Belt imisila | |||||||
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Belt umsila ICordylus tropidosternum | |||||||
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi | |||||||
Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-infraclass: | Lepidosauromorphs |
Ingqalasizinda: | Skink-like |
Umndeni: | Belt imisila |
Bhinca (lat. Cordylidae) - Umndeni wezilwane ezihuquzelayo zesizinda sezithwala. Umndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-70.
Izici ezinobuso
Imisila yeBelt ihlukaniswa isikali esikhulu, ngaphansi kwawo lapho kutholakala khona amapuleti amathambo - ama-steoderms. Ama-Osteoderm akhule ngokuqinile ohlangothini lwe-dorsal, esiswini akakhiwa kancane. Isikali sohlangothi oluyisidumbu somzimba, esivame ukubanjwa, kwesinye isikhathi sihlinzekwa ngezikhala futhi sitholakala emigqeni eshintshashintshayo. Isisu simbozwe ngezihlangu ezibushelelezi. Emsileni, izikali zakha izindandatho ezibanzi (amabhendi), ezazinikeza igama emndenini. Isikali somsila kwezinye izinhlobo zithwele emuva imibuthano emide. Ikhanda limbozwe ngezihlangu ezinkulu ezihlelwe ngokwezakhiwo, lapho kutholakala khona nama-steoderms. Ama-Osteoderms ekhanda ahlangana namathambo ekhanda bese enza uphahla lokuvulwa okungaphezulu kwesikhashana. Isibaya esifakwe esikalini esincane sitholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomzimba, esisiza, njengasesikhathini esimise okomzimba, ukuphefumula, ukudla nokubeka amaqanda. Ugebhezi lwalezi zikhala lubonakala ngemigwaqo yesikhashana ethuthukisiwe kanye nokuvulwa kahle kwepharietali. Amazinyo Pleural, homogeneous. Amehlo akhule kahle, enomuntu oyindilinga oyindilinga, ofakwe amashiya angafani ashukumisayo. Ezinye izinhlobo zinemilenze eyakhiwe kahle enamacala amahlanu, kanti ezinye, ngokwesibonelo, i-chamezaur (Chamaesaura), abekho ngokuphelele noma ancishiswe kakhulu.
Usayizi wamalungu ahlukahlukene omndeni asukela ku-12 kuye ku-40 cm.
Incazelo nezici zebhande
Belt umsila (Latin Cordylidae) uwumndeni omncane wezilwane ezifuyayo. Umndeni ufaka izinhlobo ezingaba amashumi ayisikhombisa, kuya ngokuthi zihlukaniswa yiphi izibopho zezinsimbi ngosayizi. Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bomzimba bezilwane ezihuquzelayo busuka kumasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-40.
Kuwo wonke amaqoqo ezinhlobo, kungenzeka ngesimo ukuhlukanisa konke ibhande zibe zinhlobo ezimbili:
- Bopha imisila ngaphandle noma unemilenze emincane kakhulu ngesimo se-paws, uhlobo oluphambili lwezilokotho ezinjalo yi-chamezaura (Chamaesaura),
— imisila yangempela yebhande - Iningi lezinhlobo zohlobo olunemilenze emine eyisihlanu.
Uhlobo lokuqala lumelelwa ngabantu abancane bezilwane ezihuquzelayo, banomzimba omude wenyoka. Umsila uvame ukungabinamali futhi usengozini, ibhungane livame ukulahla. Abamele zohlobo lwesibili bahluke kakhulu. Ezinye zezisekelo eziyisisekelo zihlukaniswa zona, njenge:
— ibhande elincane (Cordylus cataphractus),
— ukholifulawa ojwayelekile (Cordylus Cylylus),
— ibhande lomsila omkhulu (Smaug giganteus),
Ukwakheka komzimba wazo zonke lezi zinhlobo kufana kakhulu futhi kuhlukile ngosayizi. Isibonelo, ubude empumalanga african umsila, okubhekiselwa kwabancane, ayidluli amasentimitha angama-20, kuyilapho umunwe omkhulu webhande ufinyelela amasentimitha angama-40. Zonke lezi zinhlobo zinamaphara amane amafushane, kodwa anamandla anezinhlaka eziyishumi emilenzeni yawo.
Imisila yeBelt iyakwazi ukusakaza umsila, njengezibankwa ezivamile
Isidumbu sale misila yebhande simbozwe isikali esikhulu, emuva siyalukhuni futhi sakha uhlobo lokuvikela i-carapace, esiswini asithuthukisiwe futhi simelele indawo ebuthaka.
Ngasekupheleni komsila, izikali zihlelwe ngemijikelezo eduze komphetho womzimba bese zakha amabhande ahlukanayo agcina ngamaphayiphothi ahlukile, futhi kunjalo impela ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo somzimba ukuthi lo mndeni wezingwe ubizwa ngokuthi yimisila yebhande. Ngaphandle, ibhande libukeka njengodrako omncane kusuka kunganekwane, ngakho-ke, kudonsela ukunaka okunjalo kwabantu ngokubonakala kwayo.
Ngokungafani nazo zonke ezinye izibankwa, lezi ezihuquzelayo zihlala ngamaqembu amakhulu, anabantu abangaba ngu-50-70. Emindenini enjalo, kunezinsikazi ezimbili noma ezintathu kowesilisa ngamunye. Abesilisa baqapha insimu yeqembu kwamanye ama-lizons nezinyamazane ezincane.
Umbala wale misila yebhande-msila wehlukene futhi uncike kakhulu endaweni ethile, kepha ikakhulukazi unsundu, uluhlaza okotshani futhi unesihlabathi, yize kunezinhlobo ezinombala obomvu, ogolide negolide ogqamile.
Imisila ye-Belt ingabazingeli abahlukile futhi inohlobo lokukhula kwamazinyo, okusho ukuthi lapho amazinyo amadala noma aphukile ewa endaweni yawo noma amasha akhula eduzane.
Girdle Tail Habitat
Ibhande lesilwane Ithanda ukuhlala endaweni eyomile, ngakho-ke isabalale e-Afrika naseziqhingini zaseMadagascar. Indawo yayo eyinhloko inamadwala nesihlabathi.
Ezinye, zimbalwa izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ezihlala ezindaweni ezinotshani ezivulekile futhi zikhuphuka kakhulu endaweni yezintaba. Imisila ye-Belt iyisakhamuzi sasemini futhi isebenza amahora angama-12-14 kuphela ngesikhathi sosuku. Ebusuku, bayophumula emashalofini abo ngesimo semifantu, imisele kanye nokubekwa ngamatshe.
Ukuvikela engozini, lezi zilwane zinezindlela ezihehayo: imisila emincane yokubhinca igxuma ibe yindandatho futhi ilume umsila wayo ngomhlathi kanzima kangangokuba akunakwenzeka ukungaphumuli, bese yenza indandatho yesigcawu, futhi ivikele nendawo yayo engatheni kakhulu - esiswini, esivamile nesikhulu bacasha phakathi kwamatshe nasemifantwini lapho kufakwa khona usayizi omkhulu ukuze umhlaseli angakwazi ukubakhipha lapho.
Ukuqonda okufanelekile kokuthi i-reptile ihlanekezelwa kanjani ibe yindandatho, ungabuka isithombe se-ponytail.
Uma kwenzeka ingozi, i-waisttail isontwa ibe yindandatho, evikelwe ngamaphayiphu
Akuwona wonke amabhokisi omsila angaba khona ekudingisweni. Abantu abathile kuphela ezinhlotsheni ezithile, kufaka phakathi imisila emincane yibhande, abangathambile futhi abakwazi ukuhlala kwizilwane zasekhaya nase-zoo. Lo mndeni wezibankwakazi wesaba abantu futhi, uma ufuna ukuwuthatha ezandleni zabo, imisila enomsila iyohlala ibaleka icashe.
Indlela yokuphila
Imisila ye-Belt iyasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini futhi iphila ikakhulukazi emhlabathini. Zitholakala ogwadule olunamadwala naseziwugwadule, ama-savannas, amahlathi, ezinye izinhlobo ziphakama impela ezintabeni. Imvamisa izinyamazane zihlala phakathi kokubekwa emadwaleni, ezindaweni ezinamadwala.
Imisila yokubhinca isebenzisa imifantu phakathi kwamatshe, imifantu emadwaleni, imisele njengezindawo zokukhosela.
Ama-Belt-imisila adla izinambuzane namanye ama-invertebrates, amanye ahlekisayo futhi angadla ekudleni kwezitshalo. Izinhlobo ezinkulu zidla izinyamazane ezincane nezinye izikhala.
Iningi lalawa maqhude angama-ovoviviparous, kepha kunezinhlobo zama-oviparous.
Kunamasu ahlukahlukene wokuvikela umsila we-cauda. Eminye imisila yebhande, ifihle igebe phakathi kwamatshe, ibambelele kwizichilo zayo futhi idumbile, iphumula ibhekene nodonga lwendawo yokuhlala ukuze umhlaseli angakwazi ukubakhipha lapho. Ebungozini, umsila omncane webhande ugoba iringi bese uluma umsila wayo ukuze ungabekwa.
Engxenyeni eseningizimu yebanga, imisila ye-cauda ingafihla.
I-Belt Tail Nutrition
Iningi lomsila wengxenye lidla imifino nezinambuzane ezincane. Ezinye izinhlobo, ikakhulukazi amabhande amakhulu, udle izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinsikazi.
Isikhumba salezi ezihubhayo simunca ngokuphelele futhi sinqwabelana umswakama, ngakho-ke zingaba namanzi ngaphandle kwesikhashana. Ebusika, ngesikhathi esomile kunazo zonke, lezi ezihubhayo zingacasha, ngaleyo ndlela zibhekane nezikhathi ezinzima.
Belttail ekhaya abakakhethi kakhulu ngokudla futhi bakudlisa ngezinambuzane ezifanayo, izibungu zikafulawa, amakhethini nezintethe. Izikhala ezinkulu kwesinye isikhathi zingaphonsa igundane. Lezi zilwane akufanele zondliwe izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezingu-2-3 ngeviki, kuya ngomzimba wesilo nesayizi yaso. Amanzi e-terarium endaweni ephuzwayo kufanele abe njalo.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Imisila ye-Belt iyizidalwa eziphindaphindayo ezimnandi, phakathi kwezinhlobo zazo kunezilwane ezi-ovoviviparous, i-ovipositing nezilwane ze-viviparous. Abesilisa bafika eminyakeni emithathu yokuthomba. AmaChamezaurs ayizilwane ezi-ovoviviparous. Kanye ngonyaka, ekupheleni kwehlobo, insikazi ibeletha ama-4-5 cubs aze afike kumasentimitha ayi-15 ubude.
Imisila emincane yamabhande amancane i-viviparous, izinsikazi zikulungele ukukhulelwa kanye ngonyaka futhi zizale zingabi ngaphezu kwamawundlu amabili ekwindla. Ngemuva kokuzalwa, inzalo ingahola ngokushesha indlela ezimele yokondla nokuphila, kepha, ngokungafani nezinye izibankwakazi, kumaqhubu angcolile, amancanyana ahlala isikhathi eside eduze kwesifazane.
Cishe ngokushesha nje emva kokuzalwa kwenzalo, insikazi ilungele ukukhulelwa. Ama-repitles ahlala esifubeni semvelo isikhathi eside, aze afike eminyakeni engama-25. Amabhande asekhaya phila iminyaka engu-5-7.
Intengo yomsila weBelt
Thenga ibhande inzima impela, futhi intengo yayo izothusa abaningi ngokushesha. Isibonelo, izindleko zomuntu oyedwa webhande lomsila omncane liqala kusuka kuma-2-2,5 amawaka ama-Euro, okuthi ngokuhunyushelwa olimini lwesi-ruble lwaseRussia liye ezinkulungwaneni eziyi-120-170. Akuwona wonke umuntu ofuna ukubeka lolu hlobo lwemali isilwane.
Imisila ye-Belt ibhalwe ku-Red Book, ngakho-ke kwenqatshelwe ukuba nesilwane esinjalo ekhaya
Phakathi kokunye, ukubanjwa kwemisila yebhande akukho emthethweni ngokuphelele, ngoba kuvikelwe ezingeni lomthetho - uhulumeni waseRiphabhlikhi waseNingizimu Afrika uwafake eNcwadini yakhe Ebomvu kazwelonke.
Emisebenzini yezomthetho yomhlaba, ikholifulawa elibunjiwe livikelwe ngendlela ye- “Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora”. Kepha, ngandlela thile, asabanjwa futhi athengiswe.
Intengo yomsila weBelt kuxhomeke kakhulu ekutheni ubulili bezilwane ezifuywayo bunqunywa yini, ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukukwenza, futhi kulabo abahileleka ekukhiqizweni nasekuzaleni izithwala, le nto inesici esibaluleke kakhulu.
Akukho mehluko wobulili obonisiwe emsileni we-cauda, esikhathini esiningi abesilisa bamane nje bakhulu kunabesifazane, laba besifazane banokwakheka kwekhanda nokuzimisela okunembile kocansi lwesilwane esifuywayo kuphela ngemuva kokuba owesifazana ebelethe iwundlu langaphambili.
Ngaphezu kwezindleko zezilwane ezihuquzelayo uqobo, ungakhohlwa ngamathuluzi adingekayo ekugcineni i-lizard. Imisila ye-Belt idinga i-terrarium enkulu kunalokho, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezithwala. Qiniseka ukuthi uthola isibani esishisayo e-terrarium, ngoba lezi ezihuquzelayo zithanda ukuba sekukhanyeni nangaphansi kwelanga.
Ukubukeka
I-Lesser Belt Tail (i-cylylus cataphractus) iyisidalwa esinyantisayo. Ubude bomzimba babantu abadala bungafinyelela amasentimitha angaphezu kwama-20. Isilozi sine-tint brownish enemibala ehlukahlukene. Isisu esiphuzi siqukethe amabala amnyama isimilo salezinhlobo.
Umsila omncane webhande unekhanda elide nomhlanga omkhulu. Isilwane sinemilenze emifushane kodwa eqinile ngokwanele. Umsila omude, onobuhle obambozwe embozwe izikhala. Ukuphuma okufana nakho kuyatholakala emuva, entanyeni nasemikhawulweni yesidalwa. Amapuleti we-keratinized agxiliwe emzimbeni wesigcikwane ngamabhande ajwayelekile aguqukayo.
Phakathi kwemibhinqo emincane, kwenzeka into efana ne-dimorphism yezocansi. Ngamanye amagama, abesilisa kulezi ezihuquzelayo bahlala benosayizi abakhulu kunabesifazane.
Izitha zemvelo
Emvelweni wemvelo, amabhande amancane anezitha eziningi. Okokuqala, sikhuluma ngezilwane ezincelisayo ezinyamayo nezinyoni. Ngokwemvelo, hhayi ngaphandle kwendoda. Ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu yezomnotho, ikakhulukazi ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezintsha, inani labameleli balezi zinhlobo lincipha ngokushesha. Ukuzingela kuthinta futhi ukuqothulwa kwalezo zibungu.
Ukuze bavikeleke ukuthi bangadliwa yizidlakudla ezinkulu, amabhande amancane asebenzisa isu elithandekayo. Lapho sebubonile ubungozi, izidalwa ezinjengalezi eziguqula umzimba zibe yindandatho, zilume umsila wazo ngomhlathi wazo. Ngakho-ke, inyamazane ayinawo amandla okwandisa isililo ukuze ifinyelele esiswini esithambile, esingavikelekile.
Umsila Ophansi Webhande: Intengo
Malini isilwanyana esidlakadlaka esingaka? Intengo yomuntu omdala iyisilinganiso sama-euro ayizinkulungwane eziningana, okuthi ngokwemali yasekhaya ifinyelele kuma-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingama-120-150. Kungokwemvelo ukuthi akuwona wonke umthandi wezilwane onquma ukukhokha inani elicocekile lelo ligcwala, kungakhathalekile ukuthi lingaqala kanjani.
Ukuthola ibhande akuwona umsebenzi olula. Abamele lezinhlobo bavikelwe ngumthetho waseNingizimu Afrika. Lapha, lezi zinto ezihuquzelayo ezihlukile zibhalwe kwiNcwadi Yesizwe Ebomvu. Ukubanjwa kwezingilazi kujeziswa kanzima ngenhlawulo nokuboshwa. Kodwa-ke, abazingeli abazingelayo basazithola izikhala zokususa amabhande endaweni yabo yemvelo.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi intengo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo izoncika kakhulu ebulilini bomuntu. Yize kunjalo, le nto ibaluleke kakhulu kubantu abahlela ukwenza umsebenzi wokutshala izinyosi ezithengiswayo.
Ukuqukatha abamele izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ekhaya, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube ne-terrarium ebanzi evulekile. Umthamo wesitsha esinjalo kufanele okungenani ube amalitha ayi-100. Maphakathi, udinga ukudala izindawo zokukhosela eziningana zezikhala. Lesi sakamuva singakhiwa kusuka emadwaleni asicaba, okufanele abekwe ukuze kwakheke uhlobo lwe-mink. Ukuntuleka kwezindawo zokukhosela ezenziwe ngamatshe kuholela ekucindezelekeni okungokomzwelo kokuphindaphindayo, okuvame ukubangela ukufa kwabo.
Lapho ugcina izidalwa ezinjalo zizithunjiwe, kufanele zinikezwe ukufinyelela kwamanzi. I-Fluid kumele inikezwe izibankwa ezitsheni eziphansi, ezifulethini. Isihlabathi kufanele sisetshenziswe njengesiyisiqalo. E-terrarium akufanele kube namatshe amancanyana isilwane esingakopela ngawo. Futhi, izindonga ezinkulu zidinga ukushiswa ngesibani se-ultraviolet. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi izinga lokushisa elenzelekile alidluli inkomba engu-35 ° C.
Ezibhalweni ezincane, izinkinga zempilo zivame ukubonwa. Imvamisa, ukulimala abantu abadala abakuthola ngenkathi kuqhubeka umsebenzi kuholela enkingeni. Ukupholisa amanxeba emzimbeni wesigcwala kulula kakhulu. Kwanele ukusula ngezikhathi ezithile indawo elimele nge-ejenti elwa namagciwane.
Ukondliwa kwengqondo
Ukudla, lapho kugcinwa ekhaya, kungcono ukunikela ngazo zonke izinhlobo zezintethe nezikhokho emiseleni emincane yibhande. Earthworms nazo kufanelekile. Akunconywa nakancane ukondla izibankwakazi ngamaqhude abanjwe eflethini. Njengoba umzimba wamuva ungaba nezinto ezinobuthi ezazisetshenziselwa ukuziqothula ezindlini.
Kwanele ukondla izinyamazane zabantu abadala kanye ngesonto. Qiniseka ukuthi uqinisekisa ukuthi umuntu ngamunye usethole ukufinyelela ekudleni. Ngenkathi kudliwa izinyosi, kungcono ukuhambisa endaweni ehlukile, engezansi kwayo engamboziwe nge-substrate. Le ndlela ukuphela kwendlela yokuqiniseka ukuthi yonke inyamazane idliwe futhi hhayi isisulu esisodwa esifihla phakathi kwamatshe noma esihlabathini.
Masinyane ngaphambi kokudla ezihuquzelayo kudingeka unikeze amavithamini kanye nezimbiwa izithako zezinyosi. Esikhundleni salezi zinto zinamandla okusebenzisa ukudla kwezitshalo. Kodwa-ke, kungcono ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezikhethekile.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
IBelt-umsila (i-Cordylidae) iyisilwane esilandelana sezilwane ezihuquzelayo, ukuhleleka kwabanesikali, kanye nomndeni womsila. Ibhande le-genus elijwayelekile. Umndeni walezi ezihubhayo waqala wachazwa yisazi sebhayoloji uRobert Mertens ngo-1937.
Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezifana:
- imibhinqo yangempela ye-girdle-imisila (imisipha emikhulu yensimbi, imisipha ye-Cordylus transvaalensis, ibhande le-cambella le-Cordylus microlepidotus, ibhande le-Rhodesian, ibhande elincane kanye nabanye abaningi abalandela lolu hlobo),
- ama-platysaurs
- chamezaurs.
Ividiyo: Belt Tail
Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zalezi zilwane zithathwa njengezinhlobo zeCordylus Cylylus (ibhande elivamile). Imisila ejwayelekile yokubhinca ibhanti inamapuleti e-osteodermal bone, atholakala ngaphansi kwesikali kwezinye izinhlobo; la mapuleti awekho. Futhi nabamele iCordylus bakhulu kancane kunezinye izibankwakazi zalo mndeni futhi banesiqu ekhanda nokhanda. Ngaphansi kwamapuleti alezi zilava kukhona ama-osteodorms ngemuva nasekhanda, angatholakali kwezinye izinhlobo zamabhande, lesi isici esiyingqayizivele salolu hlobo.
Imisila yeBelt ye-genus Chamaesaura ayifani ngokuphelele nemisila yebhande lezinye izinhlobo. Lezi izibankwakazi zinomzimba wenyoka, kanti imilenze eyizingalo ezinhlanu kwezinye izinhlobo zamaseli ebhulukwe inemisele yemilenze emile okwezintambo.
Uhlala kuphi umsila webhande?
Photo: Desert Belt Tail
Indlu yalezi ezihubhayo iyinkangala. Lezi zilwane zithanda isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile. Iningi lalezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo zitholakala esiqhingini esishisayo saseMadagascar. Kanye nemisila yokubhinca ijwayelekile ogwadule nasezindaweni zase-Afrika. Kutholakale eKenya, kanye naseTanzania. Impilo yonke, bakhetha indawo enamatshe angenamatshe, izintaba ezomileyo, izihlabathi ezinamadwala nezihlabathi. Ezimweni ezingavamile, lezi zibankwa zingatholakala futhi eduze namadolobha ase-Afrika ezindaweni ezonakele, yize amagobolondo enomsila engathandi ukuhlala lapho kuhlala khona umuntu.
Isidleke sezinyosi sitholakala emifantwini yamadwala, kwesinye isikhathi zimba iminki emincane, etholakala ngaphansi kophahla. Bazama ukukhetha izindawo ezinomnyango omncane ukuze abahlaseli bangangeni endlini. Bangaphila emqubeni wamatshe, emihumeni. Kwesinye isikhathi amagobolondo anomsila agibela ezintabeni, angahlala endaweni ephakeme ngokwanele, futhi ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo endaweni ephakeme yalezi zidalwa akusona isithiyo.
AbakwaShellfish bathanda ukuzingela emahlathini amahlahlana asomile, ogwadule nasosawoti, bekhetha izindawo lapho bengabonakali khona ngenxa yezinyamazane ezizingelayo. Imisila ye-Belt iyizidalwa ezinokuthula futhi ihlala ngamaqembu amancane aqhutshwa ngabesilisa abakhulu. Amabhande nemisila inemizi yayo kude kakhulu komunye nomunye ukuze lezi zidalwa zizizwe ziphephile.
Ngabe udlani umsila we-cauda?
Photo: Lizardtail
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwalezi ezihubhayo kufaka phakathi:
Ngenkathi yezimvula e-Afrika kuvela ukubonakala kwenani elikhulu lama-termite ahlukene, kuthiwa anomsila wegobolondo futhi ayondla entwasahlobo. Kwezinye izikhathi, izidamba zidla izinyamazane ezinhlobonhlobo, ukhiphe izibungu kanye nesimungumungwane kusuka emhlabathini.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Isigamu-ta ta can isikhathi eside ungakwenza ngaphandle kokudla namanzi okufihlayo. Ngalesi sikhathi, umzimba usebenzisa ubungako obuncane bamandla abuthola ezitokisini zamafutha eziqoqiwe ngaphambilini.
Phakathi kwemisila ye-caudate, kukhona nezilwane ezihuqayo ngokweqile ezihlaselayo. Phakathi kwezilwane ezihlukumezayo kunezimo ze-cannibalism. Kwesinye isikhathi, amabhande amancane agcinwa njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi izidalwa ezithunjiwe-ezingcolile kuphela zohlobo lweCordylus cataphractus ezingagcinwa ekudingisweni. Ezinye izinto ezihuquzelayo zizizwa zimbi ekudingisweni. Ekhaya, lezi ezihuquzelayo zidla izinambuzane ezincane, ezifafazwa nge-powder ekhethekile yamaminerali. Njengomthombo wamavithamini, ungapha futhi namakhambi amasha, izithelo ezisikiwe.
Udinga ukondla izilwane ezifuywayo kuphela isikhathi esinge-1 ngeviki. Ngasikhathi sinye, lapho usuthisa, kungcono ukuxuba izilwane ezifuywayo ezisesigodini ne-pasi engenalutho, kulula ukuqonda ukuthi konke ukudla kudliwe, futhi izinambuzane azifihle ngemuva kwamatshe amancane enhlabathi noma esihlabathini.
Manje uyazi ukuthi ungondla kanjani umsila we-cauda. Ake sibone ukuthi usinda kanjani endle.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Umsila weKhaya Belt
Imisila yeBelt ziyizirhubuluzi ezinzima kakhulu eziye zajwayela impilo ogwadule. Isakhiwo senhlalo esakhelwe endle sihlala emhlambini omncane, owesilisa we-alpha udlala indima enkulu emhlambini. Owesilisa uvikela insimu kubantu angabazi futhi uvikela abesifazane nabancane. Lezi ezihubhayo ziyasebenza phakathi nosuku, ebusuku zithanda ukuphumula ezincibeni zazo nasemifantweni ephakathi kwamatshe. Emini, iningi losuku, izibungu zithola ukudla kwazo ngokuzingela izinambuzane.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Lapho ibona ingozi, ibamba umsila webhande iyakhuphuka, izilume ngokuqinile emsileni wayo. Ngakho-ke, ibhungane livala indawo ebuthaka - isisu. Lapho isilwane sithatha indawo enjalo cishe akunakwenzeka ukuyiphonsa, sibamba umsila waso kakhulu, ngoba impilo yasendlebeni ixhomekeke kulokhu kubanjwa.
Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, abanye abantu bacasha emifantweni emincane noma bagibele ngaphansi kwamatshe, banamathela ngokuqinile ematsheni ngezinsolo zabo nokuvuvukala. Okusho ukuthi, lezi zibungu zenza konke ukuze umhlaseli angakwazi ukuzikhipha endaweni yokukhosela. Ebusika, izibankwa ezihlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu zingavutha ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi kanye nokuntuleka kokudla. Imisila yeBelt ehlala enyakatho ye-Afrika ayiwele ekubandakanyeni isikhathi esithile sonyaka. Ukushisa kuzolile, ama-skirmishing ayivelakancane futhi ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabesilisa abadala.
Unokuzijabulisa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, lezi zibankwa ziyakhonkotha futhi zixhumana ngezimpawu zomlomo, njengokuvuma ikhanda nokuhamba komsila. Abantu baphathwa ngokungathathi hlangothi, ekuthunjweni kuphela abamele izinhlobo zezinselo ezincane abangahlala ekudingisweni. Ezinye izinhlobo ezisekudingisweni azithathi izimpande futhi zizizwa zimbi. Kungcono ukuqala izilwane ezifuywayo ngababili, ngoba imisila yokubopha ayikubekezeleli isizungu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Giant Belt Tail
Amabhande nemisila kufinyelela eminyakeni yobudala engu-3-4. Kunzima kakhulu ukwahlukanisa abesilisa nabesifazane, ngoba imibala yanoma yiphi insikazi eyizilwane ezihlukile ayifani neyabesilisa nganoma yiziphi ezinye izici. Abesilisa bangaba bakhulu kunabesifazane, futhi kulokhu kuphela umehluko wabo wangaphandle.
Ngonyaka owodwa, insikazi iletha amawundlu eyodwa noma amabili. Imisila eminingi yebhande ingama-viviparous, kepha kunezinhlobo ezithile ezibekela amaqanda. Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwalezi ezihubhayo siqala ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari kuze kube sekupheleni kukaMashi. Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane kuhlala izinyanga ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-6 (kuya ngezinhlobo). Amacuba azalwa ekwindla ekupheleni kuka-Agasti-Okthoba.
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izibankwa zingalimana. Abesilisa bayakwazi ukulwa bodwa besifazane nensimu. Lapho kuzalwa, izibankwa ezincane zimbozwa ngegobolondo elincane, elicishe libonakale. Ubukhulu bebhanti elisanda kuzalwa lingaba ngu-4-6 cm ubude.
Izinyoka ezisanda kuzalwa zikulungele ngokushesha ukuzimela, zingathola ukudla kwazo, zidle lokho okudliwa ngabantu abadala. Isikhathi esithile, amawundlu ahlala nonina. Umama uvikela ngokucophelela inzalo ezingozini zokulinda izingane yonke indawo. Owesilisa akayinakekeli inzalo, kodwa uhileleke ekuvikelweni kwendawo kubantu abangabazi nakwizinyamazane. Ama-dinosaurs amakhulu amakhulu angadla izingane, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokushoda kokunye ukudla.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: Ubukeka bunjani ubhanana
Ezinye izinhlobo zemibhinqo zidinga isivikelo esikhethekile. Izinhlobo ezinjenge Giant Belt Tail (Smaug giganteus), East African Belt Tail, Cordylus rhodesianus, Cordylus tropidosternum, Cordylus coeruleopunctatus nezinye izinhlobo eziningi zalezi zibankwa zibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu njengezinhlobo ezingandile nezisengozini.
Lezi ezihuquzelayo zinezitha ezanele endle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zilwane zizalela kancane, insikazi ziletha ama-1-2 kuphela ngonyaka. Kulokhu, amawundlu ahlala esengozini yokudliwa ngabahlaseli noma amanye amadina.
Ukubamba lezi zilwane akuvunyelwe, futhi kuyajeziswa ngumthetho. Kepha lokhu kuvame ukungabavimbi abazingeli abafuna ukwenza inzuzo ngokuthengiswa kwama-girdle, ngoba intengo yama-girdle amakhulu ifinyelela kuma-euro ayizinkulungwane eziningana kumuntu ovuthiwe.
Isibonelo, ososayensi baqaphela ukuthi phakathi kuka-1986 no-2013, cishe imisila yebhande eyinkulungwane nengxenye ebanjiwe ezindaweni zabo zemvelo yathunyelwa emazweni ayi-15 emhlabeni jikelele. Ngemuva kwalolu cwaningo, kwavinzwa ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe kwama-pangolins emazweni angaphandle eNingizimu Afrika.
Ezinkambisweni zase-Afrika, bekukhona ngisho necala lokuhweba ngokungemthetho kulezi ezihubhayo, lapho kwakusetshenziswa khona izimpawu zomshini njengobufakazi. Ngemuva kwalokhu, akukho mvume eyodwa eyasayinwa yokuthumela emazweni angaphandle imisila phesheya.
I-Belt-Tail Guard
Photo: Red Book Belt Tail
Kusukela sanda isibalo sezinhlobo eziningi zemibhinqo ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala zemvelo, eminyakeni yamuva, ngenxa yokubanjwa kwalezi zilwane ngabantu baseNingizimu Afrika, kwethulwe umthetho wokuvinjwa kokubanjwa kwezigqoko. Muva nje, abantu abaningi ngokwengeziwe bafuna ukuba "nodrako osesandleni" onjalo ekhaya, futhi abazingeli babamba imisila yebhande ukuze ithengiswe.
Manje, ukuthenga i-tikeyili akuyona umsebenzi olula. Ngokubamba izinhlobo eziningi zalezi zilwane, abaphathi beRiphabhlikhi yaseNingizimu Afrika bajeziswa inhlawulo nejele. Izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezihuquzelayo zibhalwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu. Ukuthekelisa okuthengisiwe akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele. Ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona izinto zemvelo zezinhlobo zemisila engafakwanga msila, izindawo zokugcina kanye nezindawo zokuvikela imvelo ziyakhiwa. Kuyathengiswa, inhlobo eyodwa kuphela yemisila yibhinca - isinqe esincanyana. Ezinye izinhlobo zimane nje azisindi ekudingisweni.
Belt umsila izidalwa ezimangalisa ngempela zifana kakhulu nedragons ezisuka kwenye inganekwane. Lezi zidalwa zingaphila ngokuthula ezimweni ezinzima zogwadule, zikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokudla isikhathi eside futhi zibe nemikhuba evikela kakhulu yokuzivikela. Masizame ukugcina lezi zidalwa zihlonipha imvelo, ukuze inzalo yethu ijabulele ukuhlukahluka kwezilwane nezilwane zomhlaba wethu.
Ngifuna ukwazi konke
Imisila yensimbi ingeyamalungu omndeni wezilwane ezihuquzelayo endaweni esezingeni eliphansi lezidleke. Umndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-70.
Imisila yeBelt ziyizidlakudla zasemini; ubukhulu bamalungu ahlukahlukene omndeni asukela ku-12 kuye kuma-70 cm.I-Belt-imisila ihlala ezindaweni ezinamadwala nasezindaweni ezomile zaseNingizimu Afrika, kanti futhi iyatholakala esiqhingini saseMadagascar. Imisila ye-Belt ihlala ogwadule olunamadwala naseziwugwadule, amahlathi, ama-savannas, izinhlobo ngazinye zamabhande-imisila zikhuphukela phezulu ezintabeni. Imvamisa, izingwekazi zihlala ezindaweni ezinamadwala phakathi kwababeki emadwaleni.
Imisila yeBelt ihluke kwezinye izibankwakazi ngokuba khona kwesikali esikhulu, inesimo samapuleti angunxande, amboza isisekelo sethambo lesilwane esibuhlungu. Isikali sikhulu ikakhulukazi emhlane, esiswini asithuthukisiwe. Isikali esisethangeni sakha izindandatho ezibanzi (amabhande), ngenxa yokuthi umndeni uthole igama elithi "Belt Tails".
Kungani umsila nomsila ugoqe lapha kwindandatho enjalo uzothola ngaphansi kokusikwa futhi ubuke nevidiyo.
Umzimba wemisila yesigamu upendiwe ngombala okhanyayo noma onsundu ngombala, ngenxa yalo mbala ubizwa nangomsila wegolide. Kunephethini elimnyama esiswini, elivezwa ikakhulu endaweni ye-chin.
Amazinyo omsila we-cauda awahambeki, agcwele. Amehlo emisila ye-caudate athuthuke kahle, enomfundi oyindilinga, amashiya ahlukanisiwe ukuguquguquka. Izinhlobo ezithile zemibhinqo zakhiwe kahle njengezimbobo ezinemilenze emihlanu. Isibaya esikhethekile sitholakala kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zomzimba we-girdle-imisila, efakwe esikalini esincane, esisiza njengasenkulwini yamabhungane, sidla, siphefumula futhi sibeka amaqanda.
Imisila ye-Belt ihlala enhlabathini enamatye ngamaqembu. Imisila ye-Belt iyasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini. Imifantu emadwaleni, imisele, imifantu phakathi kwamatshe isebenza njengendawo yokukhosela umsila we-cauda.
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Ngenkathi yengozi, umsila omncane webhande uyacothwa, ngenkathi uthwebula isipikili somsila ngamazinyo, ngoba lokhu kubizwa nangokuthi i-armadillo lizard. Ngale ndlela, ibhande elincane elinomsila livikela indawo yalo ebuthaka - isisu. Kuyamangaza ukuthi kulesi sikhundla sebhande elincane, akunakwenzeka ukulihlukanisa. Eminye imisila eyisigamu, ngesikhathi sengozi, ifihla phakathi kwetshe phakathi kwamatshe, inamathela ezingalweni zawo futhi idumbile, ihlangana nodonga lwendawo yokukhosela, ngale ndlela uhhafu wemisila uvimba umhlaseli ukuba awukhiphe lapho.
Amalungu amaningi omndeni angama-ovoviviparous lizons, kepha izinhlobo zokubeka amaqanda nazo ziyatholakala. Imisila ye-Belt ehlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yebanga ingawela ebusika, ngenxa yokuthi ehlobo amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu, futhi ebusika aphansi kakhulu. Ezinye izinhlobo zemisila yebhande, ikakhulukazi ezivamile engxenyeni esenyakatho, azifihli isikhathi sasebusika.
Emvelweni, izinhlobo ngazinye zomsila webhande zidla izinambuzane, ezinye izinhlobo zi-herbivorous ngokuphelele. Ama-cauliflowers amakhulu amakhulu anomsila afinyelela ku-70 cm ubude inyamazane ngezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinye izibankwa ezincane kunazo.
Cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthola ubulili bebhande. Kepha, njengomthetho, izinsikazi zincane kunabesilisa, ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsikazi zinekhanda elikhanyayo, elinomumo obunjiwe onxantathu. Abesilisa bafika esikhathini sokuthomba beneminyaka emithathu.
Isikhathi sokuphila kwamabhande singaphezu kweminyaka engama-25. Umbhoshongo omncane ekudingisweni ungaphila iminyaka engama-5-7.
Zonke izinhlobo zemisila yebhande zinezimpawu zazo kanye nokwehluka kakhadinali. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izinhlobo zamabhande-imisila zonke izitho zakhiwe kahle, kanti kwezinye azikho ngokuphelele noma zisesimweni esonakele kakhulu (njengoba, ngokwesibonelo, ku-chamezaura). Ukuphakelwa kwamabhande kuyahlukahluka kakhulu ohlotsheni ngalunye. Abanye abamele ama-cauda-imisila badla izinambuzane, kanti abanye bayisimila ngokuphelele. Futhi lapha, imisila emikhulu kunazo zonke, amasayizi awo afinyelela amasentimitha angamashumi ayisikhombisa ubude, azingela izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinsikazi ezincane kunokuzizondla.
Imisila ye-Belt ehlala ezindaweni eziseningizimu zohlu lwayo lokusabalalisa iwela ekubandakanyeni, iqhwa lapho kubanda khona. Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo zemisila yokubhinca amabhande (ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho yokusatshalaliswa kwawo) ezingahambisani nesikhathi sasebusika. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamabhande zinamasu ahlukile okuzivikela. Ehlukile ikakhulukazi kubo kungabizwa njengokuzivikela kwesisila sebhande elincane. Lolu hlobo lwemisila yibhinca alunawo amapuleti e-scaly aqinile esiswini, okwenza le ndawo ibe sengozini kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokucabanga kwengozi, ibhande lomsila omncane liwela ebholeni, lizilimaze ngomsila kakhulu - ukuze lingahlukaniswa. Ngale ndlela lapho umsila omncane webhande uvikela indawo yawo obuthakathaka.
Uhlobo lwe-cauda equina luhlanganisa izinhlobo nezinhlobo ezilandelayo:
- Amabhanti-womsila wangempela (umsila omncane webhande, umsila omkhulu webhulukwe, umsila ojwayelekile webhande, umsila webhande lase-East African).
- Ama-Plasitosaurs
- AmaChamezaurs
Uhlobo ngalunye lomsila we-cauda, nalo, lufaka ama-subspecies ambalwa.
Kepha le vidiyo ikhombisa ukuthi kungani abizwa kanjalo:
Futhi ngizokukhombisa amanye amadragoni amancane, bheka: I-Pangolin ehlomile, futhi nakhu okunye Idokodo dinosaur
Belt Umsila Habitat
Umsila omncane we-Belt ngemvelo ungabonakala emikhondweni eminingi eyomile yaseNingizimu Afrika. Indawo yokuhlala yemvelo ugu lwaseNtshonalanga neNingizimu Afrika, ukusuka eMfuleni i-Orange, eNyakatho Kapa, kuye ePicketberg eningizimu. Izingwe zamaBrisk nazo zitholakala ezingxenyeni zezwe, ezindaweni eziwugwadule nasogwadule lwaseKarru.
Belt-umsila curled up ngesikhathi ingozi. Izithombe ngu-marshcv9.
Lapho ezinye izilwane zihlupheka khona ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama nokudla, igobolondo elinomsila lizizwa lisekhaya, lihlala ngaphansi kwamatshe amakhulu kanye nokuqhekeka ezindaweni ezinamadwala.
Umbala we-lizard futhi uxhomeke endaweni yokuhlala kanye nasendalweni. Ingahlukahluka kusuka kotshani kuya kwesikhumba, kanti izinhlangothi zesilwane zenziwa umnqumo noma zibomvu. Amabala amnyama emhlane kanye nomsila oguquguqukayo, owenza cishe isigamu sobude bomzimba, wa udrako omncane nawo uvama.
Imisila emincane yamabhande ihlala emiphakathini emincane, lapho abesilisa abaningana benowesilisa oyedwa olawula insimu. Endle, zingabhekwa njengezokuhlala isikhathi eside phakathi kwezihlobo. Akujwayelekile ukuthi lezi zibankwa ezincane ziphila zize zifike eminyakeni engama-25.Futhi ngesikhathi sokuphola, ukuze bathole ukuthandwa, baxhumana ngokuthakazelisa kakhulu, benza ukunyakaza okunesigqi kwamakhanda abo, basonta umsila wabo, futhi bacindezela ngisho nozakwabo ngezilimi zabo.
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-Girdle
Inzalo yemisila yibhande ithola kanye ngonyaka. Ithole elilodwa noma amabili aphilayo avela kowesifazane, okuqhamuke kuphela ulwelwesi oluncane oluhlukane nolwangaphandle lwangaphandle lapho luzalwa. Ubukhulu bezingane bungamasentimitha ayi-6 ubude, kepha bakulungele ngokuphelele impilo yokuzimela futhi badla okufanayo nezihlobo zabantu abadala.
I-Belttail entendeni yesandla somuntu - isithombe sikuvumela ukuthi ucabange ngosayizi wezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Izithombe ngu: Steven Troter.
Ukudla komsila webhande kufaka izinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane zasendaweni. Ngenkathi yezimvula zasentwasahlobo, izibankwakazi ziyakuthokozela ukubuyiselwa ezindaweni ezivulekile zabavuni eningizimu ye-Afrika. Futhi sonke isikhathi asizideleli izimbungulu, imijondolo, izicabucabu futhi ngisho nawofezela. Esikhathini esomile kunazo zonke, lapho kungekho kudla okwenele, amabhande athanda ukugcwala ubusika.
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, izibankwa zinezitha eziningi. Lezi yizilwane ezidla ezinye ezihlala e-South African Veld, nezinyoni, futhi, ngeshwa, ngabantu. Ngenxa yokwanda komkhakha wezomnotho, indawo yokuhlala yemvelo yebhasikidi elincane iyancipha. Ukuthandwa okwandayo kwalesi zinhlobo njengekhaya kuthinta inani lazo.
Izimbotshana, insikazi ngakwesobunxele, insikazi ngakwesokunene. Izithombe ngu: elgianchocolate.
Namuhla, uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika ubhale i-Red Tail in the Red Book of South Africa, futhi ukubanjwa kwesibankwa okungajwayelekile kulawulwa yi-II Convention on the International Trade in Endangered and Rare Species.
Uyayithanda i-athikili? Bhala umbono wakho emazwaneni.
Bhalisela i-FB yethu:
Ngabe zidlani izingwegwe?
Imenyu yabo iqukethe izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene ezihlala endaweni yokuhlala. Imisila emincane yamabhande ithanda kakhulu ukudla abavuni bethimu. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, azenqabeli esinye isidalwa esiphilayo esincane: iminyayo, izicabucabu, amabhungane kanye nawofezela. Uma kunezikhathi lapho ukudla kwempilo ejwayelekile akwanele, amabhande ancamela ukuchitha lesi sikhathi e-hibernation.
Ukuzalela inzalo emsileni we-cauda
Isikhathi sokukhwelana senzeka kanye ngonyaka. Emva kwalokhu, insikazi evundisiwe, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, izala amawundlu eyodwa noma amabili. Ukuzalwa bukhoma kungenye yezinto ezihlukanisa le zinhlobo zezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Umsila omncane webhande uzalwa cishe amasentimitha ayisithupha. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa, abantu abancane bazimele ngokuphelele, bangazidla ngokwabo futhi bakulungele ukuba ngumdala.
Abaphenyi bathola ukuthi imisila emincane yebhinca isinda ifinyelele eminyakeni engama-25.
Indawo esengozini kakhulu yintamo.
Belttail nendoda
Ngaphezu kwezitha zemvelo, abantu bathonya nenani lalezi zidalwa. Mayelana nalokhu, uhulumeni waseNingizimu Afrika ufake ibhande elincane lomsila kwi-Red Book yezwe wafaka lolu hlobo lwezilwane ngaphansi kokuvikela ngokucophelela.
I-curling up ngale ndlela, ibhinca umsila omncane uvikela ubungozi.
Muva nje, abantu basebenze kakhulu ekutshaleni imichilo yama-girili njengezilwane ezifuywayo. Ngokusobala, ukubukeka “kukadrako” walesi sidalwa kuyinto ebukekayo kubo.
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