I-Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (lat.) - isho izinhlobo zezinhlanzi eziwundlu lomndeni womndeni we-pangasian, i-oda le-Catfish. Amarekhodi okuqala alandelwa kusukela ngo-1800. Indawo yemvelo ingamanzi amasha. Inani elikhulu labantu livame ukutholakala emanzini aseMekong naseChauphrai, okuyisibalo esincane emifuleni yeThailand, Southeast Asia, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam neLake Tonle Sap.
Ngokwemvelo, ifinyelela ubude obuyi-130 cm nesisindo sama-44 kg. Ushaka wamanzi ahlanzekile sekuyiminyaka edoba, izindlawu zawo zisetshenziswa lapho kulungiswa izitsha eziningi zangaphandle nasekuthengisweni kwamanye amazwe. Ubukhulu bezinye izinhlobo bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,5.
Oshaka e-aquarium bazizwa bekhulu uma udala zonke izimo ezithandekayo. Ngaphandle, afana kakhulu noshaka owazingelayo. Isikhumba emzimbeni woshaka we-aquarium mncane futhi sibuthakathaka, asinazikali zamathambo. Amanoni amnyama grey noma amnyama. E-dorsal fin kunemisebe eyisithupha ebunjiwe njengonxantathu. I-caudal fin ilayishwe kabili, kanti i-anal elongate isuka kuyo. Umbala womzimba koshaka osemusha uyisiliva, kepha umnyama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, emgqeni ongakwesobunxele yimivimbo emibili emisha eyanyamalala lapho inhlanzi ikhula. Ikhanda lithambile, amehlo makhulu, ngababili bamadevu. Umlomo omkhulu onamazinyo abukhali, ingxenye engezansi ne-peritoneum ziyisiliva. Ubukhulu bomzimba buvela ku-15 cm kuya ku-50 cm kuma-aquariums. Isikhathi sokuphila seminyaka engu-10-15 nangaphezulu.
Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu zoshaka base-aquarium
I-Pangasianodon hypophthalmus yehlukile hhayi ngaphandle komunye nomunye, kepha futhi inambitha izintandokazi, osayizi, imikhuba kanye nomlingiswa. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-paasius ephezulu ezincibilikayo:
- Ookadada abasebenza ngokudotshwa bancane kufika ku-25 cm. Izinhlobo zezinyoni ezibunjiwe, inzalo efinyelela ku-10, osayizi ifinyelela ku-6 cm. Ama-Aquarists azibheka njengezithandwa kakhulu phakathi koshaka abahlobisa i-aquarium. Bayawathanda amanzi afudumele. Zinamazinyo abukhali. Bayakuthanda ukujabulela ama-cephalopods. Ushaka unezitho ze-luminescent ezikhanyayo emaphini aphansi nawamuva nesisu esingezansi. Ngokulungiswa kahle, isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-10.
- I-pennant, ushaka wamanzi asanda kukhiwa noma ushaka wekati, le nhlanzi, efana kakhulu nomphangi. Emvelweni wemvelo ingafinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5, izilwane ezifuywayo ezingekho ngaphezu kwama-60 cm. Umnikazi wokuziphatha othokozisayo, unamahloni kakhulu futhi wenza sengathi ufile lapho ethukile, kepha ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20 kuye kwengama-30 konke kubuya kujwayelekile. Akunconyelwanga ukudambisa, ngokucasuka kuyashayisana nezindonga ze-aquarium, ezingadala ukuzilimaza.
- Ushaka omnyama muhle, unomusa. UGluttony, uma enomuzwa wokuthi akondli, ngezikhathi ezithile wenza imizamo yokuhlasela umakhelwane wakhe ukuze adle. Uma kukhona okungahambi kahle embusweni, ngokushesha iba lula ngombala. Kusayinwa umnikazi ukuze athole izizathu zokuthi angazithandi. Ushaka omnyama wemibala emibili - obuhle obuhle, umnikazi wesikhumba esimnyama velvet nomsila obomvu okhanyayo. Umnikazi womlingiswa onolaka nowenhliziyo.
- I-Colombian shark catfish noma isiliva shark - inhlanzi eyingqayizivele, ine-echolocation, kuyindlela yokuxhumana nezihlobo emanzini anodaka. Amaphiko angenhla anobuthi, kepha ubuthi abufi.
Ukuthola ushaka wamanzi acwebile ezindaweni zasemanzini namuhla kubhekwa njengemfashini. Lapho wenza isinqumo esinjalo, kuyadingeka ukufezekisa inani lezimfuneko eziphoqelekile zokulungiswa koshaka.
Oshaka bakhula ngokushesha futhi kwezinye izimo bangafinyelela ngaphezu kwama-60 cm, kepha lokhu kuya ngemibandela yokuboshwa. Ukuze uhlale ngokunethezeka, usayizi we-aquarium kufanele ube nesembozo esingaphezulu, umthamo okungenani wamalitha angama-350, ngokuzayo, ulungiselele ukwanda. Kunezinhlobo ezihlala kuphela emaphaketheni futhi zidinga umthamo wamalitha ayi-1200.
Ukuhlobisa umbuso woshaka, beka amatshe amakhulu angabukeki abukhali, imbobo enhle, zonke izinhlobo zokukhosela. Ngaphansi kwesihlabathi noma esincane, hhayi amatshe abukhali, izitshalo ezinesitshalo esakhiwe kahle sezimpande ezungeze izindonga eziseceleni, ungafaka nasezimbizeni zobumba. Zonke izinto ezibukhali nezithukile azifakwanga, ushaka ungalimaza isikhumba.
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elikhulu liyi-22 kuye ku-28 ° C, ubunzima bamanzi lisuka 2 kuya ku-20, pH 6.5 kuya ku-8.0. Kala amazinga e-nitrate ne-ammonia. Njalo ngesonto, shintsha amanzi abe ngu-40% wevolumu ephelele. Oshaka be-Aquarium abawabekezeleli amanzi angcolile, ngakho-ke udinga ukubeka ukuhlunga okuhle. Dala ukugeleza okuhle ngepompo. Khumbula ukuthi ushaka we-catfish pangasius nezinye izinhlanzi ezincane zasemanzini azihlangani ndawonye. Ukukhanyisa kufanele kube ngokulinganayo.
Ukondla
IShark catfish inobuqhakaza impela, izinhlobo ze-aquarium azikhethiwe ikakhulukazi ekudleni, zidla konke ezikuthola. Ngemisebenzi yayo ebalulekile, kudingeka amaprotheni amaningi nama-carbohydrate, ushaka uhlala usendleleni, udinga amandla amaningi. Kusetshenziswa ekudleni kwezitshalo nemvelaphi yezilwane.
Ekwaluphaleni, izilwane ezifuywayo ziphelelwa ngamazinyo bese ziba imifino. Yondla izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngosuku, uthathe imizuzu emi-5.
Ukudla kufanele kube nokulinganisela futhi okuhlukahlukene.
- USom Pangasius ungumthandi wezinhlanzi ezinamahloni, umdlwembe, isikwati, izinambuzane nezibungu.
- Ukhukhise okhethiweyo noma ogayiwe, iklabishi, i-zucchini, amazambane.
- Izithelo nazo zidliwa ngezingcezu ezincane.
- Idla okusanhlamvu okuhlukahlukene.
- Bayakuthanda ukujabulela izinhlanzi ezibukhoma ezikhethekile.
Kepha khumbula njalo ukuthi akunakwenzeka ngokuphelele ukuthi ukhuluphele ngokweqile, imiphumela yalokho okuzoholela ekukhulupheni nasekufeni. Ama-feed ahlukahlukene angathengwa ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Shark Catfish Ukuvumelana
I-Pangasianodon hypophthalmus ngokuphelele ayihlaseli futhi ihambelana kahle nezinye izakhamizi zase-aquarium ezinobukhulu obufanayo. Esimweni esingokwemvelo hlala emihlambini emikhulu. Akunconyelwe ukugcina nezinhlanzi ezincane, ngoba i-shark pangasius ibheka izinhlanzi ezincane njengokudla.
I-Shark catfish inokuhambisana okuhle nezinye izinhlanzi, ziyifanele:
- Cichlid.
- Amabha amakhulu amise okomhluzi.
- Kalamoikhty.
- Labeo.
- I-Proportional polypteruses.
- I-Knife fish.
- UGourami nabanye.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ushaka uhlala kwikholamu lamanzi eliphakathi, ngakho-ke kufanele kutholakale umakhelwane, ohlala engxenyeni engezansi.
Ukuzala
Ngobulili, izingane ezincane cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhlukanisa. Ukushada koshaka kwenzeka eneminyaka emine, kuyilapho intokazi enamanzi amhlophe ilula futhi inkulu kakhulu kunowesilisa. Ukuzalanisa inhlanzi e-aquarium ekhaya kuyinkinga futhi cishe akunakwenzeka. E-Asia, ama-catfish ashaka afakwa emachibini noma emigqonyeni yamanzi.
Emvelweni yemvelo, izinhlanzi zabantu abadala ziqala ukusukela kuJulayi kuya kuNovemba, zibhekabheka phezulu, zitholakala ngamathongo angaphansi kwamanzi, zibeka amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu. Ukuvela kwefry kwenzeka ezinsukwini ezi-2 kuya kwezine, emva kwalokho iPangasianodon hypophthalmus ibuyela esimweni sayo esejwayelekile.
Isifo Soshark Catfish
Izimbangela zokuqala zesifo sikashaka kungenxa yokunakekelwa kabi, ukondliwa okungafanele, namanzi ampofu noma usayizi we-aquarium. Ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokwelashwa kwezinhlanzi, kubalulekile ukuthi usithole kahle lesi sifo futhi ukhombe izimbangela zokubonakala kwaso.
Izifo ezivame kakhulu:
- I-pangasius e-aquarium kaningi ingazilimaza ngokushaya izindonga noma ukulinyazwa yizinto zokuhlobisa. Ngemuva kwalokho, izilonda esikhunjeni sikashaka wokuhlobisa kungenzeka, amanxeba adinga ukwelashwa nge-potassium permanganate noma oluhlaza okotshani.
- Uma kwenzeka unobuthi, ukwelashwa kuzoba yindlala noma ukudla okudla ngamaphrotheni.
- Indlala yomoya-mpilo. IPangasius aquarium itholakala ngaphezu kwamanzi, i-catfish ivame ukugwinya umoya. Khuphula ngokushesha i-aeration, amazinga okushisa aphansi, khuphula izinga lokugeleza ngesihlungi.
- Qeda ukubola. Ukugoqa amaphiko kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokubonakala kwamagciwane noma umphumela wokulunywa kwenye inhlanzi.
- Ukwehla noma ukuqhakaza. Thuthukisa izondlamzimba kanye nekhwalithi yamanzi.
- Ichthyophthyroidism noma amabala amhlophe - amanzi ampofu.
- Isifo se-Mushroom noma isikhunta senhlanzi - ukukhula okumhlophe okufana nokufana nokubumba. Amanzi angcolile.
Cishe zonke izifo zenhlanzi zihlobene nekhwalithi yamanzi, qaphela. Uma ubona ushintsho, thatha isinyathelo ngokushesha.
Iseluleko
Landela izindinganiso zokunakekelwa nokunakekelwa kokugcina futhi uzokwazi ukugwema izinkinga eziningi, futhi iPangasianodon hypophthalmus yakho izohlala inganqabuki futhi izokubamba iso lakho.
- I-Shark aquarium kufanele ifakwe konke okudingekayo.
- Ungondli ngesandla.
- Gqoka amagilavu ngokuhlanza.
- Lapho uthatha indawo yomuntu omusha ku-aquarium, yibambe ngokwahlukana isikhashana ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi iphilile.
- Kungcono ukugcina izinhlanzi ezigulayo zesikhathi sokwelashwa ngokwahlukana, kuze kululame ngokuphelele.
- Thola isethi yokuhlola ukukala ikhwalithi yamanzi.
- Hlanza isihlungi njalo.
Khumbula ukuthi umthwalo wemfanelo wempilo yale nhlanzi enomusa, oncike kuwe ngqo.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Ukuze ungenzi izilwane zakho ezifuywayo ungazijabuli endaweni evulekile, futhi futhi ezimweni ezingezinhle, kufanele unake izici zokuqukethwe.
Umhlobiso wezinhlanzi ushaka unesimo esithile esithile futhi sidinga ukunakwa ngokwako. Nayi nje imithetho ejwayelekile: