IPyrenees Reserve - IPyrenees National Park, eFrance
I-pearl yezokuvakasha kwe-eco-eFrance yiPyrenees Reserve noma iPyrenees National Park. Ihlanganisa amakhilomitha skwele angaphezu kwama-400 futhi ifaka phakathi ingxenye yezintaba zasePyrenees. Lezi zindawo zithathwe njengezabiwa kusukela ngo-1967.
I-French Pyrenees Reserve (Ipaki yelizwe iPyrenees) Ingabe enye yezindawo zokugcina eningizimu yeYurophu lapho kutholakala amabhere ansundu. Ngaphezu kwamabhere, kukhona ama-lynxes, nezinyamazane ezibomvu, nezimbuzi zezintaba zasePyrenean, nezinkozi, nezimpungushe, namagundane amaningi ahlukahlukene.
Izimo zePyrenees Reserve ezidumile azifani. Ungabona izimpophoma namachibi asezintabeni asobala, izimfunda ezinezintaba nezintaba ezigcwele iqhwa. Ensimini yesigcini yindawo ephezulu kakhulu yengxenye yeFrance yalezi zintaba - uSomme du Vinemale. Ifinyelela ekuphakameni okungamamitha angama-3300. IPyrenees Reserve ifakiwe ohlwini lwezikhumbuzo zemvelo ze-UNESCO.
Isigcino sinemizila eminingi yokuhamba ngezinyawo - ukuhamba nokushintshwa ukuze kuhanjiswe ngebhayisikile. Izindlela zokuhamba izintaba zivame ukulungiswa, kunyathelwe bese kumakwa, ngakho-ke cishe akunakwenzeka ukuphambuka.
Izindawo zasentabeni, lapho ungaphumula khona futhi ube nokudla okungaxutshiwe, qondana nendlela. Amabhere awangeni ezindaweni “zabavakashi” eziningi ze-reservation, kepha ama-deer, ama-chamois kanye nama-floorhogs angabonakala endaweni yawo yemvelo. Kukhona nezimvu eziningi ezifuywayo ezidla ngokukhululeka emithambekeni yezintaba.
Noma kunjalo, bonke abavakashi bakulesi sifunda bayelulekwa ukuba bavuke ubusuku bayohlala ezindlini, hhayi ematendeni abo maphakathi nehlathi: umhlangano ngebhere awunakulindeka, kodwa kungenzeka.
"Isikhungo sabavakashi" I-Iberian Nature Reserve - Leli yidolobha laseCotere, elingekude neLourdes - kulapho iningi lemizila liqala khona. Lapha ungathenga noma uqashe imishini edingekayo noma uvumelana nezinsizakalo zomhlahlandlela.
I-Cotere - idolobhana elincane, azikho ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyinkulungwane nezakhamuzi, yize ngesikhathi sasehlobo lingabonakala liminyene. Iziphethu zesibabule eziphilisayo zitholakala lapha, ngakho-ke ngemuva kohambo olukhathazayo lwezintaba kungenzeka ukuthi uphumule futhi uthuthukise impilo yakho.
Izimpawu zangaphandle zokhozi lwase-Iberia
Ukhozi olukhulu lwe-Pyrenees inyoni enkulu yezinyamazane ezinobunzima obuyi-85 cm kanye namaphiko angama-190-210 cm. Isisindo sisuka ku-3000 kuya ku-3500 g.
I-Pyrenean Eagle (i-Aquila adalberti)
Umbala wethani lenyoni edla inyama cishe ucishe waba nsundu - ubomvu, uma uqhathanisa nalezi zindawo ezingemuva zesimo esimhlophe sombala omhlophe qhwa. Umzimba ongaphezulu onsundu omnyama kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi ngamathoni abomvu kumhlane ongemuva.
I-plumage yekhanda nentamo imhlophe ngokuphuzi noma i-krimu emhlophe, futhi ibonwa ibanga elimhlophe ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi ezinkozi ezindala. Izimpaphe zobuso zinsundu, kwesinye isikhathi cishe zimnyama. Izici ezihlukile yikhanda elimhlophe elihola phambili lamaphiko nezindawo ezimhlophe ezihlanzekile emahlombe. Imithunzi yezindawo ezinobuntu iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngobudala bokhozi lwePyrenean. Ingxenye ephezulu yomsila ngimpunga okhanyayo, imvamisa icishe ibe mhlophe noma ibe nomugqa odayiwe onsundu, inomugqa omnyama obanzi nethiphu emhlophe. I-iris yi-walnut. I-wax iphuzi, umbala ofanayo kanye nama-paws.
Izinkozi zasePyrenean kuphela eneminyaka eyi-6,5 zithola umbala wokugcina weplamu
Izinyoni ezincane zimbozwe ngamapulangwe anombala obomvu, nomphimbo onsundu omhlophe, nombala ofanayo we-oblium. Umsila ungahle ube nsundu ngokubomvu noma mpunga ngensiphu ephuzi. Kodwa-ke, umbala we-plumage ushintsha ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala. Endizeni, indawo emhlophe emhlophe ihlukaniswa ngaphansi kwezimpaphe eziyinhloko zephiko. U-Iris onsundu. Imilenze ye-wax nephuzi. Eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu okhozini oluncane, kuvela izimpaphe zombala onsundu omnyama. Umphimbo, isifuba namaphiko angenhla ahlala aphuzi.
Amapayipi, njengakokhozi olukhulu, ekugcineni avela eneminyaka eyi-6 - 8 ubudala.
Indawo yokuhlala ukhozi lwama-Pyrenees
Ukhozi lwe-Iberia luyatholakala ezindaweni ezinezintaba, kepha hhayi ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu. Ukuze izidleke, ukhetha izindawo ezansi kwethambeka ngezihlahla ezinkulu. Itholakala endaweni ephakeme phakathi kwamasimu nezimbani ezizungezwe izihlahla ezingavamile. Indawo yokuhlala ngenxa yobuningi bezinyamazane. Ngakho-ke, isiza esidlekayo singaba nendawo encane ebusweni bokudla. Ngaphansi kwale mibandela, amabanga aphakathi kwezidleke mancane kakhulu.
Ukhozi lwe-Iberia luyatholakala ezindaweni ezinezintaba, kepha hhayi ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu.
Eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, imvamisa izidleke ze-Iberian Eagle, i-Serpent Eagle ne-Imperial Eagle zitholakala zisondelene. Leli lungiselelo lichazwa ngobuningi kule ndawo yemivundla nama hares, abaluleke kakhulu ekudleni kwezinyoni ezidla inyama.
Propaganda ukhozi lwePyrenees
I-Iberian Eagle ingelinye lamakhozi angavamile ezwekazini laseYurophu futhi ihlala eNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia kuphela. Uphila impilo yokuhlala phansi, wenza ukunyakaza okuncane ngaphakathi kwendawo lapho efuna ukudla.
U-Pyrenean ukhozi - enye yezinkozi ezingajwayelekile ezwekazini laseYurophu
Izici zokuziphatha kokhozi lwePyrenees
Ukhozi lwasePyrenean luvezwa amandla alo akhethekile okubamba inyamazane lindiza, kodwa futhi inyoni edla izindwani ibamba izinyoni eziphakathi nendawo nezincane ebusweni bomhlaba. Ukhetha ukuzingela ezindaweni ezivulekile, ancishwe izihlahlana zamabhasi. Ukundiza nokuzingela kokhozi lwePyrenees kwenzeka endaweni ephakeme. Lapho inyamazana ibona inyamazane yayo, isishayelela ngamandla isisulu. Ngesikhathi sezindiza eziyindilinga, ukhozi luhlola ngenkani insimu.
Ukhozi lwase-Iberia luhlukaniswa amandla alo akhethekile okubamba inyamazane lindize
Incazelo
Le yi-raptor enkulu futhi ukhozi olukhulu kunalokho, olufana kakhulu nomzala wayo, indawo yokungcwaba, esezingeni lokusabalalisa elihluke kakhulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkozi ezinkulu ezinozwela, ezithambile, zincane kunokhozi lwegolide futhi luncane kunokhozi lukaBonelli. Indawo yokungcwaba yaseSpain ingaba nesisindo kusuka ku-2,5 kuye ku-4.8 kg (amakhilogremu ayisi-5,5 kuya ku-10.6), inesisindo esilingana no-3.19 kuya ku-3.93 kg (7.0 kuya ku-8.7 amakhilogremu). Lolu hlobo lunobude obungama-cm angama-74 kuye kwangama-85 (amasentimitha angama-29 kuye kwangama-33) kanye nephiko elinamasentimitha angama-177 kuya kwangama-220 (amamitha ama-10 kube ama-intshi ayi-3 inches). Umuntu omdala ufana nendawo yokungcwaba futhi anganikela ngaphandle ngokhozi lwegolide (ikakhulukazi uma libonwa kude), kepha mnyama kakhulu kunanoma yisiphi isicwebe esimnyama esinsundu esifinyelela yonke indlela eya emphinjeni.
Njengomhlaba wokungcwaba, abantu abadala banomugqa omhlophe owahlukile ehlombe kanye nomphetho ophambili wephiko futhi banobuhlungu obuningi kunombala weTaun ngemuva kwekhanda nemiqhele, ngokungafani nombala ophuzi wegolide endaweni efanayo ukhozi lwegolide. Indawo yokungcwaba yabasha yaseSpain ihluke kakhulu kubantu abadala nakwezinye izilwane ezidla izambane likapondo kule ndawo, njengoba ijwayele ukufana, inesihlabathi esimibalabala sotshani, siqhathanisa nemivimbo emnyama ebanzi ezinhlangothini ezingenhla nezingezansi zamaphiko. Encane kunalo mjaho omncane wegolide okhoziwe otholakala eNhlonhlo Yase-Iberia, ilula kancane futhi inciphile ngokubukeka uma iqhathaniswa nezinhlobo zegolide ezinamandla ngokwengeziwe, inentamo ende, futhi iphiko lokuphapha elifuze kakhulu elijwayelekile lindiza kunendlu evamile egolide ukhozi.
I-Spectrum
Ihlala enkabeni naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSpain nasezifundeni eziseduze nasePortugal, eNhlonhlweni yase-Iberia. Inqaba yayo itholakala eDehesa Woodwood enkabeni naseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeSpain, ngokwesibonelo, e-Extremadura, eCiudad Real nasezindaweni ezisenyakatho neHuvava neSeville Sierra Norte. Indawo yokungcwaba yaseSpain iyisakhamuzi sezilwane, ngokungafani nendawo yokungcwaba ingxenye ethile. Ukubukeka okuzinzile eMorocco kuyimpikiswano, kepha izinyoni ezingavuthiwe zivakashela njalo iMorocco ngesikhathi sokuhlakazeka.
Ukwanda kwesibalo sezinyoni ezidukelayo ezazalelwa eSpain bese kuba nesihlalo sikagesi eMorocco kwabonwa, kwezinye izindawo ezisetshenziswa izinhlobo eMorocco zingaba uhlobo “oluvuzayo” mayelana nokubuyiselwa kwezinhlobo zezilwane, futhi lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izwe limi kulo. isimo esifanayo neSpain sasinjalo ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980s uma kukhulunywa ngokuhlukanisa imibhoshongo yokuhambisa. Izinyoni ezidlubhe zaze zafika naseMauritania naseSenegal. Enyakatho yobubanzi bayo bemvelo, ama-tramp asefikile aze afike eNetherlands kwesinye isikhathi esingavamile.
Imvelo
Izindawo ezihlala kuzo izidleke zivame ukoma, amahlathi avuthiwe awasebenzisela ukuthola izidleke nokuhlala yedwa, kepha izidleke zivame kakhulu ukusondela kwizimbobo nezihlahla ezinamaxhaphozi, lapho inyamazane kungenzeka ihlaselwe khona. Unamahloni kubantu, imvamisa izidleke kuphela lapho ukungenela komuntu kuphansi khona. Njengabaningi bezinyamazane, zinendawo enkulu futhi zithambekele ekugcineni uzinzo ekhaya. Izinkozi zaseSpain ezingumbusi zidla kusukela ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli. Umusi we-Nesting uzokwakha isidleke kuze kube ngu-1.5 m (4.9 ft) kulowo mhlangano wokuqala, okuzoholela ekwandeni kwesikhathi, ikakhulukazi ekuvuthweni okhukhunathi noma uphayini. Ubukhulu be-clutch buvama amaqanda ama-2 kuye kwangama-3, kube nesikhathi sokufakelwa okungaba yizinsuku ezingama-43, kodwa ngokwesilinganiso amakhethini acishe abe ngu-1.23-1.4 akhiqizwa esidlekeni. Ukufa kwe-Nestling, njengomthetho, ngenxa yokuphazamiseka komuntu nokubhujiswa kanti isidleke siyawa, futhi okwesibili ngenxa yokuqagela kanye nokuba namandla. I-plumage ifinyelelwa ezinsukwini ezingama-63-77 ubudala, kodwa izingane zingaphikelela isikhathi eside kakhulu, okungenani ezinsukwini ezingama-160 ngemuva kwephaphu.
Idla ikakhulu onogwaja baseYurophu, ababalwa cishe ngama-58% ekudleni kwalolu hlobo ngaphambi kwesifo se-myxomatosis nesifo se-ororrial hemogigic, inani labomdabu base-Iberian bomdabu liyancishiswa kakhulu. Ngenkathi ukuqubuka kweningi labantu onogwaja, kwaqoshwa kudliwa izinhlobo eziningi zezilwanyane ezinempumelelo ehlukahlukene ngokuya ngezinga labantu abangakholeki futhi kungaba ngabazingeli bamanzi abangaxutshwe nalutho, ikakhulukazi amabala ama-Eurasian, amadada kanye namahansi, kanye nokuthatha ezinye izinombolo zamadigida, amajuba kanye namaqhude nokunye izinyoni abahlangabezana nazo, ezisengozini yokuqashelwa. Izinhlobo zezinyoni ezingaphezu kuka-60 ziyaziwa ukuthi zifakiwe ezinhlobeni zazo zokuphamba. Ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo nazo zingathathwa ngesinye isikhathi kufaka phakathi amagundane ahlukahlukene, ama hares, izinkomo, imidlwane, nezinye izinyamazane ezinkulu, ezifana nezimpungushe noma-kuyaqabukela, ngoba akuvamile ukutholakala endaweni yokuhlala, amakati okhozi lwasekhaya nezinja ezincane. Akuvamile ukuthi, izilwane ezihuquzelayo noma izinhlanzi nazo zingazingelwa. Izinyamazane ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezihlanganiswe yile nhlobo zingadlula kalula ama-3.3 kg (7.3 lbs), njengezimpungushe, amaGreylag angamakhowe noma amantshontsho amhlophe, kepha isilinganiso esiphambili sezinyamazane siphansi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinonogwaja abambalwa. Olunye ucwaningo lukhombise ukukhiqizwa kwesisindo okuyisilinganiso esingu-450 g (0.99 lb) endaweni, yize umkhiqizo omkhulukazi ubuye wabikwa ungaphezulu.
Indawo yokungcwaba yaseSpain ingenye yemivundla eminingana evumela izinyoni ezidla inyama eSpain kanye nethimba elikhethekile le-Iberia. Le nhlobo ihlukaniswa kakhulu nendawo yokuhlala kwezinye izinkozi ezigxila kunogwaja lapha ukunciphisa ukuncishiswa okuqondile, njengoba indawo yokungcwaba ithanda ihlathi, kuyilapho izinkozi zohlobo lwe-hawk negolide zihlala endaweni enamadwala kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, okhozi baseSpain abangumbuso bavame ukuxabana ngokudla nezilwane ezahlukumezayo ezahlukahlukene, ngisho namaqhubu amakhudlwana, futhi abagibeli ngezinye izikhathi bangazama ukubulala abasha komunye nomunye. Kwesinye isehlakalo, ukuvikela isidleke sazo, indawo yabangcwabi abadala baseSpain yaze yabulala i-vhung, umlotha omkhulu kunayo yonke emhlabeni. Izinkozi zase-Spain ezingaphili, ezindizayo, ezihamba mahhala ziyizidleke zezinyamazane, ngokuba zingenazilwane ezidla imvelo ngokwazo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ziyabulawa ezingxabanweni futhi ezingxabanekwaneni ezingaba nobungozi nazo zingabulala. Lapho zivikeleka ekuhlukunyezweni kwabantu futhi kude nezinsongo ezifana nezintambo zamandla, ukushona kwabantu abadala kungafinyelela ku-3-5.4% ngonyaka.
Ukongiwa
Izinhlobo zithathwa njengezisengcupheni ye-IASB. Usongo lubandakanya ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, ukuhlaselwa ngabantu, ukushayisana kwama-pylons (ngasikhathi sinye ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1980s, izintambo zokuhambisa amandla zazibiza ama-80% wokufa kwezinyoni ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila) kanye nobuthi obungekho emthethweni. Kukhona futhi ukwehla kwesisulu esiyinhloko salolu hlobo: Onogwaja abagcinwe ngokwesaba noma banciphile kwezinye izindawo lapho ukhozi noma kungahle kube khona ngenxa ye-myxomatosis futhi, muva nje, isifo sohlobo lwe-hemorrhagic.
Ngo-1960, sase isiluhlobo olusengozini enkulu, enamabili kuphela angama-30 asele, wonke atholakale eSpain. Ngemuva kwemizamo yokulondolozwa kwemvelo, ukubuyiselwa komhlaba kwaqala ngeminyaka yama 1980s ngenani lamazinga amasha ayisihlanu okuzala ngonyaka kuze kube ngu-1994. Ngo-2011, inani leplanethi yeVidova lenyuka laba ngababili abangama-324, ngababili abangama-318 eSpain. Izinhlobo zaphinde zakhiwa ePortugal ngonyaka we-2003, ngemuva kokuntuleka kokuzalela isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka engama-20, futhi zikhula kancane, ngoba ngamabili amabanga okuzala ngo-2011 futhi ayisishiyagalolunye akhiwe ngo-2012, inani labantu eSpain labonisa ukwanda okujwayelekile konyaka ngonyaka. I-7% phakathi kuka-1990 no-2011 Lezi zindlela ezinhle zibangelwa izindlela zokunciphisa ukunciphisa ukufa okubangelwa imigqa yokuhambisa amandla, ukondla, ukubuyisa izidleke, ukwenziwa kabusha kanye nokwehla kokuphulwa kokuzalelwa kwezinyoni, yize okunye ukwanda okubonakalayo kungaba kuhlotshaniswa nokusesha okuningiliziwe phakathi kobubanzi bawo.
Propaganda ukhozi lwePyrenees
Isikhathi sokuzala sezinkozi zasePyrenean siwela entwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni zenza izindiza ezindala, ezingafani kakhulu nezinye izindiza zezinye izinhlobo zezinkozi. Izinyoni ezimbili zindiza emoyeni ngamakhala amfishane amfushane nawokukhala komoya. Owesilisa nowesifazane bangena komunye nomunye, kanti ongaphansi uphendukela emahlombe akhe bese ethula amaphiko akhe kumlingani.
Isidleke yisakhiwo esikhulu esingabonakala kude, esivame ukutholakala phezu kwe-oki ye-cork engenamuntu.
Izimbotshana ngazinye zePyrenean, njengomthetho, izidleke ezimbili noma ezintathu, ezizisebenzisayo. Ubukhulu besidleke bungamamitha elilodwa nesigamu ngamasentimitha angama-60, kepha lezi zibanzi zisebenza kuphela ezidlekeni ezakhelwe okokuqala. Lezo izidleke lapho izinyoni zidla khona iminyaka eminingana zilandelana ngokushesha ziba izakhiwo ezinkulu ezifinyelela kumamitha amabili ubukhulu nokujula okufanayo. Akhiwe ngamagatsha omile futhi afakwe ngotshani obomile namagatsha aluhlaza. Zombili lezi zinyoni ezindala ziqoqa izinto zokwakha, kepha insikazi izakhi.
Isikhathi sokuzala sezinkozi zasePyrenees ziba entwasahlobo
Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke esisha kuhlala isikhathi eside kakhulu; akaziwa ukuthi le nqubo iqhubeka isikhathi eside kangakanani. Kepha ukubekwa kwamagatsha kuyasheshiswa, ikakhulukazi izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili ngaphambi kokubekwa kweqanda lokuqala. Ukulungisa noma ukuvuselela isidleke esidala esivele sisetshenziswa eminyakeni edlule kungathatha ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuye kwezingu-15, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kube ngaphezulu.
NgoMeyi, insikazi ibekela iqanda elilodwa noma amathathu lombala omhlophe onamabala ansundu namachashazi amancane ansundu noma onsomi, amathoni ansundu angavamile.
Ukubamba kuqala kuqala ngemuva kokubekwa kwesesibili. Kunoma yikuphi, njengoba wazi, amathole amabili okuqala avela ngasikhathi sinye, kanti owesithathu kuphela emva kwezinsuku ezine. Owesifazane nowesilisa bafaka umdlandla wezinsuku ezingama-43, kepha ikakhulukazi, insikazi ihlala emaqanda.
Eminyakeni eyishumi nanhlanu, izinkozi ezincane zimbozwe izimpaphe zokuqala.Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-55, zibopha ngokugcwele, amachwane amadala ashiya isidleke ayohlala emagatsheni ezihlahla, yonke enye inzalo iyaphuma ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Amachwane akhulile ahlala eduze esidlekeni, futhi ngezikhathi ezithile abuyela esihlahleni. Izinyoni ezindala azizixoshi izinyanga eziningana. Ngemuva kwalokho izinyoni zihlukaniswa komunye nomunye futhi ziphila ngokuzimela.
Ukudla kokhozi lwamaPyrenees kuhluka ngokwehluka
I-Iberian Eagle Feeding
Ukudla kokhozi lwama-Pyrenees kuhlukahluka futhi kunezilwane ezincelisayo eziphakathi nendawo, kepha-ke, isisekelo sokondliwa umvundla we-hare ne-garenne. Isilwane esinezinyoni ezinemibala asivumeli izinyoni ezinosayizi abaphakathi, ikakhulukazi emaceleni naseziwombeni. Ukuzingela izibankwa. Isebenzisa izidumbu nezidumbu ezintsha zezilwane ezifuywayo ezifile. Izimbuzi noma amawundlu amancane kungenzeka ukuthi ahlaselwe; umdlwenguli unezidumbu ezanele ezilele phansi. Kwezinye izimo, ukhozi lwasePyrenean lubamba izinhlanzi nezinambuzane ezinkulu.
Isimo sokulondolozwa kokhozi lwePyrenees
Ukhozi lwase-Iberia lubhalwe ku-Appendix CITES I no-II. Izindawo ezingama-24 ezibalulekile zezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane zidalulwe:
Isamba seziza ezingama-107 ezivikelwe yimithetho (yezwe nezindawo ezivikelwe yi-EU), ezihlala abantu abangamaphesenti angama-70 abantu bezinyoni ezingavamile. I-European Action Plan for the Protection ye-Iberian Eagle yashicilelwa ngonyaka we-1996 yabuyekezwa ngonyaka we-2008. Cishe kusetshenziswe ama-euro acishe abe yizigidi ezingama-2,6 ukuvikela ukufa kwezinyoni ekushayaneni kwezintambo zikagesi.
Ukulawulwa kwe-Nesting kanye nezimo zokuthuthuka ezithuthukisiwe kube nemiphumela emihle. Izinyoni ezisencane ezingama-73 zakhululwa eCadiz njengengxenye yohlelo lokubuyiselwa kwabantu emphakathini, kwathi ngonyaka ka-2012, izifundazwe ezinhlanu zokuzalela zihlala esifundazweni. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwezinyathelo ezithathiwe, izinkozi zasePyrenees ziyaqhubeka nokufa ngenxa yokushaqeka kukagesi.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.