Izinhlanzi zeZebra zihlala esifundeni sase-Indo-Pacific. Sisatshalaliswa eNtshonalanga Australia naseMalaysia esiqhingini saseMarquesas nase-Oeno, enyakatho eseningizimu neJapan naseNingizimu Korea, kubandakanya neSouth Lord Howe, Kermadek kanye neSouth Island.
I-Zebra Fish (i-Pterois volitans)
Izinhlanzi zeZebra zangena echibini lolwandle eduze neFlorida lapho kubhujiswa i-aquarium yama-reef phakathi kweSiphepho u-Andrew ngo-1992. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izinhlanzi zidedelwa olwandle ngamathuba noma ngabantu ngamabomu. Yimiphi imiphumela yemvelo yalokhu kwethulwa okungalindelekile kwezinhlanzi ze-zebra ezimweni ezintsha, akekho ongabikezela.
Indawo yokuhlala yezinhlanzi ze-zebra.
Izinhlanzi ze-Zebra ngokuyinhloko zihlala phakathi kwezixhobo, kepha zibhukuda emanzini afudumele, olwandle lwethropiki. Zivame ukuzulazula emaweni nasemifantwini yamakhorali ebusuku futhi zifihla emihumeni nasemifantwini yosuku lonke.
Izinhlanzi ze-Zebra - izinhlanzi ze-aquarium
Izimpawu zangaphandle zenhlanzi ye-zebra.
Izinhlanzi zeZebra zinekhanda nomzimba ochazwe kahle, ezinemivimbo ebomvu noma yegolide nsundu egcwele ngemuva ophuzi. Amachaphaza amachashaza futhi ahlangene anemigqa emnyama yamabala ngemuva.
Izinhlanzi zeZebra zihlukaniswa kwezinye izifebe ngokuba khona kwezikhala ezingama-13 kunezi-12 ezinobuthi, futhi zibe nemisebe emide eyi-14, efana nezimpaphe. I-anal fin nge-3 spikes nemisebe engu-6-7. Izinhlanzi zeZebra zingakhula zibe nobude obungamasentimitha angama-38. Ezinye izici zokubukeka kwangaphandle zifaka phakathi amabala ama-bony anweba ngasohlangothini lwekhanda namaphethelo, ukumboza ingxenye yamehlo kanye nokuvuleka kwempumulo. Ngaphezulu kwamehlo womabili, ukuphuma okuyisipesheli kuyabonakala - "ama-tentacle".
Ukuzalela izinhlanzi ze-zebra.
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izinhlanzi ze-zebra zibuthana ezikoleni ezincane zezinhlanzi ezi-3-8. Lapho izinhlanzi ze-zebra sezikulungele ukuzalaniswa, umehluko wangaphandle uyabonakala phakathi kwabantu bobulili obuhlukile.
Umbala wesilisa uba mnyama futhi ufana ngokwengeziwe, imivimbo ayisho kanjalo.
Abesifazane bayabungena ngesikhathi sokuhlanza. Isisu sabo, isifunda somlomo kanye nomlomo sithola umbala omhlophe-wesiliva. Ngakho-ke, owesilisa uthola kalula abesifazane ebumnyameni. Ishona phansi bese ilele eceleni kwesikazi, isekele umzimba ngamaphiko we-ventral. Ube esechaza imibuthano ezungeze insikazi, inyukele ebusweni bamanzi ngemuva kwakhe. Ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka, amaphiko wesifazane wepectoral ayaqhaqhazela. Umusi ungahamba wehle futhi ukhuphuke emanzini amahlandla amaningi ngaphambi kokuqhuma. Ngemuva kwalokho owesimame ukhipha amashubhu amabili angenalutho anama-mucus agobhoza ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngemuva kwemizuzu engaba ngu-15, la mapayipi agcwaliswa ngamanzi futhi aba amabhola okusaqanda kusuka kububanzi obungu-2 kuya ku-5 cm. Kulawa amabhola we-mucous alele ezingqekweni zamaqanda ezi-1-2. Inani lamaqanda lisuka ku-2000 liya ku-15000. Owesilisa ukhipha uketshezi oludonsa ngaphakathi, olungena emaqanda, aluvundise.
Amahora ayishumi nambili emva kokukhulelwa, imibungu iqala ukwakha. Ngemuva kwamahora ayi-18, ikhanda liyabonakala, bese kuthi amahora angama-36 emva kokukhulelwa, kuqale uFry. Eminyakeni emine yezinsuku, izibungu zibhukuda kahle futhi zidla ama-ciliates amancane.
Izici zokuziphatha kwezinhlanzi ze-zebra.
Izinhlanzi zeZebra ziyizinhlanzi ezihamba ebusuku ezihamba ebumnyameni ngosizo lokuhamba kancane okufana nokuhamba kwamagagasi omgodi nasemahlathini. Yize bondla ikakhulukazi kuze kube sekuseni, kwesinye isikhathi badla ntambama. Ekuntweleni kokusa, izinhlanzi ze-zebra zifihla ezindaweni zokukhosela phakathi kwamakhorali namatshe.
Izinhlanzi zihlala ngamaqembu amancane eneminyaka engu-fry naphakathi kokuzalela.
Kodwa-ke, esikhathini esiningi sezimpilo zabo, izinhlanzi ezindala zingabantu bebodwa futhi zivikela indawo yazo kwezinye izidlozi nezinhlanzi zezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezinhlobonhlobo zisebenzisa izinzipho ezinobuthi emhlane wazo. Izinhlanzi ze-zebra zesilisa zinolaka kakhulu kunezinsikazi. Ngesikhathi sokuphola, owesilisa, lapho kuvela isitha, usondela kulowo ongenile ngamaphiko ahlukane. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokucasuka, ubhukuda emuva naphambili, eveza ubuthi obunobuthi emhlane wakhe phambi kwesitha. Lapho umgadli esondela, ameva ayaqhaqhazela, ikhanda liyanyakaziswa, kuthi owesilisa azame ukuluma ikhanda lomuntu ongenile. Lokhu kulunywa ngokhahlo kungakhumula izingxenye zomzimba ezitheni, ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu okonile uvame ukukhubeka ngemikhonto ebukhali.
Inhlanzi yeZebra yinhlanzi eyingozi.
Ku-lionfish, emaphethelweni emisebe yamaphinifa e-dorsal yokuqala, kunezindlala ezinobuthi. Izinhlanzi azihlaseli abantu, kepha ngokuxhumana ngephutha nge-spikes enobuthi, izinhlungu zihlala isikhathi eside. Ngemuva kokuxhumana nezinhlanzi, kuboniswa izimpawu zobuthi: ukujuluka, ukucindezelwa kokuphefumula, ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo.
Ukudla izinhlanzi ze-zebra.
Izinhlanzi zeZebra zithola ukudla phakathi kwezixhobo zamakhorali. Zidla ikakhulu ama cr craceans, zidla ezinye ama-invertebrates nezinhlanzi ezincane, kubandakanya nefry yezinhlobo zazo. Izinhlanzi zeZebra zidla izikhathi eziphindwe cishe ku-8.2 zomzimba wazo ngonyaka. Le nhlobo idla ekushoneni kwelanga, lesi yisikhathi esihle sokuzingela, ngoba kulokhu isikhathi sempilo yamakhorali siyasebenza. Ekushoneni kwelanga, izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zasemini nezinsuku ezingama-invertebrates ziya endaweni yokuphumula, izidalwa zasebusuku ziyaphuma ziyondliwa. Izinhlanzi zeZebra akudingeki ukuthi zisebenze kanzima ukuthola ukudla. Bavele bancibilike emadwaleni nakuma-coral bese beqa inyamazane kusuka ngaphansi. Ukuhamba okubushelelezi emanzini kanye nombala wokuzivikela akubangeli izisulu zesikhathi esizayo ukwethuka, futhi nezinhlanzi ezincane azisabeli ngokushesha ngokubonakala kwe-lionfish. Iphethini enemibala enemibala emzimbeni ivumela inhlanzi ukuba ihlangane nesizinda samagatsha wamakhorali, ama-starfish kanye nama-urchins olwandle.
ILionfish ibiza inhlanzi yengonyama
Izinhlanzi zeZebra zihlasela ngokushesha kakhulu futhi kwelinye gulp elimnandi zidonsa inyamazane yazo emilonyeni yazo. Lokhu kuhlaselwa kwenziwa kalula futhi ngokushesha kangangokuba ezinye izisulu ezivela esikoleni sezinhlanzi kungenzeka zingaboni nokuthi esinye sezihlobo senyamalele. Izinhlanzi zeZebra zizingela izinhlanzi emanzini avulekile eduze kobuso, zilindele inyamazane engaphansi kwamamitha angama-20-30 ukusuka ezingeni lamanzi futhi zibheke izikole ezincane zezinhlanzi kwesinye isikhathi eziphuma emanzini zibalekele ezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye. Futhi lapho baphinda bangeniswa emanzini, baba yizisulu ze-lionfish.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlanzi, izinhlanzi ze-zebra zidla ama-invertebrates, ama-amphipods, ama-isopod namanye ama-crustaceans. I-Zebra fish glide eduze kwesigatshana (amatshe noma isihlabathi) bese iyavevezela ngemisebe yamaphiko awo ukuze kukhiphe inyamazane encane emanzini evulekile.
Lapho kunokudla okuningi, izinhlanzi zihlela kancane kancane kwikholamu yamanzi, zingakwenza ngaphandle kokudla okungenani amahora angama-24.
Izinhlanzi zeZebra zikhula ngokushesha futhi zifinyelela ngosayizi omkhulu zisencane. Lesi sici sandisa amathuba okusinda nokuzala ngempumelelo kwinzalo.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kwezinhlanzi ze-zebra.
Izinhlanzi zeZebra azifakwa kuhlu njengezinhlobo ezisengozini noma ezisengozini yokuphela. Kodwa-ke, ukwanda kokungcoliswa kwezixhobo zamakhorali kulindeleke ukuthi kuholele ekushoneni kwezinhlanzana eziningi zezinhlanzi kanye nezinhlobo ezi-crustacean ezidla izinhlanzi ze-zebra. Uma izinhlanzi ze-zebra zingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nalezi zinguquko ngokukhetha eminye imithombo yokudla, ngalokho-ke, izinombolo zazo zizoqhubeka zinciphe ngokuzayo.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Inhlanzi yeLionfish noma ye-zebra. Incazelo, indlela yokuphila, amaqiniso athakazelisayo. Photo and video lionfish
I-lionfish yathola igama lesidlaliso sayo ukuze ibe nama-pectoral fins amakhulu, athuthukiswe kahle kangangokuba ubungako bawo obukhulu bubenza bafanane namaphiko ezinyoni. Isidumbu senhlanzi sigcwele isibalo esikhulu semisebe ebukhali ende nenobuthi. Ukujova okunesipikimba kubuhlungu kakhulu, lapho umuntu angawela khona ngenxa yokwethuka kobuhlungu, okuyingozi enkulu ngokujula, ngoba i-diver ayinaso isikhathi sokubheka esikebheni noma ukubhukuda iya ogwini. Ezimweni ezingavamile, izicubu ze-necrosis zingakheka endaweni yomjovo, okuholela ekuqhekekeni komlenze opendwe.
Ingozi enkulu yemisebe enobuthi ye-lionfish iyenza ibe ngesinye sezakhamuzi zolwandle olubi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nhlanzi iphila isikhathi eside kakhulu ezihlahleni zamakhorali ezimnandi, okuyisiko okuyindawo eyintandokazi yabaphambukeli ukungena emanzini. Umuntu ongenalwazi noma umuntu omfakelwe ubuhle bezinhlanzi nakanjani uzokhanywa uma ezama ukushaya i-lionfish.
Inhlanzi yeLionfish noma ye-zebra. Incazelo, indlela yokuphila, amaqiniso athakazelisayo. Photo and video lionfish
Kodwa-ke, i-lionfish iyashesha ukuthambekela. Uchitha isikhathi sakhe esiningi ngaphandle kokunyakaza, ukulala esiswini phansi, noma ukugibela emseleni. Uhamba ngokuzingela ebusuku kuphela. Ubambela inyamazane yakhe emanzini ukuze ayise emlonyeni omkhulu lapho isondela eduze kwephango. Phakathi kwemibala ekhanyayo yedwala lamakhorali, ibhubesi le-lionfish libukeka njengesihlahla esihle “esivamile”, izinhlanzi ezincane, ama-shrimps noma ama-mollusks nakanjani afuna ukuwahlola. Kepha leli khono linye lokuziguqula njengesixhaxha se-algae kubantu, njengoba sekushiwo, kwesinye isikhathi siphenduka kabuhlungu.
Inhlanzi yeLionfish noma ye-zebra. Incazelo, indlela yokuphila, amaqiniso athakazelisayo. Photo and video lionfish
Ngokuvamile, indawo yamakhorali edwala mihle njengeyingozi. Uma ubona iqembu elikhulu akuyona into enkulu, futhi, njengoba wazi, angahlasela umuntu, uma embheka njengembangi yensimu yakhe, kwesinye isikhathi kuba nzima ukubona i-moray eel, inyoka noma i-lionfish. Ngakho-ke, qaphela. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-lionfish ayihlaseli kuqala, futhi imijovo ingahleliwe.
Inhlanzi yeLionfish noma ye-zebra. Incazelo, indlela yokuphila, amaqiniso athakazelisayo. Photo and video lionfish
Ungakhuluma ngokubonakala kwe-lionfish isikhathi eside. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-lionfish ezihlala olwandle ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi nangebala. ECaribbean, kunabantu abakhula babe ngamasentimitha angama-55. Ngokuvamile, izinhlanzi azidluli ku-cm ezingama-30. Amaphinthi amakhulu we-pectoral abonakala kuzo zonke izinsalela ze-lionfish. Emhlane kunemisebe emide. Ama-caudal ne-anal fin adluliselwa kude nomsila. Umbala ufana nemivimbo ye-zebra, lapho kuvela khona igama elingelona le-lionfish - inhlanzi ye-zebra.
Azikho izitha eziningi eduze kwe-lionfish emhlangeni. Kutholakale izinsalela zale nhlanzi kuphela esiswini samaqembu amakhulu. Ingozi enkulu yezinhlanzi ze-zebra umuntu. Uyisebenzisa njengezinhlanzi zasemanzini.
Inhlanzi yeLionfish noma ye-zebra. Incazelo, indlela yokuphila, amaqiniso athakazelisayo. Photo and video lionfish
Kubukeka kanjani
Izinhlanzi zeZebra zathola igama lazo ezingekho emthethweni ngenxa yemivimbo engajwayelekile enemibala eminingi (imvamisa ebomvu, grey no brown) emboza wonke umzimba wayo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokusemthethweni futhi inegama elithi "igama" - i-lionfish - ngokufana kwamaphiko amakhulu e-pectoral anamaphiko. Abanye ochwepheshe be-ichthyologists bakhetha ukumbiza ngokuthi inhlanzi yengonyama ukuze afane nenkosi yezilwane, imnikeze amachwane amade, anjengebhubesi elingamabhubesi kanye nelamaphisi. Kunoma ikuphi, noma ngabe yiliphi igama lale nhlanzi, kuzoba ngumbuzo wale nhlanzi efanayo engafani neze futhi ekhumbulekayo.
Naphezu kobuhle bayo nokuxakaniseka kwayo, le nhlanzi encane (ubude bomzimba cishe 30 cm, isisindo - 1 kg) ayikwazi ukuziqhenya ngobumnene nokuzetheza: izinaliti ezinobuthi, ezifihlwe ngokuqinile emigqonyeni emide, zisebenza njengesikhali sokuzivikela esithembekile, esisebenza ngisho nangemva kwesikhathi esithile eside. emva kokufa kwenhlanzi.
Indlela Yokuphila Nokuzala
Emihumeni emincane noma emifudlaneni etholakala phakathi kwamakhorali noma ngaphansi kwedwala akhethe izinhlanzi ze-zebra njengendawo yazo. Kukulezi zindawo phakathi nosuku lapho, ubukhulu becala, bakhetha ukucasha, kuyilapho bengakhohlwa “ukudalula” amaphiko abo ayingozi. Lapho kuqala ukuhwalala, isikhathi siqala kulezi zidalwa zasolwandle ukuzingela i-crayfish, igobolondo, umhluzi, kanye nenhlanzi encane. Ngenxa yokubukeka kwayo okungajwayelekile, izinhlanzi ze-zebra zidonsela ukunaka izakhamuzi zasolwandle ezinelukuluku, ezikubheka njengomsebenzi wazo ukusondela nokuhlola lesi sidalwa esingaziwa. Lokhu yilokho okulindelwe ngumhlaseli: izinhlanzi ezingenamdlandla kanye nama-crustaceans ngokushesha futhi zingene kuye ngqo “etafuleni lokudlela”. Imvamisa ye-lionfish ifuna ukuzingela okuthe xaxa, lapho sebesakaze amaphiko abo, baguqula inyamazane yabo yaba yindilinga ejwayelekile, emva kwalokho baqala ukudla.
Izinhlanzi ze-zebra zesilisa zibonisa umsebenzi ongaphezu kovamile, zizama ukuthola ukunakwa nokuzitika kowesifazane. Abaphenyi bempilo engaphansi kwamanzi baphawula izimpi ezigcwele igazi ukuthi abesilisa balwa bodwa ukuze bazuze indawo nensikazi. Ngenxa yalokho, owesilisa onqobayo uthola zonke izinsikazi ezihlala endaweni enqobile futhi uqala isikhathi sokuthandana kwazo kusihlwa nasebusuku. Inhlanzi ye-zebra yesifazane iphonsa amaqanda afakwe ebhola le-mucous emithanjeni emibili. Ukuntanta phezulu, amabhola ayabhujiswa, asusa ama-2 000 kuya ku-15,000 amaqanda.
I-ichthyologists yaphawula izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile zalezi zinhlanzi ezingajwayelekile, enye yazo okungukungqubuzana, okungajwayelekile, isikhundla somzimba hhayi nje ngezikhathi zokuphumula, kepha futhi nangesikhathi sokubhukuda. Izinhlanzi zeZebra, zinaka ngokukhethekile ukunethezeka kwazo, zingakunaki ukuthi zibukeka kanjani ukusuka ohlangothini, futhi zingahambela emanzini ngokoqobo zibheke phansi, kanye nokubheka phansi. Enye into ehlukile yalesi sakhamuzi sasolwandle yikhono lokususa isikhumba, isimilo sezinyoka ezihlala emhlabeni, - ukuncibilika, ngenxa yalokho kuvezwa isembozo esisha senhlanzi. Isibindi senhlanzi ye-zebra, engaze ibaleke, ibona ingozi, ifanele ukuhlonishwa. Kulokhu, uyama futhi athumele "imicibisholo" yakhe enobuthi kumuntu owonile - ikakhulukazi amade atholakala kumaphathi we-dorsal.
Ingozi ebantwini
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukujova kwecala lezinhlanzi elinesihlungu sezinhlanzi ze-zebra akuyona into ebulalayo kubantu, kungaba yingozi ngokungemthetho ngenxa yokwephulwa okukhulu komsebenzi wenhliziyo, ukusikwa kwemisipha okuphoxayo kanye nokukhula kwesimo sokuthuthumela okujulile. Lokhu kuzofaka ekugcineni ukufa komuntu uma kwenzeka ubuthi bube ngokujula okukhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokulunga, kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi inhlanzi ye-zebra ayikaze ithathe isinyathelo kuqala futhi ayihlaseli kuqala. Angasebenzisa kuphela “isikhali” sakhe esinobuthi ukuphendula ezenzweni zomuntu ezisebenzayo.
ILionfish - isakhamuzi esiyingozi soLwandle Olubomvu
Izakhamizi zoLwandle Olubomvu zingahle zingabi zinhle nje kuphela, kepha futhi zingaba yingozi. Sizokutshela nge-lionfish, futhi enamagama ambalwa: i-lionfish enemichilo, inhlanzi yengonyama, izinhlanzi ze-zebra. Futhi ngesiLatini ibizwa nge- Pterois volitans. ILionfish iyingozi ngobuthi bayo, obutholakala emithanjeni ekhethekile enobuthi etholakala emafini eduze komsila, emuva nangemuva kwesisu. Izinhlanzi zeZebra ngokujwayelekile zihlala ezigodini zamakhorali futhi ziyingxenye yesisekelo semvelo yomhlanga. Njengoba sazi, amadwala wamakhorali ajwayelekile oLwandlekazi i-Indian, i-Atlantic kanye ne-Pacific Oceans, iCaribbean, Red, and Andaman Seas. Kukulezi zilondolozi lapho i-lionfish ihlala khona.
Ngabe izinhlanzi ezingonyama ziyizingela kanjani?
Zilele phansi, kuvuleke imichilo yazo, noma eduze kwedwala. Ngakho-ke, ziyakwazi ukuba njenge-algae enemibala. Baqamba amanga ukuze inhlanzi encane, ebabheka njenge-algae, iqale ukubhukuda emihlanjini yabo. Futhi-ke i-lionfish ivula umlomo wayo igwinye amanzi kanye nesihlabathi nenhlanzi (i-shrimp) ebhukuda eduze.
Ngesikhathi sokuntywila ebusuku, ibhubesi lilandela ukwehluka kwe-scuba ngoba kulula kakhulu kubo ukuba bazingele ngokukhanya kwezibane zabo. Ngakho-ke, qaphela kakhulu! Awungeke uqaphele inhlanzi ebumnyameni, uyilimaze futhi uyihlabe ngamaphayi anobuthi.
Ungazi kanjani isisulu se-lionfish?
Izinhlanzi zeZebra zihola indlela yokuphila ebambekayo, evuselelayo. Uma ubhukuda, futhi zilele phansi - ungesabi, ngeke zikuthinte. Akunjalo zama ukubathinta futhi ubashaye. Futhi abahlukahlukene abangenalwazi bangaba nesifiso esifanayo.Lapho-ke uzothola khona manjalo ubuthi bokudutshulwa obunobuthi. Futhi njengoba amaphisi ebhubesi le-lionfish etholakala emzimbeni wonke, ukujova ngensimbi enobuthi akunakugwenywa.
Ngabe ubuthi be-lionfish busebenza kanjani?
Kukholakala ukuthi ubuthi benhlanzi ebhubesi ayibulalanga. Umuntu uzwa izinhlungu ezinzima futhi evutha endaweni yomjovo. Ubuthi busakazeka ngokugeleza kwegazi futhi kwezinye izimo bubangela ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula kanye nethambo. Kungahle kube khona nokugoba, ukushaqeka kobuhlungu, kanye nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo. Manje ake sicabange ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwamanzi. Vele, ushintsho olunjalo emzimbeni we-diver lungabulala, ngoba ngeke akwazi ukuphefumula futhi aphume ngaphandle.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni yomjovo, kwakhiwa i-edema, engahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa. Isilonda sizophinda slimaze izinsuku eziningi. Ukwehla kungadlulisela imithambo yegazi, izinzwa (kuye ngokuthi ibhubesi le-lionfish), zibangele ukuphazamiseka kokujikeleza komzimba kanye nokuqhuma kwesikhumba uma ukutheleleka ne-necrosis yezicubu kungena esilondeni ngenxa ye-edema ende.
