Umhlaba wafunda ngobukhona be iChinese river dolphin ngo-1918 kuphela. Kodwa-ke, iminyaka engaphansi kwe-100 yayanele ukuletha lolu hlobo lwemikhomo enezinyawo ukuqeda ukuqothulwa. Phambilini ibisakazeke empumalanga yeChina, le dolphin yomfula yathola isiphephelo sayo sokugcina emanzini aseYangtze, imifula yaseQiantang kanye namachibi aseduze asePoyanghu naseDining. Izilwane zathutha lapha zisuka oLwandle iPacific eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezingama-20 edlule. AmaShayina abahlonipha njengonkulunkulu basemfuleni, kepha lokhu akuzange kusindise amahlengethwa ekuqothulweni ngenxa yokungcoliswa komfula, izinguquko ezimweni zezulu.
Ompunga okwesibhakabhaka onama-dolphin amhlophe wesisu amhlophe ane-fors dorsal encane ngendlela yefulegi nomlomo omncane ophakanyiselwe phezulu. Bathanda ukuba semanzini angajulile emanzini aphazamisekile. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, futhi isicubu sabo esinezikhumba zamahlengesi angamaShayina sasibizwa ngokuthi "izingulube zasemfuleni." Ubude bomzimba abudluli kumamitha ayi-2,5, kanti isisindo sisukela ku-120 kuye kuma-210 kg. Lezi zilwane ezinhle azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngamehlo amahle, ngakho-ke, lapho zizingela izinhlanzi ezincane, zithembela kuphela ekufundeni kwezinkanyezi. Ukudla okuthandekayo yi-catfish kanye nama-eels, okumbiwa yihlengezi ngaphansi komfula ngoqhwaku lwawo olude. Imvamisa, izilwane zihlala ngababili, kuyaqabukela zihlangana ngamaqembu abantu abangafika kwabali-10. Lesi sidalwa siyimfihlo impela, siphatha konke okungaziwa ngokuqapha okukhulu. Ihlengethwa elimalelwayo lenza umsindo wokubhoboza, ofana kakhulu nokukhala kwethole le-buffalo. Ukuveliswa kabusha "kwezingulube zasemfuleni" akuqondakali kahle. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amawundlu awo abuthakathaka kakhulu futhi awakwazi ukubhukuda. Kusukela ekuzalweni, umama weseka ingane ngamaphiko ayo.
Futhi ngaphandle kokuba nesikhathi sokwazi lesi silwane esimangalisayo, ngonyaka we-2006 iChinese river dolphin kwathiwa akekho. Kodwa-ke, kamuva kwabonwa abantu abangaba ngu-30. Ngokusho kohambo lokuthungatha ngonyaka ka-2012, le nhlobo yezilwane kwathiwa inyamalala ngokuphelele. Ososayensi banethemba lokuthi ngolunye usuku dolphin waseChina uzophinda avele endle, ngoba yonke imizamo yokumgcina ekudingisweni ayiphumelelanga.
Bangobani amahlengethwa omfula
Abantu basebenziswa ukuthi amahlengethwa angabahlali bolwandle olunosawoti namanzi olwandle. Kepha kunomndeni omncane obizwa nge-River Dolphins.
Namuhla kunezinhlobo ezi-4 zalawa cetaceans. Abathathu kubo bahlala emanzini amasha, kuthi owesine bakwazi ukuhlala emifuleni nasemanzini, nasolwandle. Ngeshwa, lezi yizilwane ezisengozini. Bahlupheka kakhulu ngenxa yokusondela kwabo kubantu. Bayafa ngenxa yokungcoliswa kwemifula nokuzingela okungalawulwa.
Ukubukeka
Isilwane esibonakalayo esihle ngimpunga ekhanyayo ngombala, isisu saso sinokukhanya kwesiliva - amathunzi amhlophe. Izidumbu ezitokolayo zamahlengethwa azidluli amamitha amabili nesigamu, futhi isisindo somzimba singasukela kumakhilogremu angamashumi amabili nambili kuya kwikhulu namashumi ayisikhombisa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bancane kakhulu kunaleyo ekhethiwe. Isici salolu hlobo lwentambo i-rostrum emincane futhi ende kakhulu, efana nomlomo womqhele. Inamashumi amathathu nane ngaphezulu kanye namashumi amathathu nesithupha ezansi kwamabili amazinyo. Kuboniswa ngombono ophansi.
Indlela yokuphila
Ukhetha indawo yokuhlala emilonyeni yezintela, eduze kweziqhingi nasemanzini angajulile. Yakheka emanzini anezinkinga ngenxa yokuchazwa. Amahlengethwa ayasebenza phakathi nosuku, futhi achitha ubusuku ezindaweni ezinenkambo ehamba kancane. I-dolphin yase-China yomfula isebenza kakhulu kuma-mollusk nezinhlanzi ezincane, kepha ayenqabi kuma-eels kanye ne-catfish.
Uyena uqobo akanazitha ngokwemvelo. Amahlengethwa angabonakala ngababili, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngamaqembu abantu abafinyelela kwabayishumi nesithupha. Ungangena ngaphansi kwesikhashana, kuze kufike imizuzwana engamashumi amabili. Ezinhlotsheni ezisehlobo, ukufudukela eziteshini ezincane kwakuyimpawu, futhi ebusika babuyela ezindaweni zabo zangaphambili.
Ngenxa yokuthi lolu hlobo aluqondakali kahle, ngeshwa, inqubo yokuzala, isikhathi sokuphila nokunye okuningi kuzohlala kuyimfihlakalo kithina. Ososayensi benza ukuqagela ngokususelwa kuzinhlamvu zedatha abanazo ezandleni zabo. Abesifazane abachazi kakhulu. Ziletha iwundlu elilodwa lilinye futhi hhayi ngaphezulu kwesikhathi esisodwa njalo eminyakeni emi-2. Kungenzeka ukuthi isikhathi sokukhulelwa yizinyanga eziyi-11. Izinkomo zizalwa zibuthakathaka kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, umama waphoqeleka ukuba abagcine behlangene ngamawele akhe. Ukuthomba ngqo akukaziwa. Ngokwokucabanga, lokhu kungenzeka phakathi kweminyaka emithathu kuya kweyisishiyagalombili.
Ukutadisha lolu hlobo oluyingqayizivele, kwenziwa imizamo yokugcina ichibi lomfula lithunjiwe. Ngeshwa, ngisho ukusondelana nezimo zemvelo akuzange kuholele empumelelweni.
Naphezu kokuhlonishwa kwabantu baseChina ngalezi zinkulunkulukazi zasemfuleni, abakwazanga ukubukeka kahle. Ngokungangabazeki, izinguquko ezimweni zezulu zadlala indima kulokhu, kepha ukungcoliswa kwemifula, ukudonswa komhlaba kanye nokuncishiswa kokuphakelayo kubeka "iphuzu lamafutha".
Ukuqothulwa
Ihlengethwa lomfula waseChina lanyamalala ngokushesha kakhulu: ngonyaka we-1950, abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane eziyisithupha bahlala emanzini aseYangtze, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka engama-20 kwase kukhona amakhulu ambalwa kubo.
Isizathu salokhu yindlala esabekayo eChina, lapho ama-dolphin ayezingela inyama. Ukuqubuka komnotho okwalandelayo nakho akuzange kulethe okuhle nge-baiji. Umthelela emfuleni kanye nezakhamizi zawo wabe usuba mkhulu: ukungcoliswa kwezimboni nomsindo, ukuthunyelwa, ukwakhiwa kwamadamu. Ukudoba okusebenzayo nakho kuyathinteka: izilwane ezincelisayo zasemanzini ezivaleleke emanetheni, zibulawa yizinti zokudoba ngogesi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-2006, uhambo olwaluhlelwe ngokukhethekile alutholanga dolphin elilodwa lomfula waseChina eYangtze.
Imizamo yokulonda ukubuka
Kuyiqiniso, ososayensi bazama ukugcina izinhlobo zezilwane ezisengozini, kodwa esimweni sodonga lomfula waseChina, impumelelo ayitholakalanga. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinhlobo zezilwane zivikelwe futhi zibhalwe kwiNcwadi ebomvu, azikho neze izilwane emvelweni. Ubufakazi bamuva nje bokuhlangana kwabadobi nalolu hlobo lwamahlengethwa batholwa ngonyaka we-2004. Ngo-2007, kwathunyelwa umkhankaso wokuqoqa inani elithile labantu abathandana nabobulili obuhlukile (cishe izilwane ezingama-25). Lokhu kungavumela ukuzala ekudingisweni futhi kubuyise ingxenye yabantu. Kepha ukuphuma kwabuya kungaphethe lutho. Imishini yanamuhla ayilungisanga i-baiji. Lokhu kuholela esiphethweni esidabukisayo: inani labantu abadlala imifula sebephelile futhi ngeke bakwazi ukulivuselela. Kuyadabukisa ukubona lokhu, kepha kusukela ngo-2007, ihlengethwa lomfula waseChinese laqashelwa ngokusemthethweni njengohlobo lokuqothuka.
Ubani igama elihlotshaniswa
Abantu bendawo babiza lomfula okuthiwa i- "baiji". I-dolphin yase-China emfuleni inezinhlawulo zesimo esibi kakhulu, esifana nefulegi. Lokhu yilokho okunikeze igama lesibalo kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane. Igama lesayensi lezinhlobo yi-Lipotes vexillifer. Kubandakanya imiqondo emibili. I-Leipo isho ukuthi "ukhohliwe" bese i-vexillifer isho "ophethe iflegi". Njengoba ubona, ososayensi babuye basebenzise izinhlangano zangaphandle lapho bekhetha igama ngezinhlobo ezincane zezilwane ezincelisayo.
Bheka incazelo
Ummeleli wamanzi amnandi whale ofakwe emanzini, i-dolphin yaseChina, uyisilwane esikhulu. Ubukhulu bomzimba obhalwe phansi obukhulu kakhulu bungamamitha ayi-2,5. Futhi ubude obuncane bomuntu obudala babuyi-1.5 m. Isisindo sesilwane esidala singasukela ku-100 kuye ku-160 kg. Ukuchazwa kweDolphin akuchazwanga kakhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izinsikazi zalolu hlobo zinkulu futhi zidlula usayizi wesilisa. Umzimba wamahlengethwa umkhulu futhi unosizi. Intamo iyasebenza ngempela. Amaphinifa we-pectoral anesisekelo esibanzi, kepha anqunywa ngembazo emaphethelweni. Ifulegi le-dorsal fin liphakathi ngosayizi, linamasheya kahle ngaphambili nangemuva emuva. Itholakala hhayi phakathi komhlane, kepha eduze komsila.
Ekhoneni lesinyamazana kukhona ipheshana lokuphefumula elinama-oval. Kusetshenziswe ngakwesokunxele kwesikhungo. Kunzima ukubona ihlengethwa lomfula waseChina. Amehlo akhe awakhuli kahle futhi akabi kahle isikhundla. Zitholakala phezulu ekhanda, okunciphisa i-angle yokubuka.
Ingxenye yangaphansi yesigaqo sobuchopho ibizwa ngokuthi yi-rostrum, incane futhi inde. Igoba kancane ibheke phezulu futhi ifana noqhwaku lomqhele. Umhlathi ongenhla unamazinyo ambalwa kunaphansi. Isibalo esikhulu ngaphezulu singamazinyo angama-68, kanti emazinyweni angama-72.
Akunakwenzeka ukubhala incazelo dolphin ngaphandle kokucacisa umbala wesilwane. I-Baiji iyi-hue ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isisu ezilwaneni simhlophe. Yize abanye abazibonele bethi umbala ulula kakhulu kunencazelo esemthethweni. Basho ukuthi i-dolphin yase-China yomfula icishe imhlophe.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezilwane
Imvamisa, lolu hlobo lwamahlengethwa omfula ayetholakala eMfuleni iYangtze. Uma ubonile ukuthi ubukeka kanjani uMfula iYangtze emephini, ungacabanga ukuthi kungakanani lokhu kungukuthi umthambo ugeleza ugcwele futhi unwebekile. Ubude bawo bungaphezu kwama-6300 km, kepha lokhu akuzange kusindise amahlengethwa omfula waseChina esengozini yokuqothulwa. Ngesinye isikhathi, lezi zilwanyana ezincelisayo zazitholakala eQiantang (emfuleni) naseLakes Dongting nasePoyanghu. Umuntu oyedwa wabonwa endaweni yaseShanghai.
Izinhlobo eziphilayo ziphila kanjani nokuthi zidlani
Ukutadisha indlela yokuphila yalolu hlobo kunzima kakhulu. Ngenxa ye-paucity, cishe akukho lwazi. Kuyaziwa nje ukuthi ama-dolphin omfula ahlala ngababili futhi athanda imilomo yomfula kanye namanzi asogwini angasogwini. Ngokunokwenzeka, lesi yisona sizathu sokukhula okungatheni kwezitho zombono ezinhlotsheni. Amanzi lapha ahlala enamafu, ngakho-ke amehlo awasizi ngalutho, kufanele uthembele echolocation.
I-dolphin yase-China yomfula ihola indlela yokuphila yasemini. Ebusuku, uya ezindaweni ezinenqubo ephuthumayo yokuphumula.
Ekudleni kwesilwane ezincelisayo, izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-eels, ama-catfish kanye ne-shellfish. Ekuzingeleni, isilwane sisebenzisa uqhwaku olude. Ngosizo lwayo, dolphin igaya inyamazane kusuka kusilika. Ukuchoboza amagobolondo aqinile, isebenzisa amazinyo ahunyushwe ngokukhethekile kulezi zinhloso.
Ngesinye isikhathi, amahlengethwa omfula ahlangana ngamaqembu. Iqembu elinjalo lingaba nabantu abathathu, futhi lingaba izilwane eziyi-15. Kepha lezi zindlela akuzona ezesikhathi eside.
Ukuzala
Kunolwazi oluncane kakhulu ngokuzalaniswa kwamahlengethwa omfula waseChina. Ososayensi benza ukuqagela ngokususelwa kuzinhlamvu zedatha abanazo ezandleni zabo. Abesifazane abachazi kakhulu. Ziletha iwundlu elilodwa lilinye futhi hhayi ngaphezulu kwesikhathi esisodwa njalo eminyakeni emi-2. Kungenzeka ukuthi isikhathi sokukhulelwa yizinyanga eziyi-11. Izinkomo zizalwa zibuthakathaka kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, umama waphoqeleka ukuba abagcine behlangene ngamawele akhe.
Ukuthomba ngqo akukaziwa. Ngokwokucabanga, lokhu kungenzeka phakathi kweminyaka emithathu kuya kweyisishiyagalombili.
