Umbuso: | Izilwane |
Uhlobo: | Chordate |
I-Subtype: | Ama-vertebrates |
Ibanga: | Izilwane ezihuquzelayo |
Isigcawu: | IScaly |
Isizinda: | Izinyoka |
Umndeni: | Vipers |
Subfamily: | I-Pithead |
Ubulili: | Moths |
Buka: | Ussuri muzzle |
- I-Agkistrodon caliginosus
- Agkistrodon ussuriensis
Ussuri muzzle (lat. Gloydius ussuriensis) - uhlobo lwezinyoka ezinobuthi zohlobo lweShchitomordnikov subfamily lomndeni we-pit viper of the viper.
Incazelo
I-Ussuri muzzle - izinhlobo ezincane kakhulu ze-muzzle ezihlala endaweni eyake yaba yiSoviet Union - ubude bomzimba wezinyoka ezindala ngokuvamile abudluli kuma-650 mm (kuyaqabukela ngaphezu kuka-680 mm), ubude bomsila buyi-80 mm. Ikhanda likhulu, umphetho we-muzzle ulinganiswe kancane. Cishe maphakathi nomzimba kunemigqa engama-21 yezikali (esikhundleni se-23-25 kwabajwayelekile ne-stony, enozwela no-Ussuri). Izithambeka zesisu zingama-145-166, amafulethi angaphansi kwe-caudal angamabili angama-37-51. Ipendiwe ngemibala emnyama - uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba lube nsundu noma lube nsundu ngezinto ezahlukene, kwesinye isikhathi cishe lube mnyama. Ezinhlangothini zomzimba, kusukela ekhanda, kukhona uchungechunge lwezindawo ezimnyama noma eziyindilinga ezinemiphetho ekhanyayo emnyama naphakathi. Maphakathi komhlane, izindandatho zezinhlangothi eziphambene zivame ukuhlangana. Ngaphesheya komngcele onesikhafu sesisu uchungechunge lwamabala ansundu noma amnyama. Isisu singwevu, sinamabala amancane amhlophe ngaphambili. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwekhanda ngephethini kanye nomucu omnyama obonakala ngemuva komnyama.
Indlela yokuphila
Ikhetha izindawo ezinomswakama emahlathini ama-coniferous-deciduous aseMpumalanga Ekude. Akuvamile ethekwini lolwandle, imvamisa itholakala ngasogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi, ayigwemi amasimu erayisi nemizana lapho izakhamizi zakule ndawo zibhubhisa imbumbulu noma izinyoka zifela ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto. Ku-biology yayo, i-Ussuri mollusk ifana kakhulu nedwala, lapho ihlala khona ndawonye ndawonye emadwaleni amatshe nasezihlabathini zolwandle ezinesihlabathi. Kumasayithi okugawula izingodo, lolu hlobo lutholakala kaningi kakhulu kune-stony muzzle. Ezintabeni zaseSikhote-Alin, ibanjelwa emaphethelweni amahlathi, ezindaweni ezivulekile, phakathi kwezihlahlana nasezintabeni zamatshe ezinamadwala, ikhuphuka ifinyelela endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1300 ngaphezu kolwandle. I-Ussuri mollusk inyoka ejwayelekile ezindaweni ezihlala kuyo, yenza iziqu zabantu abangu-17 ezindaweni zobusika (imvamisa ebusika kanye nesihlahla sezimbali). Ngokuqhathanisa ne-stony muzzle, amanani ayo kwezinye izindawo asephakeme impela.
Kusuka ezindlini zokukhosela ubusika, izimbambo zivela ngasekupheleni kukaMashi kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMeyi futhi zihlala eduze kwazo izinsuku ezingama-7 kuye kwezingu-20, emva kwalokho zihlale, kepha ekwindla zibuyela ezindaweni zobusika. Isikhathi sokusebenza siphela ngo-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Ebusika, ukushona kwezinyoka ezindala kuhlala njalo kungamaphesenti ama-4,5, kanti ukufa okuphezulu kakhulu kubhekwa kubantu abasebasha ebusika bokuqala nobesibili. Ukusinda kwezinyoka ezincane kuncike ekushiseni kwenhlabathi ekujuleni okungama-40-80 cm, lapho ebusika. Ubusika obuhlanganayo bulawulwa yi-stony muzzle.
Ukuhluma kwenzeka ngo-Ephreli - Meyi, futhi ngoSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, izinsikazi zizala ama-4 - 11 000 cubic-1-180 mm ubude ngesisindo somzimba ka-4-6 g. Abesifazane abaningi banomjikelezo wonyaka owodwa wohlobo lokuzala. Ngokusho kwedatha engaqondile, enyakatho yePrimorsky futhi, mhlawumbe, eThabeni laseKhabarovsk, lolu hlobo (kanye nesihlahla se-stony) lingaba nomjikelezo weminyaka emibili yokuzalanisa. ISchordomordniki ifinyelela ebusheni ngobude obungama-400 mm, mhlawumbe ngemuva kobusika besithathu. Ngaphambi kokusuka ukuya ebusika, izinyoka ezisanda kuzalwa zinesikhathi sokuncibilikisa izikhathi ezingama-5-6, ngokuqala kokuqhuma kuqhume ngemuva kwamahora angama-6 kuya kwayi-7, owesibili emva kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3.
Ukudla kwe-ussuri mollusk, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, kufaka ikakhulukazi amasele nezilwane ezincelisayo ezingavamile. Kepha ukwakheka kwezinto zokudla kuyehluka ngokuya ngosayizi wenyoka, indawo enabantu abathile nenani lezinyamazane. Angadla izinhlanzi nezinambuzane. Le inyoka ibhukuda futhi idonsa kahle futhi iyakwazi ukubhukuda iwele echibini lolwandle eduze kwesiteshi saseHasry.
I-Ussuri muzzle inezitha eziningi: lezi yizinyoni zezinyamazane (i-hawk buzzard, ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe, ikati elimnyama), iqhude elikhulu ne-jay, izilwane ezincelisayo ezinesikhumba esibi (inja, inja ye-raccoon, ikoloni ne-harzah). Inyama eyosiwe ye-mollusk yomiswa amaJapan namaKorea, futhi isetshenziselwa ukwenza umuthi. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, inyoka kanye nesele uFar Eastern, ufudu lwaseMpumalanga Ekude nezinye izinhlobo zaseFar East ziye zaba yinto yokuthumela kwelinye izwe ngokungemthetho.
Umnotho
Kuze kube muva nje, bekuthathwa njengendawo yokusekelwa kwempungushe yasempumalanga (uGloydius blomhoffii Boie, 1826), ebhebhetheka e-East Asia ezwebeni naseziqhingini zaseJapan. Manje ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengohlobo oluzimele lwe-monotypic. Ukulunywa kwesisulu kube buhlungu kakhulu kumuntu, kepha ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-7, ukululama okugcwele kwenzeka. Ukufa kokulunywa yilenyoka kucishe kungaziwa.
Ihlala kuphi i-muzzle yasempumalanga?
Lezi zinyoka yizakhamizi zase-East Asia, okuyiKorea, Japan kanye ne-East China, njengoba kufakazelwa yigama lalezi zinhlobo. Ezweni lethu, zitholakala eMpumalanga Ekude, entshonalanga - kuMfula i-Argun, nasenyakatho - kuya eMfuleni i-Amur.
Ezweni lethu, zitholakala eMpumalanga Ekude.
Amabhubhu ase-marsh aseMpumalanga akhetha izindawo zokuhlala ezimanzana kunamabhubesi ajwayelekile esi-muzzle.
Indawo abahlala kuyo amahlathi akude aseMpumalanga Ekude, amaxhaphozi nezimbila. Lezi zinyoka zingabhukuda futhi zishayele ngokuphelele. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka ngezikhathi ezithile, ama-muzzles awela imifula, ngisho nemikhondo yolwandle.
Abamele lezi zinhlobo bayathutha njalo ngonyaka, ngoba ezindaweni abahlala kuzo azikho izindawo zokugcina ebusika ezifanele. Zihlala ngaphansi komhlaba, kepha lezi zindawo akumele zibe yiqhwa futhi zigcwele amanzi omhlabathi noma omhlaba. Kulokhu, emihumeni, emifantwini emadwaleni nasemiseleni yamagundane kufanelekile. Njengoba zimbalwa izindawo ezinjalo, isibalo esikhulu sezilwane ezihuquzelayo (zombili izinyoka nezinyosi) sikhwela sivela kubo sivela ezindaweni zabo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, abanye abantu bezindawo ezisempumalanga kufanele banqobe izikhala ezifinyelela kumakhilomitha ayi-10. Kwindawo eyodwa yokukhosela kungaba nezinyoka eziyizinkulungwane ezimbalwa, kanti izifiki zezihlangu zasempumalanga zingaba ngamaqembu anjalo cishe ayizinkulungwane ezimbili.
Lezi zinyoka zidla izidalwa eziphilayo ezikwazi ukubamba.
Ngabe idlani laseMpumalanga lidlani?
Lezi zinyoka, njengabanye abaningi, zondla izidalwa eziphilayo ezikwazi ukubamba. Kepha njengoba imvelo esemqoka yesiqi seMpumalanga Ekude iyindawo ezimanzi eduze kwamachibi, khona-ke phakathi kwezisulu zabo akuzona izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinhlanzi, ama-amphibians kanye nezibani zezibani. Kwesinye isikhathi amasele aba yisisekelo sokudla.
Lapho zifuna inyamazane, amabhu asesiswini asempumalanga asebenza kakhulu kunezinyoka; ngesikhathi sokuzingela athola izikhala ezibalulekile, amboze amabanga cishe amakhilomitha.
Izibungu zaseMpumalanga zizala izingane eziphilayo.
Ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwe-muzzle yasempumalanga
Ama-muzzles aseMpumalanga azala izingane eziphilayo. Njengoba lezi zinyoka ziphila ezimweni ezinzima, ukuzalwa kwenzalo kususa amandla amakhulu kowesifazane, futhi ngenxa yalokho abahlanganyeli ngokuzalanisa unyaka nonyaka. Lapho insikazi ingazalanga, izingela ngenkuthalo, ikhule isisindo, ngakho-ke ilungiselela isizini ezayo. Lapho izinsikazi zizala, azidli. Izinsikazi zilethi kungabi ngaphezu kwe-10 cubs. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zifinyelela kubude bamasentimitha angama-20. Uma ubusika bunokhahlo, khona-ke cishe ama-94% ezinsizwa angashona khona ngqo ezindlini zokukhosela ebusika.
Ubuthi obuse-muzzle yasempumalanga benza kanye nakokwejwayelekile.
Izitha zemvelo zesizulu esisempumalanga zingamabheji, izinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni, ama-martens nezinja ze-raccoon.
Ubuthi obuse-muzzle yasempumalanga benza kanye nakokwejwayelekile. Ubuthi balezi zinyoka, njengabanye, busetshenziselwa izidingo zomkhakha. EKorea naseJapan, izimbiza zasogwadule zomile futhi zidliwe njengenyama yazo.
EMpumalanga Ekude, kunolunye uhlobo lwe-mollusk - i-mollusk ephakathi. Uma uqhathanisa nezinhlobo ezimbili ezedlule, inezici ezithile kumbala kanye nokwakheka kwesembozo. Ngaphandle kwezwe lethu, umuntu ophakathi nendawo ehlala isizalo uhlala eKorea. Indlela yokuphila yesibungu esiphakathi nesasempumalanga iyefana.
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