Isilwane esimangalisayo. Unesibalo sehhashi, imilenze ye-zebra enemichilo nolimi olude, oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - Okapi, isilwane esiseduze nomhlaba. Kufihliwe endaweni eyihlathi lase-Afrika isikhathi eside. Abaphenyi bakuthola ngonyaka we-1890.

Isilwane sifinyelela ekuphakameni okufika kumamitha ayi-1.7. Ubude bomzimba bungafinyelela kumamitha ayi-2,2. Isisindo kufika kuma-350 kg. Isikhathi esimaphakathi sokuthunjwa siyiminyaka engama-30, endaweni yokuhlala yemvelo akwaziwa. Indawo yokuhlala yamahlathi eDemocratic Republic of the Congo.

Izindlulamithi yizo kuphela izihlobo zika-Okapi. Ngeke ucabange ngakho okokuqala. Kuze kube yilapho isilwane sinamathela ngaphandle kolimi lwaso. Ulimi lubukeka lufana kakhulu nolimi lwendlulamithi: iblue, yinde, iguquguqukayo kakhulu, ilungele ukuqoqa amaqabunga. Njengendlulamithi, imilenze yangaphambili ye-okapi yinde kunezinyawo ezingemuva. Futhi intamo yinde kune, ngokwesibonelo, ihhashi, kepha ayikwazi ukuncintisana nentamo yendlulamithi. Enye into evamile enendlulamithi: zihamba ngasikhathi sinye ngemilenze yangakwesobunxele nangemuva langemuva.

U-Okapi ubizwa nangokuthi "indlulamithi yehlathi," noma "indlulamithi emfishane." Kepha i-okapi izwakala inhle kakhulu. Akuyona?

Isilwane sowesifazane sikhuphuka ngaphezu komlingani wesilisa futhi sinzima kakhulu kunaso. Kuyamangaza lokhu ngoba indlulamithi ye-steppe inehlukile: umehluko wosayizi ungaphezulu kwe-1.5 m - uthanda abesilisa.

Lezi yizilwane ezihlala zodwa, ngakho-ke azivamile ukutholakala ngaphandle kweqembu lokukhwelana. Anamathiselwe kunsimu yawo. Ehlathini eliminyene bathembela ezindlebeni zabo. Izinsikazi zinendawo engasukiyo, ebiyelwe enuka kuyo.

Usana olusanda kuzalwa seluvele lube uhhafu wehora ngemuva kokuzalwa ezinyaweni zalo. Umama uvikela inzalo yakhe ezitheni - ikakhulukazi ezilwa nengwe.

Eminyakeni emithathu, insikazi iyavuthwa ngokomoya. Ngenxa yesikhathi eside sokukhulelwa (kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-15) futhi ngoba zizala eyodwa kuphela, i-okapi izala kancane.

Lesi ngesinye sezizathu esenza lezi zilwane ziba zincane futhi zincane. Esinye isizathu ngumuntu ochitha njalo indawo ahlala kuyo.

Ufuna ukwazi konke

OKAPI (Okapia johnstoni) - isilwane esinezintambo emndenini wendlulamthi. I-Endemic to Zaire. Kuhlala amahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho kudla khona amahlumela namaqabunga euphorbiaceae, kanye nezithelo zezitshalo ezahlukahlukene.

Lesi isilwane esikhulu kunalokho: ubude bomzimba obungu-2 m, ukuphakama emahlombe ka-1.5-1.72 m, isisindo esingama-250 kg. Ngokungafani nendlulamithi, intamo inobude obulinganisile ku-okapi. Izindlebe ezinde, amehlo amakhulu akhanyayo nomsila ophela ngebhulashi elibonisa ukubukeka kwalesi silwane esiyimfihlakalo kakhulu. Umbala uhlukile kakhulu: umzimba ubomvu onsundu, imilenze imhlophe ngemivimbo emnyama eshintshashintshayo emathangeni nasezinqeni. Ekhanda labesilisa kukhona izimpondo ezincane, ezimbozwe isikhumba ezinamathiphu amnyama “amathiphu” aguqulwa minyaka yonke. Ulimi lude futhi aluthambile, ngombala ngombala.

Thatha indlulamithi, engeza i-zebra kuyo bese uthola i-OKAPI.

Umlando wokutholwa kwe-okapi ungenye yemizwa ephakeme kakhulu ye-zoological yezilwane yekhulu lama-20. Imininingwane yokuqala ngesilwane esingaziwa yatholwa ngonyaka we-1890 ngumhambi odumile uG. Stanley, okwazile ukufika emahlathini ayizintombi eCongo Basin. Embikweni wakhe, uStanley uthe ama-pygmies abona amahhashi akhe akamanganga (ngokungafani nokulindelwe!) Futhi wachaza nokuthi izilwane ezifanayo zitholakala emahlathini abo. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, lowo owayeyiRhuluneli lase-Uganda ngaleso sikhathi, u-Johnston waseNgilandi wanquma ukubheka amazwi kaStanley: imininingwane mayelana "namahhashi amahlathi" angaziwa yabonakala iyisiwula. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngo-1899, uJohnston wakwazi ukuthola ukuqinisekiswa kwamazwi kaStanley: okokuqala, ama-pygmies, kanye nesithunywa sevangeli esimhlophe uLloyd, sichaze uJohnston ukubonakala "kwehhashi lasehlathini" futhi labika negama lakhona - okapi.

Futhi-ke uJohnston wayebuye abe ngumphathi we-luckier: eFort Beni, amaBelgius amnika izingcezu ezimbili zesikhumba se-okapi! Bathunyelwa eLondon kwiRoyal Zoological Society. Ukuhlolwa kwabo kukhombisa ukuthi isikhumba akuyona eyanhlobo lwamadwala, futhi ngoDisemba 1900 isazi sezilwane sashicilela incazelo yohlobo lwesilwane esisha, silinika igama elithi "ihhashi likaJohnston."

KwangoJuni 1901 kuphela lapho kuthunyelwa isikhumba esigcwele nezinsibha ezimbili eLondon, kwavela ukuthi bengebona abamahhashi, kodwa basondele emathanjeni ezilwane ezaphela kudala. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwakunguhlobo olusha ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, igama lesimanje i-okapi labhaliswa ngokusemthethweni - igama elisetshenziswe izinkulungwane zeminyaka phakathi kwama-pygmies aqhamuka emahlathini ase-Ituri. Kodwa-ke, i-okapi yahlala icishe ingafinyeleleki. Izicelo ze-zoo nazo aziphumelelanga.

Kwathi ngo-1919 kuphela, i-Antwerp Zoo yathola u-okapi omncane wokuqala, owayehlala eYurophu izinsuku ezingama-50 kuphela. Imizamo embalwa eminingi yaphela ngehluleki. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1928, intokazi yase-Okapi egama linguTele yafika e-Antwerp Zoo. Ubuye waphila kwaze kwaba ngu-1943 futhi wabulawa yindlala phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Futhi ngo-1954, bonke abasendaweni efanayo ye-Antwerp zoo bazalwa bokuqala be-okapi, okuthe ngeshwa basheshe bafa. Ukutshala kokuqala ngempumelelo kwe-okapi kutholakala ngo-1956 eParis.

Njengamanje e-Epulu (Republic of the Congo, Kinshasa) kunesiteshi esikhethekile sokubamba i-okapi ebukhoma. Ngokweminye imibiko, ama-okapi agcinwa ezindaweni ezi-18 zomhlaba futhi azalwe ngempumelelo.

Sisazi okuncane ngempilo ka-okapi endle. Bambalwa abantu baseYurophu abake babona lesi silwane endaweni yemvelo. Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-okapi kukhawulelwe endaweni encane eCongo Basin, lapho kuhlala khona amahlathi aminyene futhi awafinyeleleki. Kodwa-ke, kuleli hlathi eliningi, ama-okapi atholakala kuphela ezindaweni ezimbalwa ezicacisiwe eduze nemifula nemifudlana, lapho izimila eziluhlaza ezisuka esihlahleni esingaphezulu zehlela emhlabathini.

Ama-Okapi awakwazi ukuhlala ngaphansi kophahla lwehlathi eliqhubekayo - awanalutho lokudla. Ukudla kwe-okapi kuhlanganiswa ikakhulukazi ngamaqabunga: ngolimi lwabo olude noluguquguqukayo, izilwane zibamba ihlumela elincane lesihlahla bese zikhipha amahlamvu kulo ngokunyakaza okushelelayo. Ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela lapho zidla khona utshani otshanini. Njengoba izifundo zesazi sezilwane uDe Medina zikhombisile, i-okapi iyinhle ekukhetheni kokuphakelwa: kwemindeni engu-13 yezitshalo eyakha ihlosi eliphansi lehlathi lemvula, isebenzisa izinhlobo ezingama-30 kuphela. Amalahle namalahle amdaka aqukethe ubumba lwe-nitrate kusuka osebeni lwamanzi asezweni abuye atholakala kudoti we-okapi. Ngokusobala, le yindlela isilwane esilingana ngayo nokuntuleka kokudla kwamaminerali. Ama-Okapi ayondliwa ngesikhathi sasemini.

Ama-Okapi ayizilwane ezihlala zodwa. Kuphela kokuganiswa komuntu wesifazane insikazi ijoyina owesilisa izinsuku eziningana. Kwesinye isikhathi umbhangqwana onjalo uphelezelwa yingane yangonyaka odlule, lapho owesilisa osemdala engezwa imizwa yenzondo. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-440, ukuzalwa kwengane kwenzeka ngo-Agasti - Okthoba, ngesikhathi semvula. Okokuzalwa kwengane, insikazi ithatha umhlalaphansi iye ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu, futhi leli thokazi elisanda kuzalwa lilele izinsuku eziningana, licashe eshibeni. Umama umthola ngezwi. Izwi labantu abadala i-okapi lifana nokukhwehlela okuthule, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezintambo zezwi. Iwundlu lenza imisindo efanayo, kodwa futhi lingaqhakaza kancane njengethole noma ngezikhathi ezithile lishaye buthule. Umama unamathela kakhulu enganeni: kuba nezimo lapho owesimame ezama ukuxosha ngisho nabantu enganeni. Kwezinzwa eziku-okapi, ukuzwa nokuhogela kuthuthukiswa kakhulu.

Ama-Okapi ahlala emahlathini ashisayo ase-Afrika eCongo Basin (Zaire). Lezi yizilwane ezincane, ezinamahloni kakhulu, ezinemibala efana ne-zebra, ezivela emndenini wendlulamthi. Abakwa-Okapi bavame ukudliwa bebodwa, badlule emahlathini buthule. Ama-Okapi azwela kakhulu kangangokuba ngisho nama-pygmies awakwazi ukusina kuwo. Bayenga lezi zilwane emigodini yemigodi.

I-Okapi ingenza izinto ezimangalisayo ngolimi lwayo lwamasentimitha amane, isibonelo, ikhotha ngemuva kwezindlebe zayo ezimnyama ezinomngcele obomvu. Ngaphakathi umlomo ezinhlangothini zombili unamaphakeji lapho angakwazi ukugcina khona ukudla.

Ama-Okapi ayizilwane ezihlanzekile kakhulu. Bathanda ukunakekela isikhumba sabo isikhathi eside.

Kuze kube sekupheleni, kusenzima ukutadisha impilo nemikhuba ye-okapi. Ngenxa yamandla ezombusazwe angaguquki eCongo ngezimpi zombango ezingapheli, futhi futhi ngenxa yesibindi nokugcina imfihlo yezilwane, kuncane okwaziwayo ngempilo yabo yenkululeko. Ukuhlakazwa kwamahlathi ngokungangabazeki kuthinta usayizi wabantu. Ngokwesilinganiso esinzima kakhulu, i-okapi inabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi kuphela. Kukhona angama-45 awo kwizindawo zomhlaba wonke.

Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane banezindawo zabo zokudla, kepha lezi akuzona izilwane zomhlaba, izimpahla zabo ziyagcwala, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ama-okapis angadla ndawonye ngamaqembu amancane isikhashana. U-Okapi, njengoba wazi, futhi uxhumana nomunye usebenzisa imisindo "ethukuthelayo" futhi uthembele ekuzweni ehlathini elizungezile, lapho bengakwazi ukubona kude kakhulu.

Bondla ikakhulu ngamaqabunga, amakhambi, izithelo kanye namakhowe, amanye awo aziwa ukuthi anobuthi. Kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi yingakho, ngaphezu kwakho konke, i-okapi idla namalahle ezihlahleni ezishisiwe, okuyi -antidote enhle kakhulu ngemuva kokudla ubuthi. Kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinto ezitshaliwe, i-okapi nayo idla ubumba, enikeza imizimba yazo usawoti kanye namaminerali adingekayo ngokudla kwesitshalo sayo.

Isilwane sinokubukeka okungajwayelekile kakhulu: izinwele ze-velvety zingumbala woshokholethi omnyama ngamathayi abomvu, izinyawo zihlotshiswe ngamaphethini amnyama anombala omnyama nomhlophe, kanti ekhanda (kubesilisa kuphela) - izimpondo ezimbili ezincane.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi lukhulu kangangokuba ama-okapi angageza amehlo. Cishe isilo esingamakhilogremu angama-250 sifinyelela kumamitha amabili ubude ngokuphakama (ekushwabeni) kwamasentimitha angama-160. Abesifazane baphakeme kancane kunamadoda abo.

Ukubhebhetheka

Isifunda okuwukuphela kwendawo etholakala kuyo i-okapi yiDemocratic Republic of the Congo. I-Okapi ihlala emahlathini acinene asezindaweni ezishisayo asenyakatho nasempumalanga yezwe, ngokwesibonelo, ezindaweni ezigcinwe eSalonga, Maiko naseVirunga.

Ubungako bamanje be-okapi endle abaziwa. Njengoba i-okapi iyizilwane ezesabekayo futhi ezifihla imfihlo futhi ihlala ezweni elibuswa yimpi yombango, kuncane okwaziwayo ngempilo yabo. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi, okubenza banciphise indawo yokuhlala, kungenzeka kufaka ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu. Ukuqagela okuqaphelekile kwenani lama-okapi kubizwa ngokuthi izibalo zisuka ezinkulungwaneni eziyishumi kuya kwezingama-20 zabantu abaphila kwinkululeko [umthombo awucacisiwe izinsuku eziyi-1311]. Ezindaweni zomhlaba wonke zingu-160.

Indlela yokuphila

Njengezindlulamithi ezihlobene, ama-okapi adla kuphela amaqabunga anezinkuni: ngolimi lwawo olude nolushintshashintshayo, izilwane zithwebula ihlumela elincane lesihlahla bese liqala ukushiya nalo ngokunyakaza okushelelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-okapi adla amakhambi, ama-fern, amakhowe nezithelo. Njengoba izifundo zesazi sezilwane uDe Medina zikhombisile, i-okapi iyinhle ekukhetheni kokuphakelwa: kwemindeni engu-13 yezitshalo eyakha ihlosi eliphansi lehlathi lemvula, isebenzisa izinhlobo ezingama-30 kuphela. Amalahle namalahle amdaka aqukethe ubumba lwe-nitrate kusuka osebeni lwamanzi asezweni abuye atholakala kudoti we-okapi. Ngokusobala, le yindlela isilwane esilingana ngayo nokuntuleka kokudla kwamaminerali. Ama-Okapi ayondliwa ngesikhathi sasemini. .

U-Okapi uyasebenza emini. Izinsikazi ezindala zichaze izindawo ngokucacile, kanti izindawo zabesilisa ziyahlangana futhi azichazwa ngokungenanjongo. Okapi - izilwane ezihlala zodwa. Ngesinye isikhathi, atholakala emaqenjini amancane, kepha ngasizathu sini azibumba zona, namanje akwaziwa.

Ukukhulelwa kwe-okapi izinsuku ezingama-450. Ukuzalwa kwenzalo kuncike ezinkathini zonyaka: ukuzala izingane kwenzeka ngo-Agasti-Okthoba, phakathi nesikhathi semvula. Okokuzalwa kwengane, insikazi ithatha umhlalaphansi iye ezindaweni ezikude kakhulu, futhi leli thokazi elisanda kuzalwa lilele izinsuku eziningana, licashe eshibeni. Umama umthola ngezwi. Izwi labantu abadala i-okapi lifana nokukhwehlela okuthule. Iwundlu lenza imisindo efanayo, kodwa futhi lingaqhakaza kancane njengethole noma ngezikhathi ezithile lishaye buthule. Umama unamathela kakhulu enganeni: kuba nezimo lapho owesimame ezama ukuxosha ngisho nabantu enganeni. Kwezinzwa eziku-okapi, ukuzwa nokuhogela kuthuthukiswa kakhulu. . Ekudingisweni, i-okapi ingaphila iminyaka engama-30.

Umlando wokutholwa kwe-okapi

Umlando wokutholwa kwe-okapi ungenye yemizwa ephakeme kakhulu ye-zoological yezilwane yekhulu lama-20. Imininingwane yokuqala ngesilwane esingaziwa yatholwa ngonyaka we-1890 ngumhambi odumile uHenry Stanley, okwazile ukufika emahlathini ayizintombi eCongo Basin. Embikweni wakhe, uStanley uthe ama-pygmies abona amahhashi akhe awamanganga (ngokungafani nokulindelwe) futhi achaza nokuthi izilwane ezifanayo zitholakala emahlathini awo. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, lowo owayeyiRhuluneli lase-Uganda ngaleso sikhathi, u-Johnston waseNgilandi wanquma ukubheka amazwi kaStanley: imininingwane mayelana "namahhashi amahlathi" angaziwa yabonakala iyisiwula. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngo-1899, uJohnston wakwazi ukuthola isiqinisekiso samazwi kaStanley: okokuqala, ama-pygmies, bese kuba isithunywa sevangeli esimhlophe uLloyd, sichaze uJohnston ukubonakala "kwehhashi lasehlathini" futhi sabika negama lakhona lendawo - okapi. Futhi-ke uJohnston wayebuye abe ngumphathi wecala: eFort Beni, amaBelgius amnika izingcezu ezimbili zesikhumba se-okapi. Bathunyelwa eLondon kwiRoyal Zoological Society. Ukuhlolwa kwabo kukhombisa ukuthi isikhumba akuyona eyanhlobo lwamadwala, futhi ngoDisemba 1900 isazi sezilwane sashicilela incazelo yohlobo lwesilwane esisha, silinika igama elithi "ihhashi likaJohnston." KwangoJuni 1901 kuphela lapho kuthunyelwa isikhumba esigcwele nezinsibha ezimbili eLondon, kwavela ukuthi bengebona abamahhashi, kodwa basondele emathanjeni ezilwane ezaphela kudala. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kwakunguhlobo olusha ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, igama lesimanje i-okapi labhaliswa ngokusemthethweni - igama elisetshenziswe izinkulungwane zeminyaka phakathi kwama-pygmies aqhamuka emahlathini ase-Ituri. Kodwa-ke, i-okapi yahlala icishe ingafinyeleleki.

Izicelo ze-zoo nazo aziphumelelanga. Kwathi ngo-1919 kuphela, i-Antwerp Zoo yathola u-okapi omncane wokuqala, owayehlala eYurophu izinsuku ezingama-50 kuphela. Imizamo embalwa eminingi yaphela ngehluleki. Kodwa-ke, ngo-1928, intokazi yase-Okapi egama linguTele yafika e-Antwerp Zoo. Ubuye waphila kwaze kwaba ngu-1943 futhi wabulawa yindlala phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Futhi ngo-1954, bonke abasendaweni efanayo ye-Antwerp zoo bazalwa bokuqala be-okapi, abasheshe bafa. Ukutshala kokuqala ngempumelelo kwe-okapi kutholakala ngo-1956 eParis. Njengamanje e-Epulu (Republic of the Congo, Kinshasa) kunesiteshi esikhethekile sokubamba i-okapi ebukhoma. .