I-Pangolin (Ekugcineni. Pholidota) - lokhu kuphela kwezilwane ezincelisayo emhlabeni, ezimbozwe ngokuphelele esikalini. Igama "pangolin" ngesiMalay lisho "ukugoqa ube yibhola." Le ndlela isetshenziswa yisilwane uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi. Esikhathini esedlule, babevame ukubizwa ngokuthi ama-scaly anteater. Kunemigqa eyishumi nesishiyagalombili yezikali futhi ibukeka njengama-tile ophahleni.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

Ama-Pangolins avela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-60 edlule ngesikhathi sePaleocene, izinhlobo ezingama-39 zezilwane zokuqala kakhulu ezavela eminyakeni engaba yizigidi ezingama-50 edlule. Izinhlobo ze-Eomanis ne-Eurotamandua ziyaziwa ngezinsalela ezitholakala endaweni yaseMessel, i-Eocene. Lezi zilwane zazingafani nama-dinosaurs akhona.

Iqiniso elinelukuluku! Okuqukethwe okutholakala esiswini esihle ngokuphepha sakwa-Eomanis eMessel kukhombisa ubukhona bezinambuzane nezitshalo. Ososayensi baphakamise ukuthi ekuqaleni ama-pangolin ayedla imifino futhi agwinye ngengozi izinambuzane eziningana.

Ama-dinosaurs we-prehistoric ayengenasikali sokuzivikela, futhi ikhanda lalihlukile kunekhanda lama-dinosaurs akhona. Babenjenge-armadillo. Omunye umndeni wezibankwakazi, owavela ekugcineni kwe-Eocene, wawuluhlobo lwabantu abazithandayo. Uhlobo lwe-genera oluqukethe, i-Cryptomanis nePatriomanis, selunezimpawu ezijwayelekile zama-pangolin anamuhla, kodwa nokho zigcine izici zezilwane ezincelisayo zakudala.

Ahlala kuphi amachaphaza?

AmaPangolin asatshalaliswa esuka eSenegal aya e-Uganda, e-Angola, eNtshonalanga Kenya, eningizimu eya eZambia nasenyakatho aya eMozambiki. Zitholakala kuma-republics aseSudan naseChad, asuka e-Ethiopia aya eNamibia naseNingizimu Afrika, eNdiya, eSri Lanka, eNepal, esuka eningizimu yeChina aya eTaiwan, eningizimu enqamula eThailand, iMyanmar, iLaos, iMalaysia, iJava, iSumatra, iKalimantan neziqhingi ezisogwini. Zikhetha zombili amahlathi anomswakama namathafa aluhlaza.

Ukubukwa, izithombe zama-pangolins

Ama-Pangolins (Pholidota) - ukutholakala kwezilwane ezincelisayo ezifaka okuwukuphela komndeni ama-Lizards (Manidae) nohlobo lwanamuhla lweMus.

Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zama-pangolin, izinhlobo ezi-4 zihlala e-Afrika, kanti ezi-3 e-Asia.

Ubude bomzimba bama-pangolins buhlukahluka kusuka kuma-30 ukuya ku-30 ​​cm (i-pangolin encane kunazo zonke yilena enamabala amhlophe) kuya ku-75-85 cm (uhlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke yi-giolin enkulu). Ubude bomsila, kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, bungasukela ku-55-65 cm kuya kuma-65-80 cm.Izilwane zinesisindo kusuka ku-1,2-2 kg kuya ku-25-33 kg. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi, abesilisa banzima kakhulu ku-10-50% kunezinsikazi.

Ikhanda lezilwane lincane, libumbeke ngesimo, amehlo mancane, ama-auricles awabonakali. Umzimba ophakeme kancane kancane ungena emsileni. Imilenze yesilwane imfushane, inamandla, ineminwe eyisihlakala eyisihlanu, izindlawu ezi-3 eziphakathi emilenzeni yangaphambili ifinyelela ku-5.5-7,5 cm ubude. Izikali ezesabekayo ezimboze ikhanda, umzimba, izinhlangothi ezingaphandle zemilenze nomsila ziyehluka ngombala kusuka kokukhanya kokhilimu onsundu. Izikali ezikhula kusuka kungqimba ejulile yokuzilawula ngezikhathi ezithile ziyaphela bese zikhula emuva. Zivikela umzimba wonke we-pangolin, ngaphandle kwesisu nangaphakathi kwelebhu.

Ulimi lwama-dinosaurs lude kakhulu. Ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu kunazo zonke (i-giolin enkulu), ingakhula ibe ngu-40 cm, futhi ubude bayo bube amasentimitha angama-70. Ulimi olukhulu kangaka lubekwa egobolondweni elinamathiselwe emaphethelweni komunye umkhawulo. Ekujuleni kwesifuba kukhona indlala enkulu yamathe evikela amathe abambekayo.

Isigaxa esilula asinamazinyo noma umsipha wokuhlafuna, bese izintuthwane zibanjwa esiswini esikhethekile esinyantisayo.

Incazelo Nezici

Igama le-pangolin ukukhuluma - ngokuhumusha kusuka olimini lwesiMalay kusho "ukwakha ibhola." AmaShayina anaka izici zezilwane ezihuquzelayo nezinhlanzi ezisesimweni sesilwane, ngakho-ke azithatha njenge-dragon-carp.

AmaRoma asendulo abona ezinhlungwini zezingwenya zomhlaba. Izici eziningi, ikakhulukazi indlela yokondla, ziletha izilwane kanye nama-armadillos nama-anteater.

Isikali esinjengomapuleti we-rhombic sinzima kakhulu, sifana nezikhali. Isikali sikaHorny sakhiwa i-keratin. Lento iyisisekelo sezipikili zabantu, izinwele, iyingxenye yezimpondo zobhejane. Imiphetho yamapuleti ibukhali kangangokuba asika njengamabala.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zivuselelwa. Igobolondo elinzima nelibukhali livikela izilwane. Engcupheni, i-pangolin isonteka ibe yibhola eliqinile, isilwane sifihla ikhanda laso ngaphansi komsila. Izindawo ezingenazikali - isisu, impumulo, izinhlangothi zangaphakathi zama-paws, nazo zihlala ngaphakathi kwebhola. Zimbozwe ngezinwele ezimfushane ngezinwele ezihlangene.

Lapho isilwane sisongeka, siba njengesigaxa sefonti noma i-artichoke yobukhulu obukhulu. Isikali sePangolin iyakwazi ukuhambisa, ithambekele komunye nomunye njengamathayili, ayiphazamisi ukuhamba kwe-pangolin.

Umzimba wesilwane ezincelisayo ubude obungama-30 kuye ku-90 cm. Umsila cishe ulingana nobude bomzimba futhi wenza imisebenzi yokuqonda - ama-pangolins angancika kuwo avela kumagatsha esihlahla. Isisindo sezilwane silingana ngosayizi - ukusuka ku-4,5 kuye ku-30 ​​kg. Isisindo sesikali silingana nokwesihlanu kwesisindo sesilwane. Abesifazane bancane kakhulu kunabesilisa.

Izandla ezinamandla zimfishane, zinhlanu. Imilenze yangaphambili inamandla kakhulu kunemilenze yangemuva. Umunwe ngamunye uthweswe umqhele ukukhula okuthe xaxa kokumba izindatshana. Ubude bezipele eziphakathi bufika ku-7.5 cm, ngenxa yazo, eziphazamisa ukunyakaza, lapho uhamba i-pangolin ugoba amadolo angaphambili.

Isigaxa esincane sesilwane sesimo eside, umlomo ovuleka ngamazinyo alahlekile utholakala esihlangwini. Ukudla okugayiwe kugwazwe amatshe amatshe, isihlabathi. Esiswini, bagaya okuqukethwe, babhekane nalo msebenzi. Ukusuka ngaphakathi, izindonga zivikelwe yi-keratinized epithelium, ifakwe isibaya esinamazinyo wophondo.

Amehlo mancane, avalwe ngokuthembekile ezinambuzaneni ngamajwabu aminyene. Izindlebe zilahlekile noma zi-rudimentary. Ulimi olugqinsi lwesidwaba lude ngokungalingani lufika ku-40 cm, lumbozwe ngamathe anamathekayo. Isilwane singalukhulisa ulimi, sisenze sibe mncane size sifinyelele ku-0,5 cm.

Imisipha yemoto yokulawula ulimi ilandela esifubeni sesifuba kuya esikhunjeni sesilwane.

Umbala wesikali uvame ukuba nsundu, osiza izilwane ezincelisayo ukuthi zingatholakali endaweni ezungezile. Ama-Pangolins anezitha ezimbalwa ngenxa yezihlangu ezinokwethenjelwa, amandla, njengama-skunks, ukukhipha uketshezi ngephunga elingathandeki. Ama-Hyenas, izisulu ezinkulu zomndeni wekati, angabhekana naleso bhuqa.

Isitha esikhulu se-pangolin exotic ngumuntu. Ukuzingela izilwane kungenxa yenyama, izikali, izikhumba. Kwamanye amazwe ase-Afrika, iChina, iVietnam, izindawo zokudlela zithengela ama-pangolin izitsha zakwamanye amazwe.

Kwamasiko abantu base-Asia, izikali ze-pangolin zingokwelapha, okufaka isandla ekuqothulweni kwezilwane. Isimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini yokuthola izinhlobo eziningi zama-pangolin. Ukukhula kancane kwezilwane ezincelisayo, ubunzima bokudingiswa ngenxa yezimpawu zokudla okunomsoco kuholela ekunyamalaleni kancane kancane kwezakhamuzi ezingandile zeplanethi.

Izinhlobo zePangolin

Izinhlobo eziyi-8 zabamele ezingandile ze-lungolin desachment zisindile. Umehluko ezilwaneni zase-Afrika nase-Asiya ubonakala ngobuningi nokwakheka kwama-flakes, ubukhulu bokunamathela ngegobolondo elivikelayo, kanye nezici zombala. Izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa zithathwa njengezifundwe kakhulu.

Izinhlobo zase-Asia zincanyana ngosayizi, ezinezithombo zoboya ezansi kwesikalo. Zitholakala emagqumeni, emahlathini, emahlathini anomswakama. Izinga elincane, inani elincane labantu.

I-Chinese pangolin. Umzimba wesilwane uzungelezwe ngombala wethusi. Ubude bufika kuma-60 cm.Uhlala endaweni eseNyakatho neNdiya, China, Nepal. Isici esiyinhloko ukuba khona kwama-auricles athuthukile, okwathiwa isilwane lesi sabizwa ngokuthi i-eared pangolin. Ihamba emhlabathini, kepha engcupheni igibela isihlahla.

I-Indian pangolin. Kuholela impilo yomhlaba ezintabeni, emathafeni asePakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, India. Ubude be-lizard bufika kuma-75 cm. Umbala uphuzi ngokuphuzi.

Javanese Raptor. Ihlala emahlathini asehlathini aseThailand, eVietnam nakwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. Ukuphila ePhilippines, Java. Isici esihlukile - izintokazi zikhulu kunabesilisa. Izilwane zihamba ngokuqiniseka emhlabathini nangezihlahla.

Ama-pangolins ase-Afrika makhulu kunezihlobo zase-Asia. Izinhlobo ezifundwe kahle ezi-4 zezizinsikazi ezihola indlela yokuphila yasemhlabeni neyasemandulo.

I-Steppe (savannah) dinosaur. Umhlali wezifunda zama-steppe aseningizimu mpumalanga ye-Afrika. Umbala wesikali umdaka. Usayizi wabadala ufinyelela ku-50-55 cm.Izimbobo zama-digs, amamitha ambalwa ubude. Ekujuleni kwendawo yokukhosela kunegumbi elikhulu, ubukhulu bawo obuvumela umuntu ukuthi alingane.

Giant pangolin. Ngobude, abesilisa bama-pangolins bafinyelela ku-1,4 m, izinsikazi azidluli kumamitha ayi-1.25. Isisindo somuntu omkhulu singama-30-33 kg. Akunabo noboya. Isici esiyingqayizivele ukuba khona kwama-eyelashes. Izikhala ezinkulu zipendwe ngombala obomvu onsundu. Indawo yokuhlala yama-giolin ama-giolin itholakala eduze ne-ikhwetha entshonalanga ne-Afrika, e-Uganda.

Umugqa Omude Onomsila. Inakekela impilo yesihlahla. Ihluke komakhelwane bayo emsileni omude kakhulu wama-vertebrae angama-47-49, ama-paws amane anezici. Ihlala emahlathini anamaxhaphozi aseNtshonalanga Afrika, eSenegal, Gambia, e-Uganda, e-Angola.

I-Raptor enamabala amhlophe. IPangolin yehlukile kwezinye izinhlobo esikalini esihle. Lesi isibungu esincane kunazo zonke ngosayizi, omzimba waso singama-37-44 cm ubude futhi sinesisindo esingaphezu kuka-2.4 kg. Ubude bemisila elishumi ngokuqondene nosayizi womzimba kubalulekile - kufika kuma-50 cm.

Abamele abamhlophe abahlala emahlathini aseSenegal, eZambia, eKenya. Igama lisuselwa kumbala omhlophe wesikhumba esingavikelekile esiswini sesilwane. Izikali ezinombala onsundu, omnyama onsundu.

UPhilippine Raptor. Eminye imithombo ihlukanisa izinhlobo zesiqhingi zama-pangolins - isifunda esifundazweni sasePalawan.

Indlela yokuphila kanye neHititat

E-Equatorial naseningizimu ye-Afrika, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, indawo yokuhlala kwama-pangolins ihlanganiswe. Amahlathi ama-Moist, ama-steppes avulekile, ama-savannahs akhethwa ngendlela yawo yokuphila. Ukuba khona okucashile kwenza kube nzima ukutadisha izibankwa. Izici eziningi zezimpilo zabo zihlala zingaziwa.

Izinyoka eziningi zihlala ezindaweni ezicebile izintuthwane kanye namaantshontsho. Izinambuzane zingukudla okuyinhloko kwezilwane ezincelisayo, futhi izibungu zazo zisebenzisa izibungu ukuhlanza izinambuzane.

Ama-pangolins ashukumisa i-anthill, isikali esivulekile sokufinyelela izakhamuzi ezinolaka. Izintuthwane eziningi zihlasela umhlaseli, zilume isikhumba sesilwane, futhi sizifafaze nge-formic acid. IPangolin isebenza inqubo yokuhlanza.

Ngemuva kokuphothulwa kwendle, ibhungane livale izikali, ligaye izinambuzane emgibeni. Kunendlela yesiko yesibili yezinqubo zokuhlanzeka - ukugeza okujwayelekile emachibini.

Izilwane zasebusuku zihlala zodwa. Emini, izinhlobo zezinto zomhlaba zofihla emiseleni yezilwane, izinhlobo zezinkuni zifihla emqheleni wezihlahla, zilenga emsileni eduze kwamagatsha, cishe nokuhlangana nemvelo. Ematheni, ama-pangolins akhuphuka ngosizo lwezingubo zangaphambili, izihlangu zomsila zisebenza njengosizo, ukwesekwa ekukhuphukeni. Hhayi ukukhuphuka kuphela, kodwa futhi izibhukudi zokubhukuda ziyakwazi ukugqama.

Isilwane sibonisa ngokuqapha, ukuba yedwa. I-Pangolin isilwane esithule; ikhipha kuphela izingoma zayo kanye nokuphefumula. Izibhulozi zihamba kancane, isilogu sigoqa imichaso yaso, izitebhisi emhlabathini ngezinhlangothi zangaphandle zamadolo. Ukuhamba emilenzeni yangemuva kwayo kushesha - ngejubane lokufika ku-3-5 km / h.

Ngeke akwazi ukuphunyuka esitheni, ngakho-ke uyasindiswa armadillo pangolin ukusonteka kube yibhola. Lapho uzama ukufaka leli lizard liphonsa imfihlo ephunga ngokunganambitheki kwephunga okuthusa izitha.

Ama-pangolins awaboni futhi awezwa, kepha anuka kamnandi. Indlela yonke yokuphila ingaphansi kwezimpawu zokuhogela. Babika ukuba khona kwabo kwezihlobo ezinamamaki amakha ezihlahleni.

Ukubukeka nezimpawu

Photo: Animal Pangolin

Lezi zilwane zinekhanda elincane elibukhali. Amehlo nezindlebe mancane. Umsila banzi futhi mude, kusuka ku-26 kuya ku-90 cm. Izimbambo zinamandla, kepha zimfishane. Imilenze yangaphambili yinde futhi iqinile kunemilenze yasemuva. Kunemikhondo emihlanu egobile emlenzeni ngamunye. Ngaphandle, umzimba oqinile we-pangolin ufana nesigaxa sikaphayini. Izikhukhula ezinkulu, ezigqagqene, ama-lamellar amboza cishe wonke umzimba. Zithambile kuma-pangolins asanda kuzalwa, kepha ziqina lapho zikhula.

Kuphela yi-muzzle, i-chin, umphimbo, intamo, ezinye izingxenye zobuso, ingaphakathi lezitho nezisu azimboziwe esikalini. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ingaphandle lamaphethelo ngaphambili nalo alimboziwe. Izitho zomzimba ngaphandle kwesikali zimbozwe izinwele kancane. Izinwele ezingenazo izindawo ezibukeka zibushelelezi zimhlophe, ukusuka onsundu onsundu kuya kokhanyayo obomvu onsundu noma onsundu.

Isikhumba kwezinye izindawo simpunga ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma opinki. Izinhlobo zase-Eshiya zinezinwele ezintathu noma ezine ezansi kwesikali ngasinye. Izinhlobo zase-Afrika azinazo izinwele ezinjalo. Ubukhulu besikhala, kufaka phakathi ikhanda + lomzimba, buvela kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-90. Izinsikazi zivame ukuba zincane kunabesilisa.

Iqiniso elinelukuluku! Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-pangolin scaly kwenziwa nge-keratin. Lokhu kungokufana okufanayo nezipikili zabantu. Ngokwakheka nokwakheka kwazo, zihluke kakhulu esikalini sokuphamba.

Lezi zilwane azinamazinyo. Ukubamba ukudla, ama-dinosaurs asebenzisa ulimi olude nolunemisipha olwazi ukwelula ibanga elide. Ezinhlotsheni ezincane, ulimi luphakathi kwamasentimitha ayi-16-16. Kubantu abakhulu, ulimi lungamasentimitha angama-40. Ulimi lunamathele kakhulu futhi luyindilinga noma luyisicaba, kuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane.

Ihlala phiolin?

Photo: Pangolin Raptor

Ama-pangolins ahlala ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amahlathi, amathangi aminyene, izindawo ezinesihlabathi kanye nezimbila ezivulekile. Izinhlobo zase-Afrika zihlala eningizimu nasenkabeni yezwekazi lase-Afrika: kusuka eSudan naseSenegal enyakatho kuya kwiRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu Afrika eningizimu. Indawo yokuhlala kwedayosaur e-Asia itholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yezwekazi. Kusuka ePakistan entshonalanga kuya eBorneo empumalanga.

Ububanzi bezinhlobo ngazinye buhanjiswa kanjena:

• AmaNdiya ahlala ePakistan, Bangladesh, iningi leNdiya, ezinye izindawo eSri Lanka nase China,
• Chinese - eNepal, Bhutan, enyakatho India, Burma, enyakatho Indochina, eningizimu China naseTaiwan,
• IPangolin Philippine itholakala kuphela esiqhingini sasePalawan, ePhilippines,
• IMalay Pangolin - I-Southeast Asia + iThailand + i-Indonesia + iPhilippines + i-Vietnam + Laos + iCambodia + neMalaysia ne-Singapore,
• IPangolin temminckii ihlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwe asengxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Afrika, ukusuka eSudan nase-Ethiopia ngasenyakatho kuya eNamibia naseMozambiki eningizimu,
• UGiant uhlala emazweni amaningi eningizimu ye-Afrika. Inani elikhulu kakhulu labantu ligxile e-Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya,
• I-Woody pangolin - maphakathi + nentshonalanga ye-Afrika, isuka eCongo iye empumalanga iye eSenegal entshonalanga, kubandakanya izisekelo zoMfula iNiger, kanye noMfula iCongo,
• ILottery ihlala emahlathini ase-Afrika engaseningizimu yeSahara, ogwini lwe-Atlantic phakathi kweGuinea ne-Angola, idlula eCentral African Republic iye eSudan nase-Uganda.

Amasampula ama-pangolin amade kanye namaMalaysian paol atholakala ezindaweni ezitshaliwe, okukhombisa ukuthi izibankwa ziphoqelelwa ukuba zikhulume nabantu. Kwezinye izimo, kuye kwaqashelwa ezindaweni ezonakele ngemisebenzi yabantu. Izinyoni eziningi zihlala emhlabeni, emiseleni ezembiwe zodwa noma ezinye izilwane.

Lokhu kuyamangaza! Ama-long-tailed andhlathi (izinhlobo zezihlahla zama-pangolins) ahlala emahlathini ezihlahleni futhi aphephele emigodini, akuvamile ukuthi akhwele emathafeni. I-Indian pangolin nayo ingakhuphuka izihlahla, kepha inomshini wayo ongaphansi komhlaba, ngakho-ke ibhekwa njengeyasemhlabeni.

Ama-pangolins ama-Woody ahlala ezihlahleni eziyize, kanti izinhlobo zomhlaba zimba imigudu engaphansi komhlaba ukuya ekujuleni kuka-3,5 m.

Ngabe i-chamolin idlani?

Photo: Armadillo Pangolin

Ama-pangolin ayizilwane ezingavikeleki. Ingxenye yengonyama yokudla iqukethe zonke izinhlobo zezintuthwane + amasimu, kepha ingafakelwa ezinye izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi izibungu. Zicacisiwe ngandlela thile futhi zinqunyelwe ukudla uhlobo olulodwa noma ezimbili zezinambuzane, noma ngabe ziningi izinhlobo zezinto ezinazo. Isibungu singadla kusuka ku-145 kuya ku-200 g wezinambuzane ngosuku. I-Pangolin iyisilawuli esibalulekile sabantu abahlala esigodini sabo.

Izibungu zinamehlo ampofu kakhulu, ngakho-ke zincike kakhulu emqondweni wazo wokuhogela nokuzwa. Izilwane zibona inyamazane ngephunga futhi zisebenzisa amandla ayo angaphambili ukuphula izidleke ezivulekile.Ukungabikho kwamazinyo kuma-pangolins kwavumela ezinye izici zomzimba ukuthi zibonakale ezisiza ukudla izintuthwane kanye nama-termite.

Lokhu kuyamangaza! Ukwakheka kolimi nesisu sabo kuyisihluthulelo ekukhiqizweni nasekugayweni kwezinambuzane. Amathe aminyeneyo enza izintuthwane namahlume anamathele ezilimini zawo ezinde. Ukuntuleka kwamazinyo akuvumeli ama-pangolins ukuhlafuna, noma kunjalo, ekutholeni ukudla, aginya amatshe amancane (gastrolites). Ziyagcwala esiswini, zisiza ukugaya inyamazane.

Isakhiwo sabo samathambo siqine, futhi izingaphambili zabo eziqinile ziyasebenziseka ekuqhekekeni izindunduma ze-termite. Ama-pangolin asebenzisa izigqoko zawo ezinamandla zangaphambili ukudabula izihlahla, inhlabathi nezitshalo lapho efuna inyamazane. Basebenzisa nezilimi ezeluliwe ukuthola imigudu yezinambuzane nezinyamazane. Ama-pangolins ase-Woody asebenzisa imisila yawo eqinile, eyishumi ukuze alengise emagatsheni ezihlahla bese akhonkotha amagxolo esiqwini, aveza izidleke ngaphakathi.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Photo: Pangolin Beast

Ama-pangolin amaningi ayizilwane zasebusuku ezisebenzisa iphunga elikhuliswe kahle ukufuna izinambuzane. I-Long-Tailed Raptor iyasebenza futhi phakathi nosuku, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zichitha isikhathi sazo sasemini eziningi zilala zilingana. Zibhekwa njengezidalwa ezivalekile nezizimfihlo.

Amanye ama-pangolins ahamba ngezimbobo ezingaphambili ezigogekile ngaphansi komcamelo wemilenze yabo, yize besebenzisa umcamelo wonke emilenzeni yabo yangasemuva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-pangolins ngezinye izikhathi angama ngemilenze emibili futhi ahambe ngezinyathelo eziningana ngemilenze emibili. Ama-pangolin futhi awokubhukuda okuhle.

• I-Indian pangolin ihlala ezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo, kufaka phakathi ihlathi, amahlathi, amathafa noma izintaba. Ihlala emiseleni, kusuka 2 kuya ku-6 m ukujula, kepha iyakwazi ukukhwela izihlahla,
• I-pangolin yaseChinese ihlala emahlathini asezindaweni eziphansi futhi eziqinile. Unekhanda elincane elinomunyu okhomba. Ngemilenze eqinile nezinzipho, ubamba izimbobo ngamamitha amabili ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-5,
• I-Pangolin yasePhilippines kungenzeka ukuthi ekuqaleni yayiyisibalo sabantu baseMalayin khonolin abavela eBorneo ekuqaleni kwePleistocene ngamabhuloho omhlaba owakhiwa ngesikhathi sobusika.
• IMalay pangolin ihlala emahlathini ashisayo, ama-savannah kanye nezindawo ezinotshani obukhulu. Isikhumba semilensi siyakhazimula futhi sinombala onsundu noma onsomi ngezinwele ezincane,
• I-Pangolin temminckii kunzima ukuyithola. Kuhlanganiswe ukucasha ezindaweni ezinotshani obukhulu. Inekhanda elincane maqondana nomzimba. I-giolin enkulu ihlala emahlathini nasemisebeni lapho kunamanzi. Le yinhlobo enkulu kunazo zonke, efinyelela ku-140 cm ubude emadodeni futhi ifinyelela ku-120 cm kwabesifazane,
• I-Woody pangolin ilala emagatsheni esihlahla noma phakathi kwezitshalo. Ngesikhathi sokujikeleza, angaphakamisa izikali futhi enze ukunyakaza okubukhali nabo, esebenzisa izicubu ukuhambisa isikali emuva nangaphambili. Kukhipha imisindo enolaka lapho isongelwa
• I-pangolin enomsila omude inomsila ongaba ngu-60 cm. Le yinhlobo encane kunazo zonke. Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo nomsila oyishumi, kuholela indlela yokuphila yesihlahla. Isikhathi sokuphila endle asaziwa, kepha ungaphila ekudingisweni iminyaka engama-20.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Isithombe: I-Pangolin Lizard

Ama-pangolin ayizilwane ezinesizungu. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane, futhi banesisindo esingama-40% ngaphezulu. Bafinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba eminyakeni emibili. Izinhlobo zase-Afrika zivame ukuba nenzalo eyodwa ngokukhulelwa, izinhlobo zase-Asia zingaba nomuntu oyedwa kuya kwabathathu. Isikhathi sokukhwelana asibonakali kahle. Ama-pangolins angazala nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka, yize isikhathi kusuka ngoNovemba kuya ku-Mashi kufaneleka kuwo.

Iqiniso elihehayo! Njengoba ama-pangolins ayizilwane ezihlala zodwa, kumele atholane emikhondweni yephunga. Owesilisa, esikhundleni sokufuna owesimame, umaka indawo yakhe ngomchamo nezindunduma, bese izinsikazi zibafuna.

Lapho bencintisana nowesifazane, abafakizicelo basebenzisa umsila njengemayile ekulweni ithuba lokushada. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezine kuya kwezinhlanu, ngaphandle kwezimbambo zasePhilippines, lapho ukuzala kwesibeletho kuhlala izinyanga ezimbili kuphela.

I-pangolin encane izalwa cishe ngo-15 cm ubude futhi inesisindo esiphakathi kuka-80 no-450 g. Ekuzalweni kwayo, amehlo ayo avulekile futhi ijazi lakhe elinohlonze lithambile. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ziba lukhuni futhi zibe mnyama, kufana nezikhala zakudala. Omama bavikela amawundlu abo ngokuwasonga ngemizimba yabo esongelekile, futhi, njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, babondle ubisi, olusegazini elilodwa lezinyamazane.

Amathole ancike kumama aze afike eminyakeni emithathu noma emine ubudala. Ngemuva kwenyanga ngemuva kwekutalwa, bacala bashiya imbobo bese bacala kudla emahuthi. Ngesikhathi sokuphuma, izingane zihlala zisondelene kakhulu nonina (kwezinye izimo, zinamathela emsileni, zikhuphuke ngaphezu kwawo). Lokhu kusiza ingane uma kwenzeka iba nengozi, icashe ngokushesha ngaphansi kukamama lapho igoba futhi izivikele. Eminyakeni emibili, izingane ziya ngokuya zivuthwa ngokocansi futhi zishiywe ngunina.

Izitha zemvelo zeminolin

Lapho izinhlungu zizizwa zisongelwa, zingagxila zibe yibhola ukuze zivikeleke. Isikali esicijile ngalesi sikhathi sisebenza njengezembatho zempi, sivikela isikhumba esingavikelekile futhi sixosha izilwane ezizingelayo. Lapho sebeguqukele ebholeni, kunzima kakhulu ukukulibeka.

Njengoba beboshwe ebholeni, bangahamba emithambekeni, bashayela ngo-30 m ngemizuzwana eyi-10. Ama-pangolin angaphinde afafaze izinyamazane ezingaba khona ngo-ketshezi oqinile onephunga elimnandi.

Iqiniso elihehayo! Ama-pangolins afaka amakhemikhali anobuthi kusuka kwizindlala eduze kwe-anus, efana kakhulu nesifutho se-skunk.

Ngaphezu kwabantu, izisulu eziyinhloko zeminolin yilezi:

Usongo olukhulu lwe-pangolin ngumuntu. E-Afrika, ama-pangolins azingelwa njengokudla. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezidumile zenyama yasendle. Ama-pangolins nawo ayadingeka eChina ngoba inyama ibhekwa njengokudla okumnandi, kanti amaShayina (njengamanye ama-Afrika) akholelwa ukuthi izikali ze-pangolin zinciphisa ukuvuvukala, ngcono ukuhamba kwegazi futhi zisize abesifazane ngesikhathi sokuqunjelwa ukukhiqiza ubisi.

Ama-pangolins anciphise kakhulu ukungatheleleki ngenxa yokuntuleka kofuzo, okubenza babe buthaka kakhulu. Ekuthunjweni, athambekele ezifweni ezifana ne-pneumonia, izilonda, njll., Okungaholela ekufeni ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Photo: Isilwane Pangolin

Zonke izinhlobo zama-pangolins zizingelwa inyama, isikhumba, izikali nezinye izingxenye zomzimba ezenzelwe ukusetshenziswa emithini yesintu. Ngenxa yalokhu, inani labantu bazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane liye lehla eminyakeni yamuva.

Kunezinsongo eziningana ze-pangolin:

• Izidlamlilo
• Umlilo ocekela phansi indawo yabo yokuhlala,
• Ezolimo
• Ukuhlukumezeka
• Ukuzingela isilwane.

Iziphathimandla zabamba amaloli, amabhokisi nezikhwama zenyama, izikali nezilwane eziphilayo. Abadayisi bezilwane bazithengisa kumakhasimende asebenzisa izilwane ukudla. Ukushushumbiswa kwe-pangolin e-China kuyanda phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo ngenxa yenkolelo yokuthi igazi le-pangolin lisiza ukugcina ukushisa komzimba futhi kuthuthukisa imisebenzi yezocansi. Yize zivinjelwe, kukhona izindawo zokudlela zaseChinese ezisasebenza inyama ye-pangolin ngamanani asukela kuma-50 kuye kwangama-60 euros kg ngayinye.

Ama-pangolins nawo akholakala ukuthi anamandla emilingo. Isikali esiqoqwe endandeni sisebenza njenge-talisman ye-rheumatism. Amaqembu athile abantu ahlanganisa izikali namagxolo ezihlahleni, ekholelwa ukuthi lokhu kuzovikela emthakathi nasemimoyeni emibi. Kwesinye isikhathi isikali siyashiswa ukugcina izilwane zasendle zikude. Ezinye izizwe zikholelwa ukuthi inyama yama-pangolins isebenza njenge-aphrodisiac. Futhi kwezinye izindawo banikelwa emicimbini ebiza imvula.

Ukuvikelwa KwePangolin

Photo: Pangolin Red Book

Njengomphumela wokuzingela, inani labantu bazo zonke izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili zehla kakhulu futhi izilwane zasatshiswa ngokuqothulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21.

Okubhaliwe! Ngo-2014, i-IUCN yahlukanisa izinhlobo ezine zezilwane ezisengcupheni, izinhlobo ezimbili - i-Indian pangolin (M. crassicaudata) nePhilippine pangolin (M. culionensis) - njengoba isongelwa, kanye nezinhlobo ezimbili - uM. J.ananica neChinolin yaseChinese - njengoba kusongelwa ukunyamalala. Bonke babefakwe ku-Red Book.

Lezi zilwane zahlushwa ushushiso olubi, kwathi izihambeli zomhlangano we-17th on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna (CITES) eGoli, South Africa, zavota ukuvimba ukuhweba kwamanye amazwe ngama-pangolins ngonyaka we-2016.

Enye indlela emzabalazweni wokulwa nokushushumbiswa okungekho emthethweni kwama-pangolin “ukulandela umkhondo wemali” yezilwane, ngenhloso yokuhlehlisa imali engenayo yabashushumbisi ngokuvimba ukuhamba kwemali. Ngo-2018, inhlangano yaseChina engeyona eyekahulumeni yaqala ukunyakaza - I-Pangolin phila, ifuna imizamo ehlanganyelwe yokusindisa isilwanyana esiyizilwane esiyingqayizivele. Iqembu le-TRAFFIC selikhombe izindlela zokushushumbisa ezili-159 futhi lihlose ukulivimba.

Ubuhlungu be-Afrika

Izinhlobo ze-Afrika zifaka:

1) Giant Raptor (Manis gigantea). Okukhulu kunawo wonke ama-pangolins. Kwenzeka eCentral nase West Africa, kuhola indlela yokuphila esekwe ezweni.

Kulesi sithombe, i-pangolin enkulu ibonisa ulimi lwayo olude.

2) I-Steppe lizard (Manis temminckii). Kutholakala kuma-savannas nasezitebhisini zaseNingizimu naseMpumalanga Afrika. Lolu hlobo lwasemhlabeni luhlala emiseleni luye kumamitha ambalwa ukujula, luphela emagumbini ayindilinga, ngesinye isikhathi likhulu kangangokuba lingakwazi ukuthola umuntu ukuphakama kwawo okugcwele.

Esithombeni, i-steppe pangolin yaphenduka ibhola elivikelayo. Lokhu kuvikela izitho zomzimba ezingenalutho: i-chin, umphimbo, isisu kanye nengaphakathi lemilenze.

I-3) I-lizire (ende-fingered) ende (i-Manis tetradactyla) ende. Kutholakala emahlathini aseNtshonalanga Afrika, kuholela ikakhulukazi empilweni ye-arboreal. Inomsila omude kunayo yonke. Lolu hlobo lunenombolo yokuqopha ye-caudal vertebrae phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo - 46-47. Izama ukugwema izihlobo zayo ezinkulu, ihamba phakathi nosuku ifuna izidlekwane ezilengayo ezithambile zentuthwane namahlume ezinhlobo zezihlahla, noma ihlasele amakholamu ahamba kulezi zinambuzane.

4) I-Raptor enamabala amhlophe (Manis tricuspis). Ihlala eCentral nase West Africa, ithatha izindawo ezingamahektare angama-20-30 emahlathini aphansi ehlathi. Ihluka ngezikali ezincane. Ekupheleni komsila kukhona indawo engenalutho, ifakwe i-pad sensory, emsiza ukuba athole indawo efanelekile ukuthi angabanjwa.

Kulesi sithombe, i-pangolin emhlophe elimhlophe ilenga egatsheni ngomsila wayo omude, onesibindi.

Ama-pangolins ase-Asia

Izinhlobo zase-Asia ziyehluka kubalingani bazo base-Afrika ikakhulukazi ngokuba khona koboya ezansi kwesikena. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nabase-Afrika, abase-Asia bancane. Akufundwa futhi njengama-Afrika. Bahlala emaceleni, emahlathini emvula nasezintabeni ezingenalutho zamagquma, kodwa nomaphi lapho bambalwa ngenani. Izinhlobo zase-Asia zifaka:

1) I-Indian Raptor (iManis crassicaudata). Lolu hlobo, olunesilinganiso esikhulu impela, luhlala eNdiya. Iningi lama-Indian moolins lihola indlela yokuphila esekwe emhlabeni.

2) i-Javanese (Indochinese) i-lizard (iManis javanica). Kuthunyelwe e-Indonesia nase-Indochina. Izizwa ikhululekile emhlabathini nasezihlahleni.

I-3) isiShayina (i-eyred) isililo (iManis pentadactyla). Itholakala emahlathini aqatha futhi asezansi enyakatho yeNdiya, eNepal naseningizimu yeChina. Ihluka ezihlotsheni zayo ngama-auricles athuthuke kakhulu. Imvamisa uhlala emhlabeni, kepha uma kwenzeka ingozi ingagibela isihlahla ngokushesha.

Kweminye imithombo, kukhonjiswa enye inhlobo - iPhilippine lizard (Manis culionensis). I-Endemic to Philippines, etholakala eziqhingini eziningana zasePhilippine esifundazweni sasePalawan.

Ufuna ukwazi konke

Okokuqala lapho ngibona i-pangolin (lat. Pholidota), unganquma ukuthi une-armadillo, kepha lezi yizilwane ezihluke ngokuphelele. Ama-pangolins izikhala zezilwane ezincelisayo eziningi zomhlaba. Igama lezibungu livela egameni elithi “pengguling”, elihunyushwe lisuka eMalawi lisho “ukugoqa ube yibhola”. Iqiniso ukuthi lapho kuvela ingozi, i-pangolin ivame ukugoqa ebholeni.

Igama langempela esiLatini lizwakala njengoPholidota. Izibungu zalolu hlobo luvame ukuba nobude bomzimba ngamasentimitha angama-30 kuya kwangama-88, futhi ubukhulu bomsila wazo zivame ukuvumelana nosayizi womzimba uqobo. Isilwane esibonakalayo sihluke kakhulu ngokubukeka ezihlotsheni zaso.

Emhlabeni wonke kunezinhlobo eziyi-8 zalezi “dragon-hedgehogs” (asizibize ngokuzijabulisa). Ezinye zazo - Izinhlobo ezi-4 - zihlala engxenyeni eseNingizimu ne-Equatorial Africa, nakwezinye - e-Southeast Asia.

Uhlobo ngalunye luhlukile ngendlela yalo. Ngakho-ke, manje sizohamba ngokushesha ngezimpawu ezijwayelekile zama-pain, bese sikhuluma ngezinhlobo ngayinye ngokwahlukana.

Lezi zilwane zinomsila omude kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi zingadlula ubude bomzimba wesilwane. Umzimba wonke ongenhla, oqala maphakathi nesihlalo sokugcina futhi ophela ngomsila, umbozwe ngemigqa eminyene yamapuleti ezimpondo ngombala onsundu noma onsundu. Lokhu kulungiswa kwesikali kuvumela isilwane, yize sihamba kancane, ukuze sikhuphuke sibe yibhola. Ikhala kuphela, isisu kanye nengaphakathi lemilenze kuhlala “kungavikelekile”. Lawa mabala ambozwe ngoboya obufushane obungajwayelekile, obunzima.

Umkhawulo wangemuva we-flake ngayinye ukhonjisiwe. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zingaguga, kepha okusha kuvela endaweni yazo. Kulokhu, inani lama-flakes lihlala lingashintshiwe. Isembozo esinjengalesi "sodrako" senza imisebenzi yokuvikela kuphela futhi asinakwenza lutho ngesembozo sophondo lwezilwane ezihuqayo, ezinjengeengwenya.

Ama-pangolins adla kuphela izintuthwane nama-termite, okungenzeka ukuthi kungani ebukeka efana kancane nezintethe, ikakhulukazi isihlakala sendlebe nokuvula umlomo okuncane. Njengazo zonke izilwane ezinokudla okungavikeleki okunjalo, ulimi lwama-pangolin lude futhi lunamathele. Ubude bawo bube ngamasentimitha angama-40. Izicubu eziletha ulimi ezenzweni zidlulela esifubeni bese zifinyelela ku-pelvis.

Akanamazinyo, ngakho-ke, wokugaya ukudla okubukhoma, izindonga zesisu zimbozwe nge-keratinized epithelium enamahlumela ekeratinized. Ngaphezu kwalokhu, i-pangolin ingaginya amatshe amancane, nawo anomthelela ekunqumeni ukudla.

Bathola ukudla ngokubhidliza izindonga ze-anthill ngemilenze yabo egandayiwe enamandla. Kepha akupheleli lapho. Kuvela ukuthi amathe ama-pangolins akhanga kakhulu ezintuthwaneni, futhi agijimela kuye njengoju.

Amehlo amancane ambozwe izinkophe ezinde, ezivikela kakhulu ekuhlaselweni yizintuthwane kanye namaantshontsho. Isilozi akudingeki sibheke ekuboneni nasekuzweni, kepha iphunga laso lihle kakhulu.

Ama-pangolin ayizilwane zasebusuku. Zihlala emigodini ejulile noma emigodini. Ezinye izinhlobo zigibela izihlahla kahle. Zihamba kancane - azidluli i-3.5 - 5 km / h. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuvela usongo, bagoba ibhola bese bemboza amakhanda abo ngomsila onamandla. Ukuze ubasebenzise kuzodinga amandla anele kanye nobuchopho. Izidlakela ezinkulu kuphela nezinamandla, njengezingwe noma amahlosi, ezingenza lokhu. Enye indlela evikelekile ye-pangolin yimfihlo enuka kahle ekhishwa kwizinduna zezitho.

Lezi zilwane zinesizungu, kuphela kwesinye isikhathi lapho ungahlangana khona nowesifazane une -inyane elincane ngemuva kwakhe. Amaqabunga alethwa kanye ngonyaka, ngokuvamile ebusika. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezi-4-5. Ama-painol ase-Afrika ajwayele ukuzala ama-1 cub, kuthi lawo ase-Asia asuke ku-1 kuye ku-3. Ingane izalwa ikhule kahle, kepha ingenazinwele futhi inama-bristles athambile, aqala ukuba lukhuni ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo, isikhathi sokuqala sokuphila kwabo, amawundlu e-pangolin adla ubisi lukamama, kuthi emva kwenyanga aguqukele ekudleni okumnandi. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, umama ufihla ingane yakhe ngokushesha "kwindandatho" yomzimba wakhe.

Ukuhlatshwa kwenhliziyo kufaka okuwukuphela komndeni iLizard (Manidae) nohlobo lwesimanje, lapho kunezinhlobo ezingama-8, manje sizokwazi ukwazi ngamunye wabo. Ukuqala, cabanga ngama "Afrika" (labo abahlala eNingizimu noma e-Equatorial Africa):

1. I-Raptor Emude Egcwele Ithayi (I-Uromanis tetradactyla) Kuhlala izihlahla ezihlahleni zemvula zaseNtshonalanga Afrika. Inomsila omude kakhulu phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Ubude bomzimba bungama-30-40 cm, kanti umsila ungama-60-70 cm.

2. Giator Raptor (I-Smutsia gigantea) Okukhulu kunakho konke.Ubude bawo bufinyelela ku-75-80 cm, kanti nomsila ungamasentimitha angama-50-65. Amapuleti ezimpondo makhulu impela. Ngokungafani nesibungu esinezindebe ezinde, sincamela ukuhlala phansi futhi sitshale imisele. Ihlala eCentral nase West Africa.

3. I-Raptor enamabala amhlophe (Phataginus tricuspis) Ubude bomzimba bungama-35-45 cm, umsila ungamasentimitha angama-40-50. Ukusuka egameni kuyacaca ukuthi izinwele ezisebusweni bakhe zikhanya. Futhi, le nhlobo ihlukaniswa yizikali ezincane ezinama-spikes amancane. Ihlala emahlathini aseNtshonalanga naseCentral Africa. Ukuphila ezihlahleni.

ISteppe Raptor (I-Smutsia temminckii) Eshesha kakhulu futhi esingandile kunazo zonke kwezinhlobo eziyi-8. Indawo yokuhlala izitebhisi nama-savannas aseMpumalanga naseNingizimu Afrika. Ukulungiselela ukuhlala phansi.

Hhayi, manje izinhlobo ezitholakala eSouthwest Asia:

1. UPhilippine Raptor (Manis culionensis) Ihlala kuphela eziqhingini eziningana zasePhilippine eziyingxenye yesifundazwe sasePalawan.

2. I-Indian Raptor (Manis crassicaudata) Ukuphela kwezinhlobo ezimba imigodi ejulile eziphelela egumbini lokudlela. Ukuphila, njengoba ubuvele uqonde, eNdiya. Ubude bomzimba - 60-65 cm, ubude bomsila - cm- 45-50. Kumbozwe ngezikali ezinkulu zombala onsundu omnyama.

3. IJavanese Raptor (Manis javanica) Izwa imnandi yomqhele omnyama wezihlahla nasemhlabathini opholile. Inendawo yokuhlala enkulu impela. Ungahlangana naye enhlonhlo yaseMalacca, e-Indochina nase Indonesia. Imbozwe ngezikali eziphakathi nendawo nobukhulu obudayiwe.

4. Kutholwe iRaptor (Manis pentadactyla) Nginegama layo lama-auricles athuthuke kakhulu. Ukuphila emahlathini aseNepal, South China naseNyakatho India. Ithanda umhlabathi oqinile ngaphansi kwezinyawo zayo, kodwa futhi ingakhuphuka izihlahla uma kunesidingo. Ubude bomzimba - 50-60 cm, umsila - 30-40 cm.

Ukubukeka kwabo okungajwayelekile kuye kwaba njengezithiyo ezinhle kakhulu zabantu. Izakhamizi zakule ndawo azibabambi kangako ngenyama, enambitha njengengulube, kepha ingxenye enkulu yezikali zamagobolondo nesikhumba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu bathi ngezimpondo zabo amandla ayisimangaliso - isivikelo ekuhlaselweni ngamabhubesi, nabanye - isivikelo kunthakathi nase ezifweni.

Ngo-2012, izikhulu zaseThailand zibheka i-pangolin ngesikhathi kuqhubeka ingqungquthela nabezindaba eBangkok, eThailand. Iziphathimandla zeSiko zisindise ama-pangolins asengozini yokubekeka ngenani eliphelele lama- $ 46,000, abebezolikhipha ezweni badle. (I-Apichart Weerawong / I-Associated Press)

Ama-pangolins amabili asindisiwe ahleli kubhasikidi, eBangkok, eThailand. (USakchai Lalit / I-Associated Press)

Ama-pangolin akwazi ukuma kalula emilenzeni yawo yangasemuva ukuze abuke kahle umhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusekelwa kwabo okuyinhloko kungumsila. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, i-pangolin ibangela ukusabela okuvikelayo. Abagcini nje kuphela ebholeni, kodwa futhi bakhipha nephunga elingathandeki elisebenza ukwesabisa isitha. Uma i-pangolin isonteke yaba yibhola, kuzovele kube nzima ukuyiphaka.

IPangolin kunzima kakhulu ukuyigcina isethunjiwe, ngoba ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-dinosaurs izinambuzane zezinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela. Esiswini sesibungu kungaba kusuka ku-150 kuya ku-2000 g wezinhlobonhlobo zezinambuzane nezintwala.

Indlela Yokuphila yePangolin

Ama-pangolin adla ngokuba yizikhathi zasebusuku (ngaphandle kwe-Africanolin-tailin ende), futhi, njengomthetho, ahlala eyedwa. Emini, izinhlobo zezwe zasemhlabeni zigcina indawo yokuhlala emiseleni yezinye izilwane, futhi izinhlobo zezihlahla ziphumula emigodini noma emiqhele yezihlahla, ezihlanganisiwe phakathi kwama-epiphytes noma emagatsheni abelwe. Bakhuphuka iziqu eziqonde mpo zezihlahla ngosizo lwezipele zangaphambili, futhi imiphetho eyenziwe ngezivikelo zomsila ihlinzeka ukwesekelwa okwengeziwe.

Izibungu zihamba kancane, ukugoba okukhulu kokubamba kuvimbela futhi kwehlise ijubane ukunyakaza. Ngenkathi ihamba, isilo siyazigoqa ngaphakathi nezitebhisi emhlabathini ngamacala angaphandle wangaphambili. Kepha uma ama-pangolins ehamba ngemilenze yawoangemuva, ngenkathi esebenzisa umsila njenge-balancer, angahamba ngokushesha (aze afike ku-5 km / h).

Ama-pangolin awaboni kahle futhi awezwa kahle, kepha angaziqhayisa ngomqondo omuhle kakhulu wephunga - yonke impilo yawo yenhlalo ilawulwa ngamaphunga. Ama-pangolins atshela izihlobo zawo ngobukhona bawo, asabalalisa indle ezindleleni futhi ashiye amamaki omchamo nokuqothuka komoya we-anal gce ezihlahleni. Ngamathegi, omakhelwane bangafunda ngesimo sokuzala kanye nesimo esivelele.

Imisindo eyenziwe ngama-pangolins inomkhawulo we-pant and hiss.

Ukudla

Ama-pangolin azo zonke izinhlobo ayizilwane ezingavikeleki. Bangabathandi abakhulu bezintuthwane nezihlwathi, futhi, njengama-anteatte aseNingizimu Melika, ama-painol athola indawo yokuhlala kwawo ngezilwane ezinolimi olude oluncane.

Ama-pangolin asebenzisa izindlawu zawo ezinamandla ukuqothula izidleke zezintuthwane zodaka nezintuthwane. IGreater pangolin ikwazi ukudla izintuthwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-200 ezinesisindo esilingana nama-700 amagremu ngobusuku.

Lapho i-pangolin isondliwe, iso lesilwane ekulimeni izintuthwane livikela izinkophe ezinde, kuyilapho izicubu ezikhethekile zivimba emakhaleni.

Izindaba zomndeni

Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwama-pangolins siba ngoSepthemba-Okthoba. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-65-70 (i-Indian pangolin) kuya ezinsukwini ezingama-139 (ama-steppe nama-white-belved paolins). Ukubeletha kwenzeka kusuka ngoNovemba kuya kuMashi. Izinsikazi zezinhlobo zase-Afrika zivame ukuletha iwundlu elilodwa elinesisindo esingama-200-500 amagremu, e-Asia 2 ngisho nezingane ezi-3 zivame ukuzalwa. Kungekudala ngemuva kokuzalwa, izinhlobo zezihlahla ezincane zibambelela emsileni kanina futhi zingagibela kuye kuze kube yilapho zincelisa ibele, futhi kuze kube ngisho nezinyanga ezintathu ubudala, kuthiwa. Engcupheni, omama bavikela izingane ngokusonta eduze kwazo. Amakhulu ezinhlobo zezilwane zomhlaba azalelwa emgodini, okokuqala ngqa ahamba emsileni kanina eneminyaka eyi-2 kanye nesishiyagalombili yobudala.

Kulesi sithombe: i-pangolin encane encane kakhulu igibela umsila kanina.

Ama-pangolins afinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba ngeminyaka emibili.

Umsoco

Izibungu zePangolin yizilwane ezingavikeleki. Enhliziyweni yokudla kunezinhlobonhlobo zezidakwa nezintuthwane, amaqanda azo. Okunye ukudla akuheqi izilwane ezincelisayo. Ubungcweti bokudla okuncane, ukudla okufananayo kuba yisithiyo esikhulu sokugcina izilwane zisethunjiwe, ekhaya.

Ebusuku, i-giolin enkulu ekuzingeleni idla izintuthwane ezingama-200,000. Esiswini, isamba esiphelele sokuphakelayo cishe singama-700 amagremu. Isilwane esilambile singabhubhisa ikoloni elikhulu lezintuthwane ngesigamu sehora, sigcwalise isisu ngenqwaba yokudla okufika ku-1.5-2 kg. Ukudla kwePangolin Izinambuzane zomile, ngakho-ke izilwane zidinga ukufinyelela njalo emanzini.

Akuzenzekeli ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo zithanda ukuhlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo. Izingilazi ziphuza amanzi, njengama-anteat, ngokusebenzisa ulimi, oluthambile bese lumdonsela emlonyeni.

Izindandatho ezinamandla kuma-paws zisiza ekubhubhiseni izidleke zobumba zamantshontsho. Isilwane sibhidliza ngolaka izindonga zezintuthwane. Bese ulimu olude luphenye indawo yokuhlala kwezintuthwane. Amathe lamazenga anephunga elimnandi elifana nephunga loju.

Izintuthwane zinamathela olimini oluncane. Lapho sekwanele, i-pangolin idonsa ulimi lwayo emlonyeni wayo, iginye inyamazane. Uma kungenzeki ukunqoba i-anthill ngesikhathi, i-pangolin iphatha leli koloni ngamathe njengeglue ukubuya ngakusasa inyamazane.

Enye indlela yokuthola ukudla kusuka kuzinkuni. Angena ezidlekeni zezinambuzane ngaphansi kwamagxolo ezihlahla. Ukubambelela emiseleni yezikhala zezinyosi kubamba izindawo lapho kuqongelela khona inyamazane, kudabula izingcezu zamagxolo ngezindlebe zazo futhi kuqalise nolimi olumnandi ngaphakathi.

Ukusuka kokulunywa yisinambuzane, ibhungane limboza amehlo ngamehlo anamajwabu, izicubu ezikhethekile zivikela emakhaleni.

Ngaphezu kwezintuthwane, amasimu, izinhlobo ezithile zama-pangolins zidla kumakhekhe, izibungu nezimpukane.

Ukugaya ukudla kusatshalaliswa ngamatshe abunjiwe, isihlabathi. Zigaya izinambuzane, namazinyo abolile esiswini, ama-epithelium ahlanganayo angaphakathi asiza ukugaya okuphakelayo.

Isimo sokuLondolozwa

Ama-pangolins afunwa kakhulu ngenxa yenyama nesikali, ngenxa yalokho yilezi zilwane ezivela kuzo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo zomhlaba eziye zaba yinto ethengiswayo enkulu kunazo zonke ezingekho emthethweni. Inyama enambitha njengengulube ithathwa njengekudliwayo, kanti izikali ziye zathola ukusetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha zabantu. Emiphakathini eminingi yase-Asia, kukholelwa ukuthi i-powder evela esikalini salezi zilwane iyelapha futhi i-aphrodisiac. Ama-Pangolins abulewe futhi adayiswa ngokungemthetho isikhathi eside, zonke izinhlobo ziye zafunwa ngokungakhethi, futhi isu labo eliyinhloko lokuvikela ezilwaneni (ama-pangolins afakwa emgqonyeni webhola eliqinile) lenza ukuthi ukugebha lezi zilwane ngabantu kuwumsebenzi olula. Konke lokhu kuholele ekutheni namuhla ama-dinosaurs asondele ekubhujisweni.

Kusukela ngonyaka we-1994, zonke izinhlobo zamazibuko zifakiwe ku-CITES Isithasiselo II. Yize zivikelwe ngumthetho emazweni amaningi asekhaya, ukuhleleka okungekuhle kwezomthetho kuyaphazamisa izidingo zomthetho kulawa mazwe amaningi. Enye inkinga ukuthi, naphezu kokuvinjelwa okujwayelekile kwezentengiselwano ezinhlotsheni zase-Asia ze-pangolin, ezimeni eziningi, ukuhlonza izinhlobo zokuhlangana kwamasampula esikalini akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuhlaziywa okubizayo. Ngakho-ke, izindlela ezikhona zokuvikela ama-pangolin azisebenzi, ngoba abaphathi bezentengiso kaningi abakwazi ukubona ukuthi hlobo luni lwentengiso.

Ukwehla kwesibalo sabantu besibankwa kuholele ekutheni kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo sabo, esikhona eChina naseVietnam, abashushumbisi baqala ukusebenzisa abahlinzeki bezilwane abavela kwamanye amazwe aseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia ne-Indian subcontinent. Iziphathimandla zenkambiso zihoxa njalo ezimpahleni zokusakazwa ezinamathani wenyama eqandisiwe nesikali se-pangolin. Ngokubheka ukuba khona komshini onjalo kubantu be-pangolin, i-IUCN yahlukanisa ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zase-Eshiya esigabeni "esisengozini".

Njengoba inani labantu base-Asia lehla, isibalo sezinhlobo zama-Afrika sikhuphuka. I-IUCN ifake zonke izinhlobo ezine zamanabukeni ama-Afrika esigabeni “esisengcupheni”, okubangelwa yingcindezi eyandayo yokuzingela, okuhambisana nesidingo salezi zilwane e-Asia.

Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ama-painsin angaphezu kwesigidi abulewe ngabazingeli ngenhloso yokuthola inyama nesikali. Njengoba izibankwakazi ziyizilwane ezincelisayo ezikhula kancane, lo mkhuba ungaholela ekunyamalaleni ngokuphelele kusuka esimweni sabo bonke abantu be-painolins.

Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside

Isikhathi sokuvuthwa kwama-pangolins siqala ekwindla, ngokuqala kukaSepthemba. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa ezinhlotsheni zaseNdiya sifinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-70, esigxotsheni nasezibankeni ezinamabala amhlophe - kufinyelela ezinsukwini eziyi-140. Izikeleza zase-Afrika zithola iwundlu elilodwa iwundlu ngalinye, izibankwakazi zase-Asia zikhuphuka ziye kwabathathu. Isisindo sezingane singama-400 g, ubude bufika ku-18 cm.

Ngemuva kokuzalwa, isikali samawundlu sithambile, siqine ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2-3, izingane zinamathela emsileni kamama, zilandele kuze kufike lapho zizothola inkululeko. Izinambuzane ezinomsoco ziqala kusuka enyangeni eyodwa. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, omama bathinta izingane. Ama-Pangolins avuthwa ngokomzimba ngeminyaka emi-2.

Impilo yezinhlungu ihlala iminyaka eyi-14. Ochwepheshe bokuzala bazama ukwandisa abantu futhi bandise impilo kwizibungu ezimangalisayo, kepha kunobunzima obuningi ekutholeni inzalo enempilo yalezi zilwane ezingandile.

Abantu abaningi bayazi i-pangolin esithombeni, kodwa into esemqoka ukuyigcina endaweni yemvelo ukuze umlando wasendulo wobukhona bawo ungaqhekeki ngenxa yephutha lomuntu.