Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Izihlahla zamagwebu zincane kunazo zonke izinyoni zethu. Ngokuyinhloko egcinwe emiqhele yemithi nezihlahla ezinde, nokho, nangesikhathi sokuzalela, nangesikhathi esingesiso isikhathi sokuzala zingatholakala ezihlahleni eziphansi nakotshani obude. Isidleke sivame ukutholakala emhlabathini, ngezikhathi ezithile - hhayi phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba, ezingxenyeni eziminyene zemiqhele, ikakhulukazi amaConifers. Zihlukaniswa ngumsebenzi ocishe uqhubeke njalo wokunyakaza eduze kwezakhi ezicebile zotshani: zingagxumela emagatsheni amancanyana, noma ziguqulwe zisuka kwelinye igatsha ziye kwelinye, noma okwesekeli zilenga emoyeni eduze kwamaqabunga ngenxa yokusebenza kwamaphiko.

Isikhundla somzimba sivame ukwindilinga, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ziye ngamazinga ahlukahlukene zihluka kancane ngezikhathi nomhlane womzimba - umsila namaphiko asongelwe. Abethembile abahle, bangavala obonayo. Amathoni aluhlaza kanye ophuzi cishe akhona njalo emibalabala (yize cishe zonke izinhlobo zinokuqina kwazo kungahlukahluka), azikho izithambiso, umehluko kumbala kanye nokulingana phakathi kwezinhlobo zezilwane kuvame ukuba kuncane, kepha kuyehlukahluka engomeni yabesilisa. I-Vesnichka, njengamanye ama-scallops, incane kunondlunkulu, ingabhekwa njengento enkulu phakathi kwesikali, iyinyoni enomusa omfishane omfishane omfishane futhi omude, hhayi omfishane, hhayi umhlanga, kodwa hhayi omfishane njengabacibisholo, imilenze . Ubude bomzimba 11-31 cm, amaphiko 18p cm, isisindo 6-11 g.

Incazelo. Ingaphezulu liyi-olive eluhlaza okotshani, umsila ulula kancane, kanti amaphiko nomsila kumnyama kancane. Izimpiko zinde; uma zigoqwa, zimboza cishe isigamu sobude bomsila. Awukho umucu wokudlula okukhanyayo ophikweni, kepha imiphetho yokukhanya yezimpaphe ezisekuphikweni okugoqiwe yenza umbala wayo ungalingani, ngombono wokwakhiwa “kwepaneli” elikhanyayo. Ngaphansi kumhlophe, kufaka umbala ophuzi emqaleni, esifubeni nasezinhlangothini zekhanda, kuze kube sezingeni elincane esiswini. Ishiya eliphuzi libonakala ngokucacile ngaphezu kwamehlo, liboshwe ngezansi ngumucu omnyama omncane odlula iso. Isihlathi siphuzi ngombala, ukukhanya okuncane kuyabonakala ngaphansi kweso. Uthingo lumnyama onsundu. Uqhwaku aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, aluniki umbono omnyama, imiphetho yawo kanye nesisekelo saphansi kunombala ophuzi noma opinki. Imilenze kukhona i-beige ekhanyayo, imvamisa ibukeka ilula, kepha ngokuhlukile kukhanya kungahle kube mnyama.

Ezinyoni ezincane, ziphenduka zibe izimpaphe ezintsha zasekwindla, umbala ophuzi ekhanda nasesifubeni uyakhanya futhi uhlala endaweni enkulu kunakubantu abadala, imvamisa ingaphansi lomzimba icishe iphuzi ngokuphelele. Kubantu abancane (inyanga eyi-1 yokuphila), iplamu isikhululekile, ingaphezulu lingwevu-mnqumo, ezansi zimhlophe, ziphuzi zibonakala kuphela ezinhlangothini zekhanda futhi ngezinga elincane esifubeni, izindondo zomlomo womlomo ngemuva kokushiya isidleke zihlala ziphuzi isikhashana. Phakathi kwezimbangi zethu, ifana kakhulu nengubo yethunzi nogologo, okuthi, njengetshe fly, ayinazintambo ezikhanyayo ephikweni.

Ukusuka kwi-rattle, i-flyweigher ihlukaniswa ngamaphiko amafushane, umthunzi ophuzi ongasikhanyisi kangako weplamu yesifuba, kanye nesembozo esifushane esingaphansi kwengxenye yobude bomsila kusuka ngaphansi. Ihluka ngomthunzi ngemilenze ekhanyayo, iphiko elide futhi elicijile - ubude bezimpaphe eziphakeme zilingana nebanga ukusuka emazingeni abo kuya phezulu kwephiko (umthunzi wezimpaphe umfishane kakhulu), iphethini elihlukanisa kakhudlwana esweni (ikakhulukazi, likhanya esihlathini ngaphansi kwamehlo), lide ishiya elikhanyayo, umbala woqhwaku (ngokuvamile ulula ukwedlula lowo womthunzi), kanye nokungabikho komthunzi onsundu ngombala waphezulu nezinhlangothi zomzimba. Ngokuvamile, kubukeka njengento ebushelelezi, ilula kunesithunzi futhi ngokumelene nesizinda samahlamvu angamakhorali kulahleka kakhulu kunokuba kuqhamile. Ihlukile kwamanye ama-warblers esifundeni sethu ngoba ayinayo imishayo ekhanyayo. Kuhlukile kuzo zonke ezinye izingoma ezingomeni.

Izwi. Abesilisa bavame ukucula emiqheleni, bashintshana ngokuzingela. Ingoma iyisicoco somculo esifushane esifana nemizuzwana emi-3, kuqala ngokuzwakalayo bese siyaphela, ithoni yezimpawu iyaqala ukukhuphuka bese iphansi, ifana nengoma ecwebezelayo, kodwa ngaphandle kokushaya ekugcineni. Ukwehluka komuntu ngamunye kukhulu kakhulu. Abesilisa bahlabelela vele ngesikhathi sendiza, bengakahlali ezindaweni ezihlanganayo. Isikhalo se-alamu - ikhwela eliphakeme "foo"Noma"tiuvit”Ngokugcizelelwa kwesilabhasi yokuqala kanye nesikhulela esikhuphuka ngasekupheleni kwesiginali, okunye ukuqeqeshwa kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa ngocingo lomthunzi, kanye nekholi ejwayelekile yokuvuselela.

Ukusatshalaliswa, isimo. Uhlobo olujwayelekile enkabeni nasenyakatho yeYurophu, kanye naseSiberia, eSigodini saseYenisei, enyakatho yeYakutia naseChukotka. Okujwayelekile, ezindaweni eziningi, izinhlobo eziningi ezifudukayo zengxenye esenyakatho yesifunda leyo kucatshangelwa. Ifika ekuseni, ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi, ukusuka ngoSepthemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.

Indlela yokuphila. Kwenzeka ezinhlobonhlobo zama-biotopes ezinhlobonhlobo zamahlathi - kusuka emahlathini anama-sparse kuma nokucaciswa nokucaciswa kuya ku-tundra enezihlahlana, kuphakama emaphethelweni ezinyawo, kuvamile noma kuningi emaphethelweni amahlathi, amakhophi, emahlathini acwebile, emihlangeni, izingadi namapaki. Isidleke iyindlu ejwayelekile yotshani eyenziwe ngotshani obomile eyenziwe yophahla phezu komphetho kanye nomnyango omncane ohlangothini; izimpaphe zihlala zikhona lapho kufakwa khona ugqoko. Bayibeka emhlabathini otshanini phansi kwesihlahla noma ngesigaxa, kuyaqabukela esihlahleni esiphansi kakhulu ngaphezu komhlaba. Owesifazane wakha isidleke. E-clutch kukhona amaqanda amathathu kuya kwayi-8, amhlophe anezinhlobo ezincane ezibomvu noma ezibomvana. Insikazi ifaka i-clutch izinsuku eziyi-12-16; bobabili abalingani bondla amantshontsho ngezinsuku eziyi-13 kuya kwezingu-17. Amachwane asanda kuzalwa anama-fluffs akhanyayo emhlane nasemakhanda. Kunezimo lapho owesilisa eheha izinsikazi ezimbili.

Idla izinambuzane ezincane, eziqoqayo kusuka ebusweni bamahlumela namaqabunga emqheleni wezihlahla nezihlahla, kwesinye isikhathi otshanini. Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo nasekwindla yokuqala imvamisa kutholakala emihlambini exubile ne-titmouse nezinye izinyoni ezincane ezingavikeleki.

I-Baby Wand (Phylloscopus trochilus)

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nezimpi

• Inani eliphelele labamele lolu hlobo eYurophu lingaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-40,
• Ngokunakekelwa okuhle, izinsimbi zingahlala ekudingisweni iminyaka engafika kwengu-12,
• Abesilisa bangabokuqala ukubuya emazweni afudumele - bathatha isikhala esidlekeni futhi bavame ukulwa bodwa ukuthola amasayithi amahle,
• Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, amaduna ahlabelela izingoma kusukela ekuseni kuze kuhlwe, ehleli esihlahleni esikhethiwe. Ingoma ibushelelezi, inezimpempe ezimnandi nama-trill.

Leli khasi libukwe izikhathi ezingama-46092

Incazelo

I-warbler warbler ifinyelela kubude obungu-11 kuya ku-13 cm, amaphiko asuka ku-17 kuya ku-22 cm. Isisindo se-warbler singama-gli ayi-8 kuye kwali-11. Ngaphandle, kunzima ukuyihlukanisa ne-tenochka, kepha ukucula kwawo kwehluka kakhulu. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwama-warblers lupendiwe ngombala oluhlaza okotshani noma we-olive, uhlangothi lwayo olungezansi lubemhlophe ngokuphuzi. Le nyoni encane inentamo ephuzi, isifuba nemivimbo phezu kwamehlo. Abesilisa nabesifazane babukeka befana.

Ukusatshalaliswa

I-warbler itholakala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba. Ubusika buseningizimu yeSahara Afrika. Isikhathi nokuhanjiswa kwendiza kuzinhlobo zakhe. Izindawo ezikhethekile zama-warblers zingamahlathi anqabile futhi axubile, amapaki, ama-biotopes omswakama, ama-shrubbery nezingadi.

I-Ecology

Indawo ye-fly itshe igqagqene kakhulu ngendawo yezinye izinhlobo ezimbili ezihlobene kakhulu zama-warblers - i-tenovki kanye nama-ratchets. IVesnichka ihlukile ngokusobala kwezinhlobo ezimbili zokugcina ngoba igwema ukuzinza ekujuleni kwehlathi futhi igcina ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni, ekuchazeni nakwezinye izindawo ezivulekile. Imvamisa, utshani bentwasahlobo butholakala ehlathini elinamandla, kepha kuvamile emahlathini ase-spruce naseaphayini. Iyaqhubeka kuzo zonke izindawo zomqhele wesihlahla, phakathi kwamagatsha aminyene namahlamvu, ikhetha imiqhele ngaphandle kwesihlahla esidumile samagatsha namaqabunga. Njengoba ama-micostation wesimo akhiwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi, i-scum ingahlala kuma-biotopes ahlukahlukene.

Umsoco

Ukudla kwesikhala kungahlukahluka ngokuya ngesizini, indawo ye-biotope nendawo. Ngokulandelana, kuyehluka kuye ngesizini, unyaka nonyaka futhi kuhlukile ezindaweni ezihlukile. Izinyoni zidlula kalula zisuka kolunye uhlobo lokudla ziya kolunye, ngokuya ngobuningi bazo nokutholakala kwazo. Ukudla ukudla, okuvame okufanayo ezinhlotsheni ezintathu (izimpungushe, umthunzi, kanye namagundane), ama-scallops akhombisa ukukhetha ngokubhekelana nosayizi wezinto zokudla: i-ratchet ikhiqiza enkulu kunazo zonke, i-flyweed of medium, kanye nomthunzi wama-invertebrates amancane. Umehluko osayizi wezinto zokuphakelayo ubangelwa ubuqili bokuziphatha kokudla kwezinyoni kanye nokwakheka kwama-micostation: ama-ratchets asebenzisa izindlela ezibizayo zokuthola ukudla (izindiza ezihamba ngamabhanoyi, ukugxuma nokuhamba ngezindiza ebangeni elide) futhi uchitha isikhathi esiningi ufuna isisulu. Ngakho-ke, ufuna ukuzingela inyamazane enkulu kunomthunzi futhi abe ne-flyweed, esebenzisa izindlela zokuzingela amandla amancane - ukugxuma emagatsheni kuphinde kuhlangane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, itshe liyandiza futhi lithule, elihlala phakathi kwezimila eziminyene, alikwazi ukukhetha izisulu ezinkulu ngenxa yokubonakala okulinganiselwe futhi baphoqeleka ukuba bathathe noma yikuphi ukudla abahlangana nakho lapho besendleleni.

Ukuzala

Ukuthomba kulolu hlobo kwenzeka eneminyaka eyodwa konyaka. Isikhathi sokuqala kokuzala sihlala ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Isidleke, esakhiwe ngemfene notshani futhi sinokufana nophahla, sifihlwe kahle emathangeni noma otshanini obukhulu. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda amane kuya kwayisikhombisa ngesikhathi bese iwafukamela cishe amasonto amabili. Am amaphuphu amancane emva kokuzalwa ahlala esidlekeni kuze kuphele amasonto amabili. Ngokusho kochwepheshe baseSwitzerland Ornithological Institute (Swiss Ornithological Institute), eshicilelwe ngonyaka ka-2009 ephephandabeni i-Oikos, ama-warblers angabokuqala ngenani phakathi kwezinyoni ezifudukayo phakathi kweYurophu ne-Afrika: ngonyaka cishe abantu abayizigidi ezingama-300 basuka kwenye ingxenye yomhlaba omunye nangemuva. Isikhathi sokuphila kwale nyoni singafinyelela eminyakeni eyi-12.

Ukulandela okulandelayo

Kunezindawo ezintathu zokubhaliswa ezihlukile kumathoni wombala nosayizi:

• Ph. t. trochilus ILinnaeus, ngo-1758 - i-Western Europe isuka emngceleni wezinhlobo ezisempumalanga iye eningizimu yeSweden, ePoland naseCarpathians, eningizimu kuya enkabeni yeFrance, i-Italiya, iYugoslavia kanye neRomania esenyakatho kanye nezindawo ezihlukanisiwe enhlonhlo yase-Apennine, isiqhingi saseSisily futhi, mhlawumbe, ePyrenees,
• P. t. i-acredula ILinnaeus, ngo-1758 - isuka eFennoscandia iye kuma-spurs aseningizimu amaCarpathians, empumalanga iye kumaYenisei,
• Ph. t. yakutensis UTicehurst, 1938 - kusuka kuYenisei kuya ku-Anadyr.

Habitat

Izidleke zale nyoni zitholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu.

I-Wadlet (Phylloscopus trochilus).

E-Asia, i-flyweed ijwayelekile engxenyeni esenyakatho, kuze kufike emfuleni i-Anadyr, ngaphandle kwengxenye eseningizimu yeYakutia naseMpumalanga Ekude. Ukuze ubusika bume buye engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwekazi lase-Afrika.

Indlela Yokuphila Nempilo

I-scum froth ihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini, yize ihlala itholakala emaphopheni nasezihlahleni. Kwesinye isikhathi itholakala emapaki nasezigcawini. Enye yezindawo ezithandwa kakhulu kwama-springies yizigodi zemifula ezinama-birch kanye nezihlahla ezincane ze-alder.

Ama-warbler warblers ayindodana enhle kakhulu.

Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili zale nyoni ukuculwa kwayo okuhle okuvumelanayo. Abesilisa banobunzima bezingoma ezi-7 kuya kwezingama-20. Lezi zingoma zinesakhiwo esiqinile nokulandelana kwemisindo. Akhiwa esemncane kakhulu kule nyoni abuyiselwe kuyo ngokunemba okukhulu. Ukuhlukahluka okuhlukahlukene kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwalezi zingoma kuhlanganiswa kuma-trill amahle.

Lalela izwi lababhemi

Ukudla kwale nyoni kufaka izinambuzane nezibungu, iminenke, izicabucabu. Utshani lwentwasahlobo buyondla ekudleni kwezitshalo okunjengezithelo namajikijolo.

Inkukhu encane yabamba izinambuzane.