Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Enye yezinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke e-Eurasia (naseRussia), ubude bomzimba wezindlela zezwekazi ngu-8-10 cm, isisindo singu-7- 12 g, amaphiko okuyi-cm 15- 17 cm. Inyoni encane ephathekayo enesimo somzimba ingumzimba ocwebile, uqhwaku olude oluncane, amaphiko ayindilinga amafushane , umsila ophakamisiwe omfushane lapho i-wren inyakazisa ngawo. Amagama athandwayo - "ukubamba imbala", "i-nati", "i-hazel", "umsila umsila" - abonisa izici zokubonakala nokubukeka kwale ntandokazi yezinyoni.

Incazelo. Umbala ojwayelekile ungaphansi, ulula ngaphansi, unemithi emnyama edlulayo emaceleni, esiswini, emuva, ngamaphiko nomsila. Kukhona ishiya elikhanyayo. Akukho dimorphism yezocansi. Abancane (abasebasha re) anemibala kakhulu kunabantu abadala, obomvu ngokugqwala ngaphezulu, bane-scaly ehlukile kunephethini eguqukayo.

Vota. Ingoma eyinkimbinkimbi, enomsindo iqukethe ukushintshanisa ama-trill amahle aenziwa ngejubane elihlukile. Izingcingo, ama-alamu - ukuqoshwa okukhulu, ukuqhekeka komile.

Isimo Sokusabalalisa. Yakha okungenani izinhlanga ezingama-40 ezindawo, ahlukahlukene ngosayizi, umbala kanye nemvelo. ENyakatho Melika, kwasakazwa emahlathini ama-coniferous asuka eziQhingini zase-Aleutian, eningizimu ye-Alaska, eLabrador naseNewfoundland kuya eCalifornia, esifundeni iGreat Lakes, kanye nezintaba ze-Appalachian. E-Eurasia, ububanzi buhlukaniswe izingxenye zasentshonalanga nezasempumalanga. Ihlala cishe yonke iYurophu ukusuka ehlathini-tundra kuya eMedithera, futhi kuhlala amahlathi asezintabeni asenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Afrika. Empumalanga, endaweni efudumele ifinyelela e-Urals, eningizimu kuhlala izintaba zaseCrimea, iCaucasus, i-Iran, iNtshonalanga neCentral Asia kuze kufike eTien Shan, entshonalanga neHimalaya. Ingxenye esempumalanga yebanga ihlanganisa empumalanga yeRussia ukusuka eLake Baikal naseningizimu yeYakutia kuya eKamchatka, e-Commander naseKuril Islands, eSakhalin nasePrimorye. Eningizimu kuhlala iJapan, iTaiwan, iKorea, iningi lesifunda saseChina, ngaphandle kwezingxenye ezisentshonalanga, zingena ezigodini zingena ezindaweni ezishisayo zaseChina, zingena eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia.

Eningizimu yebanga, i-wren iphila impilo yokuhlala, isuka ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, iningi lezinyoni ziyahamba noma zindizela eningizimu ebusika, futhi ezintabeni zenza ukunyakaza okuma mpo. E-Russia yase-Europe, i-wren eseyonke iyinto evamile, indiza ebusika ibusika iye ebusika elinamaqhwa futhi engenalo iqhwa ebusika, kwenzeka eningizimu yesifunda unyaka nonyaka. Ezindaweni zokwakha izidleke emgqeni ophakathi uvela nezimbobo zokuqala ezisikiwe, ukuphuma kwalo kuyabambezeleka kuze kube sekumbozweni sekhephu, kutholakale izinyoni ngazinye ebusika.

Indlela yokuphila. Ithanda amahlathi agcwele imifudumezi enezinkuni ezifufusayo kanye ne-windbreak, eningizimu yebanga kutholakala kakhulu emahlathini ezihlahla enameva, ezintabeni kuyinto evamile ukuba ukubola okunyakamileyo kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-4 000. Iphinde igcwele kalula imvelo ye-anthropogenic. Isidingo esiyisisekelo se-biotope yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi nesendlalelo esingaphezulu esiminyene, lapho inyoni igcinwa khona ikakhulukazi. Imvamisa, izinyoni ezindala zihlala endaweni yazo yangaphambili (noma eyomakhelwane) unyaka nonyaka, izingane ezinonyaka wokuqala zifuduka kakhulu. Esizeni sakhe, owesilisa wakha izidleke eziningana “zokulala” lapho alala kuzo, ezinye zazo zingagcwalanga. Izidalwa ngokusobala zisebenza ukuheha izinsikazi.

Isidleke siyindlwana enkulu (ephindwe ka-3-5 inyoni) eyakheke eyindilinga noma eyindilinga eyenziwe ngotshani, ama-moss, izimpande, amaqabunga omile, enezindonga eziwugqinsi, umnyango oyindilinga oyindilinga nothayela, ovame ukufakwa ezintanjeni zezimpaphe, iziqu ezondile ze-moss. Izilokazana zitholakala ngaphansi komhlabathi (imvamisa zingabi ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-5) endaweni yokuqhuma komoya, isihlahlana esiminyene, izidalwa zotshani obomile, phakathi kwama-inverts. Ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi igcwalisa enye yalezi zidleke bese ibekela amaqanda lapho.

Ezindaweni eziningi, i-wren ibonakala ngohlobo lwe-polygyny, olwenzeka lapho izingxenye zezinsikazi ezingama-2-3 zitholakala lapho zitholakala (zigcwele noma ziyingxenye) endaweni yesiza esikhulu sowesilisa. Kule ndawo, enye yezinsikazi isingaqedela ukwakha isidleke ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda, enye - ukufaka amandla okugcwala, okwesithathu - ukondla izingane. E-clutch kunamaqanda afinyelela kwayi-10, amhlophe ngetafiki elimnyama noma eligqobekile (kwesinye isikhathi ngaphandle kweshashini). Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-14 - 15, ukondla amachwane esidlekeni - izinsuku eziyi-16-18. Owesilisa akaguquki; ukubamba iqhaza kwakhe ekondleni kungabonakala ngezinga elehlukile. Kwesinye isikhathi owesilisa uzondla ngokuzimela izingane, kanti insikazi iqala ukubekwa okusha.

Usizo lwe-Nesting luyathuthukiswa - amachwane asekhulile avela esihlokweni esedlule kwesinye isikhathi asiza abazali ukondla okulandelayo. Ekuzuleni nasekufudukeni, i-wren ayakhi imihlambi; ivame ukufuduka ebusuku.

I-Wren (Ama-troglodyte troglodytes)

Indawo

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-wrens okuqala avela endaweni yaseNyakatho Melika. Lapha inani labo likhulu kunawo wonke, futhi imiphumela eminingi yokutholakala kwemvelo yeseka lo mbono. Kepha njengoba isimo sezulu kule planethi sivame ukuguquka, eminye imindeni yalezi zinyoni inqume ukuthuthela kwezinye izindawo ezinhle. Ngenxa yalokhu, ibanga lalezi zinhlobo likhule kakhulu. Namuhla, inyoni ye-wren (izithombe ezithathwe ososayensi, lokhu ngokuqinisekile) ihlala cishe kulo lonke elase-Easia, eNyakatho ne-Afrika nengxenye encane yaseNingizimu Melika. Izakhamizi zaseRussia nazo zingakujabulela ukucula kwayo okuhle, ngoba endaweni yakithi inani labo likhulu kakhulu.

Ukubukeka

I-Wren inyoni encane kakhulu. Ngisho nabantu abakhulu kakhulu kuyaqabukela bekhula ngaphezu kwama-10 cm ubude. Futhi uma sikhuluma ngezingane, zingakwazi ngisho nokungena esicambeni esincane. Kuyo yonke iRussia, uhlobo olulodwa lwenyoni olunosayizi omncane kakhulu womzimba - luyinqolobane. Olunye uphawu lwe-wren umsila. Siqukethe izimpaphe eziningana ezinamathela cishe ngokuqondile. Ngokuqondene nombala, abesilisa nabesifazane banephunga elimnandi, lesifuba. Kungenxa yombala ongafani nalokhu ukuthi abaningi abazi ukuthi i-wren ibukeka kanjani. Le nyoni ihlangana nemvelo futhi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyiphawula.

Habitat

Lokhu ukubukeka okungajwayelekile kakhulu. Kukulungele ngokulinganayo ukuhlala ogwadule, kanye nokuhlala emahlathini ashisayo. Njengendawo yokukhosela, i-wren isebenzisa indawo engaphansi, izihlakala zefern, izihlahla ezincane notshani. Futhi uma kungenazitshalo eziminyene esifundeni, imvuthuluka ezinamaphiko ingahlala kumaminki amancane noma emaphethelweni amadwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-wren iyinyoni ejwayele indlela yokuphila yokuhlala. Ngisho nasebusika obunzima, ukhetha ukuhlala ekhaya. Isomiso nendlala okuhlala isikhathi eside kuphela ezingenza ukuthi indize iye kwamanye amazwe. Kuyiqiniso lokho, kukhona okuhlukile: izikhombisi-ndlela ezimbili noma ezintathu zaseMelika ze-wren nokho zindizela ezimpini ezifudumele ngokuqala kobusika.

Umsoco

I-Wren iyinyoni emangazayo. Kepha, inikezwe ngosayizi wayo, ayikwazi ukugwinya yonke inyamazane. Noma kunjalo, isisekelo sokudla kwakhe ukudla kwezilwane. Ngakho-ke, ama-wren adla ngentokozo izimbungulu ezincane, izibungu, izimvemvane namabhu. Uma kukhona ichibi eduze, khona-ke lo mbumbulu ongabamba inhlanzi encane kuwo. Lapho kuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sokuqala, ukudla kwenyoni kuyashintsha, ngoba zonke izinambuzane ziyacasha kumaqabunga asondele. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-wren ifuna imbewu yamabele, amajikijolo ekwindla, nezimpande. Futhi uma ubusika bunzima kakhulu, izinyoni zingasondela kubantu futhi zintshontshe ukudla okusele kuzo.

Umakhi onekhono

Ukwakhiwa kwezidleke kuhlala kungowesilisa. Njengendoda yangempela, isondela ngokucophelela kule nqubo. Ukubutha amagatsha nemoss esifundeni sonke, wakhe isidleke esiyindilinga ngomgodi oyindilinga wokungena. Isidleke sigobele phansi kwekhaya elizayo ngezimpaphe zalo futhi phansi, ngakho-ke kuhlala kufudumele futhi kuthokomele kulo. Kuyamangaza, kodwa muva nje, ososayensi bafunda ukuthi i-wren ifihle imfihlo emangalisayo. Izithombe ezithathwe yikhamera efihlekile zikhombisa ukuthi owesilisa ofanayo uhlala avela eduzane nezidleke ezimbili ezikude komunye nomunye. Ukuqhubeka nokufunda, ama-ornithologists athola ukuthi abesilisa abagcini ekwakheni isidleke esisodwa kuphela. Ngakho-ke, lapho sebeqedile ukwakhiwa kwendlu, ngokushesha benza umsebenzi omusha. Kepha lokhu kuyadingeka ukuzeheha abesimame abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ukuxutshwa nokubopha

Ngokuqala kukaMashi, inyoni ye-bird, izwi layo elihlala lisakazeka njalo, liqala ukucula kakhulu. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi abesilisa bakulungele ukumema izinsikazi esidlekeni sazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho likhalela izwi lamanenekazi lizwakala, likhulu ithuba lokuthi intokazi indize kuye. Ngemuva komdanso omfishane wokumelana, ngokushesha bandizela esidlekeni esiseduze. Lapho, umama osemncane ekugcineni ubeka indawo encane yamaqanda ama-5-7. Kulokhu, abesifazane bodwa bayabopha inzalo, kanti abesilisa ababodwa ngezikhathi ezithile abazilethela ukudla. Ngenhlanhla, emavikini amabili kuvela amantshontsho okuqala.

Isithembu esimangazayo sama-wrens

Ngenkathi insikazi ihleli emaqandeni, owesilisa angabukeka ngokuthula afune umbhangqwana omusha. Ikakhulu, ngokunembile ngenxa yalokhu, uzakhela izidleke eziningana ngasikhathi sinye. Kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufike eqinisweni lokuthi indoda eyodwa enensa inganciphisa ngokuthoba amantombazane angama-3-4. Yini iqiniso, ukuziphatha okunjalo akuvamile. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwesithembu sabo, izinyoni zihlala zisiza izinsikazi ukuthi zondle izingane zazo. Bakwenze lokhu kaningi njengoba abangane babo bangafuna, nokho abesilisa benza umsebenzi wabo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ososayensi baqaphela iphethini ehlekisayo: i-wren yokuqala yowesifazane ithola ukunakwa nokunakekelwa okuningi kunawo wonke amanye “amakhosikazi” ahlanganisiwe.

Nginamahloni okuvuma, kepha kuze kube muva nje i-wren ibiyinyoni engafakwanga ngokuphelele - angikaze ngizwe izingoma zayo

Ngangihamba emaphethelweni edolobhana futhi kungazelelwe ngivela ohlangothini lwenqwaba yezinkuni ezihlanganisiwe eduze kocingo lwe-wattle, ngezwa isililo esiyingqayizivele, singazi nakancane kimi kuculwa inyoni. Uhlobo oluthile lwenyoni yakhala, yethula umkhondo wokukhala futhi yathula. Kwakungathi kukhona umuntu ozama izwi labo, athathe imisindo abeke athule. Kamuva ngabona ukuthi kunjalo wren.

Kuyamangaza. Ngaleso sikhathi esingenakuphikiswa, lapho iqhwa lilele ngokujulile okhalweni futhi isithwathwa asixoleli - ingoma yezinyoni? Futhi hhayi i-bullfinch ethile, eyaziwa yiwo wonke umuntu, kepha enye into, engajwayelekile ... ngandlela thize ingoma yakhe ifana nokugcwala kwe-canary yethu yegumbi - amadolo afanayo, ukugcwala okufanayo, kufushane kuphela futhi kunesizotha.

Ngaleso sikhashana ngabona inyoni eyinqaba uqobo lwayo - ingane enombala obomvana enomsila ikhuphukile yayihleli endaweni eyisitshudeni esegangeni elomile, iphakeme ngaphezu kwenqwaba yamaqabunga awileyo, icula. Eqedile ukuqeda, wavele wangena ebumnyameni, ngobuhlakani nangejubane, igundane lanyakaza emagatsheni asontekile futhi labheka ngakolunye uhlangothi.

Ngibuhlungu. Hawu, dodger! Ngingakhohlwa kanjani nge-wren, mayelana ne-Far Eastern midget-skak yethu? Kuliqiniso, akatholakali, futhi, ngaphandle kwalokho, uyakwazi ukucasha ngekhono lapho kunezivunguvungu zomoya, phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla nezinqwaba zokhuni, ongeke ube nesikhathi sokuphuma. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani i-wren ingaziwa kangako ngabantu.

Ngemuva kokuqikelela ukuthi isivakashi esingamenyiwe simile endaweni yaso futhi singacabangi ukuhamba, i-wren ijabule ngokweqile: "umkhaza, ubuhlakani, ubucaphucu!" Yebo, kushesha kakhulu, njengokungathi kukalwe. Ngaso leso sikhathi, wavuma ngekhanda ngenkani futhi waphonsa umsila wakhe omfishane, ophakeme kakhulu, cishe ngemuva kwakhe.

Ukudinwa okhathazayo kungekudala kwaphela - lo mculi omncane waphinda futhi wangena emfucumfucwini yamagatsha futhi akazange abuye futhi. Akunandaba ukuthi ngangilindele okungakanani, akakaze avele. Kubi! Bengifuna ngempela ukubuka lokhu kukhuphuka, ngoba ngokwejwayelekile kubamba iso lakho. Yebo, futhi nengoma ye-wren ngiyizwile okokuqala. Angikholwanga nje ukuthi imisindo engaka ingaqhamuka esifubeni salokhu, ngesithungu, ingane!

16.05.2017

I-Wren, noma i-nutlet (lat. Troglodytes troglodyte) - inyoni encane enkuku enephimbo elinamandla eliqinile. Ukuhlabelela kwakhe phezulu kufana ngasikhathi sinye ama-lark, i-Nightingale ne-canary. Ngamakhono akhe okusebenza emazweni amaningi aseYurophu kubhekwa njengenkosi yezinyoni. Ungowomndeni wakwaKrapivnikov (Troglodydae) ovela kuma-Passeriformes we-oda.

Ukuzwa imiculo yomculi ecashe esihlahleni somuthi kuzwakala endaweni engaba ngamamitha angama-500. Eduze kwayo, ivolumu ingafinyelela ama-decibels angama-90, okufana nokusebenza kwendawo yokuhlanza noma ithamu elidlula. Ingoma iqukethe imisindo ecishe ibe ngu-130, yenziwa okhiye abahlukene abahlala kumasekhondi angama-4-7 kuma-frequency we-4000-9000 Hz. Abamele izakhamuzi zase-Yurasian nezaseJapan banezingoma eziyisithupha ezibalashuniwe ezidingweni zabo, kuyilapho abahlabeleli abahlala entshonalanga ye-USA benabalingisi abangaphezu kwama-30. Ochwepheshe babaqhathanisa nezingoma zejazz, umdwebi ngamunye azenza ngendlela yakhe.

Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nendawo yokuhlala

I-Wren itholakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo kuyo yonke i-hemisphere esenyakatho. Enyakatho, imingcele yobubanzi bayo ihlangana ne-isotherm kaJanuwari ngo -7 ° C, kuthi eningizimu badlule eNyakatho Afrika, eMexico, India, Bangladesh naseMyanmar. Ezingxenyeni ezingama-46 ezaziwa njengamanje eYurophu, munye kuphela ophilayo (T. t. Troglodytes). Izakhamuzi zaseNyakatho Melika nezaseNyakatho ne-Afrika zihlala phansi, ezinye zingabokufika kwesizini.

Le nyoni ihlala emathafeni nasezintabeni ezindaweni eziphakeme ngamamitha angama-4000. Ihehwa izihlahla, uthango, amathangi aminyene emahlathini, izingadi namapaki. Lapho kukhona izindawo zokukhosela ezifanele, izizwa imnandi phakathi kwezindawo zamasiko aseduze nemifudlana namachibi amancane. Uphatha umuntu ngaphandle kokwesaba, ngakho-ke angahlala endaweni yomqhele noma kwenye indawo eyakhiwayo.

Abantu baseNyakatho Yurophu bathuthela eCentral naseSouth Europe ukusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuLwezi babuye kusukela ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Izindiza zingaba semini noma ebusuku. Ubusika buvame ukwenzeka emahlathini aminyene noma emifuleni yezikhukhula.

Ukuziphatha

I-nut iyasebenza emini nasekuseni. Ushiya ubusuku bakhe ngemisebe yokuqala yelanga ahambe ayozingela. Ukhetha ukuphumula yedwa, uhleli emahlathini aminyene. Izimpaphe ziyahlanzwa ngesikhathi sokuphumula. Le nyoni izigcoba ngamafutha okuqukethwe yi-coccygeal gland, bese isula ngokucophelela uqhwaku olunesihlahla emagatsheni esihlahla. Kusetshenziswa utshani obunamanzi ukubhukuda. Ukugeza kwesihlabathi nelanga kuthathwa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukugeza ngamapulangwe akuvamile kakhulu.

Abesilisa banendawo futhi abakuthandi ukuba khona kwezincintisana esizeni sabo. Izinsikazi akuzona izingxabano. Bangakwazi nokuzalela endaweni eseduze komunye nomunye. Bakhombisa intshisekelo yezimpahla zabo kuphela ngesikhathi sama-feed ebusika. Ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila, izingane zihlangana ngemihlambi emincane.

Ebusika, lapho kubanda kakhulu, ama-wrens azama ukulala ndawonye, ​​aqoqe izinyoni ezingaba ngu-20 esidlekeni esisodwa, ebeka imisila yawo eceleni komngcele. Ngokuhlangana ubusuku obubodwa, zingandiza izinsuku eziningana zilandelana.

Ukuzala

Njengomthetho, imindeni yesithembu iyakhiwa, yize phakathi kwabesilisa kukhona nabasekeli abathandekayo besimo sobudlelwano benyumbazana. E-Europe Ephakathi, ukubumbana kokuqala kwenziwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli nasekupheleni kukaMeyi, kuthi okwesibili kube ngoJuni noma ngoJulayi.

Owesilisa ukhetha ngokucophelela indawo leyo yomndeni wakhe omkhulu wesikhathi esizayo. Ngemuva kokuthatha isinqumo sendawo, udonsa kanzima izinto zokwakha. Izindindana zitholakala kumamitha ayi-2 ezihlahleni nasemiseleni elahliwe phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla ezindala. Imvamisa zingaphansi kophahla lwezakhiwo ezindala noma ezindlini zezinyoni. Ama-Wrens futhi asebenzisa izidleke zangaphambili zezinsikazi, ondlunkulu, izimbotshana zasogwini, amadiphu ajwayelekile kanye nokusikwa.

Isidleke sinesimo esiyindilinga esise-ovini esinomnyango ohlangothini olulodwa, sinobubanzi obungaba ngu-13 cm nokuphakama okungafika ku-16 cm. Ubukhulu baso kanye nezinto ezisetshenziswayo ziyahlukahluka kusuka endaweni yesimo. Imvamisa yi-moss, amaqabunga omile, ama-ferns, iziqu nezimpande zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene. Lapho umsebenzi wokwakha usuwenziwe kakade, kufanele kusetshenziswe imvula emanzi. Ngemuva kokumiswa, izobamba ngokuqinile ukwakheka okufisayo.

Owesilisa uzakhela izidleke ezingafika kwezi-8 ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuzala, bese uqeda enye eyi-2-4. Lapho nje umsebenzi wokwakha uqediwe, uqala ukucula izingoma, eheha izintokazi. Bazwakalisa ukuvuma kwabo ukuthi baphethe umshado womshado onamaphiko amade amfushane nomsila omfushane. Kwesinye isikhathi owesimame obukekayo wenza sengathi abaleke, khona-ke umculi okhangayo uqala emva kwakhe.

Njengoba ebambe nesithandwa sakhe, ubuyela emuva nokucula kwakhe nge-brvura futhi ukhombisa ngokuziqhenya ngendlu yokuhlala ayakhayo. Umakoti umhlola ngokucophelela futhi ahlole amandla. Uma wayethanda izindlu, wehlisa umsila wakhe, obonwa yi-galiant gallant njengezimpawu zokutshelwa ngokushesha.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-6, insikazi ibeka iqanda lokuqala, bese kuthi nsuku zonke, iqanda elilodwa ngalinye, ngaphambi nje kokusa. Kwimashi eyodwa, zingaba yizicucu ezingama-5-8. Zipendwe nge-matte emhlophe namachashazi amancane ansundu. Ubukhulu bawo buyi-16,6 x 12,6 mm futhi inesisindo esifinyelela kuma-2 g. Ngemuva kokuthi iqanda lokugcina selibekwe, ukufukamela kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-14-18. Owesifazane ukhathazeka ngokudla kwakhe yedwa. Uma kwenzeka kulahlekelwe ukubumbana, kubeka enye.

Bobabili abazali bondla inzalo. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuthambekela kwabo kwabazali kuthuthukiswa kangangokuba baqala ukondla amachwane aseduze, i-titmouse, i-tit, i-linnet, undlunkulu kanye ne-scallop.

Amakati azalwa eyimpumputhe, enqunu futhi engenakusiza. Insikazi ithwala ishaladi lamaqanda ibanga elingamamitha angama-25 ukusuka esidlekeni, futhi uma kukhona ichibi eliseduze, bese liphonsa kuwo. Izinsuku ezinhlanu wenelisa indlala ngodoti, abese endiza ayofuna isikhashana nje ukudla. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaphuphu ayavula amehlo awo futhi kungenzeka angabi awodwa. Ngosuku lwe-8, baqala ukukhipha izingcingo zokudla okusobala okuphoqa ubaba onothando ukuba aqale ukondla izingane zakhe, kodwa lokhu ukwenze ngezikhathi ezithile nangokungajwayelekile.

Eminyakeni engu-14-16 yezinsuku, izingane ziphuma esidlekeni. Ngokudla okunempilo kanye nokungabikho kwengozi evela ezidlameni, indiza ingenzeka ngosuku lwe-11. Kusukela kulowomzuzu nguyise kuphela owondlayo. Balala ezidlekeni ezilahliwe futhi bavame ukuba yizisulu zamakati, ama-martens, amagundane nezimpungushe. Ukuthomba kuma-wrens kwenzeka ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila.

Izici zangaphandle

Umzimba uyindilinga, umdaka, ubude bawo bube ngu-9.5-11 cm. Isisindo esingu-7.5-11 g. I-Wingspan 14-15 cm. Umsila umfishane futhi ubanzi, uhlala ugcinwe ukhuphuke kancane. Bobabili ubulili banombala ofanayo.

Ingaphezulu linombala obomvu, futhi onsundu. Imisipha emnyama ihamba emzimbeni wonke. Intamo imfushane. Ikhanda likhulu futhi amaphiko amafushane. Umlomo omncane omude ufana ne-awl. Isihloko saso sigobe phansi. Imilenze ibomvana, inemisipha.

Ezinyoni ezincane, ingxenye engenhla yeplamu ipendiwe ngamathoni abomvu okugqwala, kanti ikhanda lihlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ezinsundu ezikhanyayo zinomngcele omnyama, ongekho kubantu abadala.

Isikhathi sokuphila se-wren esidlula iminyaka eyi-3-4, kanye nesilinganiso seminyaka eyi-6.

Incazelo nezici ze-wren

Wren - inyoni umzimba ominyene. Umzimba wesilwane ubukeka ujikeleza, ngoba ucishe ungabi natamo. Kubukeka sengathi kunamathiselwe ikhanda elikhulu neliyindilinga, lidlula. Umsila unikeza nokuqina komsila. Isikhathi eside 'akakhanyi'. Isikhundla esijwayelekile somsila wale nyoni siyabuyiselwa, ikakhulukazi uma ihleli. Lokhu kufihla futhi ubude bomsila.

Udwetshwe wren ngamathoni ansundu. I-Chestnut shades iyanqoba. Esiswini bayakhanya. Ngemuva kwenyoni ngamathoni angama-3-4 amnyama mnyama.

I-Wren inyoni encane kakhulu, incane kakhulu kunondlunkulu

Umbala nokubukeka kwale nyoni kufana nokwenyoni yomndeni wakwaSlavkov. Umehluko ukushoda kwamashiya amhlophe. NgesiSlavic zivezwa ngokucacile.

Enye into ehlukile ye-wren wulube. Lincane futhi ligobile. Kulula kakhulu ukubamba izinambuzane. Ama-midges amancane nezicabucabu ziyisisekelo sokudla kwale nyoni. Empeleni, yingakho i-wren ifuduka. Ukuze uhlale ubusika, udinga ukushintshela ekudleni amajikijolo nembewu efriziwe. UWren akahlehli, ekhonza ezweni elichichima izinambuzane unyaka wonke.

Wren use Izithombe ubukeka petite. Kodwa ubukhulu benyoni abuvamisile ukubanjwa. Eqinisweni, inyoni enezinwele icishe ibe yingxenye yobukhulu undlunkulu.

Amandla wezwi le-wren abukeka ngathi awahlukanisi isisindo sawo. Iqhawe lesihloko linokucula okunamandla, okukhulu. Izicupho zezinyoni zinamandla futhi ziyaqhekeka kancane, kuzwakala ngathi “iqhinga”.

Lalela ukucula kwe-wren

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

Indawo ayithandayo yeqhwa le-athikili lifihlwe esihlokweni sakhe. U-Ptah uvame ukucasha emahlathini wezimbungulu. Kodwa-ke, esikhundleni saso, umuntu onezinwele angasebenzisa ama-ferns, ama-raspberry, noma nje izinqwaba zokhuni lapho kuqhume khona umoya. Nguwren wakhe ofuna ihlathi eliqondile, elihlanganayo nelingxubevange. Kubalulekile ukuthi babe nokugcwala, ukushayisana komoya, konke okungcolisa insimu.

Izimpande ezikhiqiziwe, iziqu eziwile, izingqimba ze-brawwood kanye namathanga ezihlahla notshani kuyadingeka ukuze isifuba siphephele ezilwaneni eziyizidleke noma ezidlekeni. Ezindaweni ezingenakudlula, ama-passerines afihla ukubekwa kweqanda. Imfucumfucu ezungezile nayo isebenza njengezinto zokwakha izidleke. Babuswa yi-moss, amaqabunga, amahlumela amancane.

Uma kukhona iziqu, ama-wrens ahlala ezintabeni, nasezigodini, nasemachibini nasezigungwini, nasehlane. Labo abahlala esimweni sezulu esinokhahlo basindiswa ngokubandakanyeka kumakhaza. Izinyoni zidonsa abantu abaningana esidlekeni. Ukunamathela komunye nomunye, izinyoni zinciphisa ukulahleka kokushisa.

By endleleni, ingxenye yabantu abangama-wren ihola impilo yokuhlala. Izinyoni ezifudukayo zakha izidleke ezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Kodwa-ke, i-wren nayo ijwayelekile ngaphandle kweRussia. Ezinye izinhlobo zomndeni zihlala eMelika, e-Afrika, e-Asia, emazweni ase-Europe. E-Russia, ummeleli wohlobo lwe-passerine kuvela ngesikhathi esifanayo nge-thaw yokuqala yasentwasahlobo.

Izinhlobo zezinyoni

Ama-Ornithologists afaka abamele abangu-60 bomndeni we-wren. E-Russia, kuvame kakhulu. Ngobude, ikhula ibe amasentimitha ayi-10, enesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-7- 7. Amapheya ansundu ale nyoni abomvu. Imisinga eguqukayo iyabonakala ezinhlangothini ze-wren ezejwayelekile, futhi ngaphezulu kwamehlo kukhona ukufana kokuphequlula okukhanyayo.

EMelika, indlu wren ibusa. Likhulu kunokwejwayelekile ngamasentimitha angama-3-4 ubude. Abamele izinhlobo zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-13. Ubukhulu obuncane abuvimbeli izinyoni zasendlini ukuthi zikhuphukele ezidlekeni zezinye izinyoni nokubhubhisa amaqanda abo. Ikakhulu, ukubeka kwe-nuthatch kanye ne-tits kuyadliwa. Ihlushwa i-brownie nolunye uhlobo lwe-wren - olude-olunomsila.

I-wren ende enomsila, njengoba negama lisho, ihlukaniswa ngobude bomsila. Akufani "namabhulashi" amafushane ezimpaphe zezihlobo. Umbala weplamu nawo uhlukile. Cishe azikho izindwani ezibomvu kuwo. Imibala ebandayo ka-brown iyanqoba.

Kusekhona uStefensky i-shrubby wren. Uhlala esiqhingini saseStevens kuphela. I-Ptah ibonakala ngezinsimbi zamathoni ansundu-womnqumo nokungakwazi ukundiza. Amaphiko amancane enyoni encane kakhulu awukwazi ukuyiphakamisa emoyeni.

Kodwa-ke, ingabe uStephen Wren uyaphila? Abamele inhlobo yezinhlobo zezilwane abonwe isikhathi eside, futhi ngenxa yalokho babhekwa njengabanyamalala. Amakati alethwe kulesi siqhingi asolwa ngokufa kwabantu. Babambe zonke izinyoni, zehluleka ukundiza kude naboni.

Izinyoni zikaStefanu nazo zibizwa I-New Zealand wrensngoba isiqhingi saseStevens siseduze nolwandle lwaseNew Zealand. Kwake kwenzeka, ososayensi bathi, uhlobo lokuqothuka luhlala emazweni asemqoka ezweni. Kepha, ngekhulu le-19, amasimu akhethwa nguMāori.

UStephenno noma iNew Zealand Wren

Ngabo, abantu beza namagundane abizwa ngokuthi yiPolynesia. Useqagele owaqothula ama-shrubby wrens ezwenikazi lonke? Amagundane athola inyoni ezingenabhanoyi. Lokho imbangela yokufa kwama-shrubby wrens Cha. 1. Amakati "aminyanise" isimo.

Kukhona futhi nezinhlobo zezinganekwane ze-wren. Khumbula nje umdlalo wekhompyutha Wowhead. Ine echibini wren. Le nto eyingqayizivele ayifani nenyoni. I-Wren kulo mdlalo - imoto enikeza inkululeko emanzini nasendaweni engenamoya.

YINI UKUDLA

Ama-Wrens adla ikakhulukazi ngokudla kwezilwane: izinambuzane kuzo zonke izigaba zokukhula kwazo. Izimbungulu ezincane, izicabucabu, ama-aphid, izintuthwane, ama-bugs, kanye nezibungu zazo nepupae lezimvemvane - lezi yimenyu enkulu ye-wren. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nyoni idla iminenke emincane, izinhlanzi ezincane nemisipha. Ama-wrens efuna ukudla okuxakayo emathangeni wezimbungulu, izihlahlana, iziqhumane zomoya, zigijimela ezihlahleni. Ukudla kwale nyoni kufaka nenani lembewu, kanti ekwindla - amajikijolo ahlukahlukene. Izidleke ze-Wren zondliwa kuphela yizinambuzane.

LAPHO UKUPHILA

I-Wren iyinyoni ehlala ebangeni elikhulu. Itholakala engxenyeni ethile ye-Asia, eYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika naseNyakatho Melika.

Ama-Wrens ahlala emahlathini ashisayo namahlathi anezinhlwathi ezifudumele, ogwadule, ezixhaphozini nasezintabeni. Izinyoni zihlala ngaphansi kwesihlahla, izihlahlana, ama-ferns nama-amajikijolo, ngokuvamile eduze namanzi. Abanye abantu be-wren bahlala phansi, abanye bayizisulu noma bayafuduka (kuya ngezindawo abahlala kuzo). Ama-Wrens afuna ukudla emhlabeni noma ngaphezulu komhlaba. Ingozi enkulu kulezi zinyoni ezincane ebusika, ebusika bayiqhwa. Uma ebusika umhlaba umbozwe yiqhwa elijulile kakhulu noma iqhwa elinzima liqhubeka, khona-ke lokhu kuholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu - cishe ingxenye yabantu ababulawa yizinyoni iyafa.

Ama-wrens ayizinyoni ezincane, ngakho ngobusuku obubanda kakhulu alahlekelwa ukushisa okukhulu kunezinyoni ezinkulu. Ebusika, ezidlekeni, kuhlanganiswe ndawonye, ​​abantu abaningana bangachitha ubusuku bendawonye.

Ukusikisela

Amabhubesi abesilisa ahlala endaweni eyodwa unyaka wonke. Bacula kakhulu, baphawula imingcele yendawo yabo. Ama-Wrens acula kakhulu phezulu ekupheleni kukaMashi, ngenkathi ehambisa izintokazi nokwakha izidleke. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa wakhe izidleke eziningana zesiko, lapho owesifazane ekhetha khona lokho akuthandayo. Izidleke ze-Wren zivame ukutholakala ezihlahleni ezinzima eziminyene ngaphansi komhlaba. Ziyindilinga, zinomnyango oseceleni. Ehehwa ukucula kwesilisa, insikazi ikhetha isidleke esivumelana kunazo zonke futhi ibekele amaqanda kuyo. Owesifazane kuphela ofaka amaqanda. Owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi uvikela insimu noma, okwenzeka futhi, unakekela enye insikazi. Ngokushesha, amaqanda avela kwesinye sezidleke ezisele. Owesifazane ngamunye uzalela amaqanda kabili ngesizini, ngakho ama-wrens angabazali abakhulu. I-egg incubation ihlala cishe izinsuku eziyi-14-15.

Ezinsukwini eziyi-16-17 ezilandelayo, abazali bondla amachwane ndawonye, ​​kepha owesilisa undizela esidlekeni kaningi kunowesifazane. Lapho izingane ziphuma esidlekeni, insikazi idlulela endaweni yesibili.

QAPHELA IZIMBANGELA

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inyoni ijwayelekile kulo lonke i-Central Europe, akulula ukubona. I-Wren inyoni encane ansundu. Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obuncane nombala ovikelayo wezinsiba, le nyoni ifakwa kahle bushelelezi endaweni efihliwe futhi phakathi kwezinye izimila. Kaningi ungezwa ukuculwa kwe-wren. Entwasahlobo, le nyoni kulula ukuyibona ngokucula okukhulu, inhloso yayo ukubiza owesifazana bese uxwayisa izimbangi ukuthi le ndawo seyihlala manje. Owesifazane wesilisa ugijimisa umhlaba efuna ukudla nezinto zokwakha isidleke futhi uhlabelela phezulu. Kwesinye isikhathi uyama, akhuphukele esihlahleni noma ahlale esiqwini enze i-aria. Ingoma kaWren yinhle futhi kulula ukuyikhumbula. Ngale ngoma, ngendlela yokusebenza nangesila eliphakanyiselwe phezulu, kulula ukubona le nyoni. Ukudla kwe-wren kulinganiselwe, ngakho-ke kunzima kakhulu ukubenza bathunjwe. Ebusika, ama-wrens angondliwa ngokuthela ukudla kwezinyoni ezingavikelekile ku-feeders. Izinqwaba zemishanguzo kufanele zishiywe ezingadini - izinambuzane ziyofihla lapho.

Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO, UKWAZI.

• Kwesinye isikhathi ebusika obukhulu, ama-wrens angaba ngu-60 ahlala endaweni eyodwa, ahlanganiswe ndawonye.
• Izidleke ze-Wren ziphakeme ngisho nasezintabeni. Izidleke zakhona zatholakala ezintabeni zaseTibet endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-5500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ebusika, le nyoni itholakala ezindaweni zezintaba endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4500 ngaphezu kolwandle.

IZIPHUMA EZIQINISEKILEYO zikaWren

Izici zesici se-wren ubukhulu baso abancane nomsila ophakanyisiwe unamathela cishe ngokuqondile. Okunye okuphawuleka ngale nyoni ukuthi, njengegundane, ibubula emathangeni. Naphezu kosayizi omncane we-wren, izwi lakhe likhulu ngokumangazayo. Lokhu mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthi inyoni ihlala escebeni esikhulu. Abesilisa nabadala bezintokazi bagqoke imibala efanayo, umbala wezinyoni ezincane ulula.

Isidleke sihlelwe yi-wren yeduna (isidleke sikhulu impela uma siqhathaniswa nosayizi wenyoni uqobo). Insikazi ibekela amaqanda amahlanu noma ayisithupha esidlekeni.

- Indawo yokuhlala kwe-wren

LAPHO UKUPHILA

I-Wren itholakala eYurophu, eNyakatho Afrika, ezingxenyeni ze-Asia, naseNyakatho Melika. Lokhu kungukuphela kokumelwa komndeni okuhlala ku-New and the Old World.

UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA

I-Wren ingenye yezinyoni eziningi kakhulu eCentral Europe, yize iqiniso lokuthi inani labantu bakhona lincike ekutheni ubusika bukhulu kangakanani.