Lokhu ezimibalabala inyoni skimmer nakanjani uthole emlonyeni semvelo owaziwa, Durrell. Kungani i-diver imnandi futhi kunjalo?

UDarrell wayenolwazi olukhulu ngezimpawu zezinyoni, kodwa emhlanganweni wokuqala nomsiki wamanzi wahlatshwa umxhwele ukubukeka kwangaphandle kwale nyoni. Umndeni zalezi zinyoni okusikhumbuza tern, kodwa sehlukile kubo kumnandi uqhwaku ukuma okungavamile. I-plumage imnyama futhi imhlophe, imilenze imfushane, kepha uqhwaku luvumelanisa nosayizi omncane. Imidlwane yamehlo ayisiyindilinga, kepha incane. Umsila is olunjengemfoloko umumo, futhi izinyawo elise nadreznye ulwelwesi ukubhukuda.

Ekujwayelaneni kokuqala nenyoni, ukubukeka kwesiqhwaga kuyamangalisa, yinde, yinde, yacwiywa isuka ezinhlangothini, kubonakala sengathi idonsa umzimba wonke.

Kepha lolu daba alugcini ngosayizi kuphela, maphakathi nobude bomlomo uphela, imiphetho yawo ihlangana nemiphetho yokusika. Mandible kakhulu kwaphoqa phambili, kubonakala sengathi nyoni uqhwaku cut off yesithathu ezinhle. Lapho ipayipi livula, i-pharynx ivuleka ibe ngama-45 degrees. Uqhwaku kancane kancane luyasulwa, kepha bese lukhula lube ngosayizi oyifunayo. Hits ngokudweba kumnandi, tricolor umlomo wenyoni, ababethi obomvu, omnyama ophuzi. Kungani imvelo yavuza inyoni empofu ngalesimanga esimnandi kangaka?

Masizame ukubheka inyoni ngenkathi idoba. Cutwater ukundiza phezu kwamanzi ne Uqhwaku kudalulwe ngokoqobo rip amanzi phansi mandible ezinkulu. Kubukeka sengathi inyoni inquma ingaphezulu kwamanzi, yiso lesi sici esinikeze igama elithi - umsiki wamanzi. Uma ingxenye engezansi yomlomo ikhubeka enhlanzini, khona-ke lapho ikhanda liseluliwe, inyoni ibamba inyamazane ibambe ngokushesha. Nasi isipho ethulwa ubunjalo inyoni. Manje sekucacile ukuthi akufanele uyeke ukudoba ngomlomo omncane, kepha uma unedivayisi enjalo, umsiki akunakwenzeka ukuthi uhlale elambile.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinyoni eziphumelela ngokulinganayo zibamba izinhlanzi ebusuku nasemanzini anodaka anodaka, umuzwa wokuthinta usiza ukuzulazula kuleli cala. Eziqhingini anesihlabathi kwamagoda kwakhiwa emifuleni emikhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo cutwater beyokwakha amakoloni enkulu lapho izinkulungwane umusi bukhoma enezimpiko Anglers.

Abazakhi isidleke; babekela amaqanda abo emgodini omncane enhlabathini enesihlabathi. Imvamisa i-1-5 cream coloring namachashazi amnyama. Incubated yibo bobabili abazali, esikhundleni salokho ekushintsheni mayelana amasonto amathathu. Amachwane avele embozwe phansi, umbala wawo ohambelana nombala wemvelo futhi ozifihla kahle izizukulwane ezizayo. Umbala wesihlabathi ngemisinga ucishe uhlangane nombala wenhlabathi futhi wenze amaphuphu angabonakali. Achanyuselwa kusuka amaqanda, bashiya esidlekeni nihlambe kahle. Izinyoni zifinyelela ekukhulelweni kweminyaka yobudala engama-1-3. Abesilisa nabesifazane akuhlukile komunye komunye ngokubukeka nangombala wezinsi, kuphela amasayizi abesilisa akhulu.

Ochwepheshe baye bachaza ezintathu izinhlobo skimmer. I-American black diver ihlala eSouth America naseningizimu Melika. Ubukhulu benyoni bungamasentimitha angama-38, umucu omhlophe onobuhlakani utholakala emaphikweni, uhlangothi olungaphezulu lumnyama. Uqhwaku lwenhlanzi okuthiwa i is osasitini nge ithiphu abamnyama, imilenze okufanayo elikhanyayo umbala. Ukuze izidleke, ukhetha imifula kanye nogu lolwandle. Ukudla okuyinhloko inhlanzi, igobolondo, izinambuzane.

skimmer Afrika zise-Afrika bhé, uhlala sifinyelela engezansi emifuleni kanye seashores. Ubukhulu benyoni bukhulu kunobuthotho obujwayelekile, kepha amaphiko omsiki wamanzi mude. Isidumbu simbozwe ngamapayipi amnyama ansundu, ibunzi, ikhanda, izitho ezingezansi zomzimba, umsila kanye nezimpaphe zezimpaphe ezinkulu ezimboze amaphiko zimhlophe ngombala. Imilenze osasitini uqhwaku - orange-yellow. Ukuhlukahluka kwase-Afrika kuholela kwempilo yasesikhathini.

Ntambama, uphumula esihlabathini somfula, asakaze isicaba esiswini sakhe, kwesinye isikhathi ame anganyakazi. Ngezinye ilanga lishona, le nyoni zishintshe. Ukulala kwasemini kuyanyamalala, futhi osika amanzi ahambe ayozingela. Imvamisa izinyoni ezi-4-5, okwenza ukushintshashintsha kwejubane futhi kuthule, zikhazimulise ngaphezu kwendawo engaphezulu kwamanzi, njalo kucwiliswa isigamu esikhulu sangaphansi somlomo emanzini. a uqhwaku okunjalo - ukutholakala sangempela, ngosizo inyoni yakhe deftly ohlwithayo izinambuzane, inhlanzi. Emabhange amakhulu esihlabathi sokudla okusika amanzi kanye nesidleke. Owesifazane kuphela ofaka amaqanda, kepha bobabili abazali bondla inzalo.

Ogwini amanzi ephakathi nezwe Indo-China ne ezwekazini laseNdiya ihlangabezana skimmer Indian. Ubukeka njengezihlobo zakhe, kuphela onomlomo wombala ophuzi onesici. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni aziyeki ukumangaza ama-ornithologists. Kodwa ngamunye zinhlobo ingashintshwa ukuze ahlale ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Umndeni wabasiki bamanzi usuwatholile niche wawo wemvelo emhlabeni. Ngemuva kokulima ngempumelelo indawo yamanzi ngoqhwaku lwayo olumnandi, bayaphila ngaphandle kokuthola umncintiswano oqinile ovela kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Phela, esibaluleke kangaka lwemidlalo imvelo asiphe skimmer kuphela.

Abasiki bamanzi

• Afrika skimmer ( Ama-Rynchops flavirostris )
• Umsiki Wamanzi waseNdiya ( Rynchops albicollis )
• Umsiki wamanzi omnyama ( I-Rynchops nigra )

cutwater (lat. AmaRynchops) - uhlobo lwezinyoni emndenini wakwaGull Charadriiformes. Uhlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu. Ezinye taxonomists ukuhlukanisa skimmer ku subfamily Rynchopinae. Phambilini, bebethathwa njengomndeni ohlukile wama-charadriiformes ahlukaniswe ngamanzi (iRynchopidae).

Ukusatshalaliswa

I-African Diver (Rynchops flavirostris) kanye nomsiki wamanzi waseNdiya (AmaRynchops albicollis) Ingabe ezitholakala amadamu angenasawoti ezindaweni ezishisayo. Umsiki wamanzi omnyama (I-Rynchops nigra) Uhlala ngasogwini lweNyakatho Melika. Abasiki bamanzi bayathanda ukuhlala ngamaqembu amancane eduze kwamachibi noma amachibi emifula, bezingela emanzini angaxutshani nezinyamazane.

Izimpawu zangaphandle

Omunye izici skimmer, okuyinto eveza umahluko phakathi kwabo kuzo zonke ezinye izinyoni unciphise kakhulu, hhayi abafundi round. Enye into ukuthi ingxenye engezansi yoqhwaku lwayo ibanzi kakhulu futhi yinde kunokwenhla. Ngenxa yokuthi ithiphu layo liba buthuntu futhi lisule ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uqhwaku luhlala lukhula. Wings kanye umlomo wenyoni maqondana lonke umzimba elikhulu. Imilenze emifushane inombala obomvu noma ophuzi, kuyilapho iplamu labasiki limnyama futhi limhlophe.

Umsoco

Abasiki bamanzi abazingeli kuphela phakathi nosuku, kodwa futhi nasebusuku. Lezi zihlanganisa izinhlanzi main zokunyathelisa ababezakhele ukubamba flying ngenhla nje kwamanzi futhi "ecwaninga" yakhe engxenyeni engezansi umlomo wenyoni, skimmer ngakho futhi lethiwa. Lapho uthinta inhlanzi, uqhwaku luvala ngokushesha. Ikhanda liphonswe emuva, inyamazane bese iyagwinywa.

Lalela izwi Vodorezov

Ntambama, uphumula esihlabathini somfula, asakaze isicaba esiswini sakhe, kwesinye isikhathi ame anganyakazi. Njengoba ubusuku buhamba, inyoni iyaguquka. Emini ubalekela, futhi skimmer uyaqhubeka ekuzingeleni. Imvamisa izinyoni ezi-4-5, okwenza ukushintshashintsha kwejubane futhi kuthule, zikhazimulise ngaphezu kwendawo engaphezulu kwamanzi, njalo kucwiliswa isigamu esikhulu sangaphansi somlomo emanzini. Umlomo onjalo uwukutholwa kwangempela, ngosizo lwayo izinyoni ngobuhlakani bizihlwitha ngobuhlakani. On the izindunduma zesihlabathi okuphakelayo isidleke emakoloni ezinkulu Vodorezov. Owesifazane kuphela ofaka amaqanda, kepha bobabili abazali bondla inzalo.

Abasiki bamanzi badla izinhlanzi nezinambuzane.

Ogwini amanzi ephakathi nezwe Indo-China ne ezwekazini laseNdiya ihlangabezana skimmer Indian. Ubukeka njengezihlobo zakhe, kuphela onomlomo wombala ophuzi onesici. Izinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni aziyeki ukumangaza ama-ornithologists. Kodwa ngamunye zinhlobo ingashintshwa ukuze ahlale ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Umndeni wabasiki bamanzi usuwatholile niche wawo wemvelo emhlabeni. Ngemuva kokulima ngempumelelo indawo yamanzi ngoqhwaku lwayo olumnandi, bayaphila ngaphandle kokuthola umncintiswano oqinile ovela kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Phela, esibaluleke kangaka lwemidlalo imvelo asiphe skimmer kuphela.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Imininingwane

Inyoni-yamanzi noma Afrika skimmer - Tropical tern isihlobo. Lezi zinyoni ziphawuleka ngendlela yazo eyingqayizivele yokukhipha okuphakelayo, yingakho abasiki begama labo babizwa. Ukwenza amaphiko anciphise kancane futhi angabi nalutho, ibheka ebusweni bamanzi ngezikhathi ezithile, igxiliswa kuyo imizuzu yonke ingxenye engaphansi yoqhwaku futhi ngaleyo ndlela ijulise amanzi. Ngobukhulu kancane kunenani Gull ezivamile, kodwa sibonga amaphiko eside kubonakala okukhulu. Unezimpaphe zezingxenye ezingezansi zomzimba, ibunzi, ubuso, umsila kanye nemikhawulo yezembozo ezinkulu zephiko, zimhlophe, lonke iplamu linsundu. U-Beak uphuzi osawolintshi, imilenze ibomvu. Esinye isici skimmer, okuyinto eveza umahluko phakathi kwabo kuzo zonke ezinye izinyoni kakhulu unciphise, abafundi hhayi round. Imidlwane yabo ifana ne-vertical, njengasemakati. Izitshudeni ezithambile ziyingqayizivele esigabeni sezinyoni.

Izinyoni-skimmer - eside ezinamaphiko, zemilenze futhi dlinnoklyuvye izinyoni. Ntambama, bahlala phansi esiswini sabo, noma ngaphansi kaningi bemi bengashukumi emabhange esihlabathi. Kuvela empilweni kusihlwa, lapho emphakathini wezinyoni eziningana (4-5) uhamba uyozingela. Bona ukuzingela ebusuku, ekuseni, futhi ebusuku, hamba inyamazane - inhlanzi, ezinamagobolondo, izinambuzane yasemanzini. Bayibamba kanjena: inyoni indiza ngenhla kwamanzi uqobo, yehlisa ingxenye engezansi yoqhwayi emanzini. Eqhweni, uhhafu ophansi wide kunaphezulu. mandible Upper siphakeme futhi amanzi asisho uthinte, kodwa ke somknetsya ne mandible, kuphela nje siyakhubeka phezu okuthile uyaphila kanye naphakathi. Njengoba ukuphela koqhwaku kugqokwa kusuka ekungqubuzaneni okungatheni kwamanzi, i-stratum corneum eyimboza ngokushesha ikhula futhi.

Abasiki bamanzi abanobude bomzimba obungu-35-40 cm, bahluke kuma-tern ngesakhiwo soqhwaku esihluke ngokuphelele. Muhle ubude, eside, kakhulu onomfutho singatsheki. Umgodi womlomo uphela cishe phakathi kobude bomlomo, khona-ke imiphetho yokusika yemihlathi ihlangane. Imihlathi ingavula ama-degrees angama-45. Ziyofuna ukudla bazibandakanye touch, ngakho Vodorezov kungaba yokuzingela ku adungekile nobusuku. Mayelana nendlela efanayo yokondla, kunamanye amadivaysi akhiqizwe ezindaweni zokusika amanzi ezikuvumela ukuthi ungakhumuli ikhanda lakho, ungaphuli intamo yakho futhi ubambe ngempumelelo impango emanzini. Uma kwenzeka okuthile, ikhanda lidonsa bese libuyela emuva, bese uqhwaku lushelela khona manjalo.

Vodorezov isidleke emakoloni enkulu amashumi ezinkulungwaneni ngazimbili ogwini olunesihlabathi namatshe shallowed isihlabathi amabhange, iziqhingi nasemathekwini, ngasogwini lomfula imifula nolwandle zasezindaweni ezishisayo kanye ezisondelene nazo. Kwimicikilisho yabo yemishado, kufaniswa ne-terns - izethulo zomshado ezihanjeni, kodwa hhayi ngezinhlanzi, kodwa ngamatshe amancane. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-3 kuya ku-5 amhlophe qwa noma aphuzi abe namachashazi amnyama emgodini ojwayelekile, lapho uwafaka khona. Iduna akusho efukamela amaqanda, kodwa ehilelekile ziklabile. Amakati ngemuva nje kokubopha ashiye isidleke futhi akwazi ukubhukuda kahle. Amajakethi aphansi abe nombala wesihlabathi onemisinga emnyama, awafihla kahle lapho ecashe esihlabathini esihlanzekile. Wing amaphuphu ezikhuliswa engu-amasonto 5. Kuvuthwa eneminyaka yobudala engama-1-3. Akukho kufiphalisa ngokobulili ngemibala; abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane; abesilisa abasebasha bayathambeka.