Ingulube Badger, Teledu (I-Arctonyx collaris) - ummeleli omkhulu we-badger subfamily: ubude bawo bomzimba bufika ku-55-70 cm, angabali umsila we-fluffy 15-centimeter, isisindo siyahluka kusuka ku-7 kuye ku-14 kg. Lesi silo sathola ingxenye ethi "ingulube" yegama layo umkhuba wokumba umhlaba hhayi kuphela ngozipho omkhulu oqinile, kepha futhi kakhulu njengokuhlafunwa kwengulube nengulube kanye nesigaxa eside. Ukubhalwa phansi kwezinhlobo eziyisithupha kwalolu hlobo kuyaziwa, kubandakanya A. c. albugularis - kusuka eningizimu yeChina, futhi A. c. i-leucolaemus - kusuka enyakatho yeChina.
Amawashi teledu amafushane futhi awugqinsi, ezimbonweni ezingaphambili ezinkulu zezinsikazi ezikhanyayo zenzelwe ukumba. Umzimba wakhe ukhuluphele, uminyene, ufiphele, ikhanda lakhe lishonile, lihleli kahle njengamehlo anamehlo amancane. Umbala webheji ophethe ingulube ucishe ufane nesihlobo sawo esivela e-Eurasia, umehluko othile obonakalayo. I-telecud yobude obuphakathi inezimpunga zoboya obumpunga noma obphuzi; okumnyama nokumhlophe ngaphambili. Ubuso uqobo bumhlophe kakhulu ngemithende emibili emnyama esuka ekhaleni, ngaphezulu kwamehlo nezindlebe kuya entanyeni. Imilenze, izinyawo nomzimba ophansi kumnyama. Umphimbo omhlophe - ngokungafani nebheji lase-Yuria, elinomphimbo omnyama. Umsila webheji ophethe ingulube lide, izimpondo zalo zangaphambili zinamahlaza amhlophe (amnyama kubheji lase-Yuria).
Habitat
Lolu hlobo luvame eSoutheast Asia: Bangladesh, India, Bhutan, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Indonesia, cishe. ISumatra. Ngoba teledu indawo enhlobonhlobo yezindawo zokuhlala iyisimo - amathafa anamahlathi, amahlathi e-alpine namagquma (i-teledu ikhuphukela kuma-3500 m ngaphezu kolwandle), izindawo zamahlathi, amahlathi ashisayo (amahlathi), amasimu wezolimo.
Umsoco
Ekudleni teledu kufaka phakathi: izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinambuzane, izimpande, izitshalo zezimpande nezithelo. Umuthi owuthandayo wezingulube zezingulube, yizimbokodo zemihlume, eziwugebha ngobungcweti zisuka phansi komhlaba ngosizo lwe-molars kanye nokufakwa umhlathi ophansi. Lezi zilwane zithola ukudla kwazo, zincike emvelweni okhule kahle, zixoshe izikelemu ngaphansi komhlaba.
I-Teledu clan = I-Arctonyx F. Cuvier, ngo-1825
Kunohlobo olulodwa kuphela: i-teledu, i-pig pig badger (i-hog badger) - A. collaris F. Cuvier, 1825. Abantu bendawo babiza ibheji yezingulube eChina "Zhu-huan" noma "huan-zhu", futhi e-Indonesia yaziwa njenge "pulusan".
Osayizi abaphakathi. Ubude bomzimba 55-70 cm, umsila ubude 12-17 cm. Isisindo 7-14 kg. Ukubukeka kukhumbuza ngandlela-thile ibheji, kepha isiphuzo sibanzi kakhulu, izandulelo zangaphambili zinokukhanya okukhanyayo okukhulu, okunogqinsi oluningi, umsila ubude. I-hairline iyivelakancane futhi inenkani. Umhlane ungombala ophuzi, onsundu noma omnyama. Ekhanda kukhona imivimbo emhlophe nemnyama. Izindlebe nomsila kumhlophe. Isisu nezinyawo zimnyama, umphimbo umhlophe. Izindlala ze-anal zakhiwe kahle.
Ihlala kuma-biotopes ahlukahlukene emathafeni nasezintabeni. Iyasebenza ebusuku. Ichitha usuku emifantwini yamadwala noma emigodini ejulile eyenziwe yibo. Omnivorous. Ngokuvamile kunamawundlu amane kwilitha.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezingulube zezimbiza ezingulube eSoutheast Asia futhi kufaka phakathi iBangladesh, India, iBhutan, iBurma, iThailand, iLaos, iVietnam, iCambodia, iMalaysia, i-Indonesia nesiqhingi saseSumatra. Lapha, i-teledu ihlalwa yindawo enhlobonhlobo yezindawo zokuhlala - amathafa anamahlathi, amahlathi alpine namagquma, izindawo zamahlathi, amahlathi ashisayo (amahlathi), namasimu ezolimo. Ezindaweni ezinezintaba, i-teledu ikhuphuka ifike kubude obufika kuma-3500 m ngaphezu kolwandle.
Isici esivelele kakhulu sokubukeka kwesibaya sezingulube ikhaleni layo elipinki elihamba nendlwana, elimbozwe ngezinwele ezikhexekile futhi lifana kakhulu nengulube yengulube, ngoba isilwane sinegama laso.
Umzimba wethole unesitobha, siminyene futhi sibhidlikile. Ikhanda libuye libonakale liguqekile futhi linesimo esibonakalayo. Amehlo akhiwe lapha ahlukaniswe kabanzi futhi mancane ngokwanele, okukhombisa ukungaboni kwawo okuhle. Amaphayi amafushane futhi awugqinsi. Ngasikhathi sinye, izindwani ezinkulu zokukhanya zivumelaniswe kahle nokumba kukhula ezinhlamvini zangaphambili. Umsila mude.
I-Teledu isilwane esiphakathi nendawo. Ubude bomzimba wakhe nekhanda lakhe buyi-55-70 cm, ubude bomsila buyi-12-16 cm. Isisindo sezilwane zabantu abadala sisukela ku-7-14 kg.
Uboya bumpunga noma nsundu onsundu yobude obuphakathi. Amabhande nezindunduma zenkonyane zingwephuzi ophuzi, amabala angaphambili nangemuva amnyama. Umzimba ophansi, imilenze nezinyawo kumnyama. Isizalo simhlophe ngemithende emibili emnyama esuka liphume ngaphezulu ngokusebenzisa amehlo nezindlebe iye entanyeni. Kukhona amabala amnyama namhlophe ebusweni bembethi yengulube. Umphimbo, intamo nezindlebe kumhlophe.
I-Teledo ngaphezulu kobubanzi bayo ihola indlela yokuphila yobusuku. ENdiya, kwesinye isikhathi kuyabonakala futhi ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Emini, i-telecud ifihla ukushisa nezitha ezingaba khona emgodini obumbiwe noma isebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zokukhosela okungokwemvelo (i-voids ngaphansi kwamatshe, ukudonswa kwamagatsha emibhedeni yomfula, njll.). E-China, inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi liwela emahoreni angaphambili: kusuka ku-3 kuye ku-5 ekuseni nakusihlwa amahora - ukusuka emahoreni ayi-19 kuye kwangama-21.
Izitha zemvelo ngaphandle kwabantu zingamakati amakhulu: amahlosi nezingwe. Lapho ihlaselwa umhlaseli, ingwe yengulube izivikela ngokungenacala ngemikhonto yayo eqinile namazinyo anamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-telecad inesikhumba esinyene kakhulu, esivikela kahle emazinyweni ezilwane ezidlayo. Umbala ohehayo womzimba we-teledu futhi usebenza njengesixwayiso sokuthi umnikazi walesi sikhumba uyingozi ngokusobala futhi kungcono ukusishiya yedwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibi sengulube, njengamanye amasele, inezindlala ezinamakha ezifaka imfihlo engenamfihlo.
Amabhulukwe engulube ahola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, njengoba esikhathini esiningi bahlangana kanyekanye. Futhi ngabesifazane kuphela abahlangana ngamaqembu amancane lapho behlafuna ukudla nezingane zabo eduze komhume.
Isisekelo sokudla kwe-teleda ngama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene (ama-Earthworms, izibungu zezinambuzane), izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izimpande zezitshalo ezimnandi, izitshalo ezimpande nezithelo. Amabhulukwe engulube athola ukudla kwawo ngenxa yokuzwa kwawo ukunuka. Izimpande nezilimo zezimpande, kanye nezilwane ezincane, kumbiwa izithole kusuka emhlabathini ngemilenze yangaphambili ihlome ngezihlakala eziqinile, kanye nezinto ezivuthayo zomhlathi ongaphansi.
Ngokweminye imibiko, ezinyangeni ezibandayo kakhulu - kusuka ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari-Mashi, ithelevishini ingalala ubuthongo obusika, ngaleyo ndlela ibhekane nesikhathi esingesihle sasebusika ngokuya ngesimo sezulu kanye nokudla.
Isikhathi sokuphila komhlambi emvelweni asaziwa, kepha ekudingisweni baphila iminyaka eyi-14.
Ukuphinda uqambe kabusha kuyenzeka mhlawumbe ngoMeyi. Izinsikazi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyishumi zokukhulelwa zizala izingane ngoFebhuwari-Mashi ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngokusobala, i-telecenter inokubambezeleka ekwakheni imibungu. Imvamisa, i-teledu yowesifazane izala imidlwane engu-2-4 (ngokwesilinganiso 3). Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingu-58 g, kuthi lapho zizalwa zingaboni ngokuphelele futhi zisithulu. Ukucashiswa kuthatha izinyanga ezi-4, bese izingane ziguqulela edlelweni. Amabhulukwe amancane ezingulube afinyelela usayizi wesilwane esidala eneminyaka engu-7 kuya ku-7.
Inani lebheji lengulube yabantu alibalulekile: yize inani lendawo eNdiya naseVietnam liphanga kubo ngenxa yamafutha nesikhumba. Ngomsebenzi wayo wokumba, i-teleda ingenza ezinye izilimo ezilimazayo. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-telecenter ingaba ngumthwali wamarabi, kepha abukho ubufakazi obunokwethenjelwa balokhu.
I-Teledu ngaphakathi kwebanga layo incane ngenombolo futhi kwezinye izindawo isengozini yokuqothulwa. Ngakho-ke, eNdiya, le nhlobo ibhalwe ku-Red Book.
Njengamanje, abacwaningi bakhomba izingxenyana eziyisithupha zenyama yengulube ebomvu: I-Arctonyx collaris collaris - Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, spurs aseningizimu-mpumalanga yeHimalayas, A. c. umashiqela - iThailand, iVietnam, iNyakatho yeBurma, A. c. hoevi - ISumatra, A. c. i-leucolaemus - enyakatho yeChina, A. c. i-albugularis - I-Southern China, A. c. Consul - eningizimu Assam neMyanmar
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
I-Teledo noma i-badger yengulube (i-Arctonyx collaris) iyisilwane ezincelisayo kulolu hlaka lwamabheji. Igama lesayensi le-binomial lanikezwa lezi zinhlobo ngumuntu wezemvelo waseFrance futhi uGeorges-Frederic Cuvier ngonyaka we-1825. AmaBadger cishe avela e-Chinese Meles thorali ehlala kwi-Pleistocene yasekuqaleni.
Ividiyo: Ucingo
Izinhlobo zesimanje zivela ku-Middle Middle Pleistocene. Ukuqhathanisa okukhona phakathi kwezinsalela nezinsalela eziphilayo kukhombisa ukuzivumelanisa nokwenzekayo okuqhubekayo kokumangalisayo. Kwesinye isikhathi amathambo esibi angatholakala ezingqekweni kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala kakhulu ngenxa yemikhuba yokuwohloka kwesilwane. Lezi zilwane zazinobubanzi obukhulu kakhulu kwabanenhliziyo eshisayo yaseYurophu nase-Asia. Kwakunengxoxo eningi ngokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo. Kukhona umehluko ngokwezindawo phakathi kwabantu abavela ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zobubanzi ekwakhekeni kogebhezi, i-morphology yamazinyo okuqala engaphambili nokubekwa uphawu kobuso.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izindatshana zase-Europe nase-Asia zisezinhlotsheni ezihlukile, umngcele phakathi kwazo nguMfula iVolga.
Ucwaningo lwe-genetic lwe-mitochondrial DNA lubonisa ukwahlukaniswa kokuhlukahluka okubili ezinhlangothini zombili zeVolga, kepha isikhundla sawo sangempela samatekisi asicaci. Ukuqhubeka nokufunda ngamazinyo esihlathini sabantu kulo lonke uhla kuqinisekisa lokhu kuhlukana futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi i-Arctonyx collaris ngempela iyinhlangano ehluke ngokuphelele.
Incazelo yePig Badger
I-Arctonyx collaris (ingulube yengulube) evela emndenini we-marten ihlala ibizwa ngokuthi ngumhlambi wezinkomo, okungalungile futhi okubangelwa yiphutha elenziwe isazi uVladimir Sokolov emsebenzini "Systematics of mammals" (uMqulu III). Eqinisweni, igama elithi "teledu" lingezinhlobo zohlobo lwe-Mydaus javanensis (probe smelly badger) kusuka kuhlobo lwe-Mydaus, olushiywe yi-Sokolov ngesikhathi sokuhlelwa.
Ihlala kuphi i-telecud?
Photo: Teledu ngokwemvelo
Izingulube zezingulube zitholakala ikakhulu eSoutheast Asia, ukusuka eSikkim nasenyakatho-mpumalanga yeChina kuya eThailand. Zitholakala endaweni engaphansi kweNdiya nesiqhingi saseSumatra, nasezifundeni ezisempumalanga zePalearctic. I-teledu akuyona uhlobo lokufuduka futhi kwakungekho bufakazi bokuthi bayizinhlobo ezisetshenzisiwe.
Le bheji ibhekwa njengejwayelekile kakhulu eThailand nasezihlathini zemvula ezihlala ziseduze nasezindaweni ezingamaTerai ezisenyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya naseMpumalanga yeBangladesh. Itholakala e-Indochina naseningizimu yeChina. Ukusatshalaliswa kwawo eMyanmar kubhekwa njengokungafani. Esiqhingini sase-Indonesia saseSumatra, i-teledu itholakala ikakhulu endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kuka-2000. EMpumalanga neMongolia kunomuntu oyedwa kuphela.
Ukucatshangelwa okubonakalayo kokuhlala kwe-teledu:
- i-teledu enkulu (A. c. collaris) - ihlala eMpumalanga Himalayas,
- i-teledu yasenyakatho (A. c. albogularis) - ibanga liseningizimu yeChina ngasenyakatho kweShaanxi,
- I-Chinese yengulube ingulube (A. c. Leucolaemus) - enyakatho neChina ukusuka eKansu kuya eZhili,
- ISumatran teledu (A. v. Hoevenii) - ihlala eSumatra,
- Indochinese (A. v. Dictator) - uhlala eningizimu yeThailand nase-Indochina,
- I-Burmese yengulube badger (A. v. Consul) - etholakala ku-Assam iya eMyanmar.
Lolu hlobo lutholakala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokuhlala: kusuka emahlathini aminyene (e-deciduous and evergreen) kuya “emaphandleni” angenalutho. Ububanzi buhlanganisa nezikhukhula eziphethwe ngotshani, njengeKaziranga National Park. E-Bangladesh, lesi silwane siyabonakala nasezivandeni zamtiye nakwezinye izindawo okungezona ezamahlathi. Izinga lokuhlaliswa kwangempela kwezindawo zokuhlala lingajwayelekile: Ucwaningo olungaguquguquki kuzo aluvamile, futhi ukubanjwa kwezilwane ezincelisayo akulona ubukhulu bohlobo lwalesi zinhlobo.
Indlela yokuphila, isimilo
Ibhegi yengulube iboshelwe emgodini wayo futhi ihola impilo exazululiwe, ayihambi iqhubekele phambili isuka ekhaya laphakade ngamamitha angaphezu kwama-400-500. Indawo yomuntu uqobo inyuka ngo-radius kuphela lapho kungekho kudla okwenele, ngenxa yokuthi inyamazane isuswa emgodini ngo-2-3 km . Ngokuchichima kokudla, izilwane zihlala eduze, zibe nezimbobo ethafeni elilodwa lomgodi. Imisele igaya ngokuzimela noma isebenzise okokuphephela kwemvelo, ngokwesibonelo, ukudonswa kwamagatsha emfuleni noma izikhala ngaphansi kwamatshe.
Kuyathakazelisa! Bachitha isikhathi esiningi emgodini: ebusika - hhayi usuku, kepha amasonto. Ezinyangeni ezinzima kakhulu (kusuka ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari - Mashi), amabhulukwe engulube awela emathanjeni, okuthi noma kunjalo, awugcineki isikhathi eside, njengamabheji amaningi, kepha kuthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa.
Emgodini wakhe wokumba uphila iminyaka, enwebeka, ejulisisa futhi enezela amafindo, okwenza kube lukhuni ngokwedlulele futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi: ukufaka esikhundleni sezindawo ezi-2-5 kuza nezimbobo ezintsha ezingama-40-50. Kuliqiniso, kunezimbhangqwana ezimbalwa zemigudu esemqoka ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo, ezinye zisesimweni sokubhuka, ezisetshenziselwa ingozi noma i-badger ezingena emoyeni omusha.
Amabhulukwe engulube athambekele ekuhlukaniselweni futhi imvamisa ahlahlela ukudla ngasikhathi sinye. Okuhlukile kungabesifazane abanamawundlu, baqoqa ndawonye idlelo eduze komfula.
Imbobo yebheji ihlanzekile ngokumangazayo - azikho izinsalela ezidliwayo (njengempungushe) noma indle. Ukulandela inhlanzeko yokuzalwa, isilo sihlomisa izindlu zangasese ezihlahleni / zotshani obude, njengomthetho, kude nezindlu.
Muva nje kuye kwavela ukuthi ibheji lengulube liphaphama hhayi kuphela ebusuku (njengoba bekucatshangwa ngaphambili), kepha futhi naphakathi nosuku. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inyamazane cishe ayibesabi abantu futhi, ngokungafani nezilwane eziningi zasendle, ayizukuhamba, ihamba ehlathini. Uhlwitha kakhulu, aphonsa ikhala lakhe phezu komhlabathi, futhi enza umsindo omningi lapho ehamba, okuzwakala ikakhulukazi phakathi kwamahlamvu owomile notshani.
Kubalulekile! Umbono wakhe mubi - ubona izinto ezinyakazayo kuphela, nokuzwa kwakhe kuyefana nokwomuntu. I-Orient esikhaleni esilwaneni kusiza umuzwa obukhali wephunga, owakheke kangcono kunezinye izinzwa.
Esimweni esizolile, lesi silwane siyabubula, sisesimweni sokucasulwa sikhononda ngokushesha, siphendukela endaweni yokubhoboza umoya lapho silwa nezihlobo noma sihlangana nezitha. Imbila yengulube ingabhukuda, kepha ingena emanzini ngesidingo esiphuthumayo.
I-teledu idlani?
Isithombe: I-Teledu evela encwadini ebomvu
Ama-Badger adla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokudla, ngokuya ngalokho okutholakalayo manje, kusuka ezitshalweni kuya kwizikelemu kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Ngakho-ke, i-teledo ibhekwa njengesilwane esimangalisayo. Angathola ukudla esebenzisa umhlaba wakhe wokumba ingulube, njengobuso bengulube. Kepha ngaphandle kwalokhu, i-teledu ingumnikazi wezinzipho ezibukhali kakhulu isilwane esizisebenzisela ukudla nokuvikela izilo ezidliwayo.
Umzimba we-teledu ufana nezingulube ezimathumbu ezimba emhlabathini zifuna izibiliboco ezidliwayo. Isilwane sinomqondo owakhiwe kahle wephunga futhi lokhu kukuvumela ukuba unuke kubude obukhulu, ngisho nangaphansi komhlaba. Bemba emhlabathini besebenzisa i-muzzle ephakeme, izisusa zomshunqangi kanye nezihlakala zomhlathi ophansi. I-Teleda idliwa izithelo, izimpande kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ukwelapha ayithandayo kakhulu yimisundu.
Ukudla kwe-teledu yile:
Amabheji ayahamba eyofuna ukudla kusihlwa, bese echitha bonke lo busuku enza lo msebenzi, futhi aphumule phakathi nosuku. Ukudla kwe-teledu akuqondakali kahle; ukucatshangelwa kususelwa ezicini ze-morphological kunolwazi oluqondile lokudla okunempilo. Ukuncika okuqinile kuzibungu kuchaza imodeli yokusebenzisa kwezilwane indawo yamanje.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Teledo, aka badger
I-Badger teledu - imifino ephathekayo ekhetha ukuba yodwa, ngaphandle kwezikhathi zokuzalela. Izilwane zihamba zodwa, kwesinye isikhathi zihamba amabanga amade. Basebenza ebusuku (ebusuku). Izingulube zezingulube zihlala zigobhoza emhlabathini ukuthola ukudla noma ukudala indawo eseceleni. Izindawo zokuhlala kwe-badger hog zichaza ingxenye encane yendawo lapho kungatholakala khona umthombo wokudla nendawo yokukhosela.
Ngaphandle kokuthi akukho lwazi olwaziwayo mayelana nosayizi oqondile wensimu ye-teledu, amabhuleki besifazane anebanga lekhaya eli-12,4 km 12.. Izinhlobo zokuxhumana zamabheji azicaci. Noma kunjalo, kucatshangelwa ukuthi basebenzisa izingcingo zokuxhumana nokukhulumisana besebenzisa amakha, njengoba kwenzeka kwezinye izinhlobo zomndeni womndeni wamabheji, ama-otter kanye nemisimbi.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ucwaningo lwamanje lukhombisa ukuthi i-teledu ingasebenza emini nasebusuku (ngaphandle kwezinsolo ezedlule zokuthi uhlobo alusekho ebusuku), ihlala phansi futhi ayixwayi kakhulu abantu.
Ama-Teledu anomlingiswa ongathandeki futhi oshesha ukuthukuthela. Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, abesilisa bazama ukuyeka umusi, balwa nabafowabo. Ama-skinish ama-Ominous ahambisana nephunga elibi lezindlala eduze ne-anus nokukhonjiswa kwamazinyo abukhali. Ukwemukelwa okufanayo kuqinisekisiwe kuwo wonke umuntu ongena emingceleni yendawo yakhe. Izidlakela ezinkulu kuphela ezinganqoba lesi sidalwa esiphikelelayo. Ekushiseni kosuku, amabheji avame ukucasha ezimbotsheni. Kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi, i-teledu hibernate.
Izinhlobo zePork Badger
Njengamanje kuchazwe izindawo ezi-6 zembala yezingulube, ezingafani kakhulu ngaphandle nangaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlala:
- I-Arctonyx collaris collaris - i-Assam, iBhutan, Sikkim kanye ne-spurs eningizimu-mpumalanga yeHimalaya,
- I-Arctonyx collaris albugularis - Southern China,
- U-Arctonyx collaris udictator - iVietnam, Thailand neNyakatho Burma,
- I-Arctonyx collaris Consul - IMyanmar ne-Assam eseningizimu,
- I-Arctonyx collaris leucolaemus - I-Northern China,
- I-Arctonyx collaris hoevi - ISumatra.
Kubalulekile! Akuwona wonke ama-zoologists abonisa okungu-6 okuhlanganisiwe kwe-Arctonyx collaris: abahlanganisi boHlelo Olubomvu lwe-IUCN banesiqiniseko sokuthi ibhagi yengulube ine-subspecies ezi-3 kuphela.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Encane Teledu
Kuncane okwaziwayo ngemikhuba yokuzalanisa ibhegi yengulube. Abesilisa baqala inkathi yabo yocansi ngaphambi kwabesifazane. Isikhathi sokuzala sithatha ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba, futhi isikhathi sokukhulelwa siyehluka kusuka ezinyangeni ezi-5 kuye kwezingu-9. Ngenxa yokulibaziseka kokukhulelwa, isikhathi sokuzala senzeka kuphela ngoFebhuwari noma ngisho noMashi, futhi isikhathi sangempela sokukhulelwa singamaviki ayisithupha kuphela.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Kwi-telecod, iqanda elivunduzelwe lingangeni ngokushesha esibelethweni. Itholakala mucosa yesibeletho futhi ilinde izimo ezinhle zokuthuthuka. Kungemva kokuba isigaba sokuphumula kuphela lapho ukukhula okuvamile kombungu kuqala. Isikhathi esinjengalesi sokukhula sivumela insikazi ukuba ibelethe esikhathini esikahle kakhulu sokukhulisa inzalo.
Ubukhulu belitha busuka ezinganeni ezi-2 kuya kwezi-4. Abesifazane bafika esikhathini sezinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili, kanti abesilisa bavuthwa ngocansi ngonyaka owodwa kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuncane okwaziwayo lapho i-teledu encane isizimela ngokuphelele kunina. Lokhu kwenzeka, mhlawumbe, ezinyangeni ezingama-5-6. Abantu besifazane yibo abagadli ngokuyinhloko bezingane futhi bayilumle ibele kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezi-4. Okwamanje alukho ulwazi ngokuchazwe ngokunakekelwa kwabazali. Kusungulwa ukuthi ekudingisweni isilinganiso sokuphila sobude besikhathi se-telecenter yiminyaka eyi-14.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
UFig Badger uhlala eSoutheast Asia futhi utholakala eBangladesh, Bhutan, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, India, Burma, Laos, eCambodia, Indonesia kanye nesiqhingi saseSumatra.
Ukusatshalaliswa okuqhubekayo kwalezi zinhlobo kuyabonakala enyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya, kanye naseBangistan, lapho inani lezilwane elihlala khona lihlala eningizimu mpumalanga yezwe.
E-Bangladesh, uhla lwe-swger badger luhlanganisa:
- Indawo yase-Chunoti yasendle,
- University of Chittagong campus,
- I-Fashahali Wemvelo Yasendaweni,
- enyakatho-mpumalanga (iSylhet, Habigondzh kanye nasezifundeni zaseMulovibazar),
- ILazachara National Park.
ELaos, izilwane zihlala ikakhulu ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho, enkabeni naseningizimu yezwe, futhi eVietnam, uhla lwebheji lengulube luhlukaniswe kakhulu. Izinhlobo ezihlala kuzo zombili amahlathi asindayo asezindaweni ezishisayo (i-deciduous and evergreen), kanye nezigodi zezikhukhula, umhlaba wezolimo namahlathi akhanyayo. Ezintabeni zezingulube zesikhumba esibi zingatholakala ngaphezulu kuka-3.5 km ngaphezu kolwandle.
Izitha zemvelo ze-teledo
Photo: Badger Teledu
Ama-Teledu badger awalungele kakhulu izilwane ezidla ezinye, ngoba anezinhlayiya ezinkulu, imihlathi eqinile, isikhumba esiguquguqukayo nomlingiswa omubi. Umbala wazo uyisongela-, okusho ukuthi, unombala ohlukile ukuxwayisa ezinye izilwane ukuthi akufanelekile ukuxhumana naye. Ama-Badger angabadwebi abanamakhono, futhi angahlwitha asuka emkhakheni wokubona inyamazane uma esengozini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakhipha uketshezi olunephunga elimnandi kusuka kwizindlala zabo ezingena emzimbeni, ezikwazi ukwethusela abanukubezi abangaba khona kuzo. Kodwa-ke, akwaziwa noma ngabe lokhu kuyindlela eyiyo yokuzivikela.
Abazingeli abadumile be-teledu yile:
Akukho lutho olwaziwayo mayelana nomphumela wama-badger ku-ecosystem yawo. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabo kokudla, badlala indima yokulawula ukwanda kwezidalwa ezingena manzi emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bakhulula inhlabathi ngenkathi bemba. Enye indima edlalayo abayidlalayo ukwakhiwa kwendawo yokuhlala ezinye izilwane ezincane ngokubonga ngemisele.
Kunobufakazi obuncane bokuthi siphakamise inzuzo enhle kubantu be-telecod. Kodwa-ke, amanye amaqembu abantu eNdiya adla amabheji, azingela futhi alime ukudla eChina. E-Laos, izinketho zokunambitheka zokusebenzisa amabheji engulube njengokudla ziyahlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlanga ezihlukile. Abanye ababoni ukuthi isilo siyinyama yokudla, kanti amaqembu ezingxenyeni zechibi leNam Teun abheka i-telechedon njengokudla okumnandi ..
Ayikho imiphumela emibi eyaziwayo yamabheji kubantu. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi izihlobo zakhe, ababi base-Yurasi, bahlushwa isifo sofuba sezinkomo. Kunethuba lokuthi i-teledu nayo ingaba nezifo ezijwayelekile emfuyweni. Ziyaziwa ukuthi zilimaza izilimo.
Ukudla Kwengulube Yengulube
Isidlwengu simangalisa kakhulu, futhi sithola ukudla okuhlukahlukene okuhlukahlukene ngenxa yokubonga nokuzwa kwempumulo. Ukudla kwesikhwanyana sengulube kufaka phakathi ukudla kwezitshalo nezilwane:
- izimpande ezinoshukela nezimpande zezilimo,
- izithelo,
- ama-invertebrates (izibungu kanye nomswakama),
- izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.
Ukudla, inyamazane isebenza ngenkuthalo nangaphambi kwaso ngezinzipho eziqinile, ihlakaza umhlaba ngobuso bayo futhi isebenzise izimbaza zayo / izihlakala zomhlathi ezingezansi. Abantu bendawo bavame ukubona ukuthi ibamba libamba kanjani imfantu emifuleni emincane eseduze.
Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo
Photo: Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-teledu?
Amanani wabantu be-Teledu awazange afundwe ngemininingwane eyanele ukuqonda ukuthambekela kwabo nobuningi babantu. Imvamisa lapho amakhamera wesicupho eshaya khona ama-lens ahlukahluka ngokuya ngesimo sendawo. Kwezinye izindawo, lokhu kungenye yezithombe ezincane ezivame ukuthathwa izithombe, ngokwesibonelo, eThailand naseNakai Nam Theun National Protected Area eLaos, kuyilapho kwezinye izindawo izinhlobo zinqabile.
Okungenani kunezinto ezimbili ezingenza leli hlobo lamarekhodi ashubile: ushintsho lwendalo ebangeni lokuncipha kanye nokwehla okubangelwa ngumsebenzi womuntu, okwenzeka ngejubane elihlukile kulo lonke uhla lokuxazululwa. Imininingwane ayivelwanga ngokwanele ukulinganisa ngisho nenani elilinganisiwe labantu.
E-Laos, lonke ucwaningo lwamakhamera amakhulu wesicupho selutholile i-teleda, okukhombisa isimo esinempilo sezinhlobo. Ubuningi bendawo yokuhlala buqoshwa ezindaweni ezinentaba ezinamagquma. Kepha kukhona amacala ambalwa abhaliwe avela emathafeni. Le ndlela yokusabalalisa yezinhlobo yayivele isobala ngaphambi kokufakwa kwamakhamera futhi ibisuselwa ekubhekeni okuqondile nakumarekhodi ezilwane ezifile.
Kodwa-ke, eThailand, le nhlobo imvamisa iqoshwa ezindaweni eziphansi, kufaka phakathi ezindaweni eziphansi. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukungabi bikho kwe-telebu eLaos ezindaweni eziphansi lapho ukuzingela kusebenza kahle khona kukhombisa ukuthi lapho izilwane zizingelwa khona, ukwehla kushesha. Futhi lokhu kungaholela ekubhujisweni kwe-telebo.
Abantu baseMyanmar nabo banezakhi ezinkulu. E-Thailand, inhlobo isasabalele endaweni yayo yemvelo. ENyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya, amabhulukwe engulube, yize ebanzi ngaphezu kwendawo enkulu, imvamisa. Isimo sabantu endaweni yaso yaseChina (ingxenye yesifundazwe saseYunnan) sincane.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Njengomthetho, isikhathi sokuzalela siba ngoMeyi, kepha ukubonakala kwenzalo kubambezelekile - amawundlu azalwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-10, okuchazwa yisigaba esilandelana lapho kubhujiswa ukuthuthukiswa kombungu.
NgoFebhuwari - Mashi wonyaka olandelayo, ibheji lowesifazane liletha ama-2 kuye kwayi-6, kepha imvamisa kathathu okungasizi ngalutho nokungaboni, okunesisindo esingu-70-80 g.
Kuyathakazelisa! Amakhulu akhula kancane, athole ama-auricles ngamaviki amathathu eminyaka, evula amehlo izinsuku ezingama-35-42 futhi athola amazinyo ngenyanga eyi-1.
Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa kwamazinyo, kubizwa ukuncishiswa okubizwa ngokuthi, lapho ukusikwa kwamazinyo ayisisekelo kuyekwa, kepha lapho sezinezinyanga eziyi-2,5, ukukhula kwama-constants kuqala. Ama-zoologists ahlobanisa lo mkhuba nokuncela ubisi isikhathi eside kanye nokufika sekwedlule isikhathi, kepha ngokushesha ukushintshela edlelweni.
Ukuqunjelwa kwabesifazane kuhlala izinyanga ezi-4. Amabheji amancane aqala ngokuzithoba futhi adlale nabafowethu / odade, kepha, lapho ekhula, alahlekelwa amakhono abo okuhlanganisa nokufisa ukuxhumana. Amabhulukwe engulube athola imisebenzi yokuzala ngezinyanga ezingama-7-8.
I-Telegu Guard
Isithombe: I-Teledu evela encwadini ebomvu
I-Teledu yafakwa okokuqala ohlwini lwezinhlobo ezincane ezikhathazayo. Kodwa-ke, inani labo lihlala lincipha, futhi njengamanje babalwa njengabasengozini. EThailand naseNdiya, amabheji avikelwe umthetho. Basongelwa ukusetshenziswa kwezinja zokuzingela kulo lonke elase-Indochina.
I-Teledu ifakwe kuhlu njengezinhlobo ezisengcupheni kwi-Red Book ngoba ivezwa izinsongo eziningi. Izinkomba ezingxenyeni esempumalanga yebanga, ikakhulukazi eVietnam naseLaos, ngokwehla kwesilinganiso (20-25%) ngaphezulu kweminyaka eyi-15 (izizukulwane ezintathu) futhi asikho isizathu sokulindela ukwehla kokwehla. Ikakhulu, eMyanmar naseCambodia, ijubane lokwehla lingenyuka, ngenxa yokuchuma okukhulayo kwesibalo nobudlelwano bemakethe. Isimo eCambodia kungenzeka sibi kakhulu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokwanda kwezicupho ze-teleda ezifundazweni ezisempumalanga ezingasemngceleni weVietnam.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukusatshiswa kweTeledu kulindeleke ukuthi kungabaluleki kangako ezinsukwini zaseSumatra naseChina iningi (lapho ukwehla kungenzeka futhi kube phansi).
I-Teledu ngokwesidingo ngenxa yokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha zendabuko, okugcwele ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanzwa ngobuningi bendawo yemvelo yezivumelwano zemvelo yezolimo kuyaqhubeka. Lolu hlobo kufanele luhlanjululwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngeNcwadi ebomvu ngokubheka izinsongo ezikhona nokungaqiniseki mayelana nezinga lokuxhashazwa kwenhlabathi ngezinhlobonhlobo zokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane nemiphumela yako kubantu basendle.
Ukulandelwa kweTeledo
Namuhla kunama-subspecies ayi-6 wezingulube zezingulube:
• A. c. Umashiqela uhlala eVietnam, Thailand naseNyakatho neBurma,
• I-Arctonyx collaris collaris ijwayelekile e-Assam, engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga yeHimalaya, iBhutan neSikkim,
• A. c. Ama-Albugularis ahlala eningizimu yeChina,
• A. c. ama-hoevi atholakala eSumatra,
• A. c. ILeucolaemus ihlala enyakatho neChina,
• A. c. I-Consul ihlala eMyanmar nase-Assam.
I-teledu ithuthukise kahle izindlala ze-anal, ezenzelwe ukumaka insimu.
Indlela Yokuphila Kwengulube
I-Teleda iphila impilo eyedwa, ngakho abantu abangashadile batholakala kakhulu. Kepha izinsikazi zihlangana ngamaqembu amancane ngenkathi zifuna ukudla nomndeni wazo. Ukusebenza kumabhulukwe ezingulube kugcinwa ebusuku, kuthi phakathi nesikhathi sasemini basebenzise emiseleni engajulile noma emifantwini yamatshe. ENdiya, amabhulukwe ezingulube nawo angabonakala ekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa. E-China, umsebenzi ophakeme wezingulube zezingulube ubonwa ngaphambi kokusa: ngo-3-5 ekuseni, futhi kusihlwa emahoreni angama-19-21.
Lawa ama-omnivores. I-Teledu ingaphila ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zokuhlala: emathafeni anezinkuni, izintaba eziphakeme, amahlathi nezinkambu zezolimo. Ezintabeni, amabhulukwe engulube akhuphuka aze afike kumamitha angama-3500. Bangazimba izimbobo ngokwabo noma basebenzise okokuvikela okokwemvelo okwenziwe ngomumo, bangacasha phakathi kwenqwaba yamagatsha embhedeni womfula.
I-Teledu ijwayelekile emathafeni nasezintabeni. Esikhathini sasemini, ifihla ngezimbobo ezijulile noma kwenye indawo yokukhosela.
Izitha zemvelo zezingulube zezingulube amakati amakhulu: izingwe namahlosi. Lapho umhlaseli ehlasela ibhegi yengulube, izivikela ngamandla ngamazinyo ayo aqinile nezinzipho ezinamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abakwa-teleda banesikhumba esinyene kakhulu, okunzima ukusiluma kumuntu ohlaselayo. I-teledude, njengabanye abamele ama-marten, inezindlala ezinephunga, okukhishwa kuzo uketshezi lukakhokho.
Ngokweminye imibiko, i-telecud iyazifihla ezinyangeni ezibandayo, eziqala ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi, ngakho-ke zidlula ezikhathini ezinzima kakhulu lapho kunokungabikho kokudla okwanele. Isikhathi sokuphila kwezingulube zezingulube emvelweni asaziwa, kepha ekudingisweni zingaphila iminyaka eyi-14.
Isabelo se-Teledu
Izimbila zenyama yengulube zidla ngama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene, njengezinambuzane, izibungu kanye nomhlonyane, futhi zihlasela izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobonhlobo zezithelo nemifino yezimpande kufakiwe ekudleni kwe-teleda.
Imibala ethandekayo yengulube yengulube kufanele ikhombise ukuthi lesi silwane siyingozi impela, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungadideki ngakho.
Izingulube zezingulube zifuna ukudla ngosizo lwazo olubucayi bokunuka. Bemba izimpande nezilwane ezahlukahlukene, bephila impilo engaphansi komhlaba, ngama-paws abo angaphambili, agcina ngokugoba okuqinile, futhi ngenxa yalokhu basebenzisa izisulu nezinsimbi zomhlathi ophansi.
Ukuzala amabhulukwe engulube
Ukushesha kukaTeledu kuthiwa ngoMeyi. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha cishe izinyanga eziyi-10. Izingane ezi-2-4 zizalwa kowesifazane, okuenzeka phakathi kukaFebhuwari noMashi. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingu-58 amagremu. Ekuzalweni, abayisithulu ngokuphelele futhi abayimpumputhe.
Insikazi yondla omncane ngobisi lwebele cishe izinyanga ezine, emva kwalokho abantu abasha baqala ukuzondla edlelo. Amabheji amancane afinyelela osayizi abadala ngezinyanga ezingama-7-8.
Ngenkathi ukondla, ibheji aligadi hhayi ngezinsolo zalo kuphela, kodwa nangesihlakala eside esinyakazayo, njengengulube.
Inani le-telecod kubantu nezinombolo zabo ngokwemvelo
Isakhamuzi sendawo yaseNdiya naseVietnam sizingela amabhulukwe engulube ngenhloso yokukhipha amanoni nesikhumba. Njengoba ama-teleda enza imisebenzi yokumba, kwesinye isikhathi enza umonakalo omncane ezitshalweni ezitshaliwe.
Kukholelwa ukuthi izingulube zenyama yengulube zingathwala amarabi, kepha lolu lwazi aluqinisekiswa ngokuthembekile.
Ebangeni, amabhulukwe engulube ezindaweni eziningi ayingcosana ngenani futhi asongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Lolu hlobo lubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu eNdiya.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Indlela yokuphila nezici
I-Teledu kuholela endleleni yokuphila yobusuku (kodwa eNdiya kungabonakala nasekuseni kakhulu noma kusihlwa), ntambama kufihlwa umgodi obumbwe ngawo noma ucashe ezindaweni zokugcina zemvelo (imigodi ngaphansi kwamatshe noma odongeni, emibhedeni yomfula). Lapho ihlaselwa umhlaseli, i-badger yengulube ivikelwa yimichilo yayo namazinyo aqinile. I-telecud inesikhumba esindayo esivikela kahle emazinyweni ezitha. Ukudweba kusebenza futhi njengesixwayiso sokuthi kuyingozi futhi kungcono ukushiya wedwa.
Njengamanye amaKunim, unezindlala ezingama-anal ezenza imfihlo engaqondakali.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi kusukela ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari (Mashi), i-teledus ilala ebusika.
Ukuziphatha Komphakathi Nokuzala
I-Teledu - abanikazi bemvelo engathandeki. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sokuza, baba nolaka kakhulu futhi bavame ukuhlasela abafowabo. Ama-skirmish ahambisana nokukhonjiswa kwamazinyo abukhali kanye nephunga elibi eliqhamuka kwizindlala ezimbili eduze ne-anus. Inqubo enjalo inikezwa noma ngubani ophula imingcele yendawo yabo, emakwe umchamo noma lonke uketshezi olufanayo lwe-fetid. Yizidlakudla ezinkulu kuphela, kufaka phakathi ihlosi, impisi ebomvu nengwe, ekwazi ukubhekana nalezi zilwanyana ezinqumayo.
Mayelana nesakhiwo senhlalo teledu nokukhiqizwa kwayo, kuncane okwaziwayo. Ngokunokwenzeka, lezi zilwane ziphila impilo yodwa, ngobaimvamisa zihlangana eyodwa ngasikhathi (ngaphandle kwabesifazane abanezinsana ezihambahamba emgodini). Ukukhulelwa kwizimbotshana zezingulube kuthatha izinyanga eziyishumi. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu, kuphakanyiswa ukuthi i-telecenter inokubambezeleka ekuthuthukiseni imibungu. NgoFebhuwari-Mashi, kuzalwa amawundlu angama-2 kuya kowesifazane. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingama-g angama-60. Ukuqunjelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezi-4. Ubungako bemidlwane yezilwane endala ifinyelela ezinyangeni ezingama-7-8. Isikhathi sokuphila ekudingisweni ekudingisweni sifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-14.