Indawo yokuhlala kwendawo yomqhele - cast cast isebangeni ukusuka ku-40 ° C. w. kufika kuma-degree angama-30, futhi kufaka ugu olusempumalanga yeNingizimu neNyakatho Melika.
Ibanga lisuka esiqhingini iSanta Catarina liye eBrazil. Lolu hlobo lwezinhlwathi futhi luhlala endaweni yaseBermuda; izibungu zitholwe kude nasenyakatho neWoods Hall eMassachusetts, kepha abekho abantu abadala abatholwe kule ndawo.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zomqhele ziyizipoki.
Crab - ghost - crustacean encane enegobolondo eli-chitinous elingama-5 cm. Umbala we-integument kungenzeka ngotshani ophuzi noma ompunga. I-carapace iyinxantathu, izungezwe emaphethelweni. Ubude be-carapace bucishe bube mihlanu nesithupha ububanzi bawo. Kukhona ibhulashi elikhulu lezinwele ebusweni bangaphezulu kwemilenze yokuqala. Amakamela obude obungalingani (uzipho) atholakala emilenzeni elungiselelwe ukuhamba okude. Amehlo amise okomhlazi. Owesilisa uvame ukuba mkhulu kunowesifazane.
Ukuzalwa kabusha kwempala - amakhokho.
Ukuzala kabusha kumakhaza - izipoki kwenzeka phakathi nonyaka, ikakhulukazi ngo-Ephreli - Julayi, angashada nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngemuva kokukhulelwa. Lesi sici sivumelanisa nendlela yokuphila yomhlaba. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngesikhathi lapho isembozo se-chitinous siqina ngokuphelele bese siba nzima. Ama-Ghost crabs ajwayelana ukuhlangana noma kuphi noma emfuleni owesilisa.
Izinsikazi ziyakwazi ukuzala lapho usayizi wegobolondo lawo edlula ku-2,5 cm.
I-carapax yesilisa ku Crab ovuthiwe ongu-2.4 cm. Imvamisa, izinkalankala - izipoki zinikeza inzalo eneminyaka engaba unyaka.
Insikazi ithwala amaqanda ngaphansi komzimba wayo, ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ihlala ingena emanzini ukuze amaqanda ahlale emanzi futhi angapheli. Abanye besifazane bavele bangene emanzini ukuthuthukisa ukutholakala komswakama kanye nomoya-mpilo. Emvelweni, imidlwane eyisipoko iphila cishe iminyaka emi-3.
Izici zokuziphatha kwecrab - cast.
Crabs - izipoki ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Ama-Crustaceans akha imisele emisha noma alungisa amadala ekuseni. Ekuqaleni kosuku, bahlala emiseleni yabo bacashe lapho kuze kushone ilanga. Imisele inebude obungamamitha ayi-0.6 kuya kwayi-1,2 nobubanzi obufanayo. Ubungako bokungena buqhathaniswa nosayizi we-carapace. Amantshontsho amancane, amancane athambekele ekwakheni izimbobo eduze kwamanzi. Ngesikhathi sokudla ebusuku, imifino ingahamba ibanga elingafika kumamitha angama-300, ngakho-ke ayibuyeli ku-mink efanayo nsuku zonke. Isiporho sidonsa ubusika emiseleni yaso kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya ku-Ephreli. Lolu hlobo lwe-crustacean lunesici esisebenzisekayo sokuphila emhlabeni.
Ama-crows - izipoki ngezikhathi ezithile zigijimela emanzini ukufafaza ama-gill awo, zikhipha umoya-mpilo kuphela esimweni esimanzi. Kepha bayakwazi nokuthola amanzi enhlabathini enomswakama. Izinhlobo zomlaza zisebenzisa izinwele ezondile ezisezindeni zamaphethelo ukuhambisa amanzi kusuka esihlabathini kuya ezigilini zawo.
Amacala - izipoki zigobhoza esihlabathini esimanzi endaweni engasogwini yamamitha ayi-400.
Izinkalankala zomoya zenza imisindo evelayo lapho amahlaya egcwala emhlabeni. Lo mkhuba ubizwa nge-stridulation, (ngokuhlikihla), ngenkathi kuzwakala “imisindo eminyene”. Ngakho-ke abesilisa baxwayisa ngobukhona babo ukuze baqede isidingo sokuxhumana ngokomzimba nomuntu oncintisana naye.
Ukudla umsoco - izipoki.
Amakati - izipoki zingabadli kanye nama-scavenger, adla kuphela ebusuku. Isisulu sincike kuhlobo lolwandle lapho kuhlala khona la ma-crustaceans. Izimfudu ezisogwini lolwandle lolwandle, njengomthetho, zidla imicibisholo yedonax kanye nemfantu yesihlabathi i-Atlantic, kanti emabhishi avaliwe kakhulu zidla amaqanda namathole enkonyane enkulu yasolwandle.
Ama-Ghost crabs azingela kakhulu ebusuku ukuze anciphise ingozi yokudliwa ngabaduni, izinyoni zasolwandle noma ama-raccoon. Lapho beshiya imisele yabo phakathi nosuku, bangashintsha kancane umbala wesembozo sokukhanya ukuze uvumelane nombala wesihlabathi esizungezile.
Indima yendalo yomqhele yemvelo
Amakati - izipoki ku-ecosystem yazo zingabadli futhi ziyingxenye yokudla.
Ukudla okuningi kwalawa ama-crustaceans yizinto eziphilayo, yize futhi ezingezokuzikhethela (ngokuzikhethela) kwama-scavenger.
Ama-Ghost crabs ayingxenye ebalulekile yomkhawulo wokudla, odlala indima ebalulekile ekudlulisweni kwamandla kusuka kuma-organic detritus kanye nama-invertebrates amancane kuya kwizinyamazane ezinkulu.
Lolu hlobo lwe-crustacean lunomthelela ongemuhle ekuthini inani labantu abanjengoofudu. Kwenziwa imizamo yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-crabs 'amaqanda ufudu.
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi ama-ghost ama-ghost adla ama-10% amaqanda ama-turtles lapho azingela, ngaphezu kwalokho, abulala nefry yezinhlanzi. Kwezinye izimo, bacekela phansi izimbobo futhi bahehe ama-rfishon abamba onkuku.
Crab - ghost - inkomba yesimo semvelo.
Amacala - izipoki asetshenziswa njengezinkomba ukuhlola umthelela wemisebenzi yabantu emabhishi anesihlabathi. Ubuningi besibalo sabantu abanohlonze bungalinganiswa kalula ngokubala inani lezimbobo ezembiwe esihlabathini endaweni ethile. Ubuningi beendawo zokuhlala buhlala buncishiswa ngenxa yezinguquko zokuma kwendawo kanye nokuhlangana kwenhlabathi ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu. Ngakho-ke, ukuqapha imvelo yabaphisi - izipoki kuzosiza ukuhlola umthelela wezinto ezenziwa ngabantu emvelweni yogu lolwandle olunesihlabathi.
Isimo sokulondolozwa komqhele yizipoki.
Njengamanje, izinhlobo zomhluzi azizilo ezisengozini. Enye yezizathu ezinkulu zokuncipha kwenani lomkhanyo ukuncishiswa kwendawo yokuhlala ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala noma izakhiwo zabavakashi ethekwini elingaphezulu. Inani elikhulu lomkhaza - izipoki ziyafa ngaphansi kwamasondo ama-SUVs, into ephazamisayo iphazamisa inqubo yokondla ebusuku kanye nomjikelezo wokuzala wama-crustaceans.
Indawo yokuhlala kwempala yizipoki.
Ama-Ghost crabs ahlala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezindawo ezishisayo. Zitholakala ezindaweni ezinamabhishi we-estuarine avikelwe kakhudlwana. Bahlala endaweni e-supralittoral zone (intuthuko yendawo yasentwasahlobo), bahlala emabhishi anesihlabathi eduze namanzi.
Isipoki somlobi ngumzingeli ophilayo ovame ukuhola ngendlela yokuphila ebusuku. Le crab ihamba kahle, kwesinye isikhathi abantu abakhulu kakhulu bangabamba ngisho nezinyoni ezincane.
& nbsp & nbsp Isigaba - Ama-Crustaceans
& nbsp & nbsp Umugqa - Ama-Decapods
& nbsp & nbsp Uhlobo / Izinhlobo - I-Ocypode
& nbsp & nbsp Imininingwane eyisisekelo:
IZIMBALI
Umbala: Tani, kufihla isilwane esihlabathini ngokuphelele.
Usayizi we-Carapax: ububanzi 5 cm, ubude 4 cm.
Ukusikisela
Ukuthomba: kusuka eminyakeni engu-1-2.
Isikhathi sokuzala: unyaka wonke uma isimo sezulu sihle.
Inani lamaqanda: cishe amakhulu ambalwa.
Ukufakwa Izinsuku eziyi-10.
LIFESTYLE
Imisebenzi: isizungu, uhlala endaweni ebb ne flow flow, ucasha phakathi kwamatshe, ushiya indawo yokuhlala endaweni ephansi, uyakwenza lokhu futhi phakathi nosuku.
Ukudla: i-carrion nezilwane ezincane.
IZINDLELA
Abanye abamele inqwaba yama-crapace crapaceans, kufaka phakathi i-shrimp, crayfish, crabs kanye ne-lobster.
& nbsp & nbspI-crab crost is agile ngendlela emangalisayo: kungukuphikisana ukuthi istripper esisheshayo phakathi kwabo bonke ubuthi. I-carapace yayo ilula ngokumangazayo, futhi isiza ukunyakaza kwecab emhlabeni. Isiporho sezipoki singagijima ngejubane elingafika kumamitha amabili ngomzuzwana, esiza isilwane ukucasha kumhlaseli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ungumnikazi wombono owakhiwe kahle.
UNYAZI LOKHO.
15.08.2018
I-Atlantic ghost crab, noma i-ghost crab (lat.Ocypode quadrata) yathola igama layo ngekhono lokugijima ngokushesha. Ngengozi encane kakhulu, ucasha ngokugula okungaphezu kokuvamile endaweni yakhe yokuhlala, cishe akunakwenzeka ukuhambisana nomuntu ongazilungiselele.
Ngaphezu kwamathalenta wokuqhuma, lesi sidalwa sinamandla okwenza imisindo ethule, esikhumbuza ukuxabana kwezinto zensimbi engilazini. Akumangazi ukuthi ngemuva kokuzwa into enjengale okokuqala ngqa, izivakashi ezivelele ngokweqile ziwela emgodini omncane bese ziqala ukuzwa ubukhona bemikhosi ye -worldly eduze komuntu wazo.
Isilwane singowomndeni i-Ocypodidae. Enye yezihlobo zakhe eziseduzane umqhele oqabulayo, noma i-violin crab (Uca tadors). Akanalo ithalente lomculo, une-claw enkulu kuphela. Ukunyakaza kwakhe ngenkathi edla kancane kukhumbuza ukudlala i-violin.
Ukuziphatha
Abamele lolu hlobo lwezinhlobo zezilwane emhlabeni. Ngokuchayeka isikhathi eside emanzini, ziyafa. Balinda amagagasi ezindaweni zokukhosela ezingaphansi komhlaba ezinokuphuma ezimbili nge-engeli engaba ngu-45 °. Ukujula kwabo kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2. Okuvela phezulu, ukuphuma kufana nemibhoshongo yesihlabathi. Ngaphambi kokufika kwamanzi amakhulu, ama-ghost crows abopha kanzima izincengezi ngaphakathi. Ngokuqala komoya ophansi, bakhethelwa phezulu.
Umsebenzi uzibonakalisa kusihlwa nasebusuku. Lawa makhaza ahamba ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuvela kwezilwane ezihlaselayo kubenza basheshe bambe isihlabathi noma bagxume emanzini.
Kumabanga amafushane, afinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-20 km / h.
I-Ghost crab ikhiqiza izinhlobo ezi-3 zezimpawu ezizwakalayo, ixwayisa abantu bezizwe ezikanye nabo ngokuba khona kwabo. Uhlikihla izigqoko zakhe esihlabathini futhi akhiphe okuthile okufana nokugwedla g gling. Izinyawo ezisele zisetshenziselwa ukuhamba ngezinyawo.
Ukudla kuqukethe ama-mollusks, ama-crustaceans amancane nezinambuzane, ikakhulukazi izimpukane. Okuthandwa kakhulu ukuphathwa okuyi-donax truncated bivalves (Donax trunculus) emndenini wakwaDonacid (Donacidae), Atlantic molar crabs (Emerita talpoida) nabanye abamele iqembu le-Anomura info-squad. Lapho kuvela ithuba, kudliwa izinsana ezihlosiwe ufudu (i-Caretta caretta) ne-carrion.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba wabantu abadala bufika ku-40 mm, futhi ububanzi buyi-50 mm. Abesilisa bakhulu ngokugqamile kunabesifazane. I-carapace iyisikwele ngaphambili kwe-carapace. Izimbambo zinde kakhulu futhi zinezigaba ezi-5.
I-Flat kanye ne-carapace emfushane embozwe nge-spikes evikelayo. Amehlo amnyama anezimpawu eziqinile ezisekelweni ezinde anikezela ngombono wobuhle. Bayakwazi ukuzungeza ngezindlela ezihlukile, kukuvumela ukuthi ubone u-360 °.
Amacala atholakala kubhangqa lokuqala lwemilenze yokuhamba. Zenzelwe ukubamba ukukhishwa nokulethwa kokudla emgodini womlomo.
Umbala uhluka kusuka kokuphuzi okukhanyayo okumpunga kuya kwesikhumba se-tan futhi usebenza njengendawo enhle yokuzifihla kwesihlabathi.
Isikhathi sokuphila se-Atlantic ghost crab ku-vivo asidluli iminyaka emi-3-4.
Ezentela
Umusa I-Ocypode yaqanjwa okokuqala ngqa isazi semvelo saseJalimane uFryrich Weber ngo-1795 sisebenzisa uhlobo lwezinhlobo umdlavuza ceratophthalmus kuchazwe ngumbhali wemvelo waseJalimane uPallas ngo-1772. Igama elijwayelekile livela ezimpandeni zamaGrikhi. ocy- ("Okusheshayo") no-ποδός podos , "Unyawo"), maqondana nejubane lesilwane.
I-Ocypode phambilini okuwukuphela kohlobo olungazange luhlukaniswe ngaphansi komoya wokuphamba kohlobo olungezansi lwe-Ocypodinae kuze kube ngonyaka ka-2013, lapho uKatsushi Sakai noMichael Turkay baphinda babamba iGulf of Mexico njengodabhego ohlukile. I-Hoplocypode . Kungokwalabo bomndeni i-Ocypodidae. Ghost crab I-Hoplocypode lingahlukaniswa nalaba I-Ocypode ngokuhlola ama-gonopod abo. Esimweni sokuqala se-gonopod yokuqala inethiphu eyindilinga eyindilinga, kuyilapho kokugcina ilula futhi igobile.
Ukusatshalaliswa
I-Ocypode ghost crabs zitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishubile emhlabeni jikelele. Izinhlobo ezintathu zitholakala olwandle i-Atlantic Ocean kanye nolwandle iMedithera nolunye olusogwini lwePacific olusempumalanga yeNyakatho neMelika. Izinhlobo ezisele zitholakala ngasentshonalanga yePacific kanye ne-Indian Ocean kuze kufike eningizimu ye-Afrika.
I-Ocypode okwamanje iqukethe izinhlobo ezingama-21 ezisebenzayo. Ghost crab ngaphambili eyayaziwa ngokuthi O. entshonalanga zahunyushwa ngendlela yayo I-Hoplocypode ngonyaka ka 2013 O. longicornuta , O. platytarsis , O. pygoides futhi O. ISinensis kukhonjwe njengamagama wokuqonda amagama avela ku O. ceratophthalma , O. burvicornis , O. convexa futhi O. cordimanus ngokufanele.
Izilwane zasendle
Isiphithiphithi sendoda, noma sibizwa nangokuthi i-sand crab, siwumbala ovamile emazweni amaningi. E-USA uhlala ogwini lwe-Atlantic lwe-USA. Ukuphila kuzimbobo ezifika ekujuleni kwemitha ezi-2. Njengoba isishingishane sisondela, baphuma izimbobo baqale ukujikijelana nesihlabathi beyofuna ukudla. Uma kunezimbobo eziningi esihlabathini, khona-ke inani elikhulu lalawa ma-arthropods lingahlangana ogwini. Azisuki kude kakhulu nezimbobo zazo, futhi ngengozi encane kakhulu zigijimela emuva kulo ngejubane elimangalisayo. Banokubuka okungu-360 °, okubenza bakwazi ukubona kalula izitha ezisondelayo. Wathola igama lakhe lokuthi uma engahambi, uhlangana nesihlabathi, ikakhulukazi lokhu kusebenza ezilwaneni ezincane. Uma kunesidingo, angagijima ngokushesha, afike ngesivinini esingamakhilomitha angama-20 ngehora.
Indlela elula yokuthatha izithombe iKrabikov iseduze kwezimbobo. Uma umile ungahambi, ngeke uvunyelwe ukuthatha isithombe sakho ukude, kwesinye isikhathi kungenzeka ukudubula ngelensi enkulu kakhulu. Ngelensi yefoni Njengoba lawa makhaza amancane endaweni, ancamela ukukhululeka emiseleni yawo. Kuzithombe, umehluko ubhekwe kancane ngokubona okungcono. Konke kufakwe kuCanon 20D + Canon 500 / 4L + 1.4x teleconverter + nokunwetshwa.