bayo bungangeqisi ku-90 cm, ukuphakama lapho kubuna kuhluka kusuka kuma-30 kuye kwangama-40 cm, isisindo sonyamazane sisuka kumakhilogremu ayisikhombisa kuya kwayi-10, futhi ubude bezimpondo ezimfishane busuka ku-7 kuye ku-10 cm. Isithunzi -brown, emuva ne-muzzle ngandlela thize kube mnyama, kwesinye isikhathi kucishe kube mnyama.
I-pudu deer ehlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu yeChile, i-Ecuador nePeru. Izinyamazane ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni zidla ngamahlamvu kanye namagatsha amasha ezihlahlana nezihlahla eziphansi. Akazakhi imihlambi emikhulu, akhethe ukuhlala yedwa, isikhathi esiningi ngababili.
Umhlambi wezinyamazane ezibomvu uqukethe abantu abangama-3-6, kwesinye isikhathi isibalo sabo siyanda. Umhlambi uqukethe insikazi endala kanye namawundlu ayo eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Umjaho uqala ngoSepthemba ugijimela uNovemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bahlela izintokazi ezisuka kwinani elithile labesifazane, inani labo lingasukela kwababili kuya kwamashumi amabili. Ngezinye izikhathi, abesilisa bahlala ngokwehlukana. Ukubhonga kwezihlakala kungazwakala isikhathi esingangenyanga, kusakazeka kude kakhulu, ngamakhilomitha ambalwa. Izwi lesengezi eligugayo lifaka imisindo ehlukahlukene, ukusuka ekushayweni ngamandla kuya kokuphansi nokuhlala isikhathi eside, okusikhumbuza i-mooing. Incazelo enembayo kakhulu yenyamazane iyagquma “yizwi lecilongo”, kungumsindo wecilongo osondele kakhulu umsindo wenyamazane ebomvu. Uhlobo lwenyamakazi ebhongayo yakhonjiswa ngabadwebi kule midwebo: ikhanda liphonswe emuva linezimpondo zikanokusho, amashiya asakaza umhlaba - konke lokhu kuyisici salezi zilwane.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, kungenzeka kube nokulwa phakathi kwabesilisa, ngenxa yokuthi izilwane ziqala ukwanda. Abaphikisi bashayisana nezimpondo, bezama ukushwabana phansi. Abesilisa abasebenza ngokungakhathali bashiya ngokushesha impi. Ungathola ukuthi owesilisa uqinile noma ubuthakathaka, hhayi ngokubukeka kuphela, kepha nangazwi. Inyamazane enamandla nenolwazi olwengeziwe inezwi eliphakemeyo neliphansi, kuyilapho inyamazane encane nebuthakathaka inezwi eliphakeme nelimsulwa. Ukulwa akuvamile ukuphela kabuhlungu, yize kunezikhathi lapho abesilisa bephula izimpondo zabo, noma bethintana kakhulu nabo kangangokuba bangakwazi ukuzikhulula ngokuzimela futhi bavele bafa yindlala.
Abantu abangenazimpondo batholakala phakathi kwabesilisa - abahlanganyeli ekulweni, kepha bazama ukungena buthule kunina womunye umuntu.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-elk ne-deer?
Yize ama-elk ne-deer engabomndeni owodwa, kunomehluko omkhulu obalulekile phakathi kwabo.
- I-antlers of moose nezinyamazane zinomehluko: ku-moose, zikhula ngokuqondile maqondana nobuso bomhlaba futhi zinamagatsha abanzi njenge-spade. Izimpondo zezinyamazane ziyakhuphuka, futhi azinkulu kangako.
- I-elk inkulu kakhulu phakathi kwabamele izinyamazane. Isisindo se-moose singafinyelela ku-655 kg. Isisindo sodwayi asidluli kuma-350 kg, kuyilapho ezinhlotsheni eziningi isisindo esilinganayo sisuka ku-150 kg.
- Imilenze yomsila mide futhi mncane kunemilenze yenyathi.
- Umehluko ubonwa enhlanganweni yezenhlalo yezilwane. I-Moose, ngokungafani nezinyamazane, ayikhe yakha imihlambi, kodwa ihlala yodwa noma ngababili.
Deer ngakwesokunxele, elk ngakwesokudla
Izici zokuziphatha kwabesilisa
ICrimea, iYurophu, iNyakatho Melika, inyamazane ebomvu yaseSiberia nezinye izingosi ezingezansi zihlukaniswa yizici ezithile zokuziphatha. Lezi zilwane zinamahloni, zinolaka futhi zinovalo. Abantu abasha bavame ukulwa izimpi ezinkulu nontanga yabo. Akunakubizwa ngokuthi kuyadlalwa.
Izinsizwa ezisencane, zingena duel, zime ngezinyawo zazo ezingemuva. Ngemilenze yangaphambili, bazama ukushaya umphikisi. Lokhu ngokuvamile akubangelwa ukulimala kwaphakade. Lokhu kuziphatha kuvumela abesilisa ukuthola isimo sabo, ukuthi yimuphi kubo onamandla kunawo. Onqobayo uthola ilungelo lokushada nowesifazane futhi ashiye inzalo.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Abesilisa abanezinyamazane ezibomvu baba bakulungele ukuzalaniswa kuphela lapho beneminyaka emibili noma emithathu, bese abesifazane bathola ukuthomba esikhathini esithile ekuqaleni - ezinyangeni eziyishumi nane kuya neshumi nesithupha. Ukukhulelwa kwezinsikazi zensikazi ebomvu kunazo zonke kuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-193-263, futhi kubantu abadala inzalo imvamisa ivela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-228-243.
Amawele ezinhlobo zalolu hlobo azalwa kusukela maphakathi noMeyi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJulayi. Ngalesi sikhathi, zonke izinsikazi zensikazi ebomvu zihlukaniswa nomhlambi wohlobo oluxubile futhi zigibela zijule ngokwanele emathangeni atholakala esifundeni esisogwini semifudlana nemifula. Inqubo yokuzala inyamazane yensikazi yenziwa kumaqhuzu wezilwane eziklanyiwe ngaphambilini. Izinsikazi zivame ukuzala inyamazana eyodwa kuphela, kepha kwezinye izimo amawele azalwa. Isisindo esijwayelekile sonyamazane osanda kuzalwa cishe singamakhilogremu ayishumi.
Inyamazane encane inombala obonakalayo, obonakala kakhulu kuzinhlobo, osebenza njengesivikelo esihle kakhulu sesilwane futhi usisize ekuthini mask kalula emvelweni ezungezile. Emavikini okuqala empilo, umbala ocijile okuyisona sivikelo esikhulu sodedela futhi umsindise ekuhlaselweni yizilwane eziningi ezidla ezinye.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Phakathi kwabesilisa kwesinye isikhathi kunabantu abangenazimpondo ngokuphelele abangahlanganyeli ekulweni kwendabuko phakathi kwezilwane, kodwa bazame ukungena buthule bezingane zabanye.
I-Reindeer iqala ukudla ngokwayo kusukela ineminyaka eyodwa yenyanga. Kodwa-ke, ngokufana nokudla utshani, izinsana zincela ubisi lowesifazane.
Isikhathi sokumunca kwesinye isikhathi sihlala kuze kube unyaka weminyaka. Izinyamazane zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu nangokuzikhandla kuze kube izinyanga eziyisithupha, emva kwalokho izinqubo zokukhula zihamba kancane, kuthi emva kweminyaka eyisithupha ukukhula kwesilwane kuyeke ngokuphelele.
Ukuziphatha kowesifazane
Izinsikazi, ngaphandle kokungabaza, zihlasela noma ngubani ongena kumawundlu akhe. Ukhahlela kanzima kumzingeli. Abesifazane abaqedi abaphikisi babo. Umhlaseli unethuba lokushiya ngemuva komthelela. Abesilisa abagcini nje ngokushaya izitha ezinjalo, kodwa bazinyathele kuze kube sekufeni. Ngakho-ke, izimpisi, uma zihlasela inyamazane, zingumhlambi omkhulu kuphela.
Izingozi
Ama-Deer anezinsongo ezimbalwa kunezinye izinhlobo. Noma kunjalo, basekhona. Izinyangi kwesinye isikhathi zibahlasela emhlambini. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kuyivelakancane kakhulu. Ama-subspecies asenyakatho, njenge-European, inyamazane ebomvu, angaba sengozini kusukela esemncane. Isilwane esinjenge-wolverine singaklebhula inyamazane. Bahlasela izilwane ezingenalwazi ezingakabi nokuzimela ngokuphelele.
Izinyamazane zabantu abadala azikho engcupheni. UWolverine uyadlula kubo. Ngazo zonke izitha, izinyamazane zingena duel. Cishe njalo bayayinqoba.
Usongo olukhulu enyamazeni umuntu. Abantu besaba lezi zilwane. Bazama ukubaleka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuziphatha kuyisici hhayi kuphela lapho inyamazane ibona umuntu. Isilwane siyabaleka, ngisho nokugqwala okuncane, iphunga lomuntu.
Owesifazane ngeke avikele amawundlu akhe lapho esebona owesilisa. Uzobaleka. Uma owesilisa ethatha inyamazana engalweni, owesimame naye akazukuhlasela owesilisa. Ungena eceleni abuke okwenzekayo.
Amanye amaphuzu
Lesi silwane siyinhlalo. Ibanjwa yiqembu ehlobo. Inani lezinkomo lingafinyelela kubantu abangama-400. Umbono, ukuzwa nokuzwa ukunambitheka kukhule kahle. Yonke imizwa ibandakanyekile ekuxhumaneni kwabantu ngabanye.
Inyamazane ebomvu endle ihlala iminyaka engama-20. Kwi-zoo, iminyaka yokuphila ingafinyelela iminyaka engama-30. Ezweni lethu, lolu hlobo lubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu. Ungaphansi kokuvikela abantu. Abanye abantu bazalanisa izinyamazane ngezinhloso zasendlini.
Kwamanye amazwe, inyamazane yalolu hlobo ibhekwa njengezinambuzane. Balimaza abalimi. Amahlaya adla izilimo. Ngakho-ke, ukuzingela lezi zilwane emazweni aseNyakatho naseNingizimu Melika kuvunyelwe. Kodwa-ke, le nqubo kufanele ilawulwe umbuso.
Namuhla, izinyamazane zalezi zinhlobo ziyaziswa emkhakheni wezokuvakasha. Emithini, kudalwa imithi ehlukile egazini nezimpondo zalezi zilwane. Inyama yalesi silwane inezakhiwo eziningi ezizuzisayo.
Ngemuva kokubheka izici, izindawo kanye nokuziphatha kwesilwane esinjengamazolo abomvu, ungalwazisa ulwazi lwakho mayelana nalesi simeleli esihle somusa wezilwane zasendle.
Abaphikisi
Ukukhula kwezinyosi okwezikhumba obomvu
Ama-antlers (izimpondo ezingekho emgodini) wezidwaba zibaluleke kakhulu ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo zokwelapha. Ukulima u-Antler reindeer kwavela eminyakeni eminingi edlule futhi kwaba kabanzi e-Altai. Ama-dets akhiqizwa lezi zinhloso agcinwa esibayeni esikhethekile, antlers asikwa ezilwaneni bukhoma.
Kukhishwa amanzi anotshwala ahlukaniswe nezimbotshana asetshenziswa ekhemisi njengomuthi ojwayelekile we-tonic kanye ne-adaptogenic. E-USSR, ukukhishwa kwama-deer antler kwabhaliswa ngaphansi kophawu lwePantokrin emuva ngo-1970. Lesi sidakamizwa singasetshenziswa njengengxenye yokwelashwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-asthenia (ukusebenza ngokweqile), i-neurasthenia ne-arterial hypotension.
Isibaya
Kwabamele lolu hlobo, ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-9 (izinsuku ezingama-240-260). NgoMeyi noma uJuni, ingane izalwa. Owesifazane oyedwa njalo uhlala ephethe inyamazane elilodwa. Ukukhulelwa kabili akuvamile.
I-fawn yakhiwe ngokuphelele. Inesisindo esingu-15-16 kg lapho izalwa. Izinselo zazo zisathambile. Umama nengane yakhe bahlala ngokwehlukana ngemuva kokuba umntwana ezelwe amasonto amaningana. Owesifazane uvikela, wondla inzalo yakhe unyaka owodwa. Owesilisa akazibandakanyi iqhaza enqubweni yokukhulisa isizukulwane esisha.
Izinsuku ezintathu zokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa, inyamazane ilele endaweni eseceleni. Akashukumi ngalesi sikhathi. Ingane ithanda ukucasha otshanini obukhulu. Wenza ukunyakaza kuphela ukuze azondle. Ngemuva kwesonto, ingane ifunda ukuhamba. Uzama ukulandela umama wakhe. Eminyakeni yamaviki ama-2, izingane sezivele zigxuma zikhuthele, zixakile.
Isithombe
UDeser - izilwane ezincelisayo ezinama-artiodactyl, umndeni wama-deer (inyamazane). Kunezinhlobo ezingama-51 kuphela. Phambilini, okhokho bamaSlavs babebiza lesi silo ngendlela ehlukile - "ngesi-spruce", yingakho igama elisetshenzisiwe manje lithi tabloid.
Amasayizi ezilwane ahlukile; axhomekeke ezinhlotsheni. Ake sithi i-reindeer ingafika amamitha elilodwa nesigamu, yize ukukhula okuncane kungamasentimitha angama-80 kuphela, i-peritheum ifinyelela kumamitha amabili, bese isisindo sifinyelela kumakhilogremu angamakhulu amabili. Isidalo esincane sivumelana ngokuphelele negama - ubude baleli develi abudluli imitha, futhi isisindo - kunalokho singamakhilogremu angama-50.
Umbala wamehlo enyamazane ulamula nge-hazel, kusuka kuwo kukhona ama-grooves ajulile. Amanye ama-deer anesimangaliso) njengemilenze emincane nenhle, abanye baneliswa yimifushane. Futhi kuzo zonke izinhlobo, ziqinile ngemisipha yomlenze eyenziwe kahle. Akunandaba ukuthi usho kanjani ukuthi imilenze isiza izinyamazane zisinde. Ngakho-ke, babaleka ingozi ngokushesha - ijubane lingafinyelela kumakhilomitha angaphezu kwama-50 ngamahora. Iningi lezinhlobo lifaka uboya - ukuzwelana okubambekayo lapho kuba nemizuzu efudumele yonyaka egcekeni, futhi kuminyene ebusika. Umbala uyahlukahluka ngezindawo okuhlala kuzo isilo - ungaba nombala onsundu, ubomvu wegolide noma mpunga.
Ngokusho kwamazinyo esilwane, uchwepheshe onolwazi, ngaphandle kokwenza imizamo ekhethekile futhi esebenzisa ulwazi kuphela, angabona kalula ukuthi isilo sineminyaka emingaki ngokubheka ukuthi amachaphazelo agqokwa futhi ahlotshwe kanjani.
Uyini umehluko phakathi kwenyamazane ne-elk
Imvukuzane iyizihlobo zenyamazane impela, inokufana, kepha abangane bayo bomshado bahlukile komunye komunye kulokhu okulandelayo:
- Umehluko omkhulu isitayela sezimpondo. I-Moose ikhula ngokulingene ngokuhlobene nefa negatsha ngaphandle ngama-blade amancane. Izimpondo ze-reindeer ziqondiswe esibhakabhakeni ngamandla.
- I-Elk isilwane esikhulu kakhulu, sikhulu kunethakathi. I-mash moose ifinyelela kumakhilogremu angama-650, kanti umphathi werekhodi unesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-350.
- Ungahlukanisa ngemilenze - isifingo sinemilenze emifushane futhi ibe mnene.
- Ekugcineni, i-moose - ayifuni ngokuphelele ukuba sezinkomeni. Hola izimpilo zenkanuko zodwa. Intuthwane. bendawonye noma bahlala ngababili - owesilisa nowesifazane wakhe.
Ngabe inyamazane nezinyamazane ezihlafunayo zihlukile?
- Inyamazane idume ngezimpondo zayo, eziveza amagatsha ngobuchopho, inyamazane yodoti ayinayo.
- Ukudla kwalezi zilwane kuyafana, nokho, inyamazane yensada ingakwenza ngaphandle kwamagxolo esihlahla. Izinyamazane zimququda ngenjabulo.
- Izingane zondliwa ngokufanele ngezindlela ezihlukile: izinyamazane zerayisi zilele ngesikhathi sokudla, inyamazane yanele.
Yini okulindelwe
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izinhlobo eziningi zezinyamazane ziphila. Kukhona ezinye zazo ezithakazelisa kakhulu.
Isidlakela esidumile
Isakhamuzi esihle kakhulu kulo mndeni, siyinkimbinkimbi ngokuvumelanayo, isakhiwo esincane. Ungahlukanisa ngebala elikhanyayo eduze nomsila, isimilo salolu hlobo. Ezimpondweni kunenqwaba yamagatsha, ikakhulukazi kumathiphu. Sekukonke kunama-subspecies ayi-15 ahlukene ngosayizi. Thatha, inyamazane encane yaseBukhara inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayikhulu nobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-190; isizinda esisha, imalali, inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-300, singamasentimitha ayi-160 kuphela ubude.
Indawo yokuhlala ngebhayidi ebomvu yenyamazane: Amazwe ase-Europe, Scandinavia, China, North Africa, (green, zombili amazwekazi ase Melika.
Reindeer
Okunye ukuqokwa yi-caribou. Ihlala enyakatho ye-Eurasia, e-tundra. Lolu hlobo lwezimpondo aluyona eyabesilisa kuphela, kodwa futhi neyabesifazane. Basebenza ukusula iqhwa futhi bathola ukudla nama-reindeer moss. Lolu hlobo luyilo kuphela oludla inyama, noma kunalokho, ulamula omncane ama-lemmings ahlala lapho a. Umzimba unobude obungamamitha amabili, isixuku singamakhilogremu angama-200.
Izinyamazane zamanzi
Udumo lakhe ukuthi akazigqoki izimpondo. Ngaphakathi komndeni omkhulu, omncane kunabo bonke - ubude abude kude nemitha eyodwa, isisindo esingamakhilogremu 9-14. Ukuphila emahlathini aseChinese naseKorea. Ukubhukuda ngokunethezeka, okwazi ukubhukuda amakhilomitha amaningi.
White Muzzle Doe
It got igama layo sibonga ubuso obunemibala emhlophe nesiqeshana sekhanda. Ubude besisu ngamamitha ayi-2.3, isisindo singamakhilogremu angama-200. Iphila ukubuka kwangempela ezindaweni zezintaba zaseTibet, kanye nase China.
Inyamazane enomsila omhlophe
Ebizwa nangokuthi i-Virginian deer, indawo yokuhlala iyizwe laseNyakatho Melika (i-USA naseningizimu Canada). Finyelela imitha eyi-1 ukuphakama bese ukala cishe amakhilogremu ayi-150. Isici esiyingqayizivele umsila omhlophe.
Inyamazane yengulube
Inegama elihlekisayo lokhu ngoba ifana nengulube yengulube. Inomsila omuhle we-fluffy. Abesifazane bahluka kubesilisa kaningi ngombala okhanyayo.
Bahlala emathafeni asePakistan, Burma kanye nezinye izifundazwe zaseNingizimu Asia. Abamele lolu hlobo lwabantu abaletha eCanada, e-United States of America nasemazweni ase-Australia. Ziphila ngokwehlukana, imihlambi ayivelwanga ekudalweni. Ziphila impilo yasebusuku, phakathi nesikhathi sasemini (s) ziphumula emthunzini wezihlahla.
Izinyamazane ezibanjiwe
Ukwahlulela ngegama, kufaka i-crest ekhula kusuka engxenyeni engaphambili. Umqoqi wamanje mfushane kakhulu futhi empeleni akagcini. Indawo yokuhlala itholakala eningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga yesifunda sase-Asia.
ISouthand Manchurian Red deer
Umhlali osezintabeni onamasheya, imilenze emifushane, njengokungathi yakhelwe ngokukhethekile ukuhamba ezintabeni ezimile. Uhlala e-Andes e-Argentina. Indlela yokuphila - izifiso, kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzala bahlangana ngemihlambi emincane.
Izinyamazane ezinemibala egqamile
Umzimba mude, cishe amasentimitha angama-180, igunya lama-kilogramu angama-75 kuye kwangama-130. Ukuphakama kwesilwane kuyisilinganiso samasentimitha ayi-110. Izilwane ziyizilwane zomhlambi, zihlala ngamaqembu amancane abantu abangu-15-25. Sisatshalaliswa emathafeni nasezintabeni zangaphambili kweSoviet Union. Izimpilo esifundeni esiseMpumalanga Ekude, izintaba zeCaucasus nezindawo zomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo.
Ukuziphatha okuhle kakhulu kwenyamazane
Lesi isilwanyana esinyakazayo singabizwa ngesibindi ngokuthi yidiya enkulu kunazo zonke, yize kungabhekwa njengokuhambisana nakho konke okusemthethweni. Kumayelana ne-moose. Izinhlobo zethu ezivuthiwe zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 amasentimitha angu-30 ukuphakama. Isisindo esihlaba umxhwele kakhulu sabhalwa kumakhilogremu angama-655. Umzimba ubukeka ufushane - kuphela ngaphakathi kwamamitha amathathu. Kepha izicathulo eziphakeme, ezifakwe izinselo ezibanzi, zinde. Ubuso be-elk bunwetshiwe kakhulu, izindebe zikhulu. Ijazi labo bobabili ubulili limdaka. Umqoqi wamanje uthambile kancane, yingakho lesi silwane sibizwa ngokuthi “sikhukhumele”.
AmaMoose ahlala lapha emazweni amaningi eNyakatho Nenkabazwe, indawo yokuhlala ibanzi kakhulu - ukusuka eTundra kuya emaqeleni ezindaweni eziseningizimu ze-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika.
Kungaba amahlathi anomswakama akhetha impilo, noma abe aminyene aminyene, amahlathi ama-oki angenakugwenywa. Kepha ukudla kuyadingeka emaphethelweni omfula noma emaphethelweni evulekile entambo ephakathi. U-Elk akakhethi ekudleni, udla amakhambi, uthatha amajikijolo, udla inyama ye-goof, uhlanganisa amahlumela esihlahla.
Izinyamazane ezincane
Omncane kunabo bonke (ngamapharamitha asemzimbeni) omele uhlobo lwamadada yi-musk deer pudu. Kunezindawo ezingaphansi ezimbili - usuku lwasenyakatho nengxenye. Umzimba umfushane kakhulu - ngamasentimitha angama-90 kuphela ubude, ukuphakama akudluli amasentimitha angama-40, isisindo singamakhilogremu ayishumi, izimpondo zimfushane - azikho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-10. Ugqoke ama-alpaca ansundu. Ukuhlala emazweni aseNingizimu Melika, ukondliwa kwemifino - kudla amahlamvu ezihlahleni nasemagatsheni ahlafunwayo. Ilungisa indlela ehlukile, kwesinye isikhathi ihlala ngababili.
Kuyathakazelisa
UKozulya akazange azigqoke izimpondo ezinhle kangaka, ezigcwele injabulo impilo yakhe yonke. Okokuqala, ubuhle obunjalo bukhula buneminyaka emihlanu, bese kusuka ku-12 indiza yophondo iba buthaka, nomqhele ube mncane futhi ungaphansi. Ngendlela yemvelo, izilwane zidonsa izimpondo zazo entwasahlobo kusuka ngoMashi kuya ngosuku lokwahlulela luka-Ephreli, nezimpondo ezincane ziba lukhuni izinyanga ezintathu.
Ekuqaleni, inyamazane yavela eMhlabeni ihlela izigidi ezingama-33, kwenzeka lapho i-Asia manje seyikhona. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyizigidi eziyi-10, izilwane zaqala ukuhamba, futhi zaqala ukungena eYurophu yanamuhla, kusukela manje kuqhubekela phambili phezu kwebhuloho elikhona phakathi kwamazwekazi kuya ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika. Ezwenikazi laseNingizimu Melika, izilwane zavela ngasekupheleni - eminyakeni eyizigidi ezimbili edlule.
Okungenani izitha eziphambili zenyamazane evela embusweni wezilwane, oyinhloko kuze kube namuhla ungumuntu. I-Passion for deer yayivame kakhulu, futhi ingxenye enkulu yezilwane yacekelwa phansi.
Umuntu uphambana kakhulu nalesi silo esihle: ngakolunye uhlangothi, amathemba asengozini yokubeka engcupheni ayavikelwa futhi aqoshwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwezinye izindawo udlame lubalwa njengezinhlobo eziyingozi, ngoba ezindaweni eziningi amadlozi adla ngokuzikhandla adla izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingandile, azonakalise.
Umqoqi wamanje we-aspid-style non-ossified deer (ama-antlers) adume kakhulu futhi abalulekile, ngoba anezindawo eziqinile zokuphilisa. Benza okukhishwa emanzini notshwala futhi bakhiqiza amalungiselelo okwelapha ekwelapheni umfutho wegazi ophakeme nezifo zemizwa. Futhi izimpondo ezi-ossified zisebenzela ukukhiqizwa kwama-immunostimulants.
Lapho kunezikhathi zokulamba, inyamazane ngayinye ibhekana nalokhu ngendlela eyinqayizivele - udeveli unciphisa umetabolism futhi unciphise ukushaywa kwenhliziyo yezilwane. Lokhu kwenza ukuthi sikwazi ukonga amandla adingekayo.
Izalukazi ezingamaduna, ezivelele emhlambini,, njengomthetho, inani elincane kunazo zonke labesifazane, inani labo lifinyelela amashumi amabili. Ihlangene nokudlula lapho idlula khona futhi ivakashele ngayinye, i-olesha iyakwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokudla izinsuku eziningana.
Inyamazane ebomvu
Ummeleli omuhle kakhulu womndeni wezinyamazane, unomzimba omuncanyana, owengeziwe olungeziwe. Ngaphansi komsila wenyamazane ebomvu kukhona ibala elimhlophe elimilo. Izimpondo zalolu hlobo lwenyamazane zibonakaliswa ngamagatsha ahlutshiwe. Inyamazane ebomvu yona ihlukaniswe izikhungo eziningi, ubukhulu bayo buxhomeke ekutheni ngabe kungokwesonto elilodwa noma elinye, ngokwesibonelo, inyamazane encane yaseBukhara inesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-100 futhi ikhula ibe ngu-17-1 cm cm. Inamamitha angama-1,6 ubude futhi inesisindo esingama-300 kg. Inyamazane ebomvu ihlala endaweni ebanzi; itholakala emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, China, North Africa, North kanye naseNingizimu Melika nase Australia.
Reindeer
Yaziwa nangokuthi i-caribou. Lesi zinyamazane, esihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, e-tundra, sihlukaniswa yikho ukuthi owesilisa nowesifazane banezimpondo. Futhi lokhu akukhona kanjalo nje, iqiniso ngukuthi izintokazi ezihlumayo zidinga izimpondo ngezinjongo ezisebenzayo, ngosizo lwazo zisula iqhwa kanye nabesilisa ukuze bathole ukudla ngaphansi kwalo, moss, lichens. Futhi ngaphandle kwalokhu, ama-reindeer yiwona kuphela phakathi kwenyamazane edla, kufaka phakathi inyama, okungukuthi ama-lements amancane amancane ahlala ezindaweni ezifanayo. Ubude bomzimba we-reindeer ngamamitha ayi-1.9-2.1, isisindo - 190 kg.
Izinyamazane zamanzi
Yaziwa nangokuthi yidiya lodwa elingenazimpondo. Lesi ngesinye sabamele abancane kakhulu bomndeni wezinyamazane, ubude baso singama-75-100 cm kuphela, nesisindo - 9-15 kg. Inyamazane yamanzi ihlala emahlathini aseChina nePeninsula yaseKorea. Ungumbhukudi omuhle kakhulu, uyakwazi ukubhukuda amakhilomitha ambalwa, athuthele phakathi kwamadolobhana emifula ehlukene.
Isigaxa se-david
Yaziwa nangokuthi iMer de deer, kuyizilwane ezingandile kakhulu ezacishe zachithwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili edlule. Manje bazama ukubuyisa inani labo ezimalini zaseChina, lapho ahlala khona phambilini. Yaba negama ngemuva kompristi waseFrance kanye nomuntu wezemvelo u-Arman David, owayengowokuqala ukuchaza lolu hlobo lwenyamazane. Inobukhulu obuphakathi, ubude bayo bomzimba bu-140 cm, inesisindo esingu-150-200 kg. Isici esijabulisayo sobuhlakani bukaDavid ukuguquka kwaso njalo kwezimpondo, okwenzeka kabili ngonyaka. Zibuye zibe nekhanda elincane elingatheni, eliyi-atypical for ezinye inyamazane.
I-White Deer
Lolu hlobo lwenyamazane laba negama ngenxa yemibala emhlophe ehlukile yentamo nangaphambi kwekhanda. Izimpondo zalo mkhozi nazo zimhlophe. Ubude benyamazane ebheke ebusweni obumhlophe yi-230 cm futhi inesisindo esingu-200 kg. Lezi zinyamazane zihlala emahlathini asezintabeni aseTibet nakwamanye amaphondo aseChina.
Izinyamazane ezibanjiwe
Inesihlotshana esimnyama onsundu ekhanda, yingakho igama laso. Futhi isici esiyingqayizivele salesi zinyamazane izimpondo zaso ezimfushane nezingasilo ngokuphelele. Lezi zinyamazane zihlala emahlathini aseNingizimu naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.
Izinyamazane ezimhlophe ezinomsila
Yaziwa nangokuthi i-Virginian deer, ngoba inani elikhulu kakhulu lalezi zinyamazane lihlala esifundazweni sase-US eVirginia (yize ngaphandle kweVirginia, ihlala nakwamanye amazwe ase-USA naseCanada). Igama lalibangelwa umbala omhlophe wesimilo. Ubude benyamazane enombala omhlophe bufika kumitha eli-1 enesisindo esingama-150 kg.
Inyama yengulube
Lesi zinyamazane sathola igama eliyinqayizivele ngale ndlela yalo ehlukile yokuhamba, sikhumbuza indlela ingulube ehamba ngayo. Izinyamazane zengulube zingumnikazi womsila we-fluffy. Abesilisa banombala omnyama kunowesifazane. Izimpilo ePakistan, India, Thailand nakwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia.
Sika inyamazane
I-deer deer inezindawo ezinhle ezimhlophe ezinweleni zayo ezibomvu, ezazinikeza igama. I-deer deer ephakathi ngosayizi, ubude bayo ngamamitha ayi-1,6-1,8, enesisindo esingu-95-112 kg. Lolu hlobo lwamadada luhlala eMpumalanga Ekude, endaweni ephakathi yeRussia Federation naseCaucasus. Okwamanje, maqondana nokuncishiswa kwenani labantu kubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu.
Ukuzalanisa izinyamazane
UDerer uphila impilo yesithembu enesithunzi, umhlambi walezi zilwane uholwa ngowesilisa oqinile owesilisa nabesifazane abambalwa. Leyanyamakazi eyeduna ivikela izintombi zayo ekuvinjelweni kwamanye amaduna ancintisanayo. Emzabalazweni wabantu besifazane, izinsikazi zamaduna zihlela izimpi zangempela ezicishe zibe namandla, zihlangabezana nezimpondo zazo.
I-Deer ifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba kusenesikhathi; lapho ineminyaka emibili, inyamazane yensikazi iyakwazi ukuzala amazinyane. Abesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi eminyakeni engama-2-3. Inyamazane ekhulelwe, kuya ngezinhlobo, ihlala izinyanga eziyi-6-9. Lapho kufika isikhathi sokubeletha, insikazi ifuna indawo ethokomele neyodwa endaweni yale njongo. Imvamisa kuyingane eyodwa kuphela ezalwa ngesikhathi, ezimweni ezingandile lapho kungakhona amawele. Izinyamazane ezincane zinombala obonakalayo, ozisebenzisayo njengendlela yokuzifihla enhle kakhulu kubazingeli.
Kungemva kokuzalwa kuphela inyamazane encane ingavele ime ngezinyawo zayo, bese kuthi ngemuva kwenye inyanga yokuncelisa ibele, isivele iconsa utshani, yize iqhubeka nokudla ubisi lukamama kulo nyaka wokuqala wokuphila kwayo.
Ngemuva konyaka, amabhubhu amancane okuqala aqala ukubonakala emadodeni amadala ezinyamazane - ama-antlers esikhathi esizayo esihle.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nothwala
- Izimpondo ze-Deer zinezindawo zokuphulukisa ekwelashweni kwe-hypertension kanye nezifo zemizwa. Okuyikho, okuyiqiniso, ukuthi akukho neze ezandleni zezinyamazane uqobo, izinhlobo eziningi zazo esezivele zibhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu, ngoba zisondele ekuqothulweni.
- Abantu abaningi kanye nezikhathi ezihlukehlukene babebhekwa njengesilwane esingcwele, ngokwesibonelo, amaNdiya amaMayan kwesinye isikhathi aze azibize “ngabantu ababodwa”, kanti izinyanya zazithathwa phakathi kwazo njengokhokho bazo abakhulu bezizwe. KumaCelts asendulo, inyamazane ibibhekwa njengophawu lweLanga, inzalo, amandla omuntu, futhi ifakwe kumuntu kunkulunkulu uCernun, amaCelts ambonisa ngezimpondo zenyamazane.
- Imvamisa isithombe sodwayi singatholakala ema-medieval heraldry, lapho inyamazane ifanekisela khona umusa nokulinganisela.
Ama-Deers - abazulazula basenyakatho, ividiyo
Futhi ekugcineni, idokhumenti elihehayo mayelana nabahlwibi.
Lapho ngibhala i-athikili ngazama ukuyenza ibe mnandi, isebenziseke futhi ibe sezingeni eliphezulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngingabonga kakhulu nganoma iyiphi impendulo kanye nokugxekwa okwakhayo ngendlela yamazwana esihlokweni. Ungabhala futhi isifiso sakho / umbuzo / isiphakamiso ku-mail yami [email protected] noma kuFacebook, ngokuhlonipha umbhali.
Le ndatshana iyatholakala ngesiNgisi - iDeer.