Ixoxo echibini (i-lat. Pelophylax ridibundus) lingelamalungu omndeni Wangempela amaxoxo (Ranidae). Lesi ngesinye se-amphibians esivame kakhulu e-Eurasia. Ikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zemvelo futhi ivumelane nezimo ezintsha ngokushesha.
Ngokusho kocwaningo lofuzo, eminyakeni engaba ngu-5 eyedlule, lokhu kuhlanganiswa kabusha kwe-amphibian nge-frog echibini (Pelophylax lowonae). Umphumela uba uhlobo olusha olubizwa ngokuthi i-edible frog (Pelophylax esculentus). Kwakungama-paws akhe ukuthi izindela zaseFrance zazidla ngesikhathi sokuzila ekuqaleni kweNkathi Ephakathi. Kamuva, ukudla okungenanhlonipho kwaqashelwa endaweni yonke futhi kwabhekwa njengobuciko obukhulu baseFrance.
Minyaka yonke, amaFulentshi adla aze afike kumathani angama-4000 emilenze yamaxoxo.
Amagugu aseBelgium nase-USA asemuva impela kwawo. I-Delicacy nayo iyathandwa e-Indonesia, Thailand, China, Vietnam, Luxembourg, Portugal nase Spain.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Indawo yokuhlala isuka eCentral Europe iye eCentral Asia naseNyakatho Afrika. Umngcele waso osentshonalanga udlula ezifundeni ezisempumalanga yeFrance, kanti empumalanga uya eKazakhstan, Pakistan nasezifundazweni ezisenyakatho nentshonalanga zeChina. Enyakatho, isuka ogwini loLwandle iBaltic iye e-Udmurtia naseBashkiria eRussia.
Izindawo eziqhelile zitholakala emafutheni asentshonalanga yeSaudi Arabia naseBahrain. Kwathulwa amasele echibini lasetshenziswa futhi kwathuthukiswa ngempumelelo eNgilandi naseSifundeni Sase-Iberia, nawo wethulwa eKamchatka, lapho athatha khona amachibi echibini eliseduze neziphethu ezishisayo.
Abamele le nhlobo bahlala ngokuzithandela endaweni enomswakama ngamamitha afinyelela ku-1100 m ngaphezu kolwandle, kanye namaBalkan afinyelela kuma-2500. Banikeza isisekelo esithandekayo sezindawo zamanzi ahlanzekile anamazinga okushisa wamanzi angaba ngu-15 ° C, yize bekhuthazelela ukushisa kwehlobo kuze kube ngu-35 ngaphandle kwemiphumela yempilo yabo. ° C. ENingizimu ye-Ukraine, ama-amphibians atholakala emachibini nasemachibini ngokuqina nokwanda kukasawoti.
Amaxoxo echibi echibini avame ukubonwa emakotini anezimila ezinamanzi eziningi ezisezindaweni ezivulekile.
Bathanda ogwini lwemifula namachibi, akhanya kahle yilanga. Izindawo zama-amphibian ezinamahloni amaningi ziyagwenywa. Ukujula okuphezulu kubo cishe kungama-50 cm.
Ukuziphatha
Ixoxo echibini liyasebenza kusihlwa nasebusuku. Ntambama, uthatha imisebe yelanga isikhathi eside ngentokozo esobala, futhi ngesikhathi sakhe samahhala kusuka kwinqubo yokuphila kahle ucasha ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahlana zasogwini, emathangeni omhlanga noma emashalofini angaphansi komhlaba ogwini lwethala.
I-Amphibian ingeyombalo yezinhlobo ezihlaselayo futhi ithambekele ekwandeni okuqhubekayo kwezindawo okuhlalwa kuzo.
Wahlukana nemizi yakhe kuphela lapho lina izulu lana. Ukufuduka kuhlale kwenzeka ngaphansi kokumboza ebusuku.
Amaxoxo echibi ashiya izindawo zawo zobusika ngokuya ngezimo zezulu ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. Ngaseningizimu yebanga, bahlala basebenza unyaka wonke futhi bangaweli ekubonakalweni okukhulu. Ubusika benzeka endaweni yasemanzini futhi ezifundeni eziningi buqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba noma ekuqaleni kukaNovemba, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lehla laya ku-8 ° -10 ° C.
Umsoco
Isisekelo sokudla kwabantu abadala siqukethe izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene, izibungu zazo nama-arachnids. Babamba inyamazane yabo emhlabeni noma ngqo emanzini, bayibambe ngokushesha ngolimi olukhishwe. Amaxoxo ajwayela ukubulala izimpukane, izinyoka, iminyovu nezinyosi ezindiza phezu kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kwabo, ama-crustaceans amancane nama-annelids (Annelidae) adliwe ngenkuthalo.
Ngokwezinga elincane, izinhlwayi zezinhlanzi kanye nentsha yabanye abantu basemanzini, izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo ziba yisisulu. I-amphibian ekhazimulayo ngeke iyeke ubumnandi bokujabulela amadadadolo ayo kanye nezinhlwathi ezinhlanzi. Uhlala ahlasela ama-voles kanye nama-shrews, amachwane nezinyoka ezihlosiwe.
Umhlaseli ulungele ukuhlasela noma yisiphi isidalwa esingaphansi kwaso ngosayizi.
Amasele echibi uqobo adla njengokudla kwezinhlanzi ezidla izinyoni, izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo.
Ama-Tadpoles adla nge-detritus, i-algae eluhlaza, ama-diatoms (Diatomeae) nama-rotifers (Rotifera). Njengoba zikhula, ziqala ukuzondla ezingxenyeni ezithambile zezitshalo zasemanzini.
Ukuzala
Isizini yokuzalela iqala ngoMeyi kuya kuJuni. Abesilisa bahlala emapulazini amancane asendlini afinyelela ku-2 m futhi ahehe abesifazane ngensimbi enkulu. Imisindo ekhumbuza ngokungakhethi ukukhala noma ukuhleka komuntu, bakhipha besebenzisa okokuqamba okuyisipesheli okusezikhoneni zomgodi womlomo.
Lapho owesilisa ekwazi ukudonsela ukunakekela kothandana naye, ugxumela kuye emhlane futhi asonge imilenze yakhe yangaphambili ngokuqinile emaphethelweni. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu kuya kweziyi-15, avundiswa ngokushesha owesilisa futhi anamathiselwe amaqabunga ezitshalo zasemanzini ezintantayo ebusweni bamanzi. ICaviar igijimela kaningi ezigabeni ezincane.
Ngokuya ngezimo zemvelo, ukufukelwa kuhlala izinsuku ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-10.
Ubude bomzimba bezibungu ezihlotshisiwe cishe buyi-8 mm. Isigaba se-larval sithatha amasonto ayi-6 kuya kwe-12. Ekupheleni kwe-metamorphosis, izibungu zikhula zibe ngu-6-c cm. Kwezinye zazo, ukukhula kuthatha iminyaka emibili, ngakho-ke ziyakwazi ukufinyelela osayizi obukhulu kuze kufike ku-18 cm.
Kwabesilisa, ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka emibili, nakwabesifazane abaneminyaka emithathu.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba besilisa bubalelwa ku-100 mm, kanti izinsikazi zingu-140 mm. Isisindo esingu-50-200 g. Ngezikhathi ezithile, amasampuli amakhulu aqhamuka. Ngokubambisana nezinhlwayi ezejwayelekile (i-Bufo bufo) zingama-amphibians amakhulu angenantambo eYurophu.
Umzimba ophezulu upendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okomnqumo oluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu, kakhulukazi lapho kunabantu abanombala ophuzi, oluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu. Isici esibonakalayo ubukhona bezindawo ezinombala onsundu noma onsundu emhlane, ezinhlangothini nasezinkalweni.
Isisu silula futhi simbozwe ngamachashazi ngephethini yemabula. Ikhanda liyindilinga, elinesihlakala esikhombe. Isikhumba esomile simbozwe ngama-warts. Phakathi kweminwe kunama-membranes okubhukuda.
Isikhathi sokuphila senkungu yasemanzini siyiminyaka eyi-12.
Ixoxo leChibi
Ixoxo leChibi - Ummeleli ojwayelekile kakhulu womndeni wamaxoxo wangempela. Ukuze bahlangane naye, izakhamuzi zakwamanye amadolobha zidinga nje ukushiya idolobha liye kunoma yimuphi amanzi. Le amphibian ihlukaniswa kalula yinqaba ebhekene nekhanda nomgogodla. Ixoxo echibini liyizinhlobo eziningi kunazo zonke zeqembu. Imvamisa bahlala khona lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifinyelela okungenani kuma-degree Celsius. Ake sixoxe kabanzi ngalolu hlobo lwexoxo.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Photo: Lake Frog
Ukuqanjwa kokuqala kwesiqu sechibi kwavela ngo-1771. Igama lesiLatini elithi Pelophylax ridibundus ngaleso sikhathi lanikezwa lolu hlobo ngusosayensi waseJalimane ongumProfessor uPallas Peter Simon. Le ndoda ithole izinhlobo eziningi ezintsha zezigaba zezilwane ezihluke kakhulu. Abanye abamele iziloba baphinde baqanjwa ngaye.
Ixoxo echibini liyizinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zama-amphibian eRussia. Imvamisa zitholakala ezindaweni zokugcina imvelaphi ye-anthropogenic. Ngokwezibalo ezisemthethweni, ezweni lethu lolu hlobo lwamaxoxo lwavela ngo-1910 futhi yachazwa ngephutha njengesiqhwaga esikhulu - uRana florinskii.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Lake Frog
Ixoxo leChibi Isakhiwo saso sinamathambo amade, igebhezi lokusaqanda nomzondo okhomba. Ukuvela kwecubu lechibi akulona ihluke kakhulu kwabanye abamele lo mndeni. Uma ubhekisisa kakhulu, uyabona ukuthi ingxenye engezansi yomzimba, edwetshwe ngombala onsomi noma ophuzi kancane, inezindawo eziningi ezimnyama. Ngaphezulu, umzimba wexoxo unombala ofana nowesisu sawo. Amehlo abantu ingxenye enkulu banombala wegolide.
Phakathi kwezimpawu zalolu hlobo, isixhaxaka esihlaba umxhwele kwesinye isikhathi singaphawulwa, kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela kuma-700 g. Uma siqhathaniswa namanye amasele, le nombolo ikwenza kucace ukuthi ixoxo echibini akuyona enye yabamele ukukhanya emndenini wayo.
Ihlala kuphi ixoxo echibini?
Photo: Lake Frog
Isele lechibi libhebhetheke ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba. Okwamanje, ngaphezu kweRussia, ingatholakala ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Europe, Asia, kanye naseNyakatho Afrika.
Phakathi kwezindawo ezinabantu abaningi kakhulu eYurophu zivame ukuhlukaniswa:
E-Asia, amasele echibi ayevame kakhulu eduze naseKamchatka. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imithombo yama-geothermal imvamisa ingatholakala ethafeni. Izinga lokushisa kuzo lifinyelela cishe kuma-Celsius angama-20, futhi lokhu, njengoba wazi, kuyinto enhle kakhulu empilweni yalesi silwane.
Ensimini yezwe lethu, kungatholakala ukutholakala kwexoxo echibini elinamathuba amaningi aphezulu uma uhlala eTomsk noma eNovosibirsk. Emifuleni efana neTom ne-Ob, ingesinye sezakhamuzi eziphambili.
Ngabe sidlani ichibi?
Photo: Lake Frog
Ukudla kwalolu hlobo kuhlukile emndenini wonke. Njengokudla kwabo, amasele echibi akhetha izibungu zamadrive, izimbungulu zamanzi, kanye nama-mollusks. Uma ukudla okusohlwini olungenhla kusilela noma kushoda, bangadla i-tadpole yezinhlobo zabo noma i-fry yezinhlanzi ezithile zasemfuleni.
Esigabeni esilandelayo, sikhuluma ngobukhulu be-amphibian ngaphansi kokucatshangelwa, okungenye yezinto eziphambili zokuhlukanisa kwezinye izinhlobo zomndeni. Ngiyabonga ngabo, ihlathi lesichibi ngezinye izikhathi lihlasele izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane ezinjenge-vole yasendle noma i-shrew, izinyoni ezincane, amaphuphu nezinyoka ezincane.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Lake Frog
Ixoxo leChibi Umndeni wamaxoxo weqiniso uyizinhlobo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-amphibian e-Eurasia. Emvelweni, ungathola abantu obukhulu babo obude buba ngamasentimitha angaphezu kuka-17. Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi kule nhlobo, izinsikazi zivame ukuba zikhulu kunezabesilisa.
Njengawo wonke amasele, ichibi, lihlala ikakhulu ogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi. Ngenxa yombala wayo, ingahanjwa kalula kunoma yisiphi isimo sezulu. Umucu wokulinganisa umhlane wakhe, ovame ukuba luhlaza ogqamile, usiza imaski ngeziqu zezitshalo zasemanzini.
Impilo yonke, amasele echibi akhetha amachibi anokujula okungamasentimitha angama-20. Imvamisa, le nhlobo ingatholakala ezitolo ezivalekile - amachibi, amachibi, imigodi nokunye.
Ixoxo lesichibi liyasebenza ngokufunda kuzungeze iwashi, ngakho-ke, uma libona ubungozi, lisabela ngokushesha futhi licashe emanzini. Ihlala emabhange ntambama, njengoba kubanjwa ukuzingela ngalesi sikhathi. Ebusika, iqhwa lesichibi lingaqhubeka nokusebenza uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingashintshi kakhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Lake Frog
Kuyathakazelisa ukwazi ukuthi ukukhiqizwa kabusha kwesichibi echibini, ngokungafani nezinye izilwane zasemanzini, akuhambisani nokufuduka. Ngokuthanda ukushisa, abesilisa bakhombisa ukulungela kwabo kokuqala kokuzala lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lifinyelela kusuka ku- +13 kuya ku- +18 degrees. Ukucula kuqala, kungenxa yokwanda kwamakhona womlomo. Ukuqiniswa okungeziwe komsindo kunikezwa kubo amabhola akhethekile angenalutho - ama-resonators, akhiqizwa lapho kukhonkotha.
Amaxoxo aqoqana ngamaqembu, kanti abesilisa akufuneki kakhulu, ngakho-ke bangabamba owesifazane oyedwa eqenjini noma bamdide ngokuthile okungaphili.
Ukuqhekeka kuzokwenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezifudumele nezivikelwe. Isele elilodwa lingazalela amaqanda ayizinkulungwane eziyi-12. Isikhathi sonke sokuzala sithatha inyanga.
Ama-tadpoles amaningi asakazeka echibini lonke, edla kulwelwe futhi elinde ithuba lawo lokuthomba, okwenzeka unyaka noma ngaphezulu emva kokutholakala kwemethamorphosis.
Izitha zemvelo zesele echibini
Photo: Lake Frog
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ichibi lechibi likhulu, livame ukuba yisisulu sezinye izilwane. Phakathi kwezitha ezimbi kakhulu zalolu hlobo, kuyisiko ukukhipha inyoka ejwayelekile, ngoba yiyona ukudla kwayo okuyinhloko.
Isele echibini livame ukuba inyamazane ezinyangeni ezidla ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Isibonelo, ingaba izimpungushe, ama-otter noma izimpungushe. Isitha esiyingozi esingenamkhawulo echibini lechibi yisiga noma i-heron. Kaningi ubona isithombe sokuthi badla kanjani ngokuzithandela, bebabamba endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Izinhlanzi ezinkulu nazo zidla amasele. Lezi zinhlanzi zibandakanya i-catfish, i-pike ne-pike perch.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Lake Frog
Lesi siqhingi sachibi sinabantu abaningi futhi sihlala emahlathini-ama-steppes, amahlathi ahlanganisiwe futhi aqine, ama-steppes, ogwadule kanye nogwadule oluyindilinga, ekhetha ukuma noma ukugeleza kwamanzi, imifula, imifula kanye namachibi kulezi zindawo zemvelo. Ngeshwa, kwezinye izindawo la ma-amphibians athandwa. Usongo ngumuntu obamba abantu ukuthi batadishe, benze izivivinyo noma bazisebenzise kwezokwelapha.
Imishubhe yasesihlahlwini sechibi idla njengokudla kwezakhamizi eziningi zasedamu. Ngasikhathi sinye, amaduna nabantu besifazane badla izinhlanzi, ngaleyo ndlela zithinte i-ichthyofauna yemizimba yamanzi. Futhi, abamele lolu hlobo bathanda izibankwa, izinyoni, izinyoka kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ukudla. Ngakho-ke, ixoxo echibini lidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kulayini wokudla.
Sengiphetha, ngifuna ukusho ukuthi ixoxo echibini, yize kungenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu zomndeni wamaxoxo wangempela, kepha lidinga ukuvikelwa. Lokhu kumane kuchaze umbala wayo, ovame ukusebenza njengokufihla okuhle kwalolu hlobo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ixoxo echibini liyizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, livame ukubanjwa ukuze lisebenzise emfundweni, kwezokwelapha nakwisayensi.
Izici zendlela yokuphila nokuziphatha kwamaxoxo echibi
Amasele echibi asebenzayo angaba imini nobusuku. Isikhathi esiningi abasichitha emanzini, babhukuda ngokuphelele futhi bathelele.
Ukubhukuda, amasele kugaya ukudla, bese uya ngasolwandle ukuyozingela. Lapho ebhukuda, indima enkulu idlalwa ngamaphaphu, agcwele umoya, avumela isele ukuba lihlale buthule phezu kwamanzi.
Emhlabeni, ahamba ngokuxhuma okuqinile. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, ayathukuza futhi acashe phansi ngotshani, phakathi kwezimila zasemanzini noma ezindaweni ezigudle ulwandle.
Athini amaxoxo echibi?
Lamaxoxo adla ukudla okuhambayo, ikakhulukazi izinambuzane: amadiplanethi, izicabucabu, amabhungane omhlabathi, izintuthwane, izichotho, amacimbi, izintethe, isikhonyane, amakhethini, amasikhethi, ama-nutcrackers, njll.
Imvamisa izingela izinambuzane otshanini olusogwini, ngokuyinhloko ilindele inyamazane, futhi igijimele kukho konke okudlulayo. Imvamisa ziyabonakala ezintweni ezinamathela ngaphandle kwamanzi noma endaweni engasogwini yogu.
Amaxoxo eLake awondli kuma-invertebrates kuphela, kepha nasezilwaneni zasemanzini - izinhlanzi ezincane, amachwane ama-waterfowl, amasele amancane. Ngisho nezimo zokuhlaselwa kwalaba bantu abangama-amphibians kumagundane nezinyoka ezincane ziyaziwa! Ngesikhathi sokudonswa kwezinhlanzi izinhlanzi, amaxoxo ngamazinga amakhulu uwaqothula, futhi ngokubukeka okuyisidina ngisho nohlobo lwazo, ziya ngokuzingela. Ngakho-ke, le amphibian iyisidlakela esihle esiqinile.
Ukubaluleka kokudla kwamaxoxo echibi akuvezwa, bangashintsha kalula kusuka kokunye ukudla kuya kokunye. Uhlobo lokudla kwabo luyehluka kakhulu phakathi nenkathi, kepha ingxenye eyinhloko yokudla iseyizinambuzane.
Ama-Tadpoles adla ku-algae, futhi kuphela ezigabeni zakamuva zokuthuthuka lapho eqala khona ukudla ukudla kwezilwane, njengama-rotifers.
I-syn. I-Pelophylax ridibundus
Yonke insimu yeBelarus
Umndeni wama-Real Frogs (Ranidae).
E-Belarus, isatshalaliswa kahle kuyo yonke indawo, imvamisa kubusa ezindaweni ezinkudlwana zasolwandle.
Ungoweqembu lamaxoxo aluhlaza. Uhlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwama-amphibians ethu. Ubude bomzimba obukhulu bufika cishe ku-10 cm. Ubude bomzimba wamadoda buyi-6 cm (5-8 cm), kwabesifazane kungamasentimitha angama-5.6 (3.7-8,5 cm), isisindo bufika ku-200 g. okusaqanda okuphelele I-eardrum iyindilinga. Isikhumba sibushelelezi.Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuhlukanisa: uma imilenze icindezelwe okhalweni futhi ibekwa i-perpendicular ku-axis ende yomzimba, khona-ke amalunga e-ankle ahamba ngamunye, i-tubercle yangaphakathi ye-calcaneal iphansi, imvamisa kunezikhathi ezi-2 ezimfishane kunomunwe wokuqala, ama-resonators angamaduna (amabhola emakhoneni omlomo, ezi-inflated) grey, kwesinye isikhathi cishe kube mnyama. Emadodeni, ngesikhathi sokuzalela, ezinzwaneni zokuqala zonyawo lwangaphambili, kuqina ukuqina - ukubumbana okungabodwa. Abesifazane bavame ukuba bakhulu kunabesilisa.
Ngaphezulu komzimba upendiwe ngombala onsundu-oluhlaza okotshani obukhulu obunemibala e-brown, brown, green noma kwesinye isikhathi ama-olive. Kukhona amabala amnyama amnyama emuva, ahluka ngesibalo, usayizi nesimo. Ngaphezulu kwekhanda nogaba, iningi labantu (kuze kufike ku-90%) abahlala eBelarus baneqembu elikhanyayo lamazinga ahlukahlukene wokuvezwa (i-0.3-0.5% yezinhlobo zabantu ezithile ezingama-zigzag).
Umzimba ophansi upendiwe umbala omhlophe noma omphuzi ngombala, ezimweni eziningi kunamabala amaningi amnyama, kwesinye isikhathi amnyama. Kunamahende anqobayo emlenzeni wangemuva. Amehlo umbala wegolide okhanyayo.
I-larva noma i-tadpole, umnqumo okhanyayo ngombala, omile ngopende. Igebe phakathi kwamehlo libanzi kunezikhathi ezi-2 ububanzi kunebanga eliphakathi kwamakhala. Ezindebeni ezingaphezulu zediski yomlomo engu-2-3, ezansi - imigqa engu-3 yamazinyo.
Kuholela kwendlela yokuphila enempilo. Isele echibini lihlala ezindlini ezingapheli, ezijulile (ngaphezu kwama-20 cm). Isikhathi esiningi laba bangabadala, amachibi, amachibi, imigodi, kepha kaningi kungatholakala ngasogwini lwemifula emikhulu nemincane. E-Belarus, isele lechibi lisatshalaliswa ngokungalingani, inani labantu liyahlukahluka kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-300-550 amasampula nge-100 m yobubanzi basogwini. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sibonisa isifunda eseningizimu republic.
Iyasebenza ubusuku nemini, kepha ikakhulukazi phakathi nosuku. Izikhathi ezisebenza kakhulu yizikhathi ezifudumele kakhulu zosuku (kusuka emahoreni ayi-12 kuye kwayi-17). Okuvame ukuzingela emhlabeni ngasogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi. Emanzini, okuvame ukucasha kuyo ngengozi, ukudonsa emanzini, amabhampa noma amaqabunga ezitshalo zasemanzini. Ngesikhathi somsebenzi wasemini, amasele enza imibala yomswakama echibini. Ebusuku, emazingeni okushisa aphansi, awabi sengozini yokuphuma, ngakho-ke angaba semhlabeni isikhathi eside. Amaxoxo amancane, angafakwanga ayaphawuleka ngokwenza kwawo okuphezulu ehlobo; izintokazi zinomsebenzi omncane omncane, abesilisa babe cishe nengxenye yemisebenzi yokudla njengabesifazane.
Njengawo wonke amasele, ichibi lidla izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene (ama-68-95% wokudla), okungama-27% azo ezezinhlobo ezindizayo. Ama-invertebrates ahlukahlukene asemanzini (izibungu zamadrakole, amabhungane nezibungu zawo, ama-mollusks) nakho kusebenza njengokudla okujwayelekile. Kwezinye izimo, lapho kunezinhlanzi eziningi namathaveni ezindaweni zokugcina, inani lezindlela zasemanzini lifinyelela ku-70%; bayakwazi ukondla ngokudla kwenhlanzi ezindaweni lapho begxila emachibini ezinhlanzi. Kepha ezindaweni zokugcina zemvelo, indima yezinhlanzi ekondleni amaxoxo echibi lincane. I-Cannibalism ishiwo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinenqwaba yokudla, lapho kufinyelela kuma-98% izibungu kanye nezimbumbulu ngesikhathi sonke esisebenzayo. Imvamisa, amasele amancane azo zonke kanye nezinye izinhlobo zawo nawo aba inyamazane yesele. Ngokungafani namanye ama-amphibians, lelixoxo elikhulu kwesinye isikhathi lihlasela izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane (ama-voles amasimu, ama-shrews), izinyoni ezincane, amachwane, izinyoka ezincane (kaningi kuba mnyama). Kodwa-ke, ukwakheka kokudla kuyahluka kakhulu. Kwezinye izindawo, indima ebalulekile ekudleni idlalwa yizinambuzane zomhlaba (kuze kufike ku-80-90%).
Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, ngokushesha isele liphonsa ulimi olunamathele ngaphambili. Ukunamathela kolimi kubanjwa imihlathi ifakwe amazinyo amancane.
Isele echibini uqobo liyisisulu senhlanzi (i-pike, zander, perches, burbot), ezihuquzelayo (izinyoka, izinyoka). Imvamisa iba inyamazane yezinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni (ama-gulls, ama-terns, ama-grebes, amadada, ama-storks, ama-herons, isiphuzo, izinduku, amagwababa, izingwegwe, ama-shammes, ama-julans nezinyoni zezinyamazane). Kwezilwane ezincelisayo, imidlwane, amagundane, izimpisi, izimpungushe, izinja ze-raccoon, izinsimbi, iziwula, izindunduma, ama-martens, amabhulukwe, ama-otter, kanye namakati asekhaya.
Isele echibini libonakaliswa yigagasi eliyindilinga noma ukuduma okukhulu kwe "warr." Noma "iqhude." Kodwa-ke, esiqwini sechibi, umsebenzi wamaduna uyaqhubeka ngemuva kwesikhathi sokuzala. Emadodeni, ngenkathi kuculwa ekhoneni lomlomo, kufakwa amabhola ampunga - ama-resonators akhonza ukuthuthukisa umsindo. Kuyamangaza ukuthi igama eliqondile lesiLatini elithi Rana ridibunda ngesiBelarusian lisho ukuthi “ragatuha” noma “ukuhleka” ngesiRashiya. Abesilisa besele echibini benza ukuhlolwa kwabo kwezwi kokuqala lapho amanzi efudumala aze afike ku-14-16 C phakathi nosuku, ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Esikhathini sokuzalela, ikwaya yabesilisa ikhala cishe usuku lonke futhi iphazanyiswa kuphela ukusuka ku-03:00 a.m. kuya ku-06:00 a.m. (isikhathi sokupholisa).
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, abesilisa basebenza kakhulu futhi bakhulu. Ukuhluma nokuvuvukala kuqala ekuqaleni kukaMeyi emazingeni okushisa wamanzi we-15-20 ° C. Ukunwebeka kuqala ekushiseni okukhulu nokuvikelwa ezindaweni zomoya zezindikimba zamanzi. Akuwona wonke amaxoxo abeka amaqanda ngasikhathi sinye: inkathi yokuzalanisa ihlala yinde kakhulu futhi kuthatha okungenani izinsuku ezingama-30 ukuya ku-30 ngesiqu esinezimpaphe ngoMeyi kanye neziqubu zokugcina ezintsha maphakathi no-June ngasekupheleni kwezinga lokushisa lamanzi okungenani 17-18 ° C.
Amabala aqabulayo echibini echibini ahlala njalo. Iningi labantu likhetha amadamu ajulile wokuzala, agcwele i-elodea, ichibi, umcibisholo nezinye izitshalo. Kwesinye isikhathi ukuqhuma kwenzeka ezitolo ezincane ezingashoni, ezifudumeza kahle futhi zitholakala eduze kwezingapheli. Lesi yisici sabantu abaqala ukuzalanisa kuqala.
Umanyolo kule zinhlobo ungaphandle. I-Caviar ibekwe ngendlela yesigaxa esakhiwe ngenxa yokucwiywa kolwelwesi lwe-mucous lobuso. Ububanzi beqanda lexoxo lesichibi liyi-1.5-2 mm, kuthi lelo iqanda lonke ngu-7-8 mm. Ingxenye engenhla yeqanda inombala onsundu, bese kuthi ngaphansi kube mhlophe. Insikazi ifaka amaqanda ezigabeni (eziyi-150- 4600 ngasinye) ezitshalweni zasemanzini, imvamisa ekujuleni kwama-0.6-1.3 m. Ukuzala kungamaqanda angama-1032-6200. Isikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kweCaviar sincike kwisimo sezulu esifudumele nokushisa kwamanzi.
Izibungu ziyavela ngezinsuku 5-9, ukuthuthukisa izinsuku 75-100. Amadambose anomsila omude ozungezwe yimali eyenziwe kahle. Izinsimbi zangaphandle zihlukaniswe ngochungechunge lwama-lobes. Umbala womzimba wama tadpoles uphuzi okhanyayo noma onsundu. Ifinyelela cishe ku-30 mm ubude, amacadadolo aphenduka abe luhlaza. Ukhule ube ngu-80-100 mm. Isikhathi sokukhula kwesixoxo echibi singesinye isikhathi eside kunazo zonke phakathi kwama-amphibians angenantambo. Kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-80-90. Kepha amachaphaza esihlahlana echibi akhula ngokushesha kunezinye izinhlobo eziningi. Izinga lokushisa lamanzi elihamba phambili kubo yi-18-28 ° C. Ekushiseni kwamanzi okungu-5-6 ° C, ukuthuthukiswa kwama tadpoles, bese kuthi ngo-1-2 ° C bafe. Amasayizi we-underyearlings abhekane ne-metamorphosis ahluka kusuka ku-17-35 mm.
Ukuthomba ngonyaka wesithathu wokuphila.
Amaxoxo echibini adlula ngaphezulu ezansi, imvamisa ezitolo ezifanayo lapho ahlala khona ngenkathi efudumele, kepha kwesinye isikhathi athuthela ezindaweni ezijulile lapho kukhona khona okhiye. Njengamaxoxo otshani, ayasinda ngesikhathi samakhaza phansi kwamachibi, kwesinye isikhathi ubusika ndawonye, kepha-ke, njengokuthanda kakhulu ukushisa, ahamba ayobusika ekuqaleni konyaka, ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba noma ngo-Okthoba, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lehla lifinyelela ku-8-10 ° C. Amachibi angenawo yiqhwa anamanzi afudumele (amachibi-opholile weSiteshi Samandla Amandla AsekuseMelika yi-Cocozersk State) asebenza cishe bonke ubusika. Kuyaziwa ukuthi iqhwa lechibi livela ebusika ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 ukuya kwezingama-30 kunelo elinsundu, kepha ukubonwa ngaseMinsk kukhombisa ukuthi ngasekupheleni kukaMashi kwenzeka ogwini lwezidumbu zamanzi lapho ebusika khona kanye namasele.
Ubusika
Isikhathi sokusekelwa kwamaxoxo echibi silingana nezinsuku eziyi-140 ngonyaka. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, le nhlobo ingena ekubandakanyeni ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - Okthoba, futhi ivuka ngoMashi-Ephreli. Zihlala ngokuzikhandla ngawodwana noma kaningi ngokwamaqembu, zingcwatshwe kusilika ngaphansi kwamachibi noma imifula ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-0.5.
Frog enomugqa oluhlaza ogqamile - ungubani?
Uma ubudoba,-ke, ngokweqiniso, ubunaka ukunqwabelana okukhulu kwamaxoxo eduze nolwandle noma ichibi. Imvamisa, ezindaweni ezinjalo kunesele elibizwa ngokuthi "ichibi". Ubhekwa njengommeleli omkhulu womndeni wamaxoxo ezweni lethu. Isele echibini lingelesigaba se-amphibian, i-oda - alinamila.
Izitha
Izitha eziphambili zamachibi echibi yi-heron, amadada ezifuywayo nawo azidla ngokuzithandela, azibamba zivela edwaleni.
Ezinye izinyoni zingadla amasele nemidlwane - ama-terns, udade, amadada asendle. Phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo, zihlaselwa ama-martens, isasel, izimpungushe, ama-steppe hori, njll. Kufanele futhi besabe izinyoka ezijwayelekile nezamanzi. Ezinye izinhlanzi, ezinjenge-trout, nazo zingahlasela amasele kanye namadududu. Phakathi kwama-invertebrates, izitha zezihlahla zamachibi echibi ama-mabhungane okubhukuda, izingwe, izibungu zamadrako.
Ngabe ixoxo echibini liziphatha kanjani ngokwemvelo, iziphi izici zalo?
Ngokuqondene nezindawo zemvelo, cishe yonke imizimba yamanzi ahlanzekile kunoma yiziphi izifunda (kusukela ogwadule kuya emahlathini asenyakatho) alungele lexoxo. Emachibini, amachibi nemifula - ichibi lamachibi - umhlali ogcwele. Iningi lakhona likhangwa yizibuko ezivulekile, ezikhanyiswe kahle, lapho kukhona khona izimila eziningi eziluhlaza. Ungamangali ukubona iqembu lonke lalezi zidalwa ngasogwini lwesichibi - kumawa echibini lokhu kuyinto evamile.
Ngaphezu komugqa ogqamile, isele libuye libe nezindawo ezincane ezimnyama emzimbeni wonke
Ukhetha amazinga okushisa afudumele ngokulinganiselwe wamanzi nemvelo, yize kuye kwaba nezimo lapho la maxoxo emelana nokushisa kwama-degree angama-40!
Amaxoxo echibi echibi abonakala ngokwanda komsebenzi: imini nobusuku. Njengamalungu amaningi omndeni wabo, amasele echibi angamakhono ahlukahlukene. Leli khono libanikeza amandla okufihla ngokoqobo ngaphansi kwamanzi ngaso leso sikhathi uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi.
Ngabe udlani umuntu ohlala echibini?
Isele echibini lizitholela ukudla yonke indawo: emanzini nasemhlabeni. Izakhi ezisemqoka zokudla kwalo izikelemu, izinambuzane (izimpukane, izimvemvane), ama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans amancane. Kodwa ubukhulu obukhulu bexoxo buyayivumela ukuthi inyamekele ngisho “nezihlobo” zayo, ezincane kuphela. Isibonelo, isele echibini ngaphandle kwesazela linokuthatha futhi ligwinye ixoxo elincanyana! Phakathi kwenyamazane yayo kukhona nezinyoka ezincane namagundane, amaphuphu asanda kuzalwa, futhi emanzini lesi sidlo esidla izindwani singabamba izinhlanzi kalula. Ukwenza kanjani konke lokhu kalula kangaka? Isele echibini lisabela ngombani, libonga lona nolimi lwalo olunamathela olude ukuthi isele likuthola kalula ukudla kwalo.
Isele lidla ngempumelelo efanayo emanzini nasemhlabeni
Izitha zemvelo zesele echibini - zingobani?
Mhlawumbe lokhu kuhlala kumachibi namachibi kungabhekwa njengokuthandwa kakhulu njengokudla kwezinye izilwane. Akanandaba nokudla zombili izakhamizi zasemanzini (amapayiphu, izimbotshana nezinye izinhlanzi), nabakhileyo ezweni (izinyoka, izinyoka, amagundane, amabhulukwe, izindunduma, iziwula, izinsimbi zezinsila, izimpungushe, izimpisi, iziloba, kanye nezitha ezinamaphiko (izikhova, amadada, izingwamza, izimbotshana, izingulube, amajuba nabanye).