Emifuleni egeleza kancane igeleza ezindaweni ezishisayo phakathi kwamahlathi, izinsalela eziningi zezinto eziphilayo ziqongelela, ngokwesibonelo, amaqabunga afile, amagatsha, izithelo, njll. Ngesikhathi sokubola, anelisa amanzi ngama-tannins (ikakhulukazi ama-tannins), anikeza wona itiye umthunzi omnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwamanzi nge-hydrochemical kubuye kushintshe kuye kwi-pH ephansi ne-dGH. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwamaqabunga e-aquarium kuyakwazi ukuletha izimo zokuboshwa eduze nalezo ezitholakala emvelweni. Amaqabunga asebenza futhi njengento eyengeziwe futhi engokwemvelo ekwakhiweni kwe-aquarium, umthombo wokudla we-shrimp kanye nenhlanzi ethile.
Kwelinye lama-athikili ashicilelwe ngaphambili, sesithinte lesi sihloko, lapho sahlola khona ukusetshenziswa kwamaqabunga namagxolo esihlahla som-alimondi. Zilungele wonke umuntu, kepha zinokuphindisela okubalulekile - azikhuli eYurophu nasemazweni e-CIS, ngakho-ke udinga ukuzithenga ezitolo zezilwane noma nge-Intanethi, ngoba kunokunikezwa okungaphezu kokulingene.
Yini amaqabunga engakufanele ukuqoqa:
Eduze komgwaqo, imigwaqo emikhulu, okufanayo kusebenza ezihlahleni zasemadolobheni. Uma ungumhlali wedolobha, isikhathi sokuvakashela emaphandleni.
Eduzane namasimu ezolimo, izilimo zazo ziphathwa ngamanyolo ahlukahlukene namanye amakhemikhali.
Silimele futhi silimele, le ndlela yamaqabunga ingakhombisa isifo sesihlahla kanye nomonakalo wesinambuzane.
Ubusika, obuvame ukutholakala entwasahlobo. E-aquarium, bazowa ngokushesha ngaphandle kokuthola umphumela oyifunayo noma, okubi kakhulu, bangcolisa amanzi.
Amaqabunga omisiwe ekushiseni kwegumbi ngokuwasabalalisa kutreyi futhi amboze ngendwangu emincane. Indlela ethandwayo yokuwomisa phakathi kwamakhasi ezincwadi kuleli cala ayifanele, amaqabunga angathola u-inki.
Ngakho-ke lawo makhasi awomile aminza, amanzi ngaphambi kokufakwa ku-aquarium. Enye indlela ukuthulula amanzi abilayo, amaqabunga anjalo azothambisa amanzi ngezinga elingaphansi.
UZhenya Podsypalnikov ubhala:
"I-acid ekhipha amanzi nge-organic acid, ethambekele kakhulu ebukhoneni besibhakela, ayisho ukuthi ukuqhuma kwe-algae (kwesinye isikhathi kuyabavimbela), kutholakala ezinhlanzini ezindaweni zokugcina zemvelo.
Kusukela esimweni esiseduze sokungathathi hlangothi futhi phambili, ohlangothini lwe-acidic, i-CN nayo iyancipha: I-СО2 iyakhishwa. Ukwenza imibala emanzini ku-aquarium akwenzeki.
Ukulungiselela ukukhishwa: Izinto ezi-Raw (BAR OAK) zingathengwa ekhemisi (eshibhile) noma ziqoqwe ngokuzimela. Ngiyacela, lapho uqoqa, uqaphele ukuthi okutholwayo kwegxolo ngokukhula kwe-moss noma i-lichen akuwele kubhasikidi. Zama ukukhetha i-bark "ephakathi": ayindala futhi ayiyona entsha, kepha noma kunjalo - okukhulu, kumnyama, sekuvele kubenzima.
Amagxolo awadingi kulungiselelwa futhi angadalwa njengamanje: uhhafu welitha lamanzi anezipuni ezinhlanu zamagxolo agqotshisiwe alethwa kubilishi futhi kuphekwe imizuzu eli-15 ngaphezulu kokushisa okuphansi, kumbozwe.
Ngemuva kokuthi i-var isizimele ngokwayo, ihlungwa ngesihlalo sesandla esigoqeke kane.
Manje - setha ukugxilisa ingqondo kokukhishwa.
Umthetho: ukukhishwa kokugcina kufanele kubukeke kuphuzi okuphuzi (hhayi onsundu) engilazini.
Uma umbala we-var usemnyama - kuyadingeka ukuwuthambisa ngamanzi abilisiwe, kulandela umthetho ongenhla.
ISINYATHELO 1 "Ukubeka isifiso" - ukuvela kwezinsuku eziningi kwe-pH ne-KN:
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Isipuni sithathwa isilinganiso somthelela. Ngokwesilinganiso, isipuni esibhakeleni samanzi sehlisa i-pH ngo-0.3 - 0.5, no-KN - ngo-2 dKH.
Njalo ekuseni, lapho isihlungi sisebenza, uthele izipuni ezimbili ngamalitha amanzi wamanzi we-aquarium. Kusihlwa - izilinganiso ze-pH ne-KH zithathwa futhi ziqhathaniswa nesifiso.
Isixwayiso: ungasebenzisi okunye lapho usufika ku-KH 3 dKH, yehlisa umthamo wediphozithi uma ukwehla kwe-pH ngaso leso sikhathi kuphakeme kuno-0,2. Ungalokothi wehlise i-pH ngaphansi kuka-5.5 njalo!
ISINYATHELO 2 "Isifiso Esisekayo" - umsebenzi we-shift-shift ukuze ulondoloze ukugxila
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Ngemuva kwe-siphon, kufakwa amanzi amasha, anambitheke ngekhompiyutha ekubalweni okujwayelekile: isipuni esibhakeleni.
Kodwa-ke, umthamo ungashintshwa uma amanzi ebhakedeni ngemuva kokufakwa kokukhipha akafinyeleli noma adlule isifiso.
Isixwayiso: ungasebenzisi okunye lapho usufika ku-KH 3 dKH, yehlisa umthamo wediphozithi uma ukwehla kwe-pH ngaso leso sikhathi kuphakeme kuno-0.2. Ungalokothi wehlise i-pH yakho ngaphansi kwesilinganiso esingu-5.5! "
Ungatshala kanjani izitshalo ku-aquarium?
Ngaphambi kokutshala, isitshalo ngasinye kufanele sihlanzwe nge-algae engcolile enamathiselwe kuyo, ne-caviar yeminenke. Susa izindawo ezilimele. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ibulawe amagciwane imizuzu engaba ngu-20 kwisisombululo se-potanganum permanganate se-pink (kuya kokubomvu).
Ukusheshisa ukukhula, izimpande zinganqunywa kancane. Ngemuva kwalokho kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa i-aquarium ngomhlabathi ogeziwe kuze kube ngaphezu kwesentimitha ayi-10 bese usigcwalisa ngamanzi (5 - 10 cm). Beka izitshalo ku-aquarium udinga ukuqala kusuka odongeni lwangemuva. Ngemuva kukhona izitshalo ezinde kakhulu. Njengomthetho, uhlangothi lokubuka lishiywa lukhululekile noma lezo zinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlala zincanyana noma zakha ikhava yemifino eqhubekayo zisatshalaliswa kanye nayo.
Lapho utshala, izimpande kufanele zibekwe ohlangothini lokukhula kwazo kwemvelo. Ngakho-ke, kuma-cryptocorins kanye ne-wallysneria, izimpande zikhula zibheke ezansi, kuyilapho kuma-aponoheton ne-echinodorus, izimpande zehla ngamasentimitha ambalwa kuphela futhi zivame ukusabalala ngokuqondile.
Ukuze ubeke izimpande emhlabathini ume mpo phansi, udinga ukwenza umgodi ujule ngokujulile bese ubeka isitshalo kuwo ukuze wehle ngaphansi nje kwentamo yezimpande, kodwa impande yaqondiswa ngqo. Ngemuva kwalokho, uthathe kancane inhlabathi, udonsa ngokucophelela lesi sitshalo phezulu ukuze intamo yezimpande ivele. Ngakho-ke, ngisho negatsha elincanyana kunazo zonke izimpande lizotholakala ngqo emhlabathini.
Iphutha elijwayelekile labasubathi abaningi bezinhlanzi lapho betshala izitshalo endaweni ese-aquarium: izimpande akufanele zigobe (a), kodwa ngokuphelele, nazo zonke izinqubo zazo, kufanele zitholakale ngqo emhlabathini (b). Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu ukwenza umgodi ujule, utshale isitshalo lapho, bese uyidonsa kancane.
Lapho utshala izitshalo ezinezimpande ezikhula ngokulingene, udinga ukwenza umgodi ongashisi futhi ojulile kakhulu, ubeke izimpande kuwo ngefeni bese uzifafaza ngenhlabathi.
Izitshalo ezinwabuzelayo kumele zitshalwe ngamaqembu ezincezu ezingama-4-6, njengamabhishi, ngaphandle kwalokho zinokubukeka okungathandeki. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ibanga phakathi komunye nomunye wabo kufanele libe malunga ne-1-2 cm (lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu nge-kabomb).
Izitshalo ezingakhuli ngosayizi nokukhula nazo zivame ukutshalwa ngamaqembu.
Izitshalo ezinama-rhizomes avela phezulu njengotshani, kumele atshalwe endaweni emthambeka ukuze izindawo ezivumela ukudubula ziphume zisuka emhlabathini.
Izitshalo zasemanzini ezintantayo kwikholamu yamanzi futhi zithola umsoco ngqo emanzini ngokusebenzisa izitho ezikhethekile emaqabungeni awo atshalwe emhlabathini ngezinsika, ngaphandle kwezimpande. Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukususa amaqabunga ezindaweni ezimbili eziphansi zesiqu. Amatshe amaflethi azosiza ukugcina izitshalo ukuthi zingantengeli zize zimile izimpande.
Izitshalo ezithola umsoco emhlabathini kuphela ngosizo lwezimpande, kanye nezitshalo okuthi yize zibhekene nobunzima "bokusebenza" ngezimpande zazo, zisadinga izakhamzimba (ngokwesibonelo: i-aponogetone, i-echinodorus, i-cryptocoryne), kumele ibekwe enhlabathini ezindebe noma emiphongolweni . Lawa mapuleti angagcwaliswa ngengxube yobumba, equkethe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zobumba ne-aquarium peat. Izingxube ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ama-aquariums okwamanje ziyathengiswa. Akunconywa kakhulu ukusebenzisa izingxube zobumba zezimbali ezise-aquarium. Ukuze ungabhubhisi umklamo we-aquarium ngokubonakala kwamapuleti amade namabhodwe avela emhlabathini, avame ukuhlotshiswa ngamatshe.
Ukutshala izitshalo emabhodweni kuyanconywa futhi ukuthi kusetshenziswe kuma-aquariums, lapho kuthathwa khona okuqukethwe kwezinhlanzi ezimba inhlabathi, ezinjengama-cichlids.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, okuqukethwe kwezitshalo emabhodweni kunenzuzo yokuthi lapho kuhlanza inhlabathi engaphansi, izikejana zingasuswa kuphela ku-aquarium bese ziphinda zibuyiselwa ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande.
Ukutshala kwabantu ku-aquarium umuntu ngamunye wezitshalo ezahlukahlukene futhi kuya ngosayizi wesibonelo ngasinye ngokwahlukana nokukhula okuhloswayo. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, izitshalo ezifana ne-Cryptocoryne Griffith (S. griffithi), I-Cryptocoryne ciliate (C. ciliata) noma i-Cryptocoryne Beckett (C. beckettii) kanye nebanga phakathi kwabo, ngokulandelana, kufanele kube okungenani amasentimitha ayi-15. Futhi i-aponoheton ne-echinodorus, ibanga phakathi kwezilinganiso ezincane kufanele lisuke ku-8 liye ku-10 cm, naphakathi kwezitshalo ezinkulu ukusuka ku-15 kuye ku-30 cm. Kwezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo, likhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amaqabunga amaningi (ngokwesibonelo, ezinhlotsheni ezithile ze-apogonetone kukhona amaqabunga angama-20-40), futhi adinga isikhala samahhala esivela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi (!).
Isikhathi esifanelekayo sokutshala izitshalo intwasahlobo. Izinhlobo ezintsha ziyakhululwa, njengomthetho, kusuka kumagadi okugcina izithombo, lapho izitshalo zijwayele ukushintshwa okuyikho kwezinkathi zonyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, baqeda isikhathi sokungabibikho (ngoNovemba kuya kuJanuwari) futhi baqala ukukhipha amahlumela amasha.
Izakhi ezibalulekile zezitshalo ze-Aquatic
Izitshalo zamanzi zidonsela izakhi zomzimba ezibalulekile phambi kwamaqabunga nezimpande zazo. Kukhona izinto ezintathu eziyinhloko ezidingeka izitshalo ngobukhulu obukhulu: i-nitrogen, phosphate ne-potassium. E-aquarium, i-nitrogen ne-phosphates kunikezwa eminye imininingwane ngesimo sezinhlanzi, ukudla okungabonakali, amahlamvu ezitshalo afile futhi ngakho-ke ngokuvamile akudingi ukusetshenziswa kwazo okwengeziwe. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-potassium isesincane futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu kufanele iphinde yenziwe. Kukhona nezinye izakhamzimba ezidinga izitshalo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izinto zensimbi nezinye umkhondo zidingeka kuphela ngamanani amancane, ukusweleka kwazo kungaholela ekuwohlokeni ekukhuleni kwezitshalo: okumhlophe noma kuphuzi ngamaqabunga, izitshalo ziba zincane futhi zibuthakathaka.
Ukususa ama-Nutrients ngokweqile
Izakhi ezengeziwe ezinjenge-nitrogen ne-phosphates azithakwa ngokuphelele yizitshalo futhi zihlala emanzini. Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-algae ziyazisebenzisa bese ziqala ukusakazeka ku-aquarium. Ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwezinkinga ze-algal, kubalulekile ukususa izakhi zomzimba ngokweqile. Indlela elula yokwenza lokhu ukufaka esikhundleni samanzi e-aquarium. Ukwethula izakhamzimba ezibalulekile ngemuva kokususa amanani amaningi wezinhlanganisela ezithile kuyisihluthulelo sokufaka umquba kahle ku-aquarium yesitshalo.
Ukusakazeka kwezitshalo ze-aquarium
Izitshalo ku-aquarium zanda, njengomthetho, ngendlela yezitshalo: ngokusikwa, izinqubo, inzalo, futhi nangokuhlukanisa isitshalo. Izinqubo zidinga ukwehlukaniswa nesitshalo somama kuphela lapho sezisenenqwaba yezimpande ezanele. Izimbumbulu zingatholakala ngokuhlukanisa amagatsha noma ngokunqamula isiqu esikhulu. Izinhlobo ezithile zezitshalo zakha izimpande ngaphandle kokutshala emhlabathini. Zingagxila emhlabathini bese zilinda zize zithathe izimpande. Ukwahlukaniswa kwezitshalo kuyanconywa futhi entwasahlobo. Iningi lezasolwandle lisebenzisa lezi ezilula izindlela zokusakazisa kabusha, ngoba zisebenza cishe kuzo zonke izitshalo zasemanzini futhi azinzima ikakhulukazi.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili zokusakazeka kwezitshalo: imbewu kanye nokutshala izitshalo. Ukusakazwa kwemifino kungenzeka ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, njengoba kungabonakala kulesibalo:
a) ezitshalweni ezinesiqu esiqondile, ukuze sithole isiqu, ungamane usike ingxenye ephakathi kwezindawo ezimbili,
b) isitshalo sinamahlumela nezitshalo zamadodakazi. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ungasika "intambo ye-umbilical", ebabopha kwisitshalo somama, bese uthola isampula elizimele ngokuphelele,
c) ephepheni lamaqabunga ezinye izitshalo ezintantayo, emfanekisweni, emaphepheni angenamaphiko noma iklabishi lamanzi (i-Ceratopteris pteridoides), ikakhulukazi emaphethelweni, kwakhiwa izitshalo zamadodakazi. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, bayohlukana nesitshalo somama bese beqala impilo yokuzimela ebusweni bamanzi..
Izidingo Zesondlo
Imvamisa ama-aquarists angabaza ukutshala izitshalo ezinhle nezinkulu. Njengomthetho, okuhlangenwe nakho kokuhluleka kwangaphambilini kufanele kusolwe. Kepha uma ufaka i-aquarium entsha, ungeke kanjani uzame ukutshala izitshalo ngenkathi i-aquarium ingenayo inhlanzi. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ekuqaleni nje, emavikini okuqala emva kokutshala e-aquarium, izitshalo azibekezelelwa kahle futhi azikhulisi. Imvamisa, kungenzeka ukuthi awunazo izakhi zomzimba noma amapharamitha amanzi awalungile (kungenzeka ukuthi awakakulungeli). Kuyadingeka ukuhlola nokuzama konke. Kuphela uma izitshalo zingakhuli ngaphansi kwemingcele ejwayelekile yamanzi, izinga elidingekayo lokukhanyisa, inani elanele le-CO2, singafunga ukuthi bayagula.
Izitshalo eziningi zasemanzini zithola ukondliwa ngamaqabunga, kodwa hhayi zonke. Ngakho-ke, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi akuzona zonke izitshalo ezinezimpande kuphela ukuze zibe namandla emhlabathini. Isibonelo, izitshalo ezinesistimu yezimpande eyenziwe kahle (i-Amazonia echinodorus (Echinodorus amazonicus), Thai krinum (Crinum thaianum), izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-apono-ketones (I-Aponogeton) neminduze yamanzi (Nymphaea)) izokhula kangcono uma kunezelwa izengezo zenhlabathi enhlabathini. Izithasiselo ezinjalo zithengiswa ezitolo ezikhethekile. Ukuhlanganiswa komhlaba wezimbali akumele kusetshenziswe, ngoba kugcwele umanyolo. Ukweqiwa komanyolo ezitshalweni ezise-aquarium kuyingozi nje njengokuntuleka kwabo. Uma inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi lihlala e-aquarium, khona-ke okuqukethwe kwemikhiqizo yokugcina yokubola - ama-nitrate - akhiwe ngenxa yomjikelezo we-nitrogen - kuba mikhulu kakhulu kangangokuba izitshalo ngeke zisakwazi ukuzithola ngokuphelele. Kungakho-ke kudingekile ukufaka amanzi kabusha ngendlela ehlelekile, ngoba lokhu kunciphisa izinga lamanyolo ancibilikisiwe emanzini. Ngaphambi kokushintsha amanzi e-aquarium, kubalulekile ukuyeka ukufaka izitshalo umanyolo isikhashana.
Ichibi elisendaweni ephakeme yaseSri Lanka. Phezu kwamanzi ungabona amathangi aminyene we-Indian Limnophila (Limnophila indica), futhi ngaphambili i-Alocasia inkulu-rhizome (Alocasia macrorrhiza).
E-aquarium enezixhobo ezingasebenzi kahle, izindawo zamanzi ezinamazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene zingakheka. Isibonelo, uma ufuna ukugwema ukuhamba kwamanzi amaningi, ngoba kungaphazamisa ukungena kwekhabhoni dayoksi, izindawo ezihlukile zokushisa zingakheka ekhoneni le-aquarium lapho into eyodwa noma ezingaphezulu zokushisa zinikeza khona ukushisa. Inqwaba yezitshalo ayithandi ukuhluka ngokweqile okuqhubekayo nokushisa.
At ukugcina izitshalo ku-aquarium ukushisa komhlaba kungadingeka. Emvelweni, phansi kwezindawo zokugcina ezishisayo akunakubanda, ngakho-ke akufanele kube njalo e-aquarium.
Lapho kugcinwa okubizwa ngokuthi "izitshalo ze-tuber", kufanele kubhekwe isici esisodwa, ngokungafani nezinye izakhamizi eziluhlaza ze-aquarium, zidinga isikhathi sokuphumula. Izimo zokuphila zemvelo zalezi zitshalo aziphindaphindeki njengoba sicabanga njalo. Ukoma nezikhukhula kuthatha indawo komunye nomunye, ubusuku obupholile bufika ngezinsuku ezishisayo. Ngesikhathi semvula, amapharamitha wamanzi ashintsha kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezinjalo azibekezeleli ukushisa okuqhubekayo kwamanzi ku-aquarium. Izikhathi ezithile zidinga ukuphumula. Izitshalo ngokwazo zibika lokhu, lapho le nkathi iqala, ukubuna kwabo kube luhlaza. Ukuze umsebenzi obalulekile wezitshalo ezinjalo (izinhlobo ezihlukile ze-apogonetone) uhambisane nemijikelezo yemvelo, kufanele atshalwe ezimbizeni kusukela ekuqaleni. Ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwazo emanzini, la makhabhu anezitshalo abekwa emhlabathini ongezansi, kuthi lapho sekuqala isikhathi sokukhipha akhiphe.Ngalesi sikhathi, amabhodwe amasiko abekwe endishini eyisicaba ukuze amashubhu amasentimitha ambalwa ambozwe ngamanzi. Amazinga okushisa amanzi abe ese ancishiswa afinyelela ku-15 ° C. Iziqu zesitshalo ziyafa ngalesi sikhathi. Kulesi simo, ngaphandle kwe-aquarium, ama-tubers kufanele agcinwe izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezine. Ngemuva kwalokho imbiza enamasiko kumele iphinde ibekwe enhlabathini ye-aquarium.
Imifula eningizimu yeSri Lanka: I-Aponogeton rigidifolius yasakaza amahlumela ayo ngaphezulu kwamanzi apholile azolile. Ngasemuva kuneqembu le-oval ye-Lagenandra (i-Lagenandra ovata).
Yini i-herbalist
I-herbalist yisitsha samanzi esigcwele izitshalo ze-algae kanye ne-hydrophilic. Amasiko angaphansi kwamanzi kuwo angabekwa ngokungahleliwe noma ahlelwe abe ngamaqembu nezinhlobo, akha ichibi elinqunyelwe "iDutch".
I-Aquascaping nayo ibhekwa njengohlobo lwe-herbalist - indawo yokugcina enendawo yokufakelwa eyakhiwe kusuka ezitshalweni, ematsheni, emigodini nasezakhiweni zokuhlobisa ezahlukahlukene Ukudalwa kwalolu hlobo lwe-aquarium enezimbali kuwumsebenzi onzima, odinga ukutadisha ngokujulile kwezindawo ezahlukahlukene ze-aquarium nokwakhiwa.
Galela izitshalo ze-aquarium ngamanyolo
Akekho omangako ngesidingo sokondla inhlanzi. Futhi izitshalo zidinga nokudla okunempilo, ezingakwazi ukukuthola ngokugcwele e-aquarium ejwayelekile. Ngakho-ke, labo bantu basolwandle ababaluleke kakhulu ukukhula kwezitshalokufanele benze okungaphezulu kokulunga nje tshala isitshalo e-aquarium bese ulindela ukuthi luzoba nini umhlobiso omuhle wensimu yabo engaphansi kwamanzi.
Tshala Ukudla Okunomsoco ikakhulukazi kunqunywa uhlobo lokukhanya. Ukukhanya, uma kunesibuko esifanele nokuqina okuhambisanayo, kunika amandla izitshalo futhi kukhuthaza imetabolism enempilo. Lapho kukhulu ngokwengeziwe umetabolism, kukhula isidingo sesitshalo sezakhi zomzimba. Izakhi ezidingekayo izitshalo azifani. Okokuqala, ukuhlinzekelwa kwezitshalo ezinekhabhoni ngesimo se-CO2. Endaweni yesibili kukhona omanyolo bemvelo yamaminerali: lawa yi-potassium, i-magnesium, i-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-nitrogen ne-iron.
Ukondla ngensimbi ebaluleke kakhulu. Eziteshini zamanzi, i-iron ivame ukukhishwa emanzini. Kepha emvelweni ezindaweni zokugcina amanzi ezitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo kutholakala yonke indawo, imvamisa endaweni ephakeme kakhulu. Amanzi emvelo yezitshalo eziningi ze-aquarium (i-cryptocorynes) abonakala ngokuqukethwe komoya ophefumulile nokusabela okubuthakathaka kwe-alkali. Kulokhu, i-iron iqukethe uhlobo lwe-oxide hydrate ne-iron phosphate, engahlulelwa ngama-deposits ansons phansi. Omunye wemiphumela yokuntuleka kwensimbi kungaba ukucwazimula kwamaqabunga, chlorosis.
Ingabe ukuvela kwe-chlorosis yamaqabunga, kungahlolwa kusetshenziswa isivivinyo esikhethekile (isivivinyo se-Fe-test). Yilapho-ke kuphela okufanele kunqunywe khona ukuthi ngabe i-iron supplementation iyadingeka yini, nokuthi lingakanani. Esikhathini esedlule, ukuxhaswa kwensimbi okusebenzayo kubangele ubunzima obukhulu futhi kwaletha izinkinga eziningi. Lapho okuqukethwe yensimbi emanzini kuphezulu kakhulu, amakhompiyutha awo angakwazi ukuhlala ezinhlafunweni zenhlanzi ngohlobo lwamabala ansundu, ziphazamisa ukuphefumula kwawo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwamaqabunga akuvezi njalo chlorosis. Imvamisa icala lingaba ukushoda kwezinye izinto: i-magnesium noma i-manganese.
Ukungenelela kwethu kuyadingeka kuphela uma kuvela imibala kanye nokuphuzi kwamaqabunga kanye nokusungulwa kwensimbi kusungulwe. I-iron, njengomanyolo, itholakala ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene. Isibonelo, ngesimo sempuphu - ngaleli fomu incibilika ngokushesha emanzini, ngaphezu kwalokho, abazinikezeli abavumeli ukucacisa. Izinto ezenziwe ngezinto ezihlanganayo zibopha i-iron ngokuqinile kangangokuthi i-oksijini ngeke ikwazi ukukhiqiza i-oxid futhi ibanjwa kalula yizitshalo. Abanye abakhiqizi bahlinzeka ngomanyolo ngohlobo oluwuketshezi, isibonelo, i-Duplaplant yokungezelela nsuku zonke okunomsoco ovela eDupla, badinga ukufafaza amanzi e-aquarium besebenzisa ipompo le-metering yenkampani efanayo. Uhlelo lokuhlunga lweTunze (osmolator) nalo luhlinzeka ngamathuba omanyolo we-metering.
Eminyakeni yamuva ukwethulwa kwe-CO2 saphenduka “ikhambi lesimangaliso” sokwenza ama-aquarium amahle futhi asebenza ngokufanele atshalwe nezitshalo. Konke okudingekayo kulokhu kufakwa kuyathengiswa.
Okokuqala, i-diffuser ngosizo lwayo2 ngesimo se-gaseous (i-carbon dioxide) ifakwa emanzini e-aquarium. Inani le-CO elidingekayo2 kuya ngosayizi we-aquarium, ubukhulu bokukhanya, ubulukhuni bamanzi (okuphezulu kobulukhuni, kukhulu isidingo segesi) nobuningi bokutshala. Inani eliphakathi, ungathatha u-2-3 g we CO2 ngosuku ngenani lamalitha ayi-100 namanzi obulukhuni obuphakathi.
Ngakho-ke, ukuthola i-aquarium yamalitha angama-500, i-10-15 g kaphethiloli iyadingeka. Imikhiqizo yenkampani yakwaDupla icatshangwa kakhulu ngalomqondo: zikhiqiza amasilinda osayizi abayisithupha abajwayelekile (160, 300, 500, 1500, 3000 no-6000 g). Kulula ukubala ukusetshenziswa kwegesi okujwayelekile: uma siqala kusuka ku-15 g ngosuku, kusho ukuthi isilinda nge-1500 g yanele izinsuku eziyi-100. EJalimane, isilinda esingenalutho sivele sishintshaniswe siphelele endaweni ekhethekile.
Izisetshenziswa zamabhaluni zifaka igeji yokucindezela ne-valve yokunciphisa ingcindezi. Ukulungiswa okunembe kakhudlwana kokulethwa kwe-CO2 kungenziwa ngesilawuli esisebenza isikhathi eside. Ihlala iguqula futhi isetha ngokuzenzakalelayo inani le-pH ngomthamo onembile we-CO2.
Kufakwe ukufakwa okuzenzakalelayo kokunikezwa kwe-CO kwe-dosed2.
Enye ingxenye yalesi simiso (esetshenziswe ngokubambisana nokulungiswa okuqhubekayo) i-solenoid valve, ethi, ngesilinganiso sesikhathi, imisa ukuthunyelwa kwe-CO2 ebusuku, lapho inqubo yokuthanjiswa kwezitshalo iqina.
Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi emanzini ase-aquarium ahlanganiswe ne-CO2, akufanele kube khona okuqinile manje okuvezwa ngamaphampu wokuhlunga. Amanzi ahambayo azokhipha ngokushesha isikhutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-carbon dioxide ephezulu kakhulu okugxilwa kuyisihlungu sezinhlanzi, esivezwa ubunzima bazo bokuphefumula. Ubuthi bekhabhoni dioksijini kungenzeka kuphela ngenani eliphansi le-pH, ngoba ikhabhoni diokithikdi endaweni ene-acidic yehlisa inani le-pH ngaphansi kuka-7.0. Lokhu kungenzeka ekuqoqweni okungaba ngu-150 mg / L. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ukuqhudelana ngamandla kwamanzi e-aquarium kuzokhipha ikhabhoni bese kusilungisa ngokushesha leso simo. Ukubopha i-carbon dioxide emanzini, ubunzima be-carbonate okungenani 2 ° dKN buyadingeka.
Imbali yeLimnophila yasemanzini (Limnophila aquatica).
I-Ammania Senegalese Flower (Ammannia senegalensis)
I-Cardinal Lobelia imbali noma igazi leLobelia libomvu (I-Lobelia Cardinalis)
Uyayithanda i-athikili? Bhalisela isiteshi ukuze uqhubeke wazi ngezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezithakazelisa
Yiziphi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezifanele echibini lotshani
Idizayini yedamu elinezitshalo yakhiwe ngokuya ngomgomo wephaneli, okuvumela ukuthi umboze iningi lomhlaba ongaphansi kwamanzi ngombono wakho.
Izitshalo ezikhula kancane nezimboza phansi ziyavezwa:
- glossostigma
- Sitnyag
- i-lileopsis,
- ithenda ye-echinodorus,
- i-marsilia enamahlamvu amane,
- i-ricia
- Javanese moss.
Esikhathini sendawo ephakathi, hhayi mude kakhulu, kepha amakhambi angafakiwe ayabekwa, okubandakanya:
- i-alternanter
- i-hygrophil,
- Ammania Bonsai
- I-Blixa Japanese
- lobelia
- UCardamin Litara
- pogostemon
- lemongrass.
Utshani obude bulungele ukwakheka kwangemuva:
- uphondo
- ikabomba
- UCyperus Helfer
- Anubias
- i-cryptocoryne
- ludwig
- bacopa
- i-echinodorus,
- apogonetone.
Kuyadingeka ukubeka amasiko asemanzini e-aquarium futhi ucabangele izidingo zawo zokukhanya. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezibekezelela umthunzi (ngokwesibonelo, ama-anubias noma ama-cryptocorynes) zibekwe kahle emakhoneni noma ngasemaphethelweni wethangi. Izimbali ezishisayo kufanele zibekwe ngaphambili futhi uqiniseke ukuthi izihlahlana eziphakeme nezinamagatsha angaphansi kwamanzi azisifihli.
Ukwenza ithangi ngezitshalo.
Ukukhetha kabusha
Umthamo wepula yemifino akufanele ube ngaphezulu kuka-50-60 cm, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoba nzima ukunakekela i-aquasade. Kuma-aquarists okuqala, kunconywa amathangi ajikelezayo asele esevele enakho ukukhanyisa okwakhelwe ngaphakathi.
Ububanzi besitsha sengilazi bungakhethwa. Kodwa-ke, akufanele uthenge ama-aquariums angaphansi kwama-50 cm ububanzi: isikhala esincane kakhulu sizonciphisa ukubekwa kwezitshalo futhi sihlanekise ukubuka.
Ukukhanyisa okufanele
Ukukhanyiswa okuhlomele kahle yiyona nto esemqoka ebhekele ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwezimbali ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Ukuhlinzekwa kokukhanya okungaphazamiseki okunamandla amakhulu wezibani kudala ukukhula kwe-algae, okuholela ekungcoleni okusheshayo kwe-herbalist - amanzi aqala ukuqhakaza. Amahora wemini wenziwe ngendlela engakhethi kahle kufanele abe seduze nemvelo ngesikhathi futhi kufanele abe ngamahora ayi-10-12. Isikhombi samandla esifanele yi-1 W ngelitha lamanzi.
Kumalambu e-aquarium ezimibalabala, kufanele kubonakale isibuko esibomvu, sivuselele uhlaza lwezitshalo. Ama-luminaires aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka abhekene nezimbali. Amalambu abomvu abekwe ngemuva kwethangi nasenkabeni, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka - ngaphambili. Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zezitshalo, ukukhanyisa okuhlanganisiwe kunomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu.
Imithombo ekhanyayo enemibala ihlanganiswe namalambu e-fluorescent egcwele. Emini, ubukhulu bokukhanya buguquliwe, bezama ukufanisa imijikelezo yemvelo. Isibani esikhanyayo sikhanyiselwe amahora angama-4-5, bese sidluliselwa kumodi ephakathi.
Tshala I-Aquarium Filtration
I-Aquarium enezitshalo ezihlungayo.
Ukuhlunga ku-herbalist kufanele kube ngokulinganayo. Ngokuhlanjululwa kwamanzi kwanele ukufaka isihlungi se-canister yangaphandle - insiza eyindlu enefilimu yokuhlunga. Ifakwe ngaphandle kwe-aquarium, ngakho-ke ayifaneleki nokuqina okuqinile kokugeleza echibini.
Lapho usebenzisa imishini yokuhlunga yangaphandle, kubalulekile ukusetha umlawuli wamanje wamanzi ngenani elincane.
1. I-aquarium esanda kwethulwa
Imvamisa, izitshalo ezithengwa i-aquarium esanda kwethulwa zitshalwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezomile, futhi zivame ukulahla amaqabunga aphansi. Noma ngabe lezi zitshalo bezitshalwe zangena ngaphansi kwamanzi, amaqabunga awo aphansi angancibilika ngenxa yokushintsha kwekhwalithi yamanzi. Lokhu kungaholela eqinisweni lokuthi okuqukethwe yi-nitrogen emanzini kukhuphuka kakhulu. Uma isihlungi, njenge-aquarium, siqala ukusuka ekuqaleni, isimo sezinto eziphilayo ngaphakathi kuso asikwanele ukuhlanzwa kwamanzi, ngakho-ke ikhwalithi yamanzi ngokuvamile ayingazinzi. Izitshalo ze-aquarium ezisanda kutshalwa aziqali ngokushesha ukukhula futhi zisuse izakhi zomzimba, zibambe. Zonke lezi zinto zidala izimo lapho i-algae ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, kuyadingeka ukususa i-nitrogen eyeqile, okwenzelwa kuyo ushintsho lwamanzi. Izinguquko zamanzi ezikhuthele zinxephezela ukungabi bikho kokusebenza kokuhlunga kwendalo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhuthaza ukukhula kwezitshalo nokuqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo zidla umsoco ukuze kwakhiwe izimo lapho i-algae ingakhuli kahle. IGreen Bramandla STEP1 ngumanyolo owuketshezi ofanele lesi sikhathi. Le yingxube elungelelaniswe kahle yezakhi ezahlukahlukene zokulandela umkhondo ezidingekayo ekuthuthukiseni amahlumela nezimpande ezintsha. Umuthi unesandla ekuhlumeni kwezithombo ezintsha ezinempilo. Ingasetshenziswa ngaphandle kokukhathalela ukuvuselela ukukhula kwe-algae, ngoba ayinayo i-nitrogen, phosphate ne-potassium.
Ukunakekelwa Kwamakhambi
Ukunakekela ingadi ye-aquarium kuyafana nokugcina izitshalo zasendlini noma zasengadini. I-Aquaflora idinga ne-substrate yezakhi, umanyolo wamaminerali, ukusikwa njalo nokususwa kwamahlumela anezifo noma abolile. Ukuze uqalise, ungabuka amavidiyo wokufundisa ukukala ubukhulu bomsebenzi oluzayo. Njengoba uthola isipiliyoni, ukunakekela i-herbalist ngeke kudale ubunzima.
Amanzi endaweni yokugcina amanzi yemifino aguqulwa njalo ngezinsuku ezingama-7-10 ngendlela efanayo nasendlini yokudoba enezinhlanzi. Ukubuyisela uketshezi kukuvumela ukuthi usebenzise ngokweqile kwento yezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukukhipha ngokuphelele amanzi ukuze ugweme ukuphazamiseka kokulingana kwemvelo emzimbeni wamanzi. Ukukhishwa ⅓ kwendawo ewuketshezi.
Into ebalulekile ukukhula nokukhula kwezitshalo ukugcina izinga lokushisa likububanzi + 24 ... + 26 ° С. Ukubanda kubambezela ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli, futhi ukushisa ngokweqile kuphakamisa ukugeleza kwamanzi.
Okwethangi elinamakhambi, inani eliphezulu le-carbonate, hhayi ubulukhuni bebonke baphakathi kwe-liquid kukhethiwe. Ngenye indlela, ibizwa ngokuthi ukuqina kwesikhashana noma i-alkalinity. Isikhombi esijwayelekile siyizinga le-3 kuya ku-6 dKH. Ukomelela kunqunywa izinsimbi ezikhethekile noma imichilo yokuhlola.
I-Carbon dioxide
Nikeza i-carbon dioxide e-aquarium ngezitshalo.
I-CO2 igesi ebaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni njengo-oxygen. Lokhu kungokwakha okuyinhloko kwamaseli ezitshalo. Ezilondolozini zemvelo, ukugxilwa kwayo kusukela ku-5-30 mg / l, okujwayelekile. Emanzini, izinga lekhabhoni lehla kakhulu noma lifinyelela ku-zero.
Ukuze ulondoloze ukugcwala okuqhubekayo kwe-carbon dioxide kuma-herbalists amakhulu, kuhlinzekwa ngokufakelwa kusetshenziswa ukufakwa kwe-balloon noma ama-generator we-CO2.
Igesi inganikezwa kumathangi we-nano-tank anensimbi efinyelela ku-20 l ngokungeza inani elincane lamanzi akhazimulayo.
Isigatshana
I-primer yezitshalo ze-aquarium kumele ibe nezendlalelo eziningana zesakhiwo esihlukile:
- isakhi esingumsoco
- umhlabathi ocebile wezakhi
- umugqa ongathathi hlangothi.
Ukuphakama kwengqimba yenhlabathi kungahluka kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-6 cm, kuya ngenani lezitshalo nosayizi we-aquarium. I-substrate eyiyo inesakhiwo esisele, ayizikhiphi izinto zakwamanye amazwe zibe yi-liquid ephakathi futhi ayithinti izinga lobulukhuni bamanzi.
Inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo ye-herbalist, ethengiswa ezitolo zezilwane, isivele inokunikezwa okufanele kwezakhi zomzimba. Uma inhlabathi "ingenalutho", okungukuthi, iqukethe izinto zokwenziwa, awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo. Umanyolo we-Organic kanye namaminerali akhiqizwa ngohlobo lwamaphilisi, i-granules, amaphilisi asetshenziswa njengokugqoka okuphezulu. Zenziwa ngokuya ngemiyalo ekhonjiswe ngumenzi kwiphakheji. Ungathenga izengezo ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Ukunakekelwa kwe-substrate kuqukethe ekuhlanzeni kwayo njalo ukungcola kanye nezingxenye ezifile zezitshalo usebenzisa i-siphon. Ngonyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokuhlelwa kwe-aquarium, inhlabathi ayihlanzwa: ngalesi sikhathi, i-ecosystem eyenziwe ngobuciko ithatha izakhiwo ezidingekayo. Ukubuyiselwa komhlaba okuphelele kwenziwa ngesikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni emi-5.
3. I-Aquarium enezitshalo ezinesistimu enezimpande eqinile
I-Echinodorus kanye ne-Cryptocoryne yizinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhulayo, ezisabalalisa izimpande ezinamandla ku-substrate. Lapho uhlela i-substrate, i-Power Sand ehlanganiswe isebenza njengomanyolo oyisisekelo, ihlinzeka njalo izakhi zezitshalo. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni ezinesistimu yezimpande ekhuliswe kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, njengoba izitshalo ezinjalo zikhula njalo, izakhi zomzimba ziya ngokuya zincipha. Izakhamzimba kufanele zengezwe ngaphambi kokuba zinyamalale ngokuphelele. I-Iron Bottom ne-Multi ngezansi zihlala ziseduze ngezinhloso ezinjalo. Lawa manyolo aqinile enduku angabekwa kalula kwi-substrate. Sincoma ukuthi ubangeze izinyanga eziyisithupha unyaka ngemuva kokwethulwa kwe-aquarium.
Ibhodlela elilula nge-dispenser
Ukuhlinzeka ngomanyolo wamanyolo weviki kanye ngeviki akuyona inketho enhle yezitshalo ze-aquarium ngokufaka kabusha umsoco odingekayo. Kubalulekile ukuthi zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo zihlale zikhona ngesilinganiso esidingekayo ngaphandle kokusalayo. Uma inani elikhulu lomanyolo lingezwa ngasikhathi sinye, okweqile kuzosetshenziswa i-algae engafuneki. Kungakuhle ukwenza wonke umsoco odingekayo ngezingxenye ezincane ngaso sonke isikhathi.Okwengeziwe ukwengeza nsuku zonke inani lomanyolo izitshalo ezingazisebenzisa ngosuku olulodwa. Ibhodlela eline-Br Brith dispenser lihlala likhona ngalezi zinhloso. Umthamo wansuku zonke ku-milliliters ukhonjiswa ngebhodlela ngalinye lomanyolo ochungechungeni lweBrother. Lomthamo uwukuncoma okujwayelekile kwe-aquarium yemifino ejwayelekile. Umthamo wangempela ungahluka ngokuya ngevolumu yezitshalo kanye nezimo zokukhula kwazo (Bheka imiyalo enamathiselwe kulungiselelo oluthile). Umshini ngamunye wekhanda elihambisa ibhodlela usabalalisa cishe i-1 ml. Inani elifunekayo lomanyolo lilinganiswa ngokubala okulula kompompi kwi-dispenser. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi wenze inani elilinganayo lomanyolo ngaphandle kokudlula noma umthamo onganele, ovimbela ukuthuthukiswa kwe-algae ngenxa yokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwezakhi zomzimba. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufaka umanyolo nsuku zonke ngokuqapha njalo ngesimo sezitshalo ze-aquarium.
1. Anubias
Ama-Anubias ajwayelekile phakathi kwabathanda i-aquarium, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yezidingo eziphansi zezimo zokuboshwa. I-Anubias isitshalo esibekezelela umthunzi; ngoba ukutshalwa kwaso, amalambu anamandla nokuhlinzekwa okwengeziwe kwe-CO2 akudingeki. Enye yezinto ezikhangayo ze-Anubias ukuthi asikho isidingo sokutshala isitshalo emhlabathini. Ngokuphambene nalokho, kuyenqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukumba enhlabathini i-rhizome enempilo ye-Anubias. Lesi sitshalo singaguqulwa kumasiga, amatshe, imihlobiso. Kunezindlela ezinkulu nezincane.
Ngenxa yamaqabunga aqine kakhulu, cishe iyona kuphela izinhlobo ezingamelana nokuhlaselwa kwama-cichlid amaningi ne-golffish, ngakho-ke kungatholakala njalo ezindaweni zasemanzini ezinenhlanzi ezifanayo.
2. Javanese moss
IJavanese moss iyona evame kakhulu i-aquarium moss. Ngenxa yokungacabangi kwayo nokukhula ngokushesha, isetshenziswa yibo bobabili abasebenza ngama-amateurs nabasebenza kahle. Amaqabunga ayo avulekile, akhumbuza umqhele wesihlahla ekude, asetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ekwakhiweni kwamachibi okufakelwa, kanye nasehlelweni lwasemanzini asabekayo. I-Moss ibekwa phansi phansi ukuze amaqanda angayi ekudleni kwasemini kwabazali abasanda kwenziwa.
Iziqu zeJavanese moss zingafinyelela amasentimitha ayi-17 ubude futhi zimbozwe ngento encane (hhayi ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2 ubude) amaqabunga aluhlaza anamabala. Ngosizo lwama-rhizoid angaabonakali, ifakwa cishe kunoma iyiphi indawo - isitshalo asidingi ukuthi sitshale emhlabathini.
Lolu hlobo lwe-moss luzizwa luhle ekushiseni okungu-22-27 ° C, emanzini ngobulukhuni be-2-15 dGH kanye ne-pH yezinga le-6.0-7.5. Ukukhula ngokushesha kuyashukunyiswa ngokukhanyisa kanye nokusetshenziswa okwengeziwe kwe-CO2.
Amaqabunga e-Javanese moss athande amanzi ahlanzekile - ukumiswa kungahlala ebusweni besitshalo, kuvale ama-pores futhi kuphazamise ukuhamba kwezakhi zomzimba. Ngakho-ke, kudingeka ukuhlunga ama-aquariums nge-Javanese moss.
Ukuze ukhiqizwe kabusha, ikolony ye-moss yanele ukuhlukanisa izingcezu futhi kuthuthelwe endaweni entsha. Futhi, ochwepheshe batusa ukuthi kunciphise amathawula ngezikhathi ezithile futhi basuse amagatsha lapho ulwelwe luzinze khona - kulokhu, ukhaphethi oluhlaza uzobukeka kahle.
3. Elodea
Enye isivakashi esivame ukwenziwa ezindaweni ezihlala abantu abaqala ukusebenzisa i-Elodea. Amahlumela awo aluhlaza aluhlaza akhula ngokushesha (ikakhulukazi ngesilinganiso esanele sokukhanyisela ne-CO2 supply) futhi alungele isiqalo sokuqala se-aquarium.
Iziqu ezinde ezihlotshiswe kakhulu ezinamaqabunga aluhlaza okotshani ziheha iso futhi zisebenza njengendawo yokuhlala ethembekile yezinhlanzi ezinamahloni futhi ezinakekelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Elodea isihlungi semvelo esisebenzayo esihlanza amanzi kwizinto ezingcolile ezibalulekile.
Izwe lezinhlobonhlobo eziningi ze-elodea yiNyakatho Melika, ngakho-ke alisetshenziselwa ukuthola amanzi afudumele kakhulu, lapho eshisa ngokweqile, ukukhula kuncipha futhi izimo zezempilo ziya zisiba zimbi. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lokukhula kwalo ngu-16-24 ° C ngamaconsi angavamile kuya ku-12 ° C. Kepha lesi sitshalo sibekezelela kalula amanzi athambile nalukhuni, singakhona ngaphandle kokulungiswa emhlabathini.
Ukukhula okusheshayo kufaka isandla ekutheni i-elodea ithambekele ekufakweni kwezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezivela e-aquarium, ngakho-ke inani layo kufanele lilawulwe futhi, uma kunesidingo, lisuse ngokweqile. Ngenqubo yokuthena, isitshalo sinconywa ukuthi sitshaleke esitsheni esihlukile, ngoba ujusi wawo uqukethe izinto ezingaba yingozi kubo bonke abahlali base-aquarium.
4. Hornwort
Iziqu ezide zophondo, ezimbozwe ngamahlamvu anjengezinaliti, zisakazeka masinyane kuso sonke isitsha, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo sikulungele kahle ukuqala i-aquarium futhi silungise ibhalansi yezinto eziphilayo kuyo. Emvelweni, ikhula emanzini amile ngokujula kwamamitha ayi-9, futhi ngenxa yalokho izizwa ikhululekile kunoma iyiphi imvelo.
Ama-aquarists angamava ayakwazisa ngezakhiwo zayo ezinhle zokuhlunga. I-Hornwort ihlanza amanzi kumakhompiyutha e-nitrogen, ukugxila okuphezulu okungafaka ubuthi kwezinhlanzi.
Enye yezinketho eziphikelelayo kakhulu zokubuka i-aquarium, ibekezelela kalula amazinga ahlukile wobulukhuni ne-acidity yamazinga, ukukhanya okuhlukile kokushisa kanye nokushisa okujwayelekile kwekamelo, akudingi ukugqokwa okukhethekile okuphezulu kanye nokunikezwa kwe-CO2. Akanazimpande nhlobo, futhi ukuze kuqiniswe emhlabathini, kusetshenziswa amahlumela we-rhizoid asetshenzisiwe.
Ngenqubo yokuhlunga kwamanzi, i-Hornwort ithambekele ekuqongeleleni imfucumfucu ebusweni, ngakho-ke kufanele igezwe ngokucophelela ngezikhathi ezithile.
5. Ricci
I-Riccia isitshalo esiluhlaza esimnandi, isivakashi esivame ukuqubuka emanzini. Kusatshalaliswa kahle emizimbeni yamanzi ehamba kancane cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi.
I-Riccia ingeyeqembu le-Hepatic mosses, ngakho-ke ayinazo izitho ezijwayelekile zezitshalo, ezifana nesiqu namaqabunga. Umzimba umelelwa yi-thallus, noma i-thallus, futhi ngokubukeka kufana nenani elikhulu lamagatsha aluhlaza afinyelela ku-1 mm obukhulu obuhlanganisiwe. Izicubu zezitshalo ziqukethe umoya omningi, ngakho-ke i-riccia igcina ingaphezulu kwamanzi futhi in ezimweni ezinhle ikwazi ukwakha iziqhingi ezintantayo kakhulu eziluhlaza okotshani.
Izimo zokugcina i -ukaa zinzima. Ngokuvamile, lesi sitshalo sivumelana kahle nobubanzi obubanzi bamapharamitha. I-aquarium eshisayo iyadingeka lapho izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ku-22-29 ° C. Kungcono uma amanzi ethambile (2-8 dGH) futhi acishe angathathi hlangothi (pH
7.0). Isici esibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwe -aa ukutholakala kokukhanya okwanele. Ezimweni zokuntuleka kokukhanya, i-moss ihlukana ibe ngamagatsha ahlukene.
Kuyafaneleka futhi ukunaka ubumsulwa bamanzi asemanzini. Ukumiswa okuhle kwendalo, ukuhlala emaqabungeni, kungaholela ekuvinjelweni kwesitshalo.
Imvamisa, i-ricchia isetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwe-aquariums ukuze i-fry ithole indawo ephephile. Kodwa ama-aquascapers amaningi ayakujabulela ukusebenzisa izimfanelo eziphezulu zokuhlobisa zalesi moss sesibindi emsebenzini wazo. I-Riccia izoba yisitshalo esihle sokugqoka izambatho zegolide nezaseMalawi, futhi izokwakha ukukhanya okuthe xaxa uma kunesidingo kwezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo. Kwesinye isikhathi i-richchia isetshenziswa njengendawo eyisisekelo ngaphambili kwe-aquarium.
6. IWallisneria
IVallisneria isitshalo esidumile eminyakeni yamuva nje yokwakhiwa kwamachibi okufakelwa. Amacembe ayo acinene futhi amade njenge-ribbon ahamba kahle emfuleni wamanzi futhi angakhula afinyelele kumitha ubude.
Ngokuya ngohlobo nobukhulu besihlahla, singatshalwa ngemuva kwe-aquarium, sisebenza njengengadi yangemuva, futhi ngaphambili - inhlobo yemifino noma eyindilinga ibukeka imangalisa lapha.
Uhlelo lwezimpande luthuthukiswe impela - lokhu kwehlukanisa i-vallisneria ezitshalweni eziningi zasemanzini. Ngakho-ke, le nhlobo idinga ukufika emhlabathini futhi ayibekezeleli indawo enezindawo ezinezinhlanzi ezingalimaza izimpande. Ngaphandle kwalokho, ayifuni ngemibandela yokuboshwa; iyakhula futhi ikhule ebangeni lokushisa elibanzi (ukusuka ku-18 kuye ku-32 ° C), ngokuqina okuphakathi kanye nobuthakathaka (noma ukungathathi hlangothi).
Amaqabunga eVallisneria amade kakhulu angagcwalisa yonke indawo ye-aquarium, avimbele ukukhanya ukungena ngaphakathi, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukhula emathangeni ngezikhathi ezithile, ususa amaqabunga akhula kakhulu.
7. Ambulia
I-Ambulia (iLimnophila yasemanzini) isitshalo esikhulu esihle. Uma kunesikhala samahhala esanele e-aquarium, yakha amathikithi aminyene. Esiqwini eside futhi esiminyene esiqinile, kunamaqabunga amaningi abunjwe ngenaliti enza izembozo ezixakile noma isambulela, ububanzi bawo kwesinye isikhathi sifinyelela ku-12 cm. Ukuphakama kweziqu kokuqukethwe kwasekhaya ngokuvamile akudluli isigamu semitha, ngokwemvelo isitshalo sinokuphakama okufika kumamitha.
I-Ambulia isihlungi esihle semvelo esizokusiza uhlanze i-aquarium yento emisiwe nokungcola.
Lapho ugcina i-ambulia ezimanzini, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi inomjikelezo wayo wansuku zonke: kusihlwa amaqabunga ayo ayagoqwa, futhi isitshalo sitheke amahora amaningi, futhi ekuseni izambulela zivuleke futhi. Imodi yokuqina nokukhanyisa empeleni ayithinti isheduli yomsebenzi wama-limnopholi.
Izimpande zesitshalo zikhula kahle, ngakho-ke, lapho zibekwa endaweni ye-aquarium, i-limnophile itshalwe emhlabathini. Kuthangi, kwanele ukugcina amazinga okushisa ebangeni ukusuka ku-+22 kuya ku- + 28ºº, kanye ne-acidity engathathi hlangothi. Ubulukhuni bamanzi abubalulekanga ikakhulukazi. Lapho imingcele iphambuka ibheke phezulu, isitshalo sinciphisa ukukhula, nombala waso siba paler, kepha i-ambulia ikwazi ukusinda kulezo zimo isikhathi esifushane.
Izinhlanzi ezi-Herbivorous, ezihehwa ngamahlamvu obuthakathaka, ziyingozi enkulu kuyo. Kodwa-ke, ngokudla okuhle, izilwane zakho ezifuywayo zizobhubhisa kuphela amahlumela aqhekezwe ngokungakhethi, ngaphandle kokuphula ubuqotho besitshalo esinempilo.
8. Indian fern
I-Indian fern - engathandeki kakhulu kwezinhlobo zasemanzini zefern. Iziqu zawo ezibanzi nezihlanganisiwe, amacembe avulekile abukeka kahle e-aquarium ngaphambili. Umbala wamaqabunga uhluka kusuka kokukhanya okukhanyayo kuya ku-emerald.
Ikhula kahle ngisho nangaphandle kwenhlabathi, kepha uhlelo lwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe lubandakanya ukutshala endaweni esemncane. I-fern ikubekezelela ukuguquguquka kwezinga lokushisa kahle: izwa kahle ku- + 25ºº, kepha noma ngabe iphambuka kakhulu kulesi sikhombisi ayifi, kepha imane inciphisa ukukhula. Ubulukhuni bamanzi kugcinwa kangcono kakhulu kuze kufinyelele ku-6 dGH, kanye nokugcina i-acidity ephansi.
9. I-Hygrophil
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-hygrophils azidingi ukudala izimo ezikhethekile zokukhula. Ema-aquariums, izinhlobo zezilwane ezithandwa kakhulu zivela eSoutheast Asia.
Ama-hygrophils ayizitshalo eziqinile ezinezimfanelo ezinhle zokuhlobisa. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu, i-hygrophil enezinhlobonhlobo eziningi, zikwazi ukukhula zibe ngamasentimitha angama-50. Amaqabunga amade ahlelwe ngamabili. Ikhuphuka kahle ezingxenyeni zehlumela, ngoba lokhu kwanele ukusika igatsha ngobunono. Isitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ama-hygrophils awafuneki enhlabathini, alula, futhi futhi awungeke ubakhele okungeziwe kwe-CO2. Zisetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuhlobisa isizinda se-aquarium. Izinga lokukhula liphezulu.
10. Kladofora
I-Kladofora - isitshalo se-aquarium esingajwayelekile. Okokuqala, ukwakheka kwaso kuyadonsela ukunaka. Ngaphezu kobuhle, lesi sitshalo sibuye sibe yi-biofilter yangempela: kancane sipompa amanzi amaningi uqobo, ngakho-ke ibhola kufanele ligezwe njalo.
Ububanzi be-cladophore ku-aquarium ngokuvamile abudluli ku-6 cm. Ukukhuthazela kwale alga yamakoloni kumane kumangalisa. Uzwa kahle emanzini athambile futhi alukhuni. Umkhawulo kuphela ukuthi ama-cladophore awathandi ukushisa, ngenxa yokuthi ibhola alikwazi ukubamba ukwakheka kwalo bese lihlukana. IKladofora ibekezelela kalula ukoma isikhathi eside.
Ukuqina kokukhanyisa nakho akubalulekanga ngokuphelele esitshalweni. Kodwa-ke, i-kladofora ayithandi amanzi angcolile. Izinhlayiya ze-organic ezintantayo emanzini zihlala kulesi sitshalo bese ziba zimbi kakhulu isimo sazo.
I-cladophore isakazeka ngezingxenye zekoloni, kepha, izinga layo lokukhula lihamba kancane kakhulu.
Isiphetho
Ekuphetheni, ngingathanda ukuqaphela iphuzu elibalulekile. Yize lezi zitshalo ezingenhla ziyizilwane ezingenakukholwa, kepha ukuzinakekela okuncane kuyadingeka. Ungakhohlwa ukuqhuba ukugcinwa kwe-aquarium njalo, ukuhlinzeka ngezinga elifanele lokukhanya bese ukondla izitshalo ngezikhathi ezithile ngomanyolo onzima, isibonelo, iTetra PlantaMin. Futhi-ke ingadi yakho engaphansi kwamanzi kungekudala izaphenduka ekhoneni elihle eliluhlaza.