• Prionailurus bengalensis euptilura
• Felis bengalensis euptilura
• Felis euptilura U-Elliot, 1871

I-Amur Forest Cat (lat. Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus), ikati elisempumalanga yehlathi - Ukubhaliswa kwenyakatho kwekati laseBengal.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Isithombe: I-Amur Forest Cat

I-Amur Forest Cat isilwane esingesilwane esifuywayo esine-chordate. Ungummeleli we-oda lokuphanga, umndeni wekati, i-subfamily yamakati amancane, uhlobo lwamakati ase-Asia, izinhlobo zamakati ase-Bengal, kanye nezinqolobane zamakati asehlathi e-Amur.

I-Far East ibhekwa njengezwe elingumlando lekati lasehlathini laseBengal. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi abakwazi ukunikeza incazelo enemininingwane efanele yemvelaphi nokuvela kwalesi silwane. Yachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka we-1871. Kusukela kulo mzuzu ukushushiswa kwaqala. Abazingeli bazingela ikati ukuze bathole uboya obubalulekile bokwenza amabhala nezigqoko.

Indawo yokuhlala nendawo yokuhlala

Sisatshalaliswa eMpumalanga Ekude, esigodini soMfula i-Amur nasogwini loLwandle lwaseJapan. Eduze kweLake Khanka, ikati latholakala kuyo yonke indawo lapho likhona. Ihlala eBolshekhekhtsirsky, Khankaysky, Ussuriysky, Kedrovaya Pad, eLazovsky reservation.

Umsoco

Idla amagundane, ama-voles, ama-squirrels, izinyoni, ngezikhathi ezithile kuhlasela ama hares nezinyamazane ezincane ze-roe. Ifinyelela ekukhuleni ineminyaka engu-1. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka ngoMashi. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-65-70, ikati liletha amathole amane, lapho owesilisa nawo ehlanganyela khona. Isifiso sempilo yiminyaka engu-17-18.

Incazelo ye-Amur Forest Cat

Umzimba uphakeme, unemisipha futhi uqinile. Ikhanda lincane, lide, li-vibrissa ende. Ekhaleni kukhona umucu obanzi ongenalutho. Ama-fangs angenhla awugqinsi futhi mude. Amaphawishi wobude obuphakathi, aqeda ngezihlakala ezincane. Izindlebe ziyindilinga, azikho izingulule kumathiphu wazo. Umsila omncane umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu bumbala.

Ijazi limfushane, likhulu futhi ligqamile. Uboya obusika bukhanya futhi bukhulu ukwedlula ihlobo. Izinwele ezisele zifinyelela amasentimitha angu-4,9 ubude. Umbala woboya ubususela ku-grey-yellow to brown-brown or brown brown. Umzimba ophansi nezinhlangothi zilula ukwedlula ingemuva. Emzimbeni kunezindawo ezi-oval zombala obomvu omnyama onemiphetho emnyama noma efiphele.

Imivimbo emithathu emnyama-emnyama, yakhiwa kusuka ezindaweni ezincanyana ezinde, idlula ngemuva. Kwesinye isikhathi lemivimbo ingahlangana ibe umucu owodwa obanzi. Emphinjeni yimivimbo emide ebomvu ebomvu njengo-4 noma 5. Emilenzeni yangaphambili kukhona imichilo eshintshashintshayo. Kukhona amabala esiswini futhi, kodwa akhanya. Umsila, njengokomthetho, ungumbala omnyama obomvu noma obomvu; isicoco saso simpunga esimnyama noma simnyama.

Ohlangothini ngalunye lwekhanda, imichilo emi-2 emhlophe idlula ebunzini isuka emehlweni, futhi phakathi kwayo kukhona umucu obomvu onsundu ogeleza usuka ekhaleni uye entanyeni. Ikhala libomvu grey, umphimbo nesifuba kumhlophe okumhlophe, i-chin imhlophe. Izindlebe zangaphandle zimhlophe ngombala omnyama, kanti amathiphu abomvu ngokubomvu. Izilwane ezincane zinamabala amaningi kunabantu abadala.

Eduze kweLake Khanka, ikati latholakala kuyo yonke indawo lapho likhona.

Indawo yokuhlala yekati yase-Amur

Amakati asehlathini e-Amur ahlala emithambekeni yezintaba eziphansi, emifuleni nasezigodini ichibi, amakha awezithulu, emameleni ngotshani obude, emaphethelweni amahlathi nasemibhedeni yomhlanga. Ezintabeni kuphakama okungekho ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-500-600.

Lezi zilwane ezihlaselayo zivame ukutholakala eduze kwezindlu zabantu. Amakati asehlathini e-Amur agwema izindawo lapho kwenziwa khona imisebenzi yezomnotho enkulu.

Indlela Esekude Ye-Cats yase-Eastern

Lezi zilwane zingahlala zodwa noma ngababili, kepha ngesikhathi sokuzala abantu abaningana bahlangana. Ikati ngalinye linezakhiwo zaso ezizodwa ezisikwele ezingama-5-9 km. Lezi zidla zodwa ziphila impilo yobusuku nobusuku. Amakati asehlathi e-Amur anamahloni futhi ayamangalisa, kunzima ukuthola kuwo. Bahlasela inyamazane kusuka ekuqamekeleni abazihlela phansi noma ezihlahleni.

I-Far Eastern Forest Cat ifinyelela isisulu ngokugxuma okukodwa.

Ebusika, amakati e-Amur athutheka esuka ezintabeni aya ezigodini naseziqongweni zamagquma, lapho iqhwa lishaywa khona umoya. Ngesikhathi samaqhwa anamandla, bangasondela ezindlini zabantu lapho kubanjwa khona izinduku ezakhiweni ezindala.

Uma ikati laseMpumalanga Ekude lisengozini, lilondolozwa esihlahleni. Benza indawo yokukhosela emigodini, emifantwini yamadwala noma phakathi kwezihlahlana eziminyene, futhi basebenzise imisele ebekiwe yamabheji nezimpungushe. Ngaphansi kwe-lair kufakwe uthuli lokhuni, amahlamvu kanye notshani.

Amakati asehlathi e-Amur angakhuphuka ngokuphelele izihlahla, amadwala futhi abhukude ngokuphelele. Kukhona izindawo zokukhosela ezimbalwa zesikhashana endaweni yomhlaseli. Ebusika, kusetshenziswa ikhaya eliphephe ngokuphelele.

Amakati asehlathi aseMpumalanga Ekude adla ngamagundane afana negundane, ama-chipmunks, ama-squirrels, ama hares aseManchuri, izinyoni namaqanda awo. Kwesinye isikhathi bangahlasela izisulu ezinkulu, ezinjengezinyamazane ezincane nezinambuzane.

Isikhathi sokuphila kwamakati e-Amur ehlathini ngokwemvelo yiminyaka engama-8-10, futhi ekudingisweni angaphila iminyaka eyi-15.

Ukudla kwekati lase-Amur kungafaka amaxoxo nezinambuzane.

Ukuzalwa kwamakati amakati weTsushima

Isikhathi sokuzalela amakati e-Amur ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho zohlu luba ngoFebhuwari-Mashi, futhi amakati azalwa ngoMeyi. Ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yebanga, amakati amahlathi aseMpumalanga Ekude angazalela unyaka wonke. Ngenkathi yokuzalela kwabo bakhale kakhulu futhi bayakhala. Kwenziwa umbhangqwana ngesikhathi sekati. Owesilisa ubamba iqhaza ekukhuliseni izingane.

Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-65-72. Kukhona ama-kittens angama-1-2 kulitha, ubukhulu bungaba yizingane ezi-4. Azisizi futhi ziyizimpumputhe, zinesisindo esingaphezu kwama-80 amagremu. Amehlo amaKitens avuleka ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10. Insikazi iyawanakekela amachwane, futhi uma isengozini, iwadlulisela endaweni entsha yokuhlala. Eminyakeni engu-50 yezinsuku, amakati amancane aphuma emgodini ayohlola insimu eseduze. Ezinyangeni ezi-4, izinsikazi sezivele zinesisindo esingu-2.4 kilos, kanti amaduna angama-250 kilos. Ngezinyanga eziyi-6, amakati azimela futhi ashiye omama bawo, afune indawo yabo yokuzingela. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo, ukuthathwa kwamakati emithini ye-Amur kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezingama-8-10, kepha ngokusho kweminye imithombo, akuvuthwa kungakapheli izinyanga eziyi-18.

Ikati elilodwa lasehlathini lase-Amur lilela amathole amane, lapho owesilisa nawo ehlanganyela khona.

Ukufika Kwabantu Abasehlathini EseMpumalanga Ekude

Amakati amahlathi e-Amur asencwadini ebomvu yaseRussia. Vikelwe yi-CITES Convention (Isithasiselo II). Muva nje, inani labantu laqala ukukhula.

Usongo olukhulu kulezi zinhlobo ukulahleka kwezindawo zokuhlala: ukulima komhlaba, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, imililo. Futhi, inani lamakati e-Amur lithinteka ekuzingeleni, izimo zezulu kanye nokuhlanganiswa kabusha ngamakati asekhaya.

I-Amur Forest Cat - okuyi-subspecies engavamile, ibhalwe ku-Red Book of Primorsky Territory.

Ubuningi obukhulu bezinkathi zase-Far Eastern steppe buqashelwa ezifundeni zaseKhasansky naseKhankaysky zePrimorsky Territory, ngabantu abangama-3-4 kumakhilomitha ayi-10 skwele. Inani elilinganiselwe lamakati asehlathini e-Amur endaweni ye-Primorsky Territory ngabantu abayizinkulungwane ezi-2-2,5.

Inani lekati lekati Tsushima esiqhingini liphansi kakhulu, alidluli abantu abangama-80-110. Ama-zoo aseJapan aqukethe amakati angama-32. EJapan, lezi zidlova zivikelwe umbuso.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Umlando wezinhlobo

Kungenzeka ukuthi, lolu hlobo, oluyisihlobo esikude sekati laseBengal, luhlala isikhathi eside e-Far East. Kepha izinkomba zokuqala nezincazelo zesilwane zavela ngo-1871 kuphela. Lawa marekhodi ahambisana nokuthunyelwa kwezikhumba ze-Amur Forest Cat ezifundazweni zaseChina.

Namuhla, ikati le-Amur libhekwa njengekati lase-East kanye nekati lase-Bengal (elichazwa njenge-subspecies). Igama lesi Latin - Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus.

Lapho kuhlala khona

Indawo ehlala ikati Ekude Mpela ibanzi. E-Russia, itholakala ogwini loLwandle lwaseJapan, ezindaweni eziphansi zoMfula i-Amur kanye ne-taiga eseduze.

Kepha uyaziwa eChina, Japan, Korea, naseMalay Islands. Abantu bakhona batholakala kaningi eduzane naseLake Khanka - emngceleni wesifunda osogwini kanye nesifundazwe saseChina saseHeilongjiang. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufuduka kwekati lasehlathini le-Amur kuya ezifundeni zase-Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, Burma naseNepal kwaphawulwa.

Kuyamangaza ukuthi abamele lezi zinhlobo bavumelana kalula nokuphila esimeni sezulu esishisayo naku-Ussuri taiga.

UMnu Cat uyancoma: izici zokubukeka

Ikati le-Amur liyisilwane esidla inyama esidonsela amanzi ngomsele omncane, sikhudlwana kancane kunekati elijwayelekile lasekhaya. Isisindo esijwayelekile somuntu singamakhilogremu ayi-7, yize abameleli abakhulu bohlobo befika ku-15.

Isisindo sekati siyahlukahluka kakhulu futhi kuya ngesikhathi sonyaka, ikakhulukazi esimweni sezulu esibandayo. Ekupheleni kobusika, umuntu uvame ukuba mncane ngokweqile, ekuqaleni kwekwindla, ngemuva kokuphela kwenkathi yokuzingela, enokubekelwa okukhulu kwamafutha angaphansi.

Ubude bomzimba obukhulu bungama-90 cm, umsila umfushane impela - cishe amasentimitha angama-40, ukuphakama lapho kubuna cishe ngo-40 cm.

Kepha ubukhulu be-Amur Forest Cat buyahlukahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala kanye nezimo zezulu zezimo zasendaweni.

Umhlaseli unekhanda elincane eliphakeme elinamehlo ajule nesimo se-alimondi esiseduze. Izindlebe zobukhulu obuphakathi, zibanzi futhi zibekiwe, zinothambekisela phambili phambili. Amathiphu abo ayindilinga futhi akukho bhulashi kuwo. Ngemuva ngemuva kwe-auricle kunamehlo "amanga", njengazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zasendle. Kungenxa yalezizimpawu ezimhlophe lapho kufikelwa khona ingane ebumnyameni ngemuva kukamama.

Ikhala likhulu futhi libanzi nge-lobe ekhombisa ukusuka ku-pink iye ku-brown-brown. Izihlathi zakhiwe kahle, zifihla imihlathi enamandla enamazinyo amade futhi anamandla.

Ekuhlolweni kuqala kwale vidiyo - Manul! Kepha kule video, iqiniso limayelana nekati Ekude.

Ngale ndlela, nansi indoda enhle esithombeni:

Amakati wekati Elisekude Elisebangeni eliphakathi, eliqinile futhi elinemisipha, amabhulukwe ngomphetho phakathi kweminwe nemifushane, kodwa uzipho oluqinile futhi lubukhali oludonswa kalula.

Isikhumba sekati lase-Far Eastern sinoboya obude kakhulu - cishe amasentimitha ayi-5. Umbala waso ungasusela ophuzi onsundu uye onsundu. Kuyashintsha futhi kuya ngenkathi yonyaka - kukhanya ebusika (bese kuthi ngaphansi kwecoco), ehlobo kube mnyama. Ukuhlanza kuvame ukwenzeka kabili ngonyaka - ku-offseason.

Umbala wekati lase-Far Eastern wenzelwa ukuthi zifihlwe kahle ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo futhi zivikela kakhulu isilo esise-Ussuri taiga.

Ithoni eyinhloko yejazi ilula kakhulu kunemithende emnyama ekhanda, emuva, emilenzeni kanye nomsila, ohlale unompipi omnyama.

I-chin nesisu kuvame ukuba mhlophe. Kukhona amabala akhanyayo esiswini, ahlala abonakala ngombala we-tabby. Entanyeni nasesifubeni kuvame ukuba “nomgexo” wamaningana, kuze kube kahlanu, amasongo abomvu. Ezinhlangothini nasemuva phakathi kwemivimbo kukhona nezindawo. Isibalo sabo sincike eminyakeni yobudala - mncane umhlaseli, lapho beba mbalwa.

Izikhala ngenxa ye undercoat ende eyanele ayinayo imingcele ecacile. Kungakho eChina babizwa ngokuthi "imali", futhi ngesimo bafana nezinhlamvu zemali zakuleli.

Iphethini yezinwele zabantu abasha iyakhanya, ingwe, njengoba iminyaka iba namandla futhi ingabonakali.

Imikhuba nemikhuba

Yize i-Amur Forest Cat inezitha eziningi, imvamisa ihlala endaweni yemvelo isikhathi eside kakhulu, ifika eminyakeni eyi-18. Lesi silo siqaphele kakhulu futhi sihola indlela yokuphila yokuzilibazisa. Ikakhulu ebusika be-taiga, isigqi salomdlwenguli kubukeka sengathi siyabanda. Konke kuhloswe ngakho ukusinda kuze kube intwasahlobo ekhanyayo yaseMpumalanga Ekude - imetabolism inciphisa, umfutho wegazi uyancipha.

Njengezinhlobo eziningi zamakati, amakati asehlathini e-Amur angamalulwane. Indawo yokuhlala yomuntu ngamunye imamitha ayi-10 skwele. km Izilwane ziqapha ngokucophelela insimu yazo futhi zivikele ekubulaweni kwabafowabo, zingayikhiyi noma kungaba khona imbangi enkulu - ihlosi. Kusebusuku, bahlela ukuzulazula ezindaweni eziningi ezivunguza imbozwe yiqhwa, ngemisele yemisele, emadwaleni amadwala.

Ekuzingeleni ukuhlaselwa okuvulekile, bakhetha amaqhinga okulindela nokulandela umkhondo. Imvamisa konke ukuphonsa kwe-Amur Forest Cat kunembile futhi kuyabulala.

Isikhathi sokuzalela siqala entwasahlobo, ngalesi sikhathi imibhangqwana yakhelwa ehlala ndawonye isikhathi eside - kuze kube yilapho amathole ezimele.

Ukuphela kwemisindo ezwakala kulaba bantu abahlukumezanayo ukukhala kwecilongo, kubo kubiza insikazi. Kwezinye izimo, izilwane azithuli, noma ngabe zinengozi enkulu kuphela. Amakati aseMpumalanga Ekude anezitha eziningi - ngaphandle kwamahlosi, lezi yizimpisi, izimpisi, izikhova, izikhova, okokhozi begolide, amashubhu, ama-wolverines, ama-martens, ama-ferrets.

Izilwane ezidla inyama zivame ukungalungeli ukuhlala kwabantu, kepha ngesikhathi sokubeletha noma ebusika obubandayo lokhu kungenzeka.

Naphezu kosayizi wayo omncane, ikati elisekude leMpumalanga lingumzingeli oyingozi kusihlwa, kepha akaze abe ngowokuqala ukuhlasela umuntu uma engavikeli amawundlu nesidleke. Isisulu silinda inyamazane yaso ngemuva kokushona kwelanga noma ekuntweleni kokusa.

Idla kakhulu ngamagundane, izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Izilokotho ezinkulu zizingela ngamasheya aphakathi nendawo nangozwane Abazigwemi izinyoka, amabheji, amabala, abawumba ngenjabulo ekhethekile ebusika ukusuka ngaphansi kweqhwa.

Ehlobo, amakati e-Amur adla kakhulu - amagundane noma izinyoni ezingama-20 ngosuku, zivame ukufihla inyamazane engabonakali eduzane nalapho ehlala khona. Lokhu kungenxa yesidingo sokuqongelela ubusika ebusika - isikhathi sokuzingela okuqabukela futhi sokuzenzela.

Ukwenza i-knitting kuvame ukwenzeka ngoMashi-Ephreli. Ngemuva kwalokho lo mbhangqwana wakhela isidleke emgodini omkhulu wesihlahla noma ngaphansi kwezimpande zawo. Ukukhulelwa kowesifazane kuya ngokujwayelekile - esikhathini kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-65 kuye kwezingama-73. Ngokuvamile kunama kittens ambalwa kulitha, ukusuka kwelilodwa kuya kwele.

Okokuqala, izinsana ezineminyaka ecishe ibe izinyanga ezimbili zikhethwa esidlekeni. Sonke lesi sikhathi, ubaba nonina banakekela amakati futhi bawenzele ukudla. Ngemuva kwalokho kuqala ukufundisa izingane amakhono okuzingela nokuphila okuzimele. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, ingane ishiya umama, lo mbhangqwana nawo wahlukana kuze kube yilapho kuqala inkambiso elandelayo.

Abesifazane bavuthwa ngokocansi izinyanga eziyishumi nambili, abesilisa - ngeminyaka engu-1.5.

Abamele le nhlobo yekati bamelelwa ezindaweni eziningi zoo emhlabeni.

Izidakamizwa zivumelana kahle nanoma yiziphi izimo futhi zizale kahle, zinakekela inzalo ngesisa. Kepha baqaphele abantu futhi abazami ukwenza "abangane", ngokungafani, ngokwesibonelo, iCaracal enobungane futhi enobungane.

Ngisho nakulezo zimo lapho izakhamizi zomdabu zaseMpumalanga Ekude zithathe amathole atholakala eduze kukamama oshonile futhi zidliswa ikati elifuywayo, imizamo yokuthambisa amawundlu ayizange iholele kunoma yini. Lapho kuqala ukuthomba, izilwane zakhombisa ukungathandeki futhi kwakudingeka zikhululwe noma zithuthelwe endaweni yezindiza.

Ukugcina izilwane ezinjalo endlini akuphephile. Kepha kungenzeka ukuthi kube nokukhishwa okuncane kwabantu ngokwezifiso zokuqala.

Ekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka, kwenziwa umzamo wokuhlanganisa i-Amur Forest Cat. Owesilisa waziphatha ngolaka, kepha ukuqala kokuzala kwenzeka futhi inzalo yazalwa. Ama-Felinologists akaqinisekile ngesidingo sokuzalela uhlobo olusha ngesisekelo salokhu okuhlukahlukene, futhi ubumsulwa bokubonakala kwesilo esingafani nalunye bungaba nobunzima.

Kepha ososayensi beGatsha laseSiberia le-Russian Academy of Science, ngakolunye uhlangothi, babona ukusindiswa kwe-hybridization okusinda kwale nhlobo eyingqayizivele, enyamalala ebusweni beplanethi ngaphambi kwamehlo ethu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngenxa yokuvela kokulimala okunzima kwemvelo okwenzekayo, ochwepheshe baphakamisa ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-in vitro.

Ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobo

Iminyaka emide yokuqothulwa kwekati elisekude, e-Russia nase China, yaholela ekuqothulweni kwezilwane okuphelele ngokuphelele.

Manje i-Amur Forest Cat ibhalwe ku-International Red Book njengohlobo olusengozini yokuphela. Inani labantu lisanda kukhula kancane nje, yize kungekho datha eqondile yokuthi zingaki lezi zilwane emhlabeni. Ngokwezifiso - izinhloso ezingekho ngaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezintathu. Ngo-2004, imali eyisikhumbuzo enesithombe salo mbangi yakhishwa eRussia.

EJapan - ezitolo nasezindaweni zokugcina izilwane - kunezilwane eziyikhulu kuphela. Kukhona omele lolu hlobo in menageries China kanye neRussia.

Izindawo eziningi zitholakala ePrimorsky Territory of Russia - Leopard Land, Cedar Pad, Khankaisk, Ussuriisk, Lazovsky. E-Khabarovsk Territory - eBolshekhehiretsky.

Kungumsebenzi wabantu ngqo obamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekuqothulweni cishe ngokuphelele kwezinhlobo ezihlukile zefeline - ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokushiswa kwamahlathi, ukulima izindawo zezintombi, ngenhloso (ngesikhathi seSoviet) noma ukuqothulwa ngengozi. Iqiniso ngukuthi, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuncane, ikati Elisekude Ekude livame ukungena kwizicupho ezibekwe emahashini.

Inhlawulo, ngisho nokubulawa ngengozi kwekati lasehlathini le-Amur, kubalulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhamizi zezindawo ezisendaweni yokuhlala lezinhlobo zihlala njalo zaziswa ngezinzuzo zalesi silo ekulweni namagundane.

Habitat

Ikati le-Amur lisakazeke eMpumalanga Ekude. itholakala emgodini womfula i-Amur, kanye nasogwini loLwandle lwaseJapan. Lezi zilwane zingabahlali bezomthetho baseLazovsky, Bolshekhekhtsirsky, Khankaysky nase Ussuriysky reservation, kanye nesigcini saseKedrovaya Pad. Kuyaziwa ukuthi abanye “abahambi” bake baya ngisho eTrans-Baikal Territory. Ngokuya kokuqagela kokuqala okwenziwa ngongcweti balawa makati, kunabantu abangaba ngu-2 000 kuphela, noma mhlawumbe abangaphansi, akekho noyedwa ozihluphayo ukuze abale.

Ividiyo mayelana namakati asendle e-Amur:

Habitat

Impilo yonke, ukhetha izindawo ezithulekile lapho kungekho muntu ozomphazamisa. Indawo ejwayelekile yekati lase-Far Eastern ihlathi eliyi-sparse wide-leaved noma i-coniferous bush, ama-shrubby kanye nama-tharket otshani.

Ezindaweni ezivulekile, akahlali. Isilwane siziphatha ngokucophelela futhi sithanda ukuba nendawo ethile yokucasha. Ingatholwa emaphethelweni ezinkambu noma eseduze kwemigwaqo. Kukhona ikati emaphethelweni ezansi nakwamadwala, kodwa endaweni ephakeme ngemuva kwamamitha ayi-500 awukwazi ukuyibona.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani ikati lasehlathini laseAmur?

I-Amur Forest Cat isilwane esincane, isisindo saso sisukela ku-4-8 kg. Ubude bomzimba obungu-60-90 cm okuthi cishe ama-40 cm buwele emsileni. Amakati makhulu ngokwedlula amakati. Ukuthi ikati le-Amur libukeka kanjani kungabonakala esithombeni.

Ikhanda lamakati we-Amur liyindilinga, ibunzi liphezulu. Izindlebe zihlelwe kakhulu, zincane, ziyindilinga, ziqondiswa phambili futhi kancane ezinhlangothini. Amehlo makhulu, egqamile, abeka okuncane ngokungacacile futhi akhiwe eduze. Ekhaleni libanzi, iqondile ne-lobe enkulu e-brown ebonakalayo. Ama-pads amancane achazwe kahle we-vibrissae, ophethe i-chin eqinile.

Ngo-2004, ikati le-Amur laboniswa ngohlamvu lwemali lwesiliva ochungechungeni oluthi "Red Book of Russia" nge-ruble eyi-1.

Amakati e-Amur ayizilwane eziqinile, eziboshwe kahle emilenzeni ephakeme enemisipha ekhule kahle kanye nejazi eliminyene. Umbala uphuzi ngokuphuzi engxenyeni engezansi yomzimba bese ungwevu onsundu ngaphezulu. Amabala amnyama abomvu amnyama asakazeke emzimbeni, futhi imivimbo ecacile emnyama ihlobisa ikhanda nobuso.

Izici zangaphandle

Ikati le-Amur lihle, njengabo bonke abameleli balo mndeni. Umzimba uqinile ngemisipha ekhule kahle, ijamo elidlulile. Ikhanda lixubekile, lihlanganiswe ne-vibrissae ende. Ibhendi ebanzi, ne-pubescent band ihamba ngasekhaleni. Izinyawo zinobude obumaphakathi. Izindandatho azide, zigobekile phansi ngokuqinile. Izindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga azinamakhwela emaphethelweni. Umsila awugqinsi, umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu obuthuntu. Umlomo uqinile. Amachaphaza omhlathi ongenhla mude futhi anamandla impela.

Ikati le-Amur linejazi eliningi, elifushane nelinyene. Ebusika, kulula kakhulu futhi kube mnyama kunasesikhathini esifudumele. Ubude bezinwele ezisele bufika ku-5 cm. Umbala wekati uphuzi grey noma obomvu ngombala onsundu, akuvamile ukuba ngcolile-nsundu. Isisu nezinhlangothi zilula kunasemuva. Izindawo ezi-oval ezinombala obomvu omnyama nomngcele wokufiphala okumnyama ziyabonakala emzimbeni ongaphezulu.

Ngasemuva kwesilwane kukhona imicu eyodwa ebanzi emnyama noma emithathu emincane. Endaweni yomphimbo, imichilo ebomvu edlulayo ibonakala kahle, isibalo saso sisuka ku-4 siye ku-5. Imivimbo emnyama etholakala ngokunqamlezayo imakwe emilenzeni nasemsileni, kepha kunzima ukwahlukanisa kuwo. Amabala asesiswini akhanya kakhudlwana.

Ngaphezulu kwamehlo ibala elimhlophe eliphakeme elibukeka njengamashiya. Izindlebe zipendwe mhlophe ngaphandle, kanti i-rim emnyama, icishe ibe umbala omnyama eceleni kwemiphetho yazo. Ngokukhula kweminyaka, inani lamabala esilwaneni liyancipha, kanti ikati le-Amur lithola umbala ogqamile ngisho nangokwengeziwe.

Far Eastern Forest Cat endle

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amakati asendle e-Amur abhalwe ku-Red Book, lezi zilwane zisabalele kulo lonke elaseMpumalanga Ekude. Bayayazi i-purr enjalo eChina, naseJapan, ngisho naseMalawi Islands. Njengoba izinhlobo zithambekele ekufudukeni, iziqaqa zohlobo lwase-Far Eastern ziyabonakala nasezifundeni ezinjenge-Indonesia, Java, Sumatra, kanye neBurma neNepal.

Amakati asendle e-Amur anebanga lokusabalalisa elibanzi

Imikhuba yekati le-Amur

Amakati asehlathini aseMpumalanga Ekude abhekwa njengabanye abamele imfihlo nabanamahloni kakhulu emndenini wabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengezinye izihlobo zakhe zasendle, lesi silwane siphila impilo yobusuku. Futhi ngesikhathi sasemini uchitha isikhathi “esidlekeni” sakhe noma endaweni eseceleni ekhethwe njengembotshana.

Amakati Wamahlathi e-Amur - Abazingeli BaseNimble

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kungaba "nezindlu" ezimbalwa kukati lasehlathini laseMpumalanga Ekude, futhi akukho noyedwa oshiywa unganakwa ngenkathi ihlobo likhona egcekeni. Kumakhaza ebusika, lesi silwane sikhetha izindawo ezifudumele nezihlala kahle kunazo zonke, lapho sicasha khona eziqandeni eziqhekekile.

Amakati e-Amur ahola indlela yokuphila eyedwa, aqoqana ngamaqembu abantu abangama-5-6 kuphela isikhathi sokuhlangana. Ngemuva kwalokho isilwane ngasinye siyangena kuso, esiziqapha ngomona. Indawo yokuzingela, njengomthetho, ingamakhilomitha skwele ayishumi.

Kepha ikati lengwe liyathanda ukuzingela:

• amagundane egundane, amagundane, namanye amagundane amancane (kuya ngokuthi uhlala kuphi),
• ama-squirrels, ama-martens,
• ama-muskrats, ama-hedgehogs,
• izinyoni (kusuka kuma-jay kuya kuma-falcons),
• hares, ferrets.

Amakati akude aseMpumalanga anesimo sokuqina nesibindi, ngakho-ke awesabi ukuya empini ngisho nezinyamazane ezincanyana kanye nezinyamazane ezincane. Ngasikhathi sinye, laba bahlanzayo abanesibindi babengeke bakudle ukudla amaqanda ezinyoni nezinhlanzi ezitolo zaseduzane.

Amasu wokuzingela ikati le-Amur afaka ukuhlasela okuqamekele. Isilo kwesinye isikhathi sidinga ukuphonswa okukodwa okuhloswe kahle, ukuze umuntu ohlukumezekile asezandleni zakhe eziyishumi.

Izindaba zomndeni

Uma kufika isikhathi sokuqala umndeni (cishe maphakathi no-Mashi wonyaka ngamunye), amakati e-Amur ahola izimpilo zenjabulo kanye nabazimele abahlanganayo bezungeza intokazi abathandayo futhi baqale umzabalazo wenhliziyo “yenenekazi”.

Ama-kittens aseMpumalanga Ekude mahle kakhulu futhi anamazinyane amahle

Ngokwemiphumela yomncintiswano, ikati lihlala likhulelwe futhi lithwala amathole izinsuku ezingama-67-72. Ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, inzalo ekudala ilindelwe ivela emgodini wombhangqwana oshadile we-Far Eastern murky. AmaKittens azalwa eyimpumputhe, futhi kule doti akukho abantu abangaphezu kwabathathu noma abane.

Ezinsukwini eziyishumi kamuva, amehlo ezinsana ayavuleka, futhi amancanyana aqala ukuhlola ngenkuthalo insimu yothango. Ngenyanga nenyanga noma izinyanga ezimbili, ikati likamama selivele livumela ukunqwabelana kwamawundlu kusukela "esidlekeni". Ubaba womndeni naye ubamba iqhaza emfundweni yenzalo. Ikati liletha inyamazane futhi livikele izindlu kwabanye abaphangi.

Ngenyanga yesihlanu noma yesithupha, ukukhula okuncane kuzimela futhi sekuvele kwazi ukuzingela. Ngalesi sikhathi, abahlanzayo abanamandla bashiya ikhaya labazali futhi baqale ukuthuthukisa amasimu amasha. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukuthomba kumakati amancane e-Amur kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyi-12-16.

Amakati akude aseMpumalanga ahlala kuminyaka engu-9-16 ubudala, ehlukaniswa ukungatheleleki okunamandla kanye nekhono lokubalekela ebungozini.

Indlela yokuphila nemikhuba

Kuncane kakhulu okwaziwayo ngempilo nemikhuba yamakati e-Amur, ngokusobala ngoba ayehlala emthunzini, emthunzini wezihlahla namahlosi e-Amur.

Kunobufakazi bokuthi amakati ama-Amur ayizisulu, okusho ukuthi, akhetha umuntu azoshada naye impilo yakhe yonke. Lokhu akusilo neze uphawu lwamakati futhi kuyangabazeka. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ikati lisiza ikati ukukhulisa inzalo. Amakati e-Amur afike ebusheni kakhulu. Kakade eminyakeni engu-1 bakulungele ukunika izingane. Bahlangana, njengoba kufanele kube njalo emakati, ngoMashi. ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-60-70. Amakati e-Amur akuvamile ukuba abe namakhekhe angaphezu kwesine kulitha lwawo. Isifiso sempilo yiminyaka eyi-16-16.

Amakati azingela kaningi kusihlwa. Imenyu iqukethe ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincane, izinduku nezinyoni. Ngokuvamile, amakati e-Amur adla inyama kukho konke okuncane kunawo. Kwesinye isikhathi anginendaba nokudla izirinji, izinambuzane, futhi ezimeni ezingandile, izinhlanzi. Uma unenhlanhla, futhi ikati le-Amur likhubeka ngezinsalela zemikhosi yenyathi noma ingwe, khona-ke awuzukudinga ukuzingela. Ama-Cupid akhuphuka izihlahla kakhulu, ecasha eziqongweni zezitha zemvelo.

Kunzima ukusho ukuthi la makati anolaka kangakanani, lapho ehlangana nabantu, azama ukuthatha umhlalaphansi futhi awasondeli endaweni ye-anthropogenic. Yize indlala ingeyena umalume. Ngo-2010, amakati aseFar East aqala ukuhlasela njalo inkukhu endaweni yasePrimorsky Territory ngenxa yobusika obandayo. Lapho nje iqhwa liqala ukuncibilika, kwakungekho makati.

Amakati e-Amur awalithandi impela iqhwa eliqhwa. Ngesikhathi sokuwa kweqhwa, kungenzeka zingashiyi indawo yokuhlala isikhashana amasonto kuze kube yilapho kuqhuma amafomu. Zihlala emiseleni ezishiywe ezinye izilwane, ngenkathi efudumele iyazakhela izidleke emhlangeni nasezimpandeni zezihlahla. Imvamisa, ikati inezindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana ezimbalwa kuleyo ndawo, futhi ebusika kuphela yodwa, ekhululekile kunazo zonke futhi ephephile.

Ukufundwa kwekati le-Amur okwenziwa ngama-felinologists kusuka ku-WCS (ividiyo):

Izici Zokuphindaphindeka

Ngenkathi ye-estrus, kubhangqana kubangwa ikati nekati. Kwezinye izifunda, isikhathi sokuzala singaphela unyaka wonke. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, insikazi ithwala inzalo izinsuku ezingama-65-72. Kuyaqabukela, unamakhithi amane, imvamisa kakhulu elangeni lezingane ezingama-1-2 ezingenakusiza, ezingaboni. Umama osemncane uvikela inzalo yakhe, kepha owesilisa naye uhlanganyela ekukhulisweni. Lapho esenezinyanga eziyisithupha, ama kittens ashiya indawo yokuhlala futhi aqale ukuziphilela impilo yokuzimela.

Ukuthomba kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyi-8-18. Isikhathi sokuphila kwekati Elikude Esekudingisweni yiminyaka engama-20, endle - iminyaka engu-15-18.

Njengamanye amakati asendle, i-Amur Forest Cat kunzima kakhulu ukuyilambisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugcinwa kwemfihlo kufana nakho, okukuvimbela ekuhlanganiseni emphakathini wesintu. Kuhle ukusho ukuthi akekho noyedwa owake wazama ukubadambisa. Amakati e-Amur awathengiseki futhi awakwazi ukuthakazela abanikazi bekati.

Amakati e-Amur aqukethe i-zoos ethile.

Ekudingisweni, izilwane zizala kahle, kepha abantu bayaqhubeka nokuxwaya abantu. Uma umuntu esafuna ukuba nekati ye-Amur, kuyomelwe ayigcine ezindizeni ezivulekile. Ungondla amagundane amancane nezinyoni kanye ngosuku.

Izinyathelo zokuphepha

Idatha enembile ngenombolo yabantu abathile bamakati we-Amur ayikho. Ngenxa yemfihlo yabo, akunakwenzeka ukwenza ukubalwa okungenzeka. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ikati lasehlathini laseMpumalanga Ekude likleliswe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu YaseRussia Federation.

Izingozi ezinkulu zalolu hlobo lomndeni we-feline yilezi: izimo zezulu, ukulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala kanye nokuwela umgwaqo ngamakati asekhaya. Ukusindisa amakati asehlathini, kuthathwa izinyathelo zokuzivikela ngendlela yokuvinjelwa okuphelele kokudoba nokubanjwa ngengozi. Futhi phakathi kwabazingeli kanye nesibalo sabantu, umsebenzi wokuchaza kabanzi wenziwa ngokubaluleka nokubaluleka kokugcina lezinhlobo ziluhlu lwezilwane ezizungeza izwe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva isibalo sabantu babo saqala ukwanda.

Sikumema ukuba ufunde: Incazelo yokudla kwamakati Leon Leon

Amacala ahehayo

Kepha kukhona amacala afisa ukwazi. Ukuze utadishe impilo yalezi zilwane ezingandile, ososayensi bezilwane eMpumalanga Ekude bafaka ama-radio collars emakati. Kepha, ngokwemvelo, ikati yasendle yokuzikhethela kwayo ngeke ikwenze lokhu. Ngakho-ke, ehlathini babeka amaseli ekhethekile wesicupho ngeheji elimnandi.

Ngakho-ke, omunye wabahlaseli obengene emgodini, owafakwa kukhola yomsakazo futhi wadedelwa endle, wakuthanda kakhulu ukuphathwa kwakhe kangangokuba wazinza ngokoqobo eceleni kwesigaxa elindele ingxenye entsha yokudla. Futhi bamangala kanjani ososayensi lapho bethola kaningi ogibeni lekati elifanayo, esevele enekhola entanyeni yakhe!

Kepha leli cala lihlukile. Amakati asendle aseMpumalanga Ekude awadanjiswa, anamahloni kakhulu futhi, uma ebanjiwe, athambekele abaleke lapho kuvela ithuba lokuqala. Umuntu akahlaselwa kuphela - ukuvikela yena kuphela ngentshiseko. Endle, izinyamazane ezinjalo zihlala i-10-15, kwesinye isikhathi zize zifike eminyakeni eyi-18.

Ikati laseMpumalanga Ekude: incazelo, idatha yangaphandle

Ikati elingwe esimweni esijwayelekile lifinyelela kubude bomzimba ngamasentimitha angama-75-90, nomsila we-fluffy - cishe amasentimitha angama-37. Ikhanda lincane, futhi imilenze yinde. Ekhanda kukhona izindlebe ezincane, ezingenamashi, okukuvumela ukuthi ungadidanisi ikati nezinye izihlobo zalo eziyingozi. Amehlo ahlanganiswe futhi futhi awekho kude komunye nomunye. Isilwane esihlaselayo esihlala emahlathini sinemichilo ebukhali futhi emide, kanti imilebe imfushane kodwa iqinile kakhulu.

Inezinwele ezithambile nezithambile. Izinwele zenethiwekhi endaweni engemuva ifinyelela amamitha ayi-49, ngakho-ke ikati lishintshwa kahle nokuphila ezimeni ezibandayo ze-taiga. Umbala oyinhloko walezi eziyisithupha ngwephuzi mpunga noma mpunga onsundu enamabala ombala obomvu omnyama. Zonke izindawo azifiphele futhi azilingani ngombala. Umbala wezinhlangothi uvele ukhanye ubheke esiswini. Umbala ngemuva ungemnyama kakhulu kunasezinhlangothini. Imivimbo emithathu nsundu, eyakhiwa ezindaweni ezinwebekile, ibonakala kahle kuso. Kwezinye izimo, amabala aqala ukuhlangana ngebhande le-longitudinal.

Endaweni yomphimbo wesilwane kunemivimbo eminingana egwababa, emilenzeni yangaphambili kukhona imigqa eshintshashintshayo yombala ovuthiwe. Ikati inesisu esimhlophe nge-tinge ephuzi. Izindawo ziyafana nezinhlamvu zemali zaseChina, ngakho amaShayina abiza izinhlobo ezethulwe ngokuthi “ikati lemali”. Imivimbo emhlophe emibili imile kusuka emakhoneni angaphakathi ehlo eduze nebunzi nomqhele, phakathi kwabo babona omunye umugqa obomvu ogeleza usuka ekhaleni uye ebunzini uye phambili entanyeni. Umsila awukwazi ukuba yi-monochrome kuphela, kodwa futhi ube nombala onsundu omnyama, lapho izindandatho ezingaba yisikhombisa ezimpunga zibonakala khona. Esiqongweni, umsila upendiwe ngombala ogcwele grey noma omnyama.

Imikhuba nendlela yokuphila

Ikati lasehlathini liqikelela kakhulu, futhi linamahloni. Qaphela akulula. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wesaba abantu futhi uzama ukungabeki iso.

Emifantwini yamadwala, imbobo ezindala, izimbobo ezimbi zezimbila, uzenzela isidleke. Njengabanye abazingeli bomndeni we-feline, ikati lasehlathini ligcina indlela yokuphila yakusihlwa neyebusuku. Emini ulala egumbini lokuphumula, futhi ngokuqala kobumnyama uyazingela.

Izilwane ezincane ezinegazi elifudumele zimenzela ukudla. Okokuqala, lokhu, yiqiniso, ngamagundwane azo zonke izinhlobo. Kodwa-ke, izakhamizi ezinkulu zehlathi - njengamahashi, ama-squirrels, ama-muskrats - nazo zingaba kalula inyamazane yalomhlaseli.

Kunezimo lapho ikati le-Amur lihlasela ama-roe deer amancane futhi linqobile. Ngisho nabamele abomndeni we-marten, i-ferrets kanye ne-weasels, bangawela kuye izinyo. Kuyiqiniso, bona uqobo bangabaphikisi bangempela bekati lasehlathini, ngakho-ke imiphumela yempi enjalo ayaziwa kusengaphambili. Futhi-ke, izinyoni: bakha ingxenye ebalulekile ekudleni kwalomhlaseli.Ngenxa yokuqhwaga kwayo, igibela izihlahla kalula, ngakho-ke, akumthengi lutho ukubamba i-jay engenandaba noma ukonakalisa isidleke.

Amakati asehlathi e-Amur akathandi ukushayisana okuqondile. Bancamela ukuzingela abaqamekeli, ngoba amagatsha ezihlahla anjalo asetshenziswa kaningi. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokugcina imfihlo nosayizi omncane, uma kunesidingo, abathandabuzi ukwenza impi evulekile ngisho nesitha esikhudlwana kunaso.

Isibindi nokuthambekela zasendle kubenza abaphikisi abangathi sína. Ngakho-ke, eduze kwendlu yabantu "Imali Yekati" kuvame ukuhlasela amagundane e-pasyuk. Ngisho nezinja ezinolaka ezikhudlwana kaningana kulezi zinja azihlali zikwazi ukubhekana nalezi zigundane ezinolaka nezibulalayo, kepha ikati lasehlathini laseMpumalanga Ejwayelekile zivame ukuvela empini enjalo ngokunqoba. Futhi abaningi babazingeli basePomeranian bayavuma ukuthi bakhetha ukuhlangana nethikithi elikhudlwana ehlathini kunale ikati elihle le-fluffy.

Ukubukeka

Ikati yasendle i-Amur iyisilwane esikhulu kunalokho, yize iqondene namakati amancane. Isisindo saso singamakhilogremu ayi-15, futhi ubude bomzimba ngaphandle komsila ngamasentimitha angama-90. Umsila unezela ukuya kuma-40 cm.

Imilenze yekati yinde futhi iqinile, inemisipha ekhule kahle. Ikhanda lihlangene. Umsila mncane. Ijazi ligqokile futhi liwugqinsi. Ithambile kakhulu ekuthinteni. Ubude bezinwele zangaphandle bufika kumasentimitha ayi-5. Uboya bavikela isilwane kahle ekushiseni, ebandayo nasenomswakama, lapho ikati lingasibekezelela kalula izimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene.

Umbala wezinwele zesilwane uyinkimbinkimbi futhi uqhakazile, yingakho ikati Elisekude Eliphakeme libizwa nangokuthi yingwe:

• ingemuva eliyinhloko nsundu eliphuzi,
• amabala wesimo esiyindilinga ngombala obomvu omnyama,
• umbala okhanyayo wesisu.

Imivimbo eyenziwe izinwele ezinsundu iya ngemuva kwekati. Amabhendi awahlali ahlukaniswe ngokusobala futhi angahlangana abe munye oqhubekayo, lapho lonke emuva kwesilwane lizovela limnyama. Ukubonakala kwekati lasehlathini laseMpumalanga Ekuhle kuhle futhi akuphulukisi izici zalo zasendle.

Ithini ikati lasehlathini laseAmur?

Isithombe: I-Amur Forest Cat evela Encwadini Ebomvu

Izici zokudla zincike enkathini nasizini. Ngenkathi efudumele, ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ikati lizama ukuqoqa isamba esikhulu samafutha ukuze ikhuthazelele ukubanda nokuntuleka kokudla. Ngenkathi efudumele, ikati elilodwa elinjalo liyakwazi ukudla amagundane amabili noma amathathu nezinyoni eziningana, yize lilincane kakhulu. Ngenxa yokudla okuningi okunjalo ngenkathi efudumele, lesi silwane asikwazi ukudla lutho ebusika amasonto ambalwa.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngaphandle kokuthi onke amanye amakati angabadli ngokwemvelo nabazingeli abahle kakhulu, ikati lasehlathini le-Amur liyingqayizivele emthethweni ojwayelekile. Akavamile ukuphuma endaweni yakhe yokukhosela, alindele inyamazane ukuthi izulazulele kulolo lwela. Ngale ndlela, kwesinye isikhathi uyakwazi ukuphumelela ngokwanele ngamagundane.

Isizinda sokuphakelwa kwekati lase-Amur:

Kwezinye izimo, amakati angadonsa inyamazane enkulu - imbokodo encane noma inyamazane yensimbi. Akujwayelekile ukuthi lezi zidlamlilo zivame ukuzingela, kepha ngokwemvelo ziphathiswe ngomusa omangalisayo nekhono lokuzingela. Bakhetha indawo yokuqamekela balinde isisulu sabo. Ukuzingela kuvame ukuphumelela, njengoba bekhuphuka ngokuphelele ezihlahleni ezinde futhi bahlasele izisulu zabo zivela phezulu.

Esikhathini esiningi, umuntu ohlukunyeziwe akanaso ngisho nesikhathi sokuqonda ukuthi usindile. Umhlaseli onobuhlakani uyayibamba futhi ilume intamo yayo ngamachaphaza amade futhi abukhali. Imvamisa bahamba bazingela ebumnyameni, kuthi phakathi nosuku bacashe ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala. Uma amakati ehlala eduze kwabantu, angazingela izinkukhu nezinye izinkukhu.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Amur Forest Cat ebusika

Ngokwemvelo, amakati e-Amur ayizilwane ezingalunganga, ezinomusa futhi eziqaphile kakhulu. Bajwayele ukuziphilela bodwa. Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, lapho isikhathi sokuzala siqala, babuthana ngamaqembu.

Yonke indawo yokuhlala yamakati asehlathi e-Amur ihlukaniswe phakathi kwabantu ngezigcawu. Kumuntu ngamunye omdala, cishe amakhilomitha angama-8-10 amakhilomitha ayadingeka. Lezi zilwanyana ezinamathele kakhulu zinamathele esifundeni sendawo yazo yokuhlala. Bayishiya ngaphandle okuvamile uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo. Zivame nokuvikela insimu ekuyo kubavakashi abangamenyiwe. Imvamisa endabeni lapho esinye isilwane singena namakati, afika ahlangane naye.

Ngokwemvelo, izisulu ezinomdlandla zinikezwe umuzwa onamandla wokuqamba kanye nokushesha. Izilwane eziningi ziyakwazi lokhu, futhi zingabaze ukuhlasela ikati, noma ngabe ubukhulu baso bincane kaningana. Ngenqubo yokuhlasela noma yomzabalazo, bakhetha amaqhinga okulinda. Bahlola isimo ngokunemba. Isenzo ngasinye sekati silinganiselwe kakhulu.

Ama-prereders athambekele ekukhetheni ngobuciko futhi ahlomise indawo yokuhlala. Bakhetha izindawo lapho engifihlela khona wonke umuntu. Lokhu kungaba ngumgede wamatshe, izindawo ezineqhwa zehlathi, lapho kunzima khona ukuthola.

Ikati le-Amur empeleni alisho noma yimuphi umsindo. Cishe ukuphela kwento ezishicilelwa yizilwane wukubhonga kwecilongo abesilisa abakubiza ngabesifazane. Izilwane zishintshwa ngokuphelele ukuze ziphile ebusika obunzima. Banciphisa zonke izinqubo ze-metabolic kanye nokuhamba kwegazi.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Amur Forest Cat ngemvelo

Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwezilwane siba ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ngenyanga kaMashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukubhonga kwabesilisa kusatshalaliswa njalo ehlathini, okuthi ngale ndlela kukhuthaze izinsikazi ukuba zibhangisane futhi zishade. Lesi ukuphela kwesikhathi lapho abantu bajoyina ngababili ukukhiqiza inzalo nemfundo yabo.

Ngemuva kokukhwelana, kuqala isikhathi sokukhulelwa, okuthatha kumaviki ayishumi. Owesifazane ngamunye uyakwazi ukuzala cishe ama-3-4 ama-cubs. Amakati asehlathi e-Amur angabazali abahle kakhulu abanakekela izingane zabo kakhulu.

Ama-kittens amancane azalwa angakulungele ngokuphelele ukuhlala ngokuzimela. Zimpumputhe, cishe ezingenazinwele. Ikati ibondla ngobisi lwayo izinyanga ezifika kwezingu-2. Izinsuku eziyishumi ngemuva kokuzalwa, amehlo abo avuleka, futhi ngesifiso sokwazi umhlaba ezungeze izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2. Ngezinyanga eziyisithupha, sebekulungele ukwahlukana nabazali babo.

Ekuqaleni, amakati anomona ikakhulukazi ngenzalo yawo, ngoba ayazi ukuthi anezitha eziningi, futhi amakati awazivikeli kakhulu. Lapho kuzwakala ingozi, amakati asheshe ahudulele inzalo yawo kwenye indawo, eseceleni. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekukhuliseni izingane. Umsebenzi owesilisa ukuvikela nokunikeza amawundlu akhe nowesifazane ukudla.

Kunezimo lapho amakati ama-Amur alahla amawundlu awo. Lokhu kwenzeka kakhulu, futhi kubantu besifazane bokuqala. Amakhekhe ayevame ukulahlwa ayethathwa ngamakati asendlini futhi akhuliswe. Ngenxa yokufana namakati asekhaya ezilwaneni ezihlala eduze kwabantu, kunamacala okukhwelana ngamakati asekhaya.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Izazi zezilwane zezilwane zikwazile ukuthola ukuthi ngenxa yesiphambano esinjalo, bonke abesilisa bazalwa bengazali, futhi abesifazane bayakwazi ukuzala izingane.

Izitha zemvelo lekati lasehlathini le-Amur

Isithombe: I-Wild Amur Forest Cat

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amakati asehlathini e-Amur angabazingeli abahle kakhulu, aqaphela kakhulu futhi anesidina ngokushesha, anenqwaba yezitha zemvelo.

Izitha zemvelo zesilwane:

Ngayinye yalezi zitha ezingenhla ngeke ilahlekelwe yithuba, ngezikhathi ezithile, yokuzingela ikati lasehlathini le-Amur, noma iwundlu lakhe. Usongo olukhethekile ezilwaneni lufanekiselwa yizilwane ezidla ebusuku ezihamba zizingela kusihlwa, ngasikhathi sinye namakati e-Amur. Izidlakudla ziyingozi kakhulu hhayi kangako kubantu abadala, kubantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi, njengamakati amancane futhi angenakuzivikela. Kunzima kakhulu ukulandelela abantu abadala, ngoba empeleni abasishiyi indawo yokuhlala ethembekile.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesabi ukuya empini ngisho noma ngabe nezitha ezinkulu nezinolwazi oluningi. Ngokuvamile emzabalazweni ongalingani, amakati anqoba ngenxa yobuqili nokushesha ngobuqili. Abantu kaningi abasongeli ezilwaneni. Azizingeli noma zidutshulwe. Emazweni amaningi omhlaba, lezi zilwane ezidliwayo zitholwa futhi zifuywe njengezilwane ezifuywayo.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Kubukeka kanjani ikati ihlathi Amur

Ngenxa yokungakhathaleli nokunganaki kwabantu, amakati asehlathi e-Amur ayesesondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni. Kulokhu, zabhalwa eNcwadini ebomvu yaseRussia. Vikela futhi umhlangano weSites. Ngokwemiyalo yalaba abasanda kwedlula, izazi zezilwane zasekhaya zifake umzamo omkhulu ekwakheni izimo ezifanele zokuphila kwamakati e-Amur. Namuhla zitholakala ezindaweni ezihlukene zokulondolozwa kwemvelo nasemapaki ezwe. Kulokhu, eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwaba nokwanda kwenani lalaba bantu abanomusa.

Usongo olukhulu empilweni yalaba abamele umndeni wekati ngukuphanjaniswa kwendawo yokuhlala yemvelo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukulima komhlaba nokukhula kwezindawo ezinkulu ngumuntu. Indima ebalulekile ekwehliseni inani lemililo yehlathi elidlalile. Ngokwezinga elincane, isimo sabantu sathinteka ekufuyeni, ekuhlanganiseni amakati kanye nasekuzingeleni.

Abantu abaningi abazinzile nabaningi basasele ezifundeni zaseKhankaisk nase Khasan ze Primorsky Territory. Kulezi zifunda, inani elilinganisiwe labantu ngu-3-4 kumamitha ayi-10 skwele. Kuyo yonke i-Primorsky Territory, cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-2-3. EJapan, inani lalezinkukhu lincane kakhulu, cishe abantu abayisithupha kuya kwabayisikhombisa bahlala ezilwaneni zezilwane, lapho izazi zezilwane zifuna ukuzalanisa.

I-Amur Forest Cat Guard

Isithombe: I-Amur Forest Cat evela Encwadini Ebomvu

Amakati akude aseMpumalanga abhalwe ku-Red Book. Zigadiwe. EJapan, izilwane nazo zingaphansi kokuvikelwa kombuso. Encwadini Ebomvu Yomhlaba Wonke, le zinhlobo zezilwane zinikezwa isimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuphela. Muva nje, inani lalezi zinhlobo laqala ukukhula kancane kancane. Ngokusho kososayensi, inani elilinganayo lezilwane emhlabeni wonke alidluli abantu abayizinkulungwane ezine. Ngo-2004, iRussia yaze yakhipha uchungechunge lwemali eyisikhumbuzo ekhombisa ikati le-Amur njengophawu lokuthi le nyama kufanele igcinwe.

Izilwane zihlala ezitokisini eziningana naseziqiwini zikazwelonke zePrimorsky Territory:

• izwe lengwe
• pad yomsedari
• Hankai
• Ussuri
• Lazovsky.

E-Khabarovsk Territory zigcinwa ezimeni zeBolshekhekheretsky Reserve. Ezifundeni lapho isilwane sihlala khona ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, inhlawulo yokuhlawuliswa ngohlobo lwenhlawulo ngokubulawa kwayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubanjwa ingxoxo echazayo neningi labantu mayelana nezinzuzo zamakati ekulweni namagundane nezinye izinambuzane nabathwali bezifo ezithathelwanayo eziyingozi.

I-Amur Forest Cat - Lo ngummeleli omuhle kakhulu nomusa womndeni we-feline, obesongelwa ngokuqothulwa. Namuhla, kuphela umuntu kuncike ekutheni inani lezilwane lingalulama yini.

Izici zokuphila

Akunalo ulwazi olwanele mayelana nezici zempilo ikati yasendle i-Amur ehola ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo ngoba ifundwe kancane ngenxa yokutholwa kwayo. Futhi, ukunakwa okunjalo emakati futhi kuhlotshaniswa neqiniso lokuthi amandla amqoka ocwaningo lwezilwane zasendle esifundeni sendawo yokuhlala yazo ayehlala aqondiswa kumahlosi e-Amur, futhi abafowethu abancane ababanga nentshisekelo eyanele phakathi kwezazi zezilwane.

Isibalo esiqondile samakati e-Amur asikasungulwa. Imininingwane eyinhloko eqinisekisiwe ehlobene nekati le-Amur imi ngale ndlela elandelayo :

• iminyaka yokuphila eyi-17,
• ukuvuthwa eneminyaka engu-1,
• isikhathi sokukhulelwa sisuka ezinsukwini ezingama-60 kuye kwezingama-70,
• isibalo esikhulu sezikhathi zamatiti ngu-4,
• ikati lokukhulisa kanye nekati

Ngokwemibiko engaqinisekisiwe, kungashiwo ukuthi ikati le-Amur lihlukaniswa yi-monogamy. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngokuzalanisa amakati e-Amur kuhlala kukhethwe izimbotshana njalo. Abashintshi abalingani ekuqhubekeni kwezimpilo zabo. Ukuziphatha okunjalo akubonwa kwamanye amakati, futhi ngenxa yalokho akunakwenzeka ukusho ngokuqiniseka okugcwele ukuthi ikati ngalinye lama-Amur lihlukaniswa ngalesi sici.

Izilwane zizingela ikakhulu kusihlwa. Umuzwa owandayo wokuthinta nombono onekati lika-Amur umvumela ukuba athole kalula inyamazane, ngisho nasebumnyameni. Ukudla kwamakati kubandakanya ikakhulu inyamazane elandelayo :

Ukufingqa lokhu kudla, singasho ukuthi ikati le-Amur lidlala wonke umuntu ophansi kuye ngosayizi. Uma kunesidingo, angabamba izinambuzane, ezihuquzelayo nezinhlanzi, kepha ikati le-Amur likwenza kaningi, kodwa ezimweni lapho kungenzeki khona ukuthola umdlalo ojwayelekile.

Ikati le-Amur alizinqabeli izinsalela zezilwane ezidla ezinye ezinkulu. Esimweni esinjalo, angahlala eduzane nokudla izinsuku eziningana, futhi uma kwenzeka ebhekene nengozi angaphephela emqheleni wesihlahla, akhuphuke kalula aze afike phezulu kwekhanda lakhe. Ikati lase-Amur liyadlula ikati elifuywayo emandleni okugibela izihlahla.

Ngokuphathelene nabantu, lesi silwane sithathwa njengasinolaka, kepha lokhu bekungakaqinisekiswa ncamashi, ngoba lapho amakati esondela kubantu, amakati asendle avele asuke. Ikati le-Amur lingavela eduze kokuhlala kwabantu kuphela ezimweni eziphuthumayo lapho kungenakwenzeka ukuthola ukudla endaweni yalo. Eminyakeni yendlala, ikakhulukazi ngonyaka we-2010, lapho ubusika bebude futhi kuneqhwa ePrimorsky Territory, baqala ukuhambela izindlu, becekela phansi ngisho nezinyoni ezinkulu. Lapho nje ikhava yeqhwa inyamalala, amakati ayeka ukuhambela amadolobhana futhi asheshe athuthela endaweni yawo yemvelo. Amakati e-Amur ayathutha lapho kuhlotshaniswa nokushintsha kokuphakelwa kokudla.

Ngenxa yokungathandi kakhulu kweqhwa elixegayo, okwenza kungaphazamisi kakhulu ukuthi ikati lijikeleze, ngesikhathi sokushiswa ngamaqhwa esinamandla angakwazi ukuhlala emgodini wakhe isikhathi esithile. Lapho nje kwakhiwa umhlwa ominyene, izilwane ziphinde zizizwe zikhululekile.

Ehlobo, ikati le-Amur lizihlomisa ngokwalo ngezindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana ezimpandeni zezihlahla nasemhlanga, kwesinye isikhathi zisebenzisa imigqa yezinye izilwane. Ubusika, kumiswa umhume owodwa ofudumele kakhulu, lapho ikati liphephe ngokuphelele. Kuhlala kuvela ukuthi ayifinyeleleki kwabazingeli abakhulu futhi ibekwe ngendlela ukuze umoya ungangeni ngaphakathi.

Ukubanjwa

Ikati lasehlathini le-Amur alilahlekelwa yimvelo yalo, noma ngabe ikhuliswa ekudingisweni isencane. Ukuyithenga cishe akunakwenzeka. Isilwane siqaphela kakhulu ngokwemvelo. Akawudingi neze umphakathi wesintu, ngakho-ke cishe awuzami nakancane ukuthola ikati ukulenza lithambe. Njengesilwane esifuywayo, ikati le-Amur alinantshisekelo.

Ezindaweni eziningi ze-zoos, amakati e-Amur awagcinwa kuphela ngempumelelo, kepha ayabiwa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ama-kittens azalelwa ekudingisweni futhi akhuliswe ngokuba khona komuntu njalo, awalahli ubunjalo bawo basendle futhi aqaphela kakhulu abanakekeli ababanakekelayo. Ikati lasehlathini laseMpumalanga Ekude ngokuvamile alonakaliswa. Akunakwenzeka ukuxhumana nesilwane ngokusiphula.

Amakati amahlathi e-Amur njengoba ezifuywayo zinganconywa ochwepheshe, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi amateurs asazigcina lezi zilwane ekhaya.

Intengo yekati yehlathi lase-Amur iphezulu. Ungathola kitten ezithengiswayo, kodwa akulula. Uma ngesizathu esithile umuntu enquma ukuthola ikati lasehlathini le-Amur, umuntu kufanele abheke inani lezimfuneko eziphoqelekile zokuligcina likhona. Okuyinhloko :

• isidingo sokubiyela indawo enkulu,
• ukuvakasha kwezilwane okuncane ngabantu
• phila nge-rodent feed,
• ngezikhathi ezithile wondla izinyoni ezibandayo.

Uma ungalandeli imithetho edingekayo, impilo yekati le-Amur, ngokungangabazeki, izophela ngokungathandeki kubo bobabili isilwane nomnikazi. Akufanele ukhethe isilwane esinjalo uma ungafuni ukuba nesilo sasendle esiseduze, esingazizwa sithokozile ekudingisweni, kanye nokuxhumana nobungane nomuntu okungenzeki.

I-Forest Far Eastern cat noma i-LDK, noma I-Amur Forest Cat , noma Ikati le-Amur lekati (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus noma Felis bengalensis euptilura).

Kuyi-subspecies yekati lase-Bengal (ikati lase-Asia).

Ngokubambisana nomsila, ubude bungafinyelela ku-90 cm.
Isisindo sowesilisa sifinyelela kuma-15 kg.

Ikati lasehlathini laseMpumalanga Ekude lihola indlela yokuphila yesikhathi sobusuku nobusuku. Unamahloni futhi uqikelela kakhulu, kunzima ukuthola. Izingela ekuqamekeleni (ezweni nasezihlahleni), ibamba inyamazane ngegxuma elilodwa.
Ebusika, lisuka ezintabeni liye emfuleni nasezigodini zamachibi, iziqongo zamagquma ambozwe izihlahlana eziminyene (lapho iqhwa lishaywa khona umoya futhi lihlanganiswe kahle).
Kumakhaza amakhulu, ingasondela ekuhlaleni kwabantu futhi isebenzise izinduku ze-synanthropic ezakhiweni ezindala. Ngezikhathi zengozi, sindisa ezihlahleni.
Indawo yokukhosela ihlela izimbobo zezihlahla ezindala nemifantu yamatshe afihlwe esihlahleni esiminyene.

I-Forest Far Eastern cat (LDK) ingagcinwa ngokuqondile endlini njengesilwane esifuywayo, noma njengendiza ezindizayo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amakati asendle kunzima kakhulu ukujwayela abantu kunamakati asekhaya, ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukhetha ikati elizoligcina ekhaya kufika ezinyangeni ezi-3 , noma isilwane esesibambile.

I-LDK ithambekele kahle kwitreyi enesihlabathi noma enye ifilimu. Umgqoko kuphela okufanele ube mkhulu.

Imvamisa, ikati lijwayela amalungu athile omndeni, futhi lixwaye abanye abantu.

Umsoco:
Okuphakelayo kwe-LDK okuyinhloko ekudingisweni yinyama enamafutha aphansi efana nenyama yenkomo, kepha ngaphandle kokudla okubukhoma - amagundane, amagundane, izinkukhu ezinosuku lokuzalwa nezinsuku zezigwaca, kunzima ukugcina umsebenzi ojwayelekile womzimba nokuzalanisa izilwane, ikakhulukazi ngoba izici zokuziphatha zomphangi ziba buthuntu, okuholela “ekunyakazeni okuthe xaxa” ", Isizunguzane sesilwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi silwane asidli nje inyama entsha, kepha nokuqukethwe amathumbu, ubuchopho, okuyingxenye yesikhumba ngezinwele (izimpaphe) zokuphakelwa "bukhoma". Kukholelwa ukuthi ukuqeda amaprotheni metabolism, kanye ngesonto kutuswa ukunikeza inhlanzi. Kepha hhayi sonke isikhathi. Izinhlanzi eziningi ekudleni zingaholela ekutsheni i-calcium emzimbeni wesilwane futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ezifweni ezihlobene, ezinjengama-rickets.

Okondla nsuku zonke kwe-LDK, amagundane ama-2 anele, noma amagundane munye futhi acishe abe ngu-200g. inyama enciphile. Yondla kanye ngosuku.

Isikhathi sokuphila ekudingisweni siyiminyaka engama-20.

INyakatho Ekude, noma i-Amur Forest Cat, iyindawo enezindawo ezifanayo njengezingwe ezidumile zase-Amur nezingwe zaseFar East. Kepha lo makhelwane kanye "nomfowethu omncane" weziqhwaga ezine-mustachioed abafundelwa kangako futhi bathandwa. Yini iphutha? Ngokunokwenzeka, usayizi onesizotha (ngisho nabesilisa abakhulu kunabo abanesisindo esingaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayisikhombisa) nokubukeka okuqondayo. Yize, njengawo wonke amakati, amakati asendle aseMpumalanga Ekude awanqandeki ngokuphelele!

Umbala nokubukeka kwekati lehlathi lase-Amur

Kwesinye isikhathi amakati akude aseMpumalanga abizwa ngokuthi amakati enwebu ngombala wawo owonakele. AmaShayina ababiza imali, ngoba amabala esikhunjeni sekati abakhumbuza ngezinhlamvu zemali. Futhi abagcini bekati abaningi abajwayelekile bathi le cat yasendle ibukeka njengeVaska egcekeni elingumakhelwane. Kungukuthi akuwona wonke uVaska onejazi - amasentimitha amahlanu ubude, futhi ikati le-Amur alinakuphila ngaphandle kwejazi elinjalo loboya.

Imivimbo emide futhi emnyama ebunzini lekati lasehlathini le-Amur uphawu lwayo oluhlukile. Ukusuka kuphethini lale mivimbo, amakati asendle angabonakala ngendlela efanayo nabantu ngezimpawu zeminwe.

Isisulu esinamandla ngokubukeka kwento yokudlala emincane

Basho ukuthi abazingeli bendawo bakhetha ukungahlangani nekati le-Amur ehlathini - uma kungenzeka kube nengozi, uvikela ngolaka. Futhi kukhona okufanele uzivikele - bheka nje ukuthi libonisa mhlophe kangakanani amazinyo!

Kodwa-ke, ezikhathini zokuphumula, lesi sihlehlisi se-mustachioed sibukeka sihle. Amehlo ayindilinga, ikhala le-snub nezindlebe ezincane eziyindilinga - kwezinye izithombe ikati lasehlathini le-Amur libukeka ngempela njengethoyi elinempahla, futhi alifani nomhlaseli onokhahlo.

Kungcono ukuncoma lezi zilwane ezindaweni zoo, lapho zona, kodwa, ziziphatha kabi kakhulu. Kepha amakati aseFar East azalela kahle ekudingisweni futhi azibonakalisa engabazali abakhathalela kakhulu, amakati namakati. Kufika amakhefu angamabala amane azalwa kulo udoti, ozimela ngonyaka owodwa nesigamu.

Ngendlela, ikati lasehlathini le-Amur lehle emlandweni - lifanekiswa ngohlamvu lwemali lwesiliva lwe-Red Book uchungechunge olunama-ruble ayi-1, akhishwe ngo-2004. Ngicabanga ukuthi bekufanele. Siyethemba ukuthi ngenxa yokuvikelwa kombuso nokunaka kososayensi, sizofunda kabanzi ngakho futhi sibone nezithombe eziningi ezinhle zesimangaliso esishwabene saseFar East.

Yini ukudla okusemathinini okunambitheka kangcono amakati?

QAPHELA, UCWANINGO! Ngokubambisana nekati lakho ungabamba iqhaza kulo! Uma uhlala esifundeni saseMoscow noma saseMoscow futhi usukulungele ukubuka njalo ukuthi ikati lakho lidla kanjani nokuthi lingakanani, futhi futhi ungakhohlwa ukukubhala phansi konke lokhu, uzolethwa nama-KITS WAMAHHALA we-WET FEED.

Le projekthi ingezinyanga eziyi-3-4. Umhleli ngu-LLC Petkorm.

I-Far Eastern Forest Cat, elinye igama le-Amur Leopard Cat okuyi-subspecies yekati laseBengal.