Ngabe ufuna ukwazana nembumbulu enkulu kunazo zonke ezweni lethu? Bese unaka isilwane okuthiwa i-harza.

I-Kharza iyaziwa nangamanye amagama: Ussuri marten noma marten ophuziwe webele. Lesi silwane sihlukaniswa kwabanye abamele umndeni we-marten ngombala waso okhanyayo nangokwakheka komzimba. Ngubani lo charza?

Ukubukeka kweHarza

Isisindo se-Ussuri marten singafinyelela cishe kumakhilogremu ayi-6. Umzimba we-charza ukhula ubude ngamasentimitha angama-80. Uma futhi unaka umsila wamasentimitha angama-44, khona-ke usayizi wesilwane uzokhuphuka ufike kumamitha ayi-24 amasentimitha.

Harza (Martes flavigula).

Isilwane okuthiwa nguKharza sinomzimba omude futhi sinemisipha emincane kakhulu. Intamo yesilwane yinde; ikhanda elincane liphumula kuso. Umsila awugqinsi, kepha ubude bawo abunqunyelwa. Ijazi loboya be-harza linoboya obucwebezelayo futhi obufushane, futhi umbala walo ufana "nengubo" yesilwane esishisayo.

Eqinisweni, kwizidalwa zaseRussia, lesi silwane sibukeka simangalisa ngokwedlulele, kepha-ke, lapha sizinze kahle futhi sinethezekile isikhathi eside. Indawo yama-Kharza aboriginal ingamazwe ahluke ngokuphelele.

Habitat

U-Kharza uhlala ngaphakathi kweNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, e-Western Siberia nase-Urals. Ingatholakala esiQhingini SaseGreat Sunda, eMalacca peninsula, ezintabeni eziseHimalaya endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezi-3,5 kuya kwezi-6 ngenhla yolwandle, eningizimu nasempumalanga yeChina, naseKorea naseMpumalanga Ekude eRussia.

Umhlali wase Ussuri taiga, Kharza ubizwa nangokuthi Ussuri marten. Kuyatholakala naseCaucasus, Belarus naseMoldova. Isisulu esiqaphelayo sithanda ukuhlala emahlathini aminyene anzima futhi angaxutshwe nalutho oluqinile, emithambekeni yezintaba nasezindaweni ezinoxhaphozi.

Isibindi nomad nomzingeli

Kharza uphila impilo emile, ehlala efuna izisulu. Ezikhathini ezinzima zobusika, umhlaseli anganqoba indlela eyi-20 km ngosuku. Ehlobo, ibanga elimbozwe ngasikhathi sinye lenyuka kakhulu. Le nomad ephathekayo nenesibindi ihamba kalula emithambekeni yezintaba njengomuntu onamava okhuphukayo, futhi ikwazi ukushesha inyathele futhi ibambe isikhathi eside, igxume, uma kunesidingo, isuka esihlahleni iye kwesinye ibanga eliyi-9 m.

Izinyawo ezibanzi zenza kube lula ukuhambisa phezu kweqhwa elingatheni kakhulu ngaphandle kokuwela kulo. Lesi silo asinazindawo zokuphephela unomphela, ngakho-ke, uma kunesidingo, siphumula ekuvutheni komoya, emigodini nasemifantwini phakathi kwamadwala.
IHarza kwesinye isikhathi izingela yodwa, kepha izilwane zivame ukujoyina amaqembu amancane abantu aba-5, zizitholele izindima phakathi kokuzingela. Ukuhamba ngeketanga, amamitha ayi-10 ukusuka komunye nomunye, bona, njengabazingeli bangempela, baqhuba inyamazane ibabambele, bexhumana ngosizo lwegxolo elivelayo. Ngasikhathi sinye, amanye amalungu esikeji esakhiwe alindele isisulu ekuqamekeleni. Isibonelo, ebusika, izinyamazane zidonsela ama-musk deer eweni, lapho inyamazane enenkani iqala ukuntanta futhi iphendeke ukuvikela. Lapho sesiphathe inyamazane, umhlambi uzulazula isikhathi eside nesidumbu noma ucashe izinsalela zaso.

Ukudla komlobi we-Ussuri

Harza ukhetha ukudla squirrels kanye namagundane. Musa ukudelela ukutholwa. Kungakwazi ukuhlasela izilwane ezinkulu kakhulu kunalezi zikhulu ngobukhulu: izinja ze-raccoon, amasaka, inyamazane yodoti, inyamazane yedlozi, amabhungu asendle asemasha. Ibuye idle izinyoni nabamele abancane be-fauna. Izinhlanzi ngobuchule emanzini angajulile.

Ehlobo, uyakujabulela ukudla amakhowe nokudla kwezitshalo, uncamela amajikijolo namantongomane. Ummbila ophuziwe webele isithandwa esikhulu sezinyosi nezinyosi. Ikhipha uju ngokumba izidleke zezinyosi zasendle ngendlela yasekuqaleni, yehlise umsila wayo esidlekeni, bese iyikhotha.

Izici zokuzala kanye nokuziphatha komphakathi

Isikhathi sokuzala siwela ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuthatha izinyanga ezine. Ngalesi sikhathi, eduze kokuzalwa kwengane, umama okhulelwe uziphephela yena nezingane ngokuphephela emagumbini akude kakhulu ehlathi, abiyelwe ngogqinsi lomoya nangamatshe aminyene angenamandla. Lapha uhlela umhume lapho kuzalwa khona imidumba emibili kuya kwengu-5.

Umama uyakhula futhi alethe amawundlu eyedwa, ebafundisa amakhono okuzingela. Owesilisa akabambi iqhaza ekukhuliseni nasekukhuliseni izingane. Intsha ihlala nonina kuze kube intwasahlobo elandelayo.
UHarza akakwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi isilwane senhlalo. Ngemuva kokushiya umama, osemusha osekhulile uhlala ndawonye isikhathi eside. Amantshontsho anjalo azingela futhi aphumule ndawonye. Kepha kungekudala amazinyane asekhulile futhi aqinisiwe akhetha indlela yawo bese umndeni uqhekeka.

Izisulu zabantu abadala zihlangana ekuzingeleni kaningi ngabashadikazi, ezakhelwe impilo yonke. Kuliqiniso, baphumula ngokwehlukana, yize bezama ukusondelana. Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, baqala ukuzingela bodwa.
Kukholelwa ukuthi i-Ussuri marten idala ukulimaza abantu ngokuzingela imicibisholo, inyamazane yedlozi nezinyamazane zohlobo lwezinwele. Kodwa-ke, i-charza iletha izinzuzo ezinkulu, icekela phansi namagundane.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi sidlakudla esikhanyayo asinazitha zemvelo, sincane futhi siyatholakala kancane endaweni yaso yokuhlala. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi nokwanda kwempucuko emvelweni ezungezile kuyisizathu esiyinhloko salokhu, ngakho-ke, i-charza njengesilwane, inani laso eliyehla, kubhalwe ku-International Red Book kanye neNcwadi Ebomvu yaseRussia.

Ukudla okunempilo nokuziphatha kwe-Ussuri marten

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi silwane ngesingesomndeni we-marten kuphela, akusiyona eyodwa yalabo abazokweneliswa yizilwane ezincane, izinambuzane nembewu. Inyamazane yedlozi - ongule omncane, uvame ukuba yisisulu se-charza. Futhi maye kulokhozi olubi lwe-musk, uma wonke umndeni womsizi we-Ussuri unquma ukuwuqhuba: ngakho-ke awusindiswe!

Ngaphezu kwezitsha ezisuka enyameni kamaskandi, i-charza ihlela ukudla kwayo okuvela emabhuntshini, okokuphamba, i-hazel grouse, amakholamu, ama-hares, izingulube zezingulube zasendle ngisho nezinyamazane. Kokudla kwesitshalo, ummbila ukhetha amantongomane avela kuzinhlamvu zikaphayini kanye namajikijolo ahlukahlukene.

Umsila we-harza usebenza njenge-adaptation yokulinganisa.

Kepha lokhu akugcini ekudleni kwe-charza: kukhona obunye ubuthaka obuyimfihlo kulezi zilwane - bathanda uju. Kulokhu, abantu baseKharza bathola isidlaliso senja yoju. Bakuthola kanjani lokhu kuphathwa, uyabuza? Ngomsila wazo omude - bawuhlisela ngqo esidlekeni, balucwilisa uju, bese bakhotha umsila wabo omnandi ngentokozo.

Inani labantu

Lezi zilwane akuvamile ukubamba iso lazo, ziphila indlela yokuphila eqaphile, ngakho abantu abazizondi. Futhi kungani - ngemuva kwakho konke, i-kharza fur ayisiyona inzuzo ekhethekile: i-coarse futhi ngenxa yalokho ayifunwanga.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.