IMelanochromis auratus (ngesiLatini: Melanochromis auratus) noma upholi wegolide ungomunye wamakhilogremu eLake Malawi.

Yini ejwayelekile kuma-auratus - insikazi nabesilisa banombala ohlukile, abesilisa banomzimba omnyama ngemivimbo ephuzi nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti izintokazi ziphuzi ngemivimbo emnyama.

Umbala onjalo wenza impilo ibe lula kwabasolwandle, ngoba kubonakala kahle lapho umuntu angagwema khona ukulwa phakathi kwabesilisa.

Ukuphila endalweni

UMelanochromis auratus wachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka we-1897. Kugcwele eLake Malawi e-Afrika. Ihlala ogwini oluseningizimu, ukusuka e-Yalo reef kuya eNkota Kota, nasentshonalanga eCrocodile Rocks.

IGolden Parrot ingenye yamacichlidi okuqala ase-Afrika athengiswa. Ungowomndeni wama-cichlids abizwa ngokuthi i-mbuna, lapho kunezinhlobo eziyi-13 ezihlukaniswa ngumsebenzi nangobudlova.

UMbuna, ngolimi lwezakhamizi zaseMalawi kusho izinhlanzi ezihlala emadwaleni. Leli gama lichaza kahle okuthandwayo endaweni yokuhlala kwe-auratus, ngoba ngaphandle kwabo kukhona ne-duck - inhlanzi ehlala emanzini avulekile.

Kutholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamadwala. Emvelweni, i-mbuna yakhiwa yimindeni yesithembu enowesilisa nowesifazane abaningana.

Iziduna ezingenasikhala nezinsikazi zihlala zodwa, noma ziduka ngamaqembu ezinhlanzi ezingama-8-10.

Bazondla kakhulu ngokuqhakaza kukhula emadwaleni, bazinqume ezindaweni ezinzima. Yidla nezinambuzane, iminenke, ipulankton, gazinga.

Ukubukeka

I-melanochromis inomzimba ophakeme, amehlo amakhulu nomlomo omncane. Kukhona izinto ezivuthayo emlonyeni zokusika i-algae. I-dorsal fin yinde, i-translucent. Ama-auraratus melanochromis anemibala emnyama. Imichilo evundlile edlula kuwo wonke umzimba iphuzi. E-fin caudal fin kukhona izindawo ezimnyama. Izinsikazi ziphuzi ngombala ngomucu omnyama, umsila ulula namabala amnyama. Dorsal fin yellow ngamabala amnyama. E-aquarium enabesifazane kuphela, izici zobesilisa zivela kumuntu ngamunye ovelele.

Ubunzima kokuqukethwe

Izinhlanzi zasemanzini asethuthukile nabanolwazi. Ama-parrots egolide anolaka kakhulu, ikakhulukazi abesilisa, futhi awawafanele ngokuphelele ama-aquariums ajwayelekile.

Kufanele zigcinwe noma amanye ama-cichlid ngokungafani nawo, noma nezinhlanzi ezisheshayo ezihlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu zamanzi, noma ngokwahlukana. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, basheshe bazivumelanise, badle kahle futhi bazalwe kalula.

I-Auratus ingabizwa ngokuthi yinkimbinkimbi ekunakekelweni kwezinhlanzi, ayihambelani nabaqalayo. Iqiniso ngukuthi lezi zinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi abesilisa, zinendawo futhi zinolaka.

Ama-aquarists aseNovice ajwayele ukuzithenga lezi zinhlanzi, kodwa abese ethola ukuthi azibulala zonke ezinye izinhlanzi emanzini. Abesilisa ngokuphelele ababekezeleli abanye abesilisa nezinhlanzi ezifanayo ngokubukeka kwabo.

Yize zingezikhulu ezinkulu ngosayizi, ngokwesilinganiso esingu-11 cm, kuyaqabukela ngaphezulu, kubonakala sengathi, kuvelaphi intukuthelo engaka.

Ngasikhathi sinye, izinsikazi nazo zixabana kakhulu futhi zinamaphutha. Uma ungeke uzaluse, kungcono ukugcina izinsikazi eziningana e-aquarium eyodwa. Azifuthumeli kangako futhi uma kungekho abesilisa bekwazi ukuguqula umbala wabo ube umbala wesilisa, okungukuthi, ngaphandle baba ngabesilisa.

Owesifazane ovelele uyabuya abe owesilisa, bese kuthi owesifazana wonke abe ngumbala ojwayelekile. Abesilisa abavamile kakhulu, kodwa futhi bashintsha umbala ngaphansi kowesifazane.

Ukuthandwa kwalethwa kubo ngombala ogqamile - igolide elinemivimbo emnyama neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

I-Melanochromis auratus - ukudla

Isisekelo sokudla okungokwemvelo kwe-auratus ziyi-algae egcwele ngokuphelele ukwakheka kwamatshe angaphansi kwamanzi, nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinto ezincanyana zasemanzini ezihlala phakathi kwalezi zifebe njengengxenye eyengeziwe yamaprotheni.

Ku-aquarium, i-algae ingabamba ngempumelelo i-lettuce, i-dandelion, isipinashi ne-parsley, kanye nophizi kanye ne-oats entshontshiwe. Ngamanani amancane, ungapha isinkwa esimnyama namhlophe. Ukudla kwezilwane - i-corvette, i-daphnia, i-enchitrea nama-bloodworms kufanele kube ukwengeza ekudleni kwemifino. I-supplement enhle ingaba ukudla okwomile okusezingeni eliphezulu okwakhelwe ngokukhethekile ama-cichlids e-herbivorous.
Ukujwayela ukudla okunje, izimbuna azisenandaba nokuhlobisa izitshalo zasemanzini.
Ngokwengxenye enkulu, ukudla kwe-auratus kufanele kube nokudla kwezitshalo, ngoba ngokubhekela kokudla kwezilwane ekudleni, kungenzeka ukuthi kube nobuthi obunamaprotheni ongaholela ekufeni kwenhlanzi.

Ukuzala melanochromis we-auratus

UMelanochromis Auratus Izala kahle e-aquarium.
Esikhathini sokuqhuma, umbala weduna uqhakaza kakhudlwana. Owesifazane ulungele ukudazuluka ubhukuda esifundeni sawo futhi ubeka amaqanda angaba ngu-40, emva kwalokho uwafaka emlonyeni wakhe. Ngemuva kwalokho kuvuselela owesilisa ukuba bavunde. Ngemuva kokuba isidoda sidedele isidoda, insikazi ithatha umlomo wayo, ngenxa yalokho, amaqanda ayahlanganiswa.

Ngemuva kwamaviki amathathu, gazinga okwakheke ngokugcwele bazalwa. Okungakudluliswa ngokushesha nge-nauplii brine shrimp noma ukudla okomile okufrywe. Izinsuku zokuqala zensikazi ziqapha amazinyane ayo, okuvumela ukuthosa ukucasha emlonyeni wazo uma kungenzeka kube nengozi. Kuzoba lula ukuthi uFry asinde aze akhule, uma unendawo eningi yokuphephela e-aquarium lapho ungacasha khona kunhlanzi zabantu abadala. Imvamisa, amasonto amathathu emva kokuzalwa kwe-Auratus ikhula ibe ngamasentimitha ayi-2,5.

I-Juvenile melanochromis auratus

Ngokukhetha umphakathi ofanele wezinhlanzi zemifino ngosayizi, umbala nokufudumala, ungakha iqoqo eliqinile lama-cichlidi aseMalawi e-aquarium eyodwa enkulu.
Amanye ama-olwandle aseluleka ukutshala izinhlanzi ezincane ezinkulukazi ezifana ne-iris, ukusabalalisa ulaka lwabesilisa, e-auratus.

Njengamanje, njengesiwukuphela kweLake Malawi, melanochromis auratus isencwadini ebomvu ye-International Union for Conservation of Nature, ngaphansi kwesimo se-LC (Least Concern), okusho ukuthi le nhlobo ayisongelwa ngokuqothulwa.

I-Auratus

Abesilisa nabesifazane be-auratus (Melanochromis auratus), owaziwa nangokuthi nguGolden Mbuna, bahlukile ngombala, ngakho-ke abaningi bafuna ukubona abantu bobabili ubulili e-aquarium yabo. Lezi zinhlanzi zibhekana kalula nokufiphana okungafuneki kwe-algal, esikhundleni sePlekostomus enkulu noma ezinye izakhamizi. Futhi, iMelanochromis auratus ivame ukuzala kabusha kuma-aquariums asekhaya, kepha, ngoba inolaka olukhulu, idinga isikhala esiningi. Ukunakekela abamele le nhlobo yezilwane kubhekwa njengokulukhuni ngesizotha. Imvamisa, abaqalayo, bethenga inhlanzi, bathola ukuthi ichitha izakhamizi ezisele ze-aquarium. Ukuze kunakekelwe ngempumelelo owesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane abaningi, okungenani amalitha angama-200 amanzi nendawo enendawo enkulu yezindawo lapho angacasha khona kungadingeka. Amanye ama-ararist ancoma ukubopha izinhlanzi ezincanyana ezinama-nimble, ngokwesibonelo, i-iris, ku-auratus, ukusabalalisa ulaka lwabesilisa. UMelanochromis auratus wayengomunye wama-cichlid ase-aquarium wokuqala.

Habitat
IMelanochromis auratus yachazwa nguGeorge Bulecane ngonyaka we-1897 futhi isisondele eLake Malawi, elise-Afrika. Le nhlanzi ihlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yaleli chibi, emkhakheni ohlanganiswe yi-Yalo Reef nengxenye esenyakatho yeNhota Kota, ugu olusentshonalanga kanye namatshe engwenya. Izinhlobo lezi azitholakali ngasogwini lolwandle olusempumalanga. I-Auratus ithanda izindawo ezinamadwala futhi idla ulwelwe emanzini.

Isimo:
IMelanochromis auratus iseNcwadini Ebomvu ye-International Union for Conservation of Nature, kodwa ngaphansi kwesimo se-LC (Least Concern), okusho ukuthi lolu hlobo kungenzeka ukuthi lubekeke engcupheni. Ukubukeka I-Auratus ihlukaniswa yi-muzzle ende, umlomo omfishane ne-dorsal fin ende. Owesilisa nowesifazane bahluke kakhulu ngombala - owesilisa owesilisa uqulekile futhi unephuzi. Iphinde ibe namachashazi amnyama afaka umugqa. Umbala wesondo lowesilisa usuka kwegolide uye ephuzi elimnyama, kanti wonke umzimba upendiwe umnyama. Futhi, umugqa omncane ophuzi onomngcele ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ugijimela kuwo wonke umzimba kusuka emehlweni kuya ezinjinini ezingemuva. Umsila upendewe mnyama maphakathi nendawo futhi ophuzi emaphethelweni. Amaphiko wangemuva amnyama ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Umzimba wowesifazane ikakhulukazi wegolide ngombala ne-dorsal fin paint egolide emnyama emaphethelweni. Umhlane nawo umnyama. Umugqa omnyama onomugqa omhlophe noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ugijimela kuwo wonke umzimba kusuka emehlweni kuya ezinhlafunweni zangemuva. Umsila wowesifazane umhlophe unamachashazi amnyama phezulu negolide ezansi. Amaphiko asele nawo apendwe ngegolide.

Owesilisa nowesifazane uMelanochromis auratus.

Owesifazane i-Auratus.

Owesifazane we-Auratus ngo-fry emlonyeni wakhe

Abantu abasha babukeka behlukile. Isisu saso sinombala wegolide, kanti ishubhu elingaphezulu limhlophe ngemivimbo emithathu emnyama. Le mivimbo ihlelwe kanjena: enye phakathi kwesiqu, enye emuva nangeyokugcina eceleni kwengxenye ephezulu yecala eliphakeme. Umbala womsila ufana nombala womsila wowesifazane osemdala, yize kunamacala wokuthi esikhundleni samachashazi amnyama kukhona imivimbo engu-diagonal kuwo (imvamisa kusuka ezinyangeni ezintathu kuya kweziyi-5 zokuphila). Umbala wesilisa we-auratus uqala ukushintsha ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Onke ama-cichlid anento eyodwa afanayo ngayo nezinye izinhlanzi zasemanzini, ezinjengeNapoleon neSkara - ngaphezu kwamazinyo ajwayelekile, inhlanzi inerowu eyengeziwe yamazinyo akhule kahle emphinjeni. Futhi, ama-cichlid emhlane wazo zonke izidalwa ezinama-spikes, inhloso yawo kungukuxosha izisulu ezidla ezinye. Izingxenyeni zangaphambili zamaphiko zithambile impela futhi, ngenxa yazo, ama-cichlid aqondeka kakhulu futhi ahamba emanzini ngaphandle komzamo omningi, yize lawo mafutha anciphisa ijubane lezinhlanzi. Esifukweni sezikhokho kukhona emakhaleni ama-2, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlanzi eziningi, ezinamakhala amabili ohlangothini ngalunye. Ukuhogela amanzi, ama-cichlid amunca bese akhulula "isampula" emuva kwesikhathi esithile esidingekayo ekuboneni iphunga. Lesi sici sihlanganisa ama-cichlid nezinhlanzi ezigwinya zasolwandle ngakho-ke kunesizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi abamele le mindeni bayizinhlobo ezihlobene.

I-Auratusa imvamisa ayifiki amasentimitha ayi-11 ubude, kepha kuma-aquariums wasekhaya angaba makhulu.

Ukunakekelwa Nokudla

I-Melanochromis auratus yengxenye enkulu yi-herbivore ukuze noma yiziphi izitshalo ezengezwa yi-aquarist ku-aquarium zilungele yena. Kungcono ukuthi ubondle kaningana ngosuku izingxenye ezincane zemifino emisha noma eqandisiwe. I-Spirulina inconywa njengomkhiqizo oyinhloko wezinhlanzi. Ukudla okunjalo kuzosiza abantu abathile ukuba bagcine imibala yabo ihle. Kunconywe futhi ukuthi ugweme ukondla imikhiqizo ye-auratus yenyama njengenhliziyo yenkunzi, ngoba ingadala izinkinga zokugaya kwenhlanzi. Ngaphandle kokuthi i-aquarium enomthamo wamalitha angama-200 wamanzi, lapho izinhlobo eziningana zigcinwa ndawonye, ​​isikhala esincane esidingekayo ngamalitha angama-500. Inhlanzi izizwa ithembekile emanzini amasha nangokukhamba kalula, kepha idinga ukujikelezwa kwamanzi njalo nokuhlunga okusebenzayo. Ukugcina izinga le-pH, amakhorali ochotshoziwe noma amatshe ajwayelekile wezinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile azodingeka. Ngendlela, endaweni yemvelo yeMelanochromis auratus, phansi imbozwe ngesihlabathi. Futhi, ukuhlinzeka ngamanani amakhulu okukhosela, kuyadingeka ukubeka amatshe amaningi ngangokunokwenzeka ezansi. Inhlanzi iyathanda ukumba, ngakho-ke amatshe abekwa emva kwesihlabathi. Uma ikhwalithi yamanzi ingeyona ephezulu kakhulu, khona-ke isimo sama-cichlid singabheda ngokushesha okukhulu. Izinkinga ezithile zizolethwa ngokuguqulwa kwamasonto onke kwamanzi angama-20-50%, kuya ngomthwalo we-aquarium ngezilwane ezahlukahlukene. Ukuqhakaza yisifo esijwayelekile kakhulu se-auratus, ikakhulukazi esijwayelekile uma ukudla okwenziwe ngemifino kungalandelwanga noma ukudla bekungekho. Ezinye izifo eziningi ezijwayelekile kuzo zonke izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile nazo zivela ku-auratus.

Izindawo ezithandwayo e-aquarium: Ayikho indawo e-aquarium lapho le nhlanzi ingathandi ukubhukuda.

Imifula engena eLake Malawi ibonakala ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwamaminerali ahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokhu nenani elikhulu lezinsiba, amanzi echibini abonakala ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-alkalis namaminerali. Ichibi laziwa ngokubonakala kwalo nangokuqina kwezinkomba zamakhemikhali eziningi, kufaka phakathi i-pH. Ukusuka lapha kuyacaca ukuthi kungani kubalulekile ukubheka amapharamitha wamanzi asemanzini nezinhlanzi ezivela eLake Malawi. Ingozi ye-ammonia inyuka nge-pH eyandayo, ngakho-ke akunasici kufanele ukhohlwe ukushintsha amanzi asemanzini. Uma lezi zidingo zingafinyelelwanga, inhlanzi ingaqala ukwengeza isikhathi eside ukuze yenze izinguquko ku-pH. Ubunzima: 6-10 ° dH pH: 7.7 - 8.6 Ukushisa: 23 -28 ° C

Inhlanzi ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi inobungane. Kuzizwa kungcono uma kungekho ezinye izinhlobo ku-aquarium. Ngokuyinhloko, i-auratus ingahambisana nezinye izimbumbulu ezinolaka, uma zingafani ngosayizi nombala. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele ufake inhlanzi ku-aquarium kuma-cichlids anokuthula. Ama-Auratus nawo anolaka maqondana nabesilisa bezinye izinhlobo abafana ngombala kubo. Ezinye izinhlobo zem mbun azikwazi ukuzala kuze kube yilapho iMelanochromis auratus isusiwe esithembisweni se-aquarium. I-Auratusov igcinwa kahle kakhulu emalini encane, kungcono ukuthi ube nowesilisa oyedwa nowesifazane abaningi. Uma i-aquarist isazitholele abesilisa abaningana, khona-ke bayolwa bodwa kuze kushiywe oyedwa kuphela. E-aquarium enesisindo esingaphansi kwamalitha angama-500, kungenzeka ukuthi insikazi ebusayo ibulale abesilisa ababuthakathaka. Ngendlela, izinsikazi ngokuvamile ziba nolaka eduze nesikhathi lapho i-caviar ikhula esibelethweni sabo, futhi bakulungele ukuyiphonsa. Emanzini amancane kakhulu, abesilisa nabo bangaqala ukubulala izinsikazi. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi uma i-aquarium iqukethe inani elikhulu lezinhlanzi zezinye izinhlobo, ukunciphisa ulaka lweMelanochromis auratus, kuyadingeka ukuguqula amanye amanzi e-aquarium kaningi ngesonto.

Ukuzala ama-Auratus Cichlids

UMelanochromis auratus uzalela kahle ekuthunjweni. Le cichlid, njengazo zonke ezinye izimbungulu, inwebeka engxenyeni yeduna. Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, umbala weduna uya ukhanya ngokwengeziwe. Izinsikazi zigcina amaqanda acishe abe ngu-40 bese ziwafihla ngokushesha emilonyeni yazo kuze kufike umanyolo. Ngemuva kwalokho kuvuselela owesilisa ukuba bavunde. Ngemuva kokuba owesilisa ekhiphe isidoda, insikazi imunca emlonyeni wakhe bese kuthi uClutch ahlanganiswe. Amafutha azalwa ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu ekushiseni okungama-28 ° C. Amajukujuku angadliwa ngemikhiqizo eyimpuphu noma ngokudla okukhethekile kwezinhlanzi, ngokwesibonelo, i-artemia nauplii. Izinsuku zokuqala ezimbalwa, insikazi izogada izingane zayo, ivumele nefry ukucasha emlonyeni wazo uma kungenzeka kube yingozi. Kuzoba lula ukuthi uFry asinde aze akhule, uma unezindawo eziningi lapho ungacasha khona ku-aquarium yakho. Imvamisa, emavikini amathathu emva kokuzalwa kwe-Auratus ifinyelela ubude bamasentimitha ayi-2,5.

Incazelo ye-Melanochromis auratus

IMelanochromis auratus (ngesiLatini: Melanochromis auratus) noma elinye igama iGolden Parrot - elinye lama-cichlid aseLake Malawi.

Yini ebonakala ikakhulukazi nge-auratus - insikazi nabesilisa banombala ohlukile, abesilisa banomzimba omnyama ngemivimbo ephuzi nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti izintokazi ziphuzi ngemivimbo emnyama.

Umehluko phakathi kwegolide lowesilisa nowesifazane auratus melanochromis

Lo mbala wegolide le-auratus melanochromis wenza impilo ibe lula kwabasolwandle, njengoba kubonakala kahle lapho umuntu ekwazi ukugwema ukulwa phakathi kwabesilisa.

Yize kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izimbunguluzi zensikazi ezigolide nazo zinamandla futhi zinamandla.

Uma ungenanhloso yokuzalanisa kwabo, ngakho-ke kungcono ukugcina izinsikazi eziningana ku-aquarium eyodwa.Azinalo ulaka, futhi uma kungekho abesilisa, bangashintsha umbala wabo ube umbala wesilisa, okungukuthi, ngokubukeka baba ngabesilisa.

Owesifazane ovelele uyabuya abe owesilisa, bese kuthi owesifazana wonke abe ngumbala ojwayelekile. Abesilisa abavamile kakhulu, kepha futhi bashintsha umbala ngaphansi kowesifazane.Udumo lwaziswa kubo ngombala okhanyayo - igolide elinemivimbo emnyama neluhlaza okotshani.

Inhlanzi ye-parrot yegolide yazo zonke i-cichlid yayiqala ukuthengiswa. Ungowomndeni wama-cichlids abizwa nge-mbuna, lo mndeni unezinhlobo eziyi-13 ezisebenzayo futhi ezinolaka.

Ngakho-ke, upholi wegolide we-cichlid ubizwa nangokuthi mbuna wegolide.

UMbuna, ngolimi lwezakhamizi zaseMalawi kusho izinhlanzi ezihlala emadwaleni. Leli gama lichaza kahle okuthandwayo endaweni yokuhlala kwe-auratus melanochromis yegolide, ngoba ngaphezu kwabo kukhona ne-duck - inhlanzi ehlala emanzini avulekile.

I-Auratus melanochromis yinhlanzi okunzima ukuyigcina, ingalungele abaqalayo. Njengoba lezi zinhlanzi, ikakhulukazi abesilisa, zinendawo futhi zinolaka.

Kuqala ama-aquarists athenge inhlanzi ye-parrot yegolide, kodwa-ke athola ukuthi i-auratus yabulala zonke ezinye izinhlanzi e-aquarium.

Izinduna zamaphara wegolide ngokuphelele azizibekezeleli ezinye izinsikazi nezinhlanzi ezibukeka njengazo ngokubukeka. Yize zingezikhulu ezinkulu ngosayizi, isilinganiso esingu-11 cm, kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu.

I-Golden parrot noma i-melanochromis auratus - ehlala emvelweni

UMelanochromis auratus wachazwa okokuqala ngonyaka we-1897. Kugcwele eLake Malawi e-Afrika. Ihlala ogwini oluseningizimu, ukusuka e-Yalo reef kuya eNkota Kota, nasentshonalanga eCrocodile Rocks.

Kutholakala kakhulu ezindaweni ezinamadwala. Emvelweni, i-mbuna yegolide yakhiwa yimindeni enesithembu enowesilisa nowesifazane abaningana.

Iziduna ezingenasikhala nezinsikazi zihlala zodwa, noma ziduka ngamaqembu ezinhlanzi ezingama-8-10.

Izinhlanzi zidla isimbotshana segolide ikakhulukazi esikhula emadwaleni, sizinqume ezindaweni ezinzima. Yidla nezinambuzane, iminenke, ipulankton, gazinga.

I-Golden parrot fish inchazelo eningilizayo

I-melanochromis ye-auratus inomzimba ophakeme, inhloko eyindilinga, umlomo omncane ne-dongal dorsal eyong. Inhlanzi ye-parrot yegolide inamazinyo e-pharyngeal enzelwe ukukhipha i-algae eqinile.

Ngokwesilinganiso, ubude bomzimba we-mbuna wegolide bubalelwa ku-11 cm, noma ngokuqukethwe okuhle kungakhula nangaphezulu. Igolide le-Auratus melanochromis lingaphila iminyaka emi-5.

Ukondla

Emvelweni, badla kakhulu izitshalo zokudla, ngakho-ke bayobhubhisa noma yiziphi izitshalo ku-aquarium yakho. Yizinhlobo ezilukhuni kuphela, ezinjenge-anubias, ezinethuba.

E-aquarium, angondliwa ngokudla okubukhoma nokubandayo. Kepha ingxenye eyinhloko yokuphakelayo kufanele ifakwe ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwefreyimu yezitshalo.

Kungaba ukuphakelwa nge-spirulina, noma okuphakelayo okukhethekile kwama-cichlid ase-Afrika, ngoba kuningi okuthengiswayo manje.

Amanzi eLake Malawi anzima, aqukethe amaminerali amaningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ichibi likhulu kakhulu futhi izinga lokushintshashintsha kwansuku zonke ku-pH kanye lokushisa kulo lincane. Ngakho-ke ukuqina, lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile kokuqukethwe kwe-cichylid mbuna.

Amanzi wokuqukethwe kwe-auratus kufanele kube lukhuni (6 - 10 dGH) nge-ph: 7.7-8.6 kanye nokushisa 23-28 ° С. Uma uhlala esifundeni esinamanzi amancane kakhulu, kuzodingeka ukuthi ukhulise ubulukhuni, ngokwesibonelo, usebenzisa ama-coral chips afakwe emhlabathini.

Ngokwemvelo, ama-mbuna ahlala endaweni enamatshe amaningi phansi nesihlabathi njengomhlabathi. E-aquarium udinga ukuphinda usebenzise izimo ezifanayo - inani elikhulu lamakhephelo, isihlabathi, amanzi anzima ne-alkali.

Ngasikhathi sinye, bakimba ngenkuthalo emhlabathini, futhi kungakhiwa amatshe. Izitshalo azikwazi ukutshala nhlobo, zidinga i-melanochromis kuphela njengokudla.

Qaphela ukuthi wonke ama-cichlid ase-Afrika adinga amanzi anamapharamitha azinzile, ahlanzekile futhi aphezulu komoya ophefumulile. Ngakho-ke, ukusetshenziswa kwesihlungi esinamandla sangaphandle akuyona into yokunethezeka, kepha yisimo esidingekayo ngokuphelele.

I-Aquarium

Umthamo ovumelekile womuntu wesilisa noma owesilisa ngamunye uqala kusuka kumalitha angama-200. Ukubhaliswa kokuqukethwe okungafani nobungqingili ngevolumu encane kuzoholela ekuvinjelweni kowesifazane. Gcina iqembu labesilisa nabesifazane abaningi ethangini lama-400 l noma ngaphezulu. Ungahlali amadoda amabili esitsheni esisodwa.

Amapharamitha wamanzi

Faka amanzi esikhundleni sama-20-25% esamba isonto ngalinye. Ngezikhathi ezithile hlola uketshezi ukuthola amakhompiyutha ayingozi nokuhlolwa kwamanzi. Qiniseka ukuthi uvikela amanzi ompompi. Entwasahlobo, engeza ama-conditioners wamanzi.

Ukuvumelana

Igcinwa kangcono e-aquarium ehlukile, iyodwa noma namanye ama-cichlids. Bahlangana nezinye imbuna ezinolaka, kepha kubalulekile ukuthi zingabukeki njengabo ngesimo somzimba nangebala.

Uma izinhlanzi ziyefana, i-auratus izohlala ibahlasela. Lapho kukhona izindawo zokukhosela kanye ne-aquarium ebanzi, ngeke ife, kepha izohlala icindezelwa futhi ingekho.

Iphalishi yegolide igcinwa kahle kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala yezindlu eyakhiwe owesilisa nowesifazane abaningana.

Uma kukhona abesilisa ababili ku-aquarium, kuyosinda oyedwa kuphela. Abesifazane nabo banamaphutha, kepha ngezinga elincane.

Ngokuqondene nezinye izinhlobo zezinhlanzi, kungcono ukukhetha izinhlanzi ezisheshayo ezihlala phakathi nendawo nangaphezulu. Isibonelo, imicu yemibungu ye-neon noma yeSumatran.

Ukudideka:

Incazelo

Inhlanzi inomzimba omude, inhloko eyindilinga, umlomo omncane kanye nenhlawulo ende yendawo. Kubonakala ngokuba khona kwamazinyo e-pharyngeal, ngenxa yokuthi ekwazi ukugqekeza ulwelwe olunzima.

Ubude obujwayelekile bomzimba we-auratus buyi-11 cm, kepha kwesinye isikhathi, ngenxa yokunakekelwa nokugcinwa okuhle, abantu ngamunye angafinyelela osayizi abakhulu.

Cabanga ngalokho okufanele ukunake lapho ugcina i-auratus nokuthi ungaqinisekisa kanjani induduzo.

Izidingo ze-Aquarium

Inhlanzi izizwa ikhululekile esitsheni esinamanzi alukhuni nenqanaba le-pH lika-7.7-8.6, izinga lokushisa kufanele libe ku-23-28 ° С. Uma amanzi ethambile, kuzofanela ukwandise ubulukhuni bayo ngokungeza imvuthuluka yamakhorali enhlabathini. Ubukhulu be-aquarium kufanele bube okungenani amalitha angama-200.

Amanzi kufanele ahlanzwe, okuqukethwe okhuphukile komoya kuyamukeleka. Ngakho-ke, kunconywa ukusebenzisa isihlungi esinamandla sangaphandle. Ukukhanyisa kufanele kukhanye kakhulu - upholi wegolide awuthandi umthunzi.

Izinhlanzi zithanda amanzi ahlanzekile. Kunconywa ukuthi uguqule amanzi angama-20-50% kanye ngesonto. Lesi ngesinye sezimo eziphambili zokubanakekela. Qiniseka ukuthi ubeka iso kuzinga le-acidity emzimbeni wakho wamanzi, njengoba ngamanani alo aphakeme, iphrotheni yegolide ingafa. Ngezikhathi ezithile, hlola ukuthi amatshe ayibonakali yini phansi kwe-aquarium, ngoba angayiphula.

Imvelo nokuziphatha

Izinhlanzi zalolu hlobo zihlukaniswa indawo kanye nolaka. Ama-Aquarists angenasipiliyoni kwesinye isikhathi azithola futhi azifaka echibini elijwayelekile, bese kuthi ngemuva kwesikhashana aqaphele ukuthi kubo bonke abakhileyo kuphela ama-parrots egolide asindayo. Kunoma iyiphi enye inhlanzi ecishe ifane nabo, abesilisa bazobona oncintisana nabo futhi balwele ukukuqeda.

Ukuzala

Ngesikhathi sokuzala, owesilisa uqala ukuphishekela insikazi ngenkuthalo. Uza amaqanda angaba ngu-40, afihla ngokushesha emlonyeni wakhe. Lapho, uzobambela amasonto amathathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho: ngisho nangemva kokuzalwa kukaFry, insikazi iyaqhubeka nokuvikela, futhi uma isengozini, ifihla izingane emlonyeni wayo.

Ezempilo

Imvamisa, i-melanochromis ine-dropsy - lesi yisifo esejwayelekile kuye. Ngokudla okungafanele, amathuba okuthola ukugula agula kakhulu, ikakhulukazi lokhu kwenzeka uma ukudla kwesitshalo kungalandelwa. Ngokuvamile, ama-cichlid ahlushwa yizifo ezifanayo nezinhlanzi eziningi zamanzi ahlanzekile. Isilinganiso sokuphila okulindelekile kwe-auratus yiminyaka emi-5.

IGolden Parrot uhlobo oluhle kakhulu, kepha oluyinqaba. Akukakulungele ukwenziwa ngokuzalaniswa nokugcinwa kwabaqalayo, kepha uma ufisa, ngokulandela zonke izincomo zokunakekelwa, ungakhula izakhamuzi ezingejwayelekile nezikhanyayo ze-aquarium.

I-Priming

Phansi, isikhundla:

1. isihlabathi esimahara,
2. isihlabathi samakhorali
3. amatshe amahle.

Ukuze ube ntofontofo, i-melanochromis izodinga inani elikhulu lendawo yokukhosela. Beka esitsheni esine-auratus:

1. amatshe okwenziwe nawemvelo,
2. grottoes
3. imihume
4. izimbiza zobumba.

Ukulondolozwa echibini okuphoqelekile masonto onke kufaka i-siphon yenhlabathi. Hlanza phansi ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa isichibi esisodwa.

Iposi elabiwe nguNick (@nikolaysmolovoy) ngo-Oct 13, 2015 ngo-10: 36 am PDT

Uma izinto zokuhlobisa zidwetshwe ngobuciko, qiniseka ukuthi udayi awuthinti ukwakheka kwamanzi futhi akulimazi i-melanochromis. Lawula ngokucophelela amatshe abalethele emigwaqweni ukuze ungangenisi amagciwane ethangini. Ngemhlobiso eyenziwe ekhaya, khetha i-glue ye-aquarium.

Izinsiza

Iqoqo lemishini ye-auratus:

1. Hlunga. Khetha isihlungi sekhwalithi. Okuncanyelwayo kwangaphandle ngenxa yamandla amakhulu.
2. Umcindezeli. Kuyadingeka ekuchithweni kwe-oksijini emanzini, ukuze i-melanochromis iphefumule.
3. I-Wmv. Kuyadingeka ukugcina izinga lokushisa elintofontofo kumagumbi abandayo.
4. Opholile. Izodingeka ehlobo, lapho izinga lokushisa lenyuka ngaphezu kwama-28 degrees. Enye indlela kungafakwa emanzini afakwe emabhodleleni. Futhi, umoya wasendlini uzosiza.
5. Kudingeka i-thermometer ukuqapha izinga lokushisa kwamanzi. I-thermometer yangaphakathi yengilazi idlulisela ngokufanele okushisa.

Ukusakaza

Ngesikhathi sokuzala, owesilisa ukhombisa isasasa kowesifazane. Owesifazane olungele ukuhlakazeka ubhukuda angena endaweni yomuntu wesilisa. I-masonry iqukethe amaqanda angama-40-100, athi dwebu i-auratus emlonyeni amasonto amathathu. Ababelethi banakekela i-grey ngemuva kokuqanduselwa, kufinyelela ezinyangeni ezi-3 zeminyaka, lo mbala ufihle emlonyeni wabo ezingozini. Yondla i-gazinga nge-nauplii brine shrimp, okuphakanyisiwe okuphakanyisiwe ngamakhambi wezithako. Nakisisa amanzi ahlanzekile.

Izifo

Emanzini asezingeni eliphansi ngenxa yengcindezelo engapheli, i-melanochromis isengozini yezifo:

1. Ukuqhakaza iMalawi. Izinhlanzi ziba yisifo esibulalayo, ziphelelwe yisifiso sokudla, kanye nokuvuvukala kwesisu. Lesi sifo sihambisana nokukhipha umoya kanye nokuphefumula ngokushesha kwezinhlanzi. Lesi sifo sithatha izinsuku ezintathu, okuholela ekufeni kwesilwane. Phatha inhlanzi ngemithi elwa namagciwane.
2. Ichthyophthyroidism (semolina). Amachashazi amhlophe avela emzimbeni we-auratus obangelwa yizinambuzane. Umuntu ohaqwe yilesi sifo, uziphatha kabi. Iphathwe ngempumelelo izidakamizwa esitolo sezilwane ezifuywayo.
3. I-Iridovirus. Ingeniswa e-aquarium enezinhlanzi ezigulayo, zidluliselwa phakathi kwabamele izinhlobo ezifanayo. Ukuphathwa kabi.
4. Ubuthi be-Chlorine ne-ammonia. Amanzi ompompi angazinzile angaqukatha i-chlorine eningi kakhulu, okuyingozi inhlanzi. E-aquarium engagcinwanga isikhathi eside, i-ammonia ibangela ubuthi. Qinisa amandla, uguqule amanzi kaningi. Izimo ezikhipha amanzi zivame ukusiza.
5. Isifo sofuba. Isifo esibulalayo esivela e-aquarium enezinhlanzi ezithelelekile. Isifo sofuba kuma-cichlids sihambisana nokuguquguquka komzimba, ukulahleka kwesifiso sokudla, ukubukeka kombala kanye nokufiphala kwamehlo. Ukwelashwa kwe-Kanamycin kwenziwa ngezigaba zokuqala. Kuma-10 g wokudla engeza u-10 mg wesidakamizwa.

Intengo ephakathi incike ngosayizi we-auratus.

Ukubuyekezwa

I-melanochromis entsha esanda kutholwa iguqukela ngokushesha ku-aquarium. Ama-Aquarists ayakuthanda ukubuka le cichlid. Izinhlanzi zinokubukeka okujabulisayo nemikhuba.

Umehluko wobulili wamapharishi egolide

Kulula ukwahlukanisa igolide lowesifazane i-auratus melanochromis kusuka kowesilisa, kodwa kuphela ngemuva kokuba sebefinyelele ebudaleni.
Owesilisa unombala omnyama onsomi ngemivimbo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka negolide, kanti umzimba wesifazane unombala wegolide onemivimbo emnyama.

Eminyakeni engu-6-9 izinyanga, umbala wezinhlanzi zesilisa we-parrot nowesifazane uyaqala ukuhluka. Uma izingane nezinsikazi zihlala zinombala ophuzi ofanayo ngemicu emithathu emnyama (emibili emzimbeni kanye neyodwa eduze kwe-dorsal fin), abesilisa benziwa mnyama bese belahlekelwa yimizwa yabo.

Ekugcineni, umbala wegolide we-auratus melanochromis wenziwa izinyanga eziyi-11 ukuya kwengu-12. Ubude bomzimba besilisa nabesilisa nabadala bungaba ngu-11-12 no-9-10 cm, ngokulandelana.

Iduna elidala le-auratus melanochromis linesisu esimnyama, futhi ezinhlangothini kukhona imivimbo emibili ephuzi-eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: ebanzi nelincane, ligijima ngokufana, liqala kusukela esweni futhi liphela ezansi kwephasi le-caudal.

Ukuzalela i-auratus melanochromis yegolide

Emvelweni, amapharaphitha egolide ahlala endaweni enamatshe phansi, endaweni yokubhukuda, lapho owesilisa enabesifazane abaningana nendawo yakhe.

Ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, insikazi i-auratus melanochromis yegolide iba nombala ikakhulukazi, iphishekela insikazi.

Isithambisi segolide esifazane sibeka amaqanda angaba ngu-40, masinyane siwafake emlonyeni wakhe, bese owesilisa esidlisa umquba. Imbuna yensikazi yegolide idonsa amaqanda amasonto amathathu.

Futhi uyaqhubeka nokunakekela i-fry ngemuva kokuzalwa kwabo, ecasha emlonyeni wakhe engozini. Ukudla kokuqala kwefry auratus melanochromis golide kukhona i-naupilia artemia.

IMaleki ikhula kancane, ifinyelela kubungako be-2 cm ezinyangeni ezintathu, bese iqala ukubala phakathi kwezinyanga ezi-6 nezingu-9.