Izigwaca ezivamile
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi

I-Coturnix coturnix (ULinnaeus, 1758)

Izidleke kuphelaIhlangana unyaka wonkeUbusikaKwethulwe

Mhlawumbe sekushabalele, kwethulwa

Izigwaca ezivamile, noma izigwaca (I-Coturnix coturnix (i-Linnaeus, 1758), igama lesayensi elaphelelwa yisikhathi - lat. I-Coturnix dactylisonans s. Communis), iyinyoni engaphansi kwenqubo yokudonsa yenkukhu. Esikhathini esedlule, izigwaca zazisebenza njengezisulu, okokuqala, njengoba kudliwa umdlalo, kanti okwesibili, njengengoma futhi, ekugcineni, ekwakhiweni kwezimpi zezigwaca.

Kanye nogwaca oyisimungulu, kuwukuphela kwenyoni efudukayo yeNkukhu e-oda.

Ukubukeka

Lolu hlobo lwachazwa okokuqala nguCarl Linnaeus encwadini yakhe iSystema naturae ngonyaka we-1758 njengoTetrao coturnix.

Ubude bomzimba ongu-16-22 cm, isisindo esingu-91-131 amagremu.

I-plumage enemibala e-ocher, ngaphezulu kwekhanda, emuva, nadhvost kanye nezimpaphe ezingaphezulu zesembozo somsila emigqeni namabala amnyama nokhanyayo onsundu, umucu obomvu ngemuva kwamehlo. Iduna linezihlathi ezibomvu ezimnyama, i-red goiter, i-chin nomphimbo zimnyama. Owesifazane uhluka kuye nge-ocher chin nomphimbo ophuzi kanye nokuba khona kwamabala amabala ansundu (amabala) emzimbeni ophansi nezinhlangothi.

Ukubhebhetheka

Izigwaca ezivamile zigcwele eYurophu, e-Afrika nase Ntshonalanga Asia, eRussia - empumalanga ziya eLake Baikal. Ihlala emasimini emathafeni nasezintabeni. Ubusika e-Afrika naseNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia, ikakhulukazi eNingizimu ne-Hindustan. Izilingo kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-Asia ziya eNyakatho Afrika, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, e-Iran naseTurkestan. Indiza iseningizimu ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, enyakatho ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.

Ukuzala

Lapho nje utshani bukhula, izigwaca ziqala ukumemeza futhi abesilisa bangene empini phakathi kwabo ngenxa yowesifazane. Izindlovu zihlelwe phansi. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda angama-8 - 20 wombala wefawn onamabala amnyama ansundu, abopha izinsuku eziyi-17- 17 futhi abopha amachwane ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kowesilisa.

Indlela yokuphila

Le nyoni ihola indlela yokuphila esekwe emhlabeni, idla ngembewu nezinambuzane ezinwabuzelayo emhlabathini. Lapho isinkwa sesivuthiwe, izigwaca sidluliselwa emasimini, sikhuluphele ngokushesha futhi sikhuluphele kakhulu. Yehla, ubheke e-latitude, kusukela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti kuze kube sekupheleni kukaSepthemba. Ukudla kuhlwanyelwe ikakhulukazi (imbewu, ama-buds, amahlumela), izinambuzane ezingaphansi kakhulu.

Abantu nezigwaca

Inyama yezigwaca imnandi kakhulu. Umanyolo wamaminerali kanye nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane ezihlakazeke emasimini kuholela ekufakeleni ubuthi kanye nokwehla okukhulu kwenani lezigwaca ezake zasebenza njengento yokuzingela ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwasekwindla eCrimea naseCaucasus.

Izigwaca zibekezelela ukudingiswa kahle kakhulu. ECentral Asia, izigwaca zigcinwa ezinkanjini ezinjengentaka yokulwa nangenxa yokuthi "zicule" - ukumemeza okukhulu manje.

Isifundazwe (i-marz) sase-Armenia - uLori uqanjwe ngegama logwaca.

EGibhithe Lasendulo, isithombe sogwaca sisetshenziswe njenge-hieroglyph yomsindo “ku” no “y”:

Ukuzingela

Ukudotshwa kwezigwaca okukhulu kwenziwa ngoMeyi, Juni noJulayi, ikakhulukazi ekuseni noma kusihlwa kokusa, kodwa kuphela lapho bekungekho amazolo. Ngokudoba, babesebenzisa inetha namapayipi noma insikazi yesigqila bukhoma. Inethiwekhi yayisatshalaliswa ngenxa yezilimo zotshani noma zasentwasahlobo, kanti umzingeli wayehlala emaphethelweni eceleni kwalapho kuzwakala khona ukukhala kwezigwaca, wabe eseqala "ukushaya ipayipi", elalingisa izwi lowesifazane wesigwaca futhi elinethambo lomhluzi elinamakha wesikhumba afakwe kulo. Esikhundleni sokusebenzisa amapayipi enetheni, kwakhiwa futhi izigwaca zabesifazane “ezichofoziwe” bukhoma emgodini, ngokuqinisekile zinonyaka owodwa owodwa futhi zibandwe ekudingisweni. Lapho izigwaca, zikhangwa yipayipi noma insikazi, zangena ngaphansi kwenetha, umzingeli wayefika ezinyaweni zakhe, inyoni ibindeke futhi ibambeke odongeni lwenetha. “Akungalawulwa” [ igama elingaziwa ], okungukuthi, izinyoni ezingamesabi zazinesibindi ngokweqile futhi, zingamesabi umuntu, zazivame ukugxumela ngaphansi kwenethi ziye emgodini nezintokazi. Phakathi kwezinyoni ezibanjiwe, "ama-knights" (okungukuthi, izigwaca eziklabalasa kahle) zazingavamile kakhulu, futhi ngokuzizingela, abazingeli base-amateur babenama-ejenti akhethekile ababekade bemfuna futhi belalele izigwaca ezinhle zokukhalaza emameleni nasemasimini. Izigwaca zekhilikithi zazifakwa emgodini bese ziboshwe i-carduelis (okungukuthi, esigxotsheni esiphakeme), lapho phezulu kwahlelwa khona uphahla lwakhiwe ngodonga olungaphambili nolungemuva, ngaphansi kwalo kwafakwa ikheji ngentambo. Izwi lesigqwaca elihle lingezwakala ngesimo sezulu esizolile ngamamayela amabili, nangomoya - nangaphezulu. Ukuzingela izigwaca zasehlobo kwaqala ngemuva kokuvunwa kwaqhubeka kuze kusuka.

Izindlela zokuthola izigwaca bezihluke kakhulu: ngaphezu kokuzingela ngezibhamu namakati, kwakujwayelekile kunoma yimuphi umdlalo omncane, izigwaca zabanjwa emanethini okhethelo womcamelo, onqenqema eliphezulu lwawo lwaluphakanyisiwe ezigxotsheni ezinde ezingasindi. Leli netha lalimboza izigwaca kanye nenja, eyamisa phezu kwezigwaca. Esifundeni saseTurkestan, izigwaca zabanjwa inetha. ECaucasus, izigwaca zakhangwa ngamanetha wokuqwashisa ngomlilo kanye nokukhala kwensimbi. ECrimea, abazingeli babefuna ukukhuluphala ekwindla, ngakhoke izigwaca ezisindayo ekugibeleni amahhashi futhi bezimboze ngehhashi kunethiwekhi ebunjwe ngesigaxa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigwaca zabanjwa ngamanani amakhulu yizinyoka, zahlelwa nge-clover nakwamanye amasimu, kanjalo “namanetha”, anwebeka, njengokweqile, emafutheni aphakathi kwezihlahla ezinde, ezindaweni ezivulekile nasemigodini. Ngokusho kwemithetho ebesebenza kuze kube unyaka we-1917, ukuzinqunyelwa kokugwazelwa kwakuvinjelwe kusuka ngoMashi 1 kuya kuJulayi 15, ngaphandle kokuzingela ngenetha lezigcwaca zabesilisa, okwakuvunyelwe kusukela ngoMeyi 1.

Ukucula kwe-Quail

I-Quail yayaziswa ngezwi lowesilisa (kuphela abesilisa "abamemezayo", nabesifazane kuphela "whine"), kodwa-ke, okufana okufana nemisindo ejwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi ukucula, futhi ihlukaniswe kabili omama (noma ikhwapha) kanye athuke (noma ukulwa) "I-wah-wah" evama ukuvela imvamisa ephindwaphindwa kuye kathathu, ukukhala okuthi "isiphuzo-isiphuzo", ukuzingela, kuqukethe amadolo amathathu ahlukene: "sukuma", "ukulibaziseka" kanye "nokushayeka kwezinga eliphansi". Isifunda saseSudzhansky esifundazweni saseKursk sasidume kakhulu ngokukhwaza izigwaca; iningi, izigwaca ezinhle zitholakala esifundazweni saseKursk, iningi laseVoronezh nakwezinye izifunda zezifundazwe i-Oryol, Tula, Tambov neKharkov.

Izimpi zokulwa

ETurkestan, ukulwa (ukulwa) izigwaca zabesilisa phakathi kwabo kwakuluhlobo lomdlalo weCentral Asia, lapho abaningi beshiseka khona ngentshiseko. Abaninizimbotshana zezigwaca bavame ukuzigqoka esifubeni. Inkundla yempi, eyayivame ukuhambisana nokubheja, yayihanjiswa ngemigodi ebanzi, ngasodongeni lapho bekuhleli khona izibukeli.

Ubuthi bezinhlwathi zasendle

Imithombo ehlukahlukene ichaza amacala amaningi obuthi ngenyama yezigwaca ezijwayelekile. Izimbangela zobuthi zazingaziwa isikhathi eside, yize imininingwane yokuqala ngabo yashicilelwa ezincwadini ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17. Ikakhulu, "Ukuchazwa kwe-Ukraine kusuka emingceleni yaseMuscovy ukuya emingceleni yeTransylvania, ehlanganiswe nguGuillaume Levasser da Boplan" (ukuhunyushwa kuka-1660), kuqukethe imigqa elandelayo: "Kule ndawo kukhona uhlobo olukhethekile lwezigwaca olunemilenze eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi olufile kulabo abaludlayo." Kodwa-ke, umcabango ka-Boplan wokuthi izigwaca ezinobuthi zingesizukulwane esithile esikhethekile ngombala wemilenze yaso unephutha.

Imbangela yobuthi ukunqwabelana (ukunqwabelana) kwezinto ezinobuthi enyameni yenkukhu ngemuva kokuba izinyoni zidle imbewu ye-pikulnik. Ama-alkaloid aqukethe imbewu yalesi sitshalo abangela ukuvimba kwamaphethelo ezinzwa zemoto emisipha ethambile. Isenzo sobuthi obuningi sichazwe ngokuqinile, ngakho-ke izigwaca zingadla ngaphandle kokulimaza zona imbewu yezitshalo ezithile ezinobuthi kubantu nasezilwaneni ezifuywayo. Ubuthi buyamelana nokushisa. Ukwelashwa okufudumele kwenyama yezigwaca akubhubhisi. Ukufaka ubuthi kubantu kuyabonakala ngenxa yokungadli inyama yezinyoni “ezinobuthi” nesobho labo, kodwa namazambane athosiwe emafutheni izigwaca. Umtholampilo wobuthi ubonakala ngemuva kwamahora angama-3-4, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ihora eli-1 (ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu, amahora angama-15 ukuya kwangama-20) ngemuva kokudla inyama enobuthi. Uphawu lokuqala ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile, abantu abakwazi ukuhambisa imilenze yabo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi bayeke ukuhamba nhlobo. Kamuva, kuvela ubuhlungu obukhulu, butholakala emisipha yethole, bese - --ubopha izinhlungu emhlane ongezansi, emuva nesifuba. Ukuphefumula kuya ngokujula futhi njalo. Bese kuthi kube nobuhlungu obukhulu futhi ezingalweni nasentanyeni. Ukunyakaza kwezingalo (ukuguquguquka kwazo nokwelulwa), ikakhulukazi izandla, kuba nzima ngenxa yobuhlungu, ukuqina kuyenzeka. Ubuhlungu buhlala kusuka emahoreni amabili kuya kwayi-12, kwesinye isikhathi kuze kube ngosuku, kuyaqabukela kakhulu - izinsuku ezingama-2-3. Njengomthetho, akukho ukufa.

Kunemisebenzi ekhombisa ukuthi imbangela yobuthi yinyama yezigwaca kungaba yimbewu ye-cycuta (ingqophamlando enobuthi) eyondla izinyoni. Kulokhu, inyama yenkukhu iqongelela inani lobuthi kangangokuba ngisho nenani elincane layo libangela ubuthi. Izigwaca ezijwayelekile ziyakwazi ukudla izithelo ze-hemlock ngaphandle kokuzilimaza, nenyama yezinyoni ezinjalo ingadala izimpawu zobuthi be-konyin ubuthi kubantu. Lokhu kokugcina ngomphumela womthelela emzimbeni womuntu kufana ne-nicotine, kepha kubonakaliswa umphumela onamandla wokukhubazeka ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphambili nakuzobuthakathaka be-neuromuscular synapses. Ngaphezu kwe-konin, imbewu ye-hemlock iqukethe ama-alkaloidi amaningi kanye ne-conicein enobuthi ngokweqile. Umtholampilo wokufaka ubuthi kwinyama yezigwaca obudle izithelo zesigaqa ubonakala ekuthuthukiseni imizwa yokuba nenhliziyo, ukuhlanza, isifo sohudo, ubuhlungu besisu, ukukhuphuka kwesiswini, isiyezi, ukuvuvukala kwezitho zomzimba, i-paresthesia yesikhumba nokuncipha kokuthinta. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona ukwephulwa kwesenzo sokugwinya, i-pulse ibuthakathaka, i-bradycardia iyenzeka, izinga lokushisa lomzimba liyancipha, ukuthuthukiswa kokuncipha, izinhlungu ze-neuralgic kungenzeka, ukukhubazeka okujwayelekile kukhula (ikakhulukazi ukukhuphuka). Ukuvela kokufakelwa kwempahla kuncike ekungeneni kwe-asphyxia, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, umphumela obulalayo uvela ekuqothulweni, ukukhubazeka kokuphefumula.

Uma kwenzeka ubuthi ungena emzimbeni wobuthi obuqukethe i-cycutotoxin equkethwe imbewu yezinhlungu ezinobuthi, ubuthakathaka obujwayelekile, ukukhubazeka, isiyezi, isihlungu se-coliny esiswini kukhula, ukugabha okuvame ukwenzeka, isikhumba siphuphutheka, abafundi bayancipha, ukuphefumula kuyaphawuleka, ukushaya kwenhliziyo kuyancipha. I-toxin isebenza kwizikhungo ze-medulla oblongata - okokuqala kuthokozise bese kukhubazeka. Kulokhu, kuyezwakala ukuqunjelwa okukhulu, lapho ukufa kungenzeka khona ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwesikhungo sokuphefumula.

Inyoni ye-Quail: incazelo

Abamele izinhlobo zezinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke ngokulandelana kwenkukhu. Ubungako boogwaca ngobude bungamasentimitha angama-20. Abantu abadala bayakwazi ukuthola inqwaba yama-gramu ayi-130. Ubukhulu bomzimba abunalutho buvumela izinyoni ezinjalo ukuba zihambe ngokulingene emimangweni eminyene ngaphandle kokuwa emehlweni ezilwanyana ezidla ezinye.

Ngabe ibukeka kanjani imigwaca ejwayelekile? I-plumage yenyoni emuva inama-brown brown aphuzi anamabala amaningi amnyama. Isisu esinemibala - ophuzi okhanyayo. Ngenxa yalombala ongabonakali kahle, kunzima kakhulu ukubona izigwaca phakathi kwamakhambi amade.

Ukuhlukaniswa

Izigwaca ezijwayelekile zihlukaniswe izigaba eziyisishiyagalombili ezingaphansi:

• C. c. africana - kuchazwe nguK. Ya. Temmink noG. Schlegel ngonyaka we-1849, ubusika buse-Afrika, abanye bathuthela enyakatho besuka eSouth Africa (Madagascar, Comoros, njll).
• C. c. confisa
• C. c. izimbangi -hlala kuma-Azores (Hartert, 1920).
• C. c. i-coturnix
• C. c. izingelosi - kutholakala e-Ethiopia (Zedlitz, 1912).
• C. c. inopinata - Inani elikhulu labantu eziqhingini zaseCape Verde (Hartert, 1917).
• C. c. parisii
• C. c. ragonierii

Izakhi zofuzo

Izakhi zofuzo zamangqamuzana

• Ukulandelana kwe-nucleotide efakiwe kudathabhethiI-EntrezNucleotide, IGenBank, NCBI, USA: 580 (ukusukela ngoMashi 30, 2015).
• Ukulandelana kwamaprotheni afakiwe kwidathabhethi I-Entrezprotein, IGenBank, i-NCBI, e-USA: 322 (ifinyelelwe ngoMashi 30, 2015).

Incazelo Nezici

Izigwaca ezivamile / zasendle zingezomndeni we-pheasant, umyalo wenkukhu. Isisindo esijwayelekile somuntu sihluka kusuka ku-100 g kuya ku-140 g. Isimo kanye nezimo zokuphila kwezigwaca zinquma umehluko wazo kwezinye izinyoni.

Lezi zinyoni zakha izidleke ngotshani obude endaweni eyisicaba: amamaki namasimu aseduze kwezidumbu zamanzi nemifula. Agijima ngokushesha. Ukudla kutholakala emhlabathini, kukhipha ungqimba ongaphezulu ngemivimbo yawo. Naphezu kokutholakala okubonakala, ukubamba inyoni akulula kangako, kunamehlo abukhali nokuzwa ngisho nasebumnyameni.

Indlela yendiza iqonde "phansi emhlabeni." Zindiza kakhulu, kodwa ngokushesha, futhi zivame ukushaya amaphiko azo.

Umbala we-Motley uhlanganisa imibala nsundu naphuzi, evumela ukuthi inyoni iqhubeke ingabonakali endle. Abesifazane bahlukaniswa yisilevu nomphimbo olula kunabesilisa.

Isici esiyinhloko senyoni yasendle kwakuwukuthi kungenzeka "ukwenziwa kwekhaya" kwayo nokuzalela.

Izinhlobo zezinyoni - umkhiqizo wokuzalela owenziwe ngumuntu ngokuzalanisa kwawo ekudingisweni. Ngenkathi endle kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela.

Lolu hlobo lunomlingiswa we-cocky futhi libonisa ukuziphatha kokulwa, ukuvikela insimu noma indawo yalo eqenjini. "Izimpi" ezidumile zazisuselwe kulesi sibonakaliso.

Ukucula kwe-Quail ezejwayelekile kwesinye isikhathi kubukeka njengokukhwaza. Owesilisa uyafunga, abubula, abeke imicibisholo futhi amemeze kuye ngesimo sansuku zonke. Imisindo ejwayelekile: ukuzola okuvumelanayo okubili futhi ngokunqamula isikhashana, "wah-wah", bese kuthi "go-go" ngokuzwakalayo nangokucacile "uhambe-hamba". Owesifazane uvame kakhulu ukukhala ("gurgle"), ngesinye isikhathi kufana nokukhala.

Ama- “truail trill” avela lapho yonke imisindo ihlanganiswa.

Lalela izwi logwaca

Lolu hlobo luzolile ngokuziphatha, alukwazi ukucula (ukumemeza), olwalubizwa ngokuthi isimungulu. Kwakulula kakhulu ukukhipha inyoni enjalo, okwakungokokuqala amaJapane enza eminyakeni engamakhulu amabili edlule.

Inyoni ye-Quail inezinhlobo eziningana ezifuywayo (izinhlobo) eziye zenzeka ngokukhethwa kokufakelwa (ukukhethwa) kusuka ku-"ezifuywayo" ezithulile zaseJapan.

E-Russia, izinhlobo ezimbili ezidumile kakhulu ziyafuywa: amaJapane noFaro, kanye nezinhlobo ezitholakala ngokuwela kwazo.

Umsoco

Ukudla okuyinhloko ukudla okusekwe ezitshalweni. Ukudla Kwezinyoni Ezamahhala:

• imbewu
• okusanhlamvu
• amaqabunga otshani, izihlahlana,
• ama-inflorescence amakhambi ensimu.

Ukudonsa phansi komhlaba, bambe izinambuzane ezincane, izibungu. Ukudla kwemvelaphi yezilwane kudingeka kakhulu amachwane. Imvamisa, izinyoni zithola ubuthi bokudla kubantu izitshalo: i-hemlock, i-cicuta nezinye.

Ezinyoni, ukungavikeleki okuzinzile kuthuthukiselwa ubuthi obunjalo. Izinto eziyingozi zingaqongelela izicubu zomzimba. Ukudla okunjalo kungaba isimanga esingathandeki kwabazingeli be- "Royal game" futhi kubangele ubuthi.

Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kokungavikeleki okuqinile kwezibi zemvelo yemvelo, inyoni izwela kakhulu ubuthi bamakhemikhali. Umanyolo ovela emasimini, kanye ekudleni, ungadala ukufa kwale nyoni.

Ukudla kwezinyoni ezithunjiwe kuhluke kakhulu.Ekhaya, izidleke zondliwa ngamaqanda abiliswe kanzima, zichotshozwe kanye namagobolondo, ushizi we-cottage shizi, amakhambi, iyogathi bese kususwa kancane kancane ukondla.

Ezinyoni ezindala, kuhlanganiswa izilinganiso ezinobungako zezakhi eziningana. Ukuphakelwa okujwayelekile kuthunyelwe ngamaprotheni: i-cottage shizi, inhlanzi. Izithasiselo zamaminerali nazo ziyadingeka: chalk, rock rock.

Ukunakekelwa ekhaya nokunakekelwa

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, izinyoni ezidayisayo ziye zaba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukubamba endle. Ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwabantu abaningi ngokuzingela, kwethulwa imingcele. Kungenzeka ukuzingela izigwaca ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokufuduka futhi kungabesilisa kuphela. Owesifazane kufanele agcinwe ukunakekela izingane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni eziningi ziyafa emasimini zisuka ekubeni zinoshevu ngamakhemikhali, ngesikhathi sokuvuna naphakathi kwezindiza ezinde ziye ezimpini ezifudumele.

Umthengi ngamunye etafuleni wazama ukuxazulula inkinga yokubonakala kwenyama yokudla namaqanda etafuleni kumashumi ayisithupha eminyaka edlule, lapho okokuqala ngqa kwalethwa inyoni efuywayo e-USSR. Ngemuva kwalokho ukuzalaniswa kwalethwa ezingeni eliphakathi ekuqaleni kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka. Njengamanje, noma ngubani angazitholela ipulazi lakhe elincane.

Ikhaya le-Quail ivumelanisa kahle ekuthunjweni. Ihluke ngokwemvelo. Akadingi indawo angasebenza kuyo. Akunasidingo sokusonta izidleke nokuqandusela amaqanda.

Ngaphambi kokuthenga i-mini-quailweed, kufanele unake izincomo eziningana.

Yize kukhona izigwaca “ezifuywayo” - inyoni yasendle futhi engalahlekelwanga amandla endiza. Ngakho-ke, indlela ejwayelekile yokuzalela esibayeni ayimfanele. Kusetshenziswa amaseli ekunakekelweni kwazo. Zingathengwa ezenziwe ngomumo noma zenziwe ngokuzimela emabhodini, e-plywood, e-mesh noma ezindongeni. Ukufinyelela kwabondli bezinyoni nabaphuza utshwala kufanele kube mahhala.

Usayizi we-Quail ngokwesilinganiso, ukusuka ku-16 cm kuya ku-21 cm. Indawo yekheji yezinhloso eziyi-10 kufanele okungenani ibe ngu-100 cm ngamasentimitha angama-50. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufaka amasaka phezulu komunye nomunye kuzokonga isikhala futhi kunikeze ukulungiswa okulula.

Igumbi elifanele izofakwa kulo amaseli kufanele lome, lifudumale, ngaphandle kokuhlelwa, lingene kahle umoya futhi livikele lesakhiwo elangeni eliqondile. Ukwelula amahora okukhanya kwemini, ukukhanyisa okufanelekile kuyadingeka futhi.

• Nquma kunqume nokuthi ubuke ini.

Iqanda nenyama zingahlanganiswa ngempumelelo ngokukhetha uhlobo oluxubile lwendawo yonke. Kepha kwabaqalayo kulolu daba, izigwaca zaseJapan zifaneleka kakhulu. Inokukhiqiza okuphezulu kakhulu: amaqanda angaphezu kwama-300 ngonyaka, ayidingi ukuvuselelwa njalo komhlambi futhi ayifuni kuhlobo lokuncelisa. Owesifazane uqala ukubabaza eneminyaka engama-5-6 amasonto. Ngesikhathi sezinyanga ezine, "ukubulawa" kwesisindo kuqala.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuzalanisa kufanelekile uma umgomo ukuhlinzeka ngamaqanda ayisikhombisa nenyama yezigwaca nge eziyisikhombisa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, vele uthole umnotho wezinjongo ezingama-50. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngenxa yobandlululo nokukhula ngokushesha, inani labantu lizokwanda cishe izikhathi eziyishumi ngonyaka.

Insikazi ekudingisweni ayizingeli amaqanda, ngakho-ke, kuzodingeka ukubopha amachwane ezimweni zokufakelwa. Lapho bondla abantu abadala, basebenzisa ama-feed feed akhulisa umkhiqizo. Ukwengezwa kweminenke nezibungu ekudleni kwamukelekile.

I-apula egayiwe, ithanga noma isanqante kufakwa engxenyeni yokusanhlamvu ngamanani amancane. Ukugquma ngezithasiselo ezinjalo kungadala ukuqunjelwa. Abantu abadala bangezela inani elincane lesihlabathi ukulawula ukugaya. Ingxenye ebalulekile ekunikezeni ukudla yimifino. Kodwa-ke, kunohlu lwezitshalo okungafanele zingezwe kokuphakelayo.

• Iziqongo ezivela kumazambane notamatisi.
• UParsley
• Ama-Buttercups.
• UCelery.
• ISorrel.
• I-Rye.
• Amagreyidi agqamile futhi abilisiwe.

Ngenxa yokungavikeleki okuphezulu, amaphuphu izigwaca asinda ngokulungileyo nokumelana nezifo. Amaqanda en nenyama kanye nezigcwaca yi-hypoallergenic futhi aqukethe izinto eziningi eziwusizo neziwusizo.

Ukukhiqiza

Isici sezigwaca, esizenza zibaluleke kakhulu embonini yenkukhu, ukuvuthwa kwazo okuphezulu nokukhiqiza amaqanda aphezulu. Ukubekwa kwesikazi kuqala kumaviki angama-5-6 ngemuva kokuzalwa futhi ngonyaka uyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda angaba ngamakhulu amathathu. Cishe ama-2.8 kg wokudla nge-1 kg yesisindo seqanda.

Uma siqhathanisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda izigwaca nezinkukhu, kucatshangelwa isilinganiso sesisindo somzimba sowesifazane kanye nevolumu yonyaka yamaqanda akhe, khona-ke izigwaca zikhiqiza izikhathi ezintathu kunenkukhu.

Ithebula 1. Ukukhiqizwa kweqanda kanye nobuningi beqanda lezintokazi izigwaca ezifuywayo ekuqaleni kokuqothuka kwesibeletho

Kuqala, isisindo seqanda sincane (cishe ama-5 g), kepha lapho sinezinyanga ezimbili siqhathaniswa nesisindo seqanda labesifazane abadala, iminyaka yabo ifinyelela ezinyangeni ezi-4-5, futhi icishe ibe yi-10 g.

Lapho sikhula izinkukhu, inyama iyagcizelelwa esindweni sayo. Ukuphonswa ngamandla kwezinhlobo zezinyama zezigcwaca kuvumela ukufeza iqiniso lokuthi isisindo sazo siphindwe kathathu isisindo sokuzalela amaqanda. Ngasikhathi sinye, bazokujaha, kepha bazoqala ukukwenza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Incazelo yemihlambi

Izinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinzalo ezifuywayo ezifuywayo ngokuya ngokuqondisa umkhiqizo wazo zihlukaniswe:

• ukubeka kweqanda
• inyama
• ukusetshenziswa jikelele
• elebhu.

Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zezigcwaca ezifuywayo zanamuhla yile elandelayo:

• IsiJapan. Izelwe eJapan. Ngenxa yomsebenzi wokuzalela, kwenziwa imigqa yamaqanda izigwaca zamaqanda eJaphani, futhi okuye kwanda nakwamanye amazwe amaningi.
• IsiNgisi esimhlophe nomnyama. Kwazalelwa eNgilandi ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwamagqwaca aseJapan.
• I-Tuxedo. Kutholakala ngokuwela izigwaca zamaNgisi nezimhlophe.
• Manchurian Gold. Kuthandwa kakhulu abafuyi bezitshalo ngenxa yamaqanda amakhulu kakhulu ezinhlotsheni.
• Imabula. Izalwe eRussia, izimpaphe zalokhu kuzalanisa zinombala wokukhanya okhanyayo.
• UFaro. Uhlobo lohlobo lwenyama, olufuywayo e-United States.
• Isi-Estonia. Ukuzalela okuvamile. Yavinjelwa ngonyaka we-1988 e-SSR yase-Estonia isuka ku-Japan nase-English izigwaca ezimhlophe ngezinyoni zepharaoh.

IManchu Golden Quail

Kungani zigcinwa izigwaca?

Inyama ye-Quail neqanda kuyathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathengi futhi iningi labo lenza isabelo esibalulekile sokudla kwansuku zonke.

I-Quailing isasazeke kuwo wonke umhlaba - lolu hlobo lwezinyoni lushintshwe kahle ekudingisweni futhi luhlukaniswa nokuqina okuphakeme kwenyama namaqanda abo.

Emazweni ehlukene e-Eurasia, kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuzingela nokubanjiswa kogwaca okuvamile. Isikhathi eside bekukhona isibhamu kanye ne-hawk ekuzingela le nyoni. Ukuze sibambe izigwaca sisebenzise amanetha ahlukahlukene, ipayipi elikhethekile lokuloba noma owesimame ophilayo, inja, kanye nenethi yokufika. Namuhla, ukuzingela okunjalo kudumile kakhulu, ngakho-ke kuyindleko enkulu ukukhulisa izigwaca ezindaweni zokuzingela. Kepha kwezinye izifundazwe zaseYurophu, ukuzingela izigwaca akuvunyelwe.

Amacala obuthi anobuthi yinyama yezigcwaca zasendle ayaziwa. Izimbangela zobuthi obunjalo ukugcotshwa kwenyoni yezinyoni ngazinye zezinto ezinobuthi ezitholakala kwezinye izitshalo. Amacala obuthi ayenzeka kakhulu, kepha njalo - isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia siqoshwa ekuqaleni kwekwindla, lapho izinyoni ziqala ukundiza ebusika.

Izigwaca ezivamile eCentral Asia nazo zagcinwa njengezinyoni ezilwayo. Lapho, ukulwa kwabesilisa izigwaca kuyinto evamile. Abaninizimbotshana zezigwaca bavame ukuzigqoka esifubeni. Ngaphansi kwenkundla yokulwa, eyayihlala ihambisana nokubheja, kwakusetshenziswa imigodi ebanzi, odongeni lapho bekubukelwe khona izibukeli. Futhi ezikhathini zanamuhla, ukubanjwa kwezimpi ezinjalo zezinyoni akuyona into engjwayelekile kulesi sifunda.

Futhi kugwaca lwakudala lwalubhekwa njengezwi lowesilisa, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukucula, yize kunokufana kakhulu ngaye, ngoba ubukeka njengomsindo. Izinsikazi ezingamaQuail azikwazi ukwenza imisindo enjalo. E-Russia yangaphambi kwezinguquko, izigwaca zazivame ukugcinwa ezinkanjini njengezimbobo zezingoma. Kuze kube manje, le nyoni nayo isetshenziswa njengendlela yokuhlobisa, kepha lokhu kuncane okudingayo kusuka ekubukeni kwebhizinisi.

Izimo zasekhaya

Imikhuso igcinwa kahle emakhejini ingabekwa eflethini, efulethini noma esibayeni. Igumbi kufanele lingenwe umoya omncane, lifudumele, likhanye futhi lingafinyeleleki ngamagundane.

Lapho ubeka futhi ugcina izigwaca, imibandela elandelayo kufanele ibonwe:

• ikheji kufanele lihlangabezane nezidingo zezinyoni zemvelo,
• Ukudla kukhethiwe kucatshangelwa iminyaka yezigcwaca kanye nenhloso yokukugcina,
• Izinyoni kufanele zinakekelwe kahle.

Igumbi

Ukuze kugcinwe izigwaca, kuyisiko ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zensimbi zonke, zokhuni noma ezihlangene.

Izinto zokwenziwa ngamaseli onke anensimbi i-aluminium, i-duralumin nensimbi. Amangqamuzana anjalo anezimfanelo ezibaluleke kakhulu:

• ukuqina,
• inhlanzeko
• ukudluliselwa okuhle kwesibani.

Kunezithiyo emiklamo enjalo - ebusika zipholile kakhulu, futhi ukwenza ikheji elinjalo ekhaya kunzima impela.

Ekwenzeni amaseli okhuni asebenzisa ukhuni oluqinile:

Izinhlobo zokuhlobisa zezigwaca zidinga amakheji ngebhodi eliphakanyisiwe kanye ne-tray yesilayidi embozwe ngesihlabathi 3 cm ubukhulu. Lezi zigwaca zithanda ukubhukuda esihlabathini, ngakho-ke kuyodingeka zihlanze imfucumfucu kaningi.

Isibani

Ubude bezinsuku zokukhanya kwelanga kanye nobungako bokukhanyisa ezinkanjini kubaluleke kakhulu kwizigwaca.

Ebusika, lapho usuku luba mfushane ikakhulukazi, ezinye izigwaca azinaso isikhathi sokudla ukudla okwenziwa nsuku zonke. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwengeza ngobuciko amahora angama-daylight kuya emahoreni angama-17 usebenzisa ukukhanyisa kukagesi.

Kusungulwe ukuthi ukukhanya kwezinyoni ezijwayelekile ze-incandescent negesi-light (ngaphezulu kwezomnotho) kufakwe inyoni ngokuphelele (ngaphandle komphumela wemisebe ye-ultraviolet) kuthatha indawo yemvelo yelanga.

Ingxenye ye-ultraviolet engaba khona kwemisebe yelanga, ebambezelwe ingilazi yewindi futhi ingekho ngaphansi kokukhanyisa okwenziwe ngamakhemikhali, inomphumela we-bactericidal futhi ikhuthaza ukwakheka kukavithamini D. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi esifudumele, kungakuhle ukuthi kuthathwe izigwaca phakathi nosuku kuvulandi noma egcekeni ukuze izinyoni zithole umthamo odingekayo wemisebe ye-ultraviolet. Kepha ingxenye yekheji kufanele ibethelwe ukuze izinyoni zingashisi ngokweqile futhi zithole ukushiswa ukushiswa.

Emakamelweni akhanyiswe kahle futhi lapho kuvezwa ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, izigwaca zizizwa zingcono, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda abo kuyanda, ukukhula kwentsha kukhula kugcwele.

Isikhathi sokukhanya okungezelelwe okwengeziwe kunqunywa ngokushintsha kwesizini ngobude bosuku, kanye nesimo sezulu. Isimo sezulu esinamafu, isibani kufanele sikhanyiswe ngaphambili, esimeni esingenamafu - ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Umswakama

Umswakama emakamelweni lapho kukhula khona izigwaca akumele ube ngaphansi kuka-50%. Emswakama ophansi, izinyoni ziqala ukuphuza kakhulu futhi zidla ukudla okuncane, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda kuyancipha, izimpaphe ziba brittle ngokwengeziwe, ziqine. Inani elikhulu lomswakama womoya wamakamelo anez izigwaca asebangeni lisuka ku-60 liye ku-70%.

Emswakama ophansi egumbini, ifulethi kufanele iniselwe noma kuthathwe amathreyi ngamanzi. Ngokukhethekile qapha ngokucophelela umswakama ekushiseni nangokushisa okukhulu kwegumbi.

Ukushisa

Ukushisa komoya kuthinta ukukhiqizwa kweqanda, isisindo seqanda nekhwalithi, ukudla okufungelwe, isisindo sezinyoni, nenhlala-kahle. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu lazo izigwaca lithathwa njengo-16-20 ° C.

Ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa komoya, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi ngezigwaca kukhuphuka, ingxenye ebalulekile yendlela yokugaya izinyoni igcwele uketshezi, futhi umswakama wokungcola nomoya egumbini uyanda. Njengoba izinga lokushisa lomzimba kanye nokufunwa kwamanzi kwezikhukhula ezinhle zokulala kuphakeme kunalezo zowesilisa nabesifazane abangasheshi, kuba nzima kakhulu ukuzivumelanisa nezinguquko zezemvelo.

Izinsimbi Zomakhalekhukhwini

Ngaphambi kokugcwalisa i-cage izigwaca, kufanele ifakwe ngogesi kanye nezitsha zokuphuza.

Lapho izigwaca zigcinwa ngamaqembu, abondli badinga ukukhishwa ekhejini babekwe phambi kwaso. Okokusebenza kokuphakelayo kumele kuhlangane nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

• ukunakekelwa okulula
• ukulahleka okuphansi kokudla
• ukungabi khona kokungcoliswa udoti,
• ukumelana nomswakama.

Okuphakelayo kokugcina izigwaca zasekhaya kwenziwa ngensimbi eshidi. Kumaseli enziwe efektri, okondlayo kuhlinzekelwa ngomklamo.

Ngogwaca olulodwa, ophuzayo kuleya cage ufakwe ngaphandle, kufana ne-feeder - phambi komgodi odongeni oluseceleni. Kungenziwa ngezinto ezifanayo nange-feeder.

Kondli ongaphelele, ukulahleka kokuphakelayo kungafinyelela ku-15-30%.

Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zokuphakelwa nokudla kweziqongo

Ukwakheka kokudla kwezigwaca kumele kufake:

• Okusanhlamvu, imfucuza yokusanhlamvu, imidumba kanye nembewu yotshani - ubhontshisi, i-vetch, i-peas, i-hempseed, ummbila, i-balkheheat, imbewu ye-poppy, i-oats, i-pearl ibhali, amabele, ukolweni okusanhlamvu, amabele, ilayisi, imbewu yokhula, u-isidyo kanye no-chumiza, u-soya, udali, ibhali, ukotini, isidlo, i-bran.
• Izithasiselo zezilwane - Amafutha, izigwaca igazi noma isidlo segazi, inhlanzi namafutha enhlanzi, isidlo sezinhlanzi, iyogathi, ushizi wekhokho, umhlume wegazi, umhlonyane wefulawa, inyama nesidlo samathambo, iminyundu, izimpethu, amaqanda.
• Amavithamini A, D, E, C, PP Iqembu B - amazambane abilisiwe, ama-dandelion, iklabishi, i-nettle, i-clover, i-alfalfa, ufulawa wotshani, u-anyanisi oluhlaza, izaqathe, ama-beet, ithanga, i-zucchini, izinaliti nefulawa ehlanganisiwe.
• Amaminerali - udrako, ukudla kwamathambo, ushoko, usawoti, amagobolondo, ama-egghell.

Uma kunokudla okunganele futhi okuhlukahlukene okunganele, ukudla okuwugwayi kungafaka: ama-premixes, amaprotheni kanye nama-vitamin supplements, imvubelo ne chiktonik.

Uma kungenakwenzeka ukondla izigwaca ngokudla okuhlanganisiwe, kungondliwa ngohlobo oluhlukile, okuphambi kokuxubeka okuhlanganisiwe (ama-mash Mats). Ukwakheka kwalezi zingxube kufanele kufake okusanhlamvu, amaprotheni (amaprotheni), amavithamini nokudla kwamaminerali.

Ithebula 2. Isidingo sezinzwakala kwezinye izinto

Ungazalela kanjani izigwaca?

Ukukhula okuncane kwekhaya nezigcwaca zokuhlobisa kungabanjwa ngezindlela ezimbili: okufakwayo - ku-incubator kanye nemvelo - ngaphansi kwezikhukhula. Ungagxilisa noma yimaphi amaqanda atholwe endlini, ngaphandle kwalawo enqatshiwe. Lezi zokugcina zisetshenziselwa ukondla amachwane nokudla kwabantu.

Iqanda elisanda kubekwa lifaneleka ngokuphelele ukubanjwa. Ukusuka emaqandeni anjalo, amaphuphu adonsa kuqala, akhula kangcono futhi athole isisindo ngokushesha.

Amaqanda alandelayo abhekwa njengengakulungele ukufakwa ekufukameleni:

• ukwakheka okungajwayelekile
• ephethe izikhupha ezimbili
• ne-yolk isuswe ekhaya noma inamathele egobolondweni,
• Igumbi elinomoya elizulazulayo,
• ethintwa isikhunta futhi enendawo emnyama.

Ukufakwa ngaphakathi

I-incubator kufanele inikeze amazinga okushisa aphezulu kanye nomswakama wokukhula kombungu. Beka amaqanda kuyo ngemuva kokufinyelela izidingo ezidingekayo zokugcina. Amaqanda kufanele abekwe emathileyi bese kuthi ekugcineni kuqhamuke, kube mnyama. Udinga ukuhlola umswakama kanye lokushisa ku-incubator njalo, uguqule amaqanda njalo emahoreni ama-2.

Imibungu ye-Quail ayithambekele ekushintsheni kwezinga lokushisa ku-incubator kunamanye imibungu eminingi yezinyoni. Babekezelela kalula ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa uma kwenzeka ukuphuma kwamandla kanye nokushisa ngokweqile kufika ku-40 ° C.

Ngosuku lwe-16, ngemuva kokuqala kokufakwa ekufukameleni, amaqanda abukwa ku-ovoscope. Kulesi sikhathi, imibungu ekhula ngokujwayelekile kufanele igcwalise konke okuphakathi kweqanda, ngaphandle kwegumbi lomoya ekugcineni kwalo. Ngemuva kokubuka kuma-ovoscope, amaqanda anombungu obukhoma kufanele adluliselwe ngokucophelela kumcuphi we-hatcher.Igobolondo ngalesi sikhathi selivele lincane kakhulu futhi libuthaka, ngakho-ke kufanele wenze ngokuqapha okukhulu.

Ngalesi sikhathi, amaqanda anemibungu efile noma ngaphandle kombungu asobala, okuqukethwe kwawo kuzoba nombala ophuzi. Amaqanda anemibungu efile kamuva iba mnyama ngombala. Emaqanda aqukethe imibungu ebukhoma, umbala wokuqukethwe uphinki.

Izimo ezikhulayo

Amachwane aphilile, agcwele agcwele abekwe emabhokisini anezinto ezisebenza ngogesi.

Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi amaphuphu ngaphansi kwehekitha kagesi atholakala ngokulinganayo ngaphansi komthombo wokushisa. Ukuwohloka kwamachwane kukhombisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa lekamelo liphansi kakhulu. Ukushisa okuphezulu kakhulu futhi akulungile kumachwane: aqala ukusebenzisa amanzi amaningi futhi alahlekelwe wukudla, okuthinta ukukhula kwawo nokukhula kwawo.

Ithebula 3. Izimo ezikhulayo zezigwaca

Akufanele kube nokubhaliwe egumbini. Amathanga aneminyaka engama-2 kuya kwengama-4 etshalwa embhedeni we-sawdust noma esihlabathini somfula esihlanzekile. Ngemuva kwalokho ukukhula okuncane kudluliselwa ezinkanjini lapho kugcinwa khona inyoni endala. Isikhathi sokukhanyisa amachwane kuze kufike kumaviki ama-3 ubudala kufanele sibe ngamahora angama-18-20 ngosuku, lapho-ke sincishiswa kancane kancane sibe ngamahora ayi-17.

Ukondla amachwane

Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala lokulinywa, amaphuphu anikezwa ukudla namanzi. Izinga lamanzi kulowo ophuzayo akufanele lidlule i-0.5 cm ukuze amaphuphu angashoni. Ekudleni, ukudla kwesilwane kumele kube khona:

• i-omeled ecutshwe kahle,
• izibungu ezincane zikafulawa,
• igazi.

Kufanele unikezwe amakhambi amasha asikiwe. Kuyadingeka ukondla amachwane kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa ngezingxenye ezincane, ngoba ukudla okuthambile (iqanda elibilisiwe elibilisiwe, inhlanzi ebilisiwe, njll.) Liwohloka ngokushesha. Ngosuku lwe-4, iqanda lihlukaniswa kancane kancane ekudleni.

Ezinsukwini zokuqala ezingama-4-7, amaphuphu akufanele anikezwe isihlabathi somfula. Abayihlukanisi kokuphakelayo futhi, ukugoqa, kungafa. Ngakho-ke, ezinsukwini zokuqala zokuphila kwamachwane, kungcono ukugcina udoti wephepha, oguqulwa nsuku zonke. Amanzi okuphuza athululelwa ezinkomishini ezifulethini.

Ngaphambi kokubekwa kwamaqanda (ezinhlotsheni zenyama kuqala ngemuva kwesikhashana kunokuba kufakwa ezinqandeni zamaqanda), izilwane ezincane zihlukaniswa ngocansi bese zidluliselwa kubantu abadala noma ukuze zikhule.

Ithebula 4. Isisindo bukhoma sezilwane ezincane kuya ngeminyaka

Funda kabanzi ngokuzalanisa nokugcina izinyoni lapha.

Impilo yezinyoni

Ngaphambi kokukhula izigwaca, udinga ukunakekela ikhaya labo elizayo. Akufanele kube nokubhaliwe nomoya owomile, onamawele. Izimpawu zokuthi izimo azilungeli izinyoni ziyoba ngamakhanda asezindongeni futhi kulahlekelwe izimpaphe kusuka ekhanda noma emuva.

Uma izinyoni isikhathi eside zizoba sesimweni esingafanele kuzo, khona-ke yonke iplamu yazo izoba brittle. Ukuqedwa kwalesi simo kuzosiza ukuqeda okusalungiswa futhi kudale umswakama omningi wezingcwaca.

Ukukhula okuncane kufanele kukhule ngokuhlukile kubantu abadala. I-microflora evamile, eqongelela emzimbeni wenyoni endala, ingabulala amachwane.

Ngaphezu kwezinkinga ngendlu yezinkukhu, amanani azo nawo athinta impilo yezinyoni. Uma indlu incane futhi kunezinyoni eziningi kuyo, khona-ke ingaqala ukugoqa. Lokhu kuholela ekulimaleni okuhlukahlukene nokufa.

Ukuhlanzeka

Ukuhlanzeka ekhejini kungenye yezimo eziphambili zokugcina impilo yezinyoni. Nsuku zonke udinga ukuqapha inhlanzeko yokusungula nemishini, susa imfucumfucu ekhejini.

Ngenkathi efudumele, kudingekile ikakhulukazi ukugeza abondli nezitsha zokuphuza, ukugcina imfucuza ehlanzekile: isihlabathi, sawdust. Ukuqongelelwa kwamathonsi kanye nokungcola emangqamuzaneni kudala izimo ezinhle zokukhiqizwa kwezinhlayiya zangaphandle.

Esakhiweni akufanele kube khona izikhala ezivumela izinduku ukuthi zingene kuwo; izinduku ezivelile kumele zichithwe. Izinyoni ezifile nezisemhlabeni okusolwa ukuthi ziyagula kufanele zihlukaniswe ngokuthembekile kuyo yonke eminye imfuyo.

Izifo zezinyoni

Imbangela enkulu yezifo ezingathathelanayo ukungondleki noma ukungondleki kwezigwaca. Ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamavithamini anempilo, lezi zinyoni zithuthukisa ukusilela kwamavithamini.

Izimpawu ezilandelayo ziyinkomba yokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba:

• ukulahleka kwesifiso,
• ikhanda liyadonsa,
• ukunwetshwa kwentamo
• ehlisa amaphiko
• izimpaphe ezonakele.

Ngokulashwa kwenkinga enjalo, ungamelana ngokwakho, ngaphandle kokubandakanya udokotela wezilwane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga nje ukondla inyoni ngendlela efanele.

Phakathi kwama-pathologies athelelekayo eziwugwaneni, ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• Isifo seNewcastle
• i-pulorosis
• i-aspergillosis
• colibacillosis,
• pasteurellosis
• isifo sohudo esithathelwanayo.

Ukuvimbela izifo ezithathelwanayo kulula kakhulu kunokuzelapha. Njengesilinganiso sokuvimbela, iziqukathi ezinoshukela noma chlorine zingafakwa endlini. Imiphumela emihle kuleli cala ikhombisa ukusetshenziswa kwamalambu e-ultraviolet.

Izimo ezingezinhle

Amapharamitha we-microclimate angalungile abangela ukucindezelwa ezinyangeni angafaka noma yimaphi amaphutha ekunakekelweni izigwaca, ukuzondla kwawo, ukuba khona kwezikhalazo zangaphandle nokunye okuningi.

Ukucindezeleka kungabangelwa yizinto zokucasuka ezifana:

• indlala,
• ushintsho olubukhali ekudleni
• umsindo omkhulu
• ukuqina endaweni yokugcina izinyoni,
• lokushisa okungafanele kanye nomswakama
• okuhlushwa umoya ophansi.

Ukuze ulondoloze inyoni, kuyadingeka ukudala zonke izimo ngobukhona bayo obujwayelekile. Noma yiziphi izici zokucindezela kufanele ziqedwe.

Izindleko zo izigwaca

Namuhla, iqanda lokufukamisela ukufakwa kungathengwa ama-ruble ayi-10- 35, kuya ngohlobo lokuzalela. Ngokwe-queil quail kubiza ama-ruble angama-30-60. Izinhlobo ezingafuneki futhi ezibizayo - ama-ruble angama-300-500.

Intengo yezinyoni ezifanele ukuhlatshwa ama-ruble angama-50-150. Isidumbu sesigwaca esenziwe ngomumo sibiza cishe ama-ruble ayi-600 ngekhilogremu enye. Intengo yamaqanda izigwaca elungele ukusetshenziswa ama-ruble angama-30 kuya kwayi-12.

Kungcono ukuthenga izinyoni ekwindla: ebusika zizokhula, ziqine futhi izintokazi zizoqala ukubeka amaqanda azo.

I-Quail luhlobo lwenyoni ejwayelekile kakhulu inyama yayo namaqanda awusizo kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu. Ukuze uzuze umkhiqizo omkhulu, kufanele wazi ama-nuances ayisisekelo wokuzala nokugcina amaphuphu. Uma konke kwenziwa ngokuya ngemithetho, khona-ke umphumela oyifunayo ngeke ube isikhathi eside esizayo.

Habitat

Izigwaca ezijwayelekile - inyoni, izidleke zayo zitholakala cishe kuwo wonke umkhawulo weMpumalanga Yurophu. Ezindongeni ezifuywayo, kubhebhetheke indawo eSiberia, kusukela emfuleni iLena kuze kube sekupheleni kweziqhingi zaseSolovetsky. Izinyoni zaseQuail nazo zingabonakala eScandinavia. Kukhulu abantu abaningi eNyakatho Melika. Kunezinhlobo eNdiya, China, Mongolia.

Quail - inyoni efudukayo noma cha?

Abamele izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala ngokunwebeka, lapho okushisa okuphezulu okuzinzile kwendawo ezungezile kubonwa khona, njengomthetho, bangazishiyi izindawo ezingabekeka kuzo. Ngakho-ke inyoni efudukayo iyizigwaca noma cha? Yilezi zinyoni kuphela ezithunyelwa emazweni aseningizimu minyaka yonke, izwe lazo lingamakhaza impela.

Le nyoni yezigwaca empeleni ayihlelelwanga izindiza ezinde. Ukuqondisa kwezinhlobo zezilwane osendaweni yomoya akunakubizwa ngokuthi kuhle. Ukunqoba amabanga aqakathekileko ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwesizini, zivame ukutshona emhlabathini ukuzilibazisa. Ukusuka ezifundeni ezisenyakatho indlela yabo ihlala emazweni ase-Afrika nase-Asia. Kulapha ukuthi izigwaca zidla ubusika, bese zibuyela endaweni yokuzalwa, lapho zizala khona inzalo.

Izici nendawo yokuhlala yezinyoni zezigwaca

Izigwaca zasendle ezingezomndeni we-pheasant, imvamisa zinesisindo esingadluli kumagremu ayi-100-150, zinobude obungama-20 cm futhi ziyisihlobo esincane senkukhu. Izimpaphe zezigcwayi zibhabhadiswa ngombala we-ocher.

Ingaphezulu lekhanda namaphiko, emuva nethoshi kugcwele ubumnyama nokukhanya, amabala ansundu nemivimbo, njengoba kubonwe ku isithombe senyoni. I-Quail Umbala onjalo ngemvelo usebenza njengokufihla okuhle.

Futhi lapho izigwaca zigibela phansi, cishe akunakwenzeka ukukubona. Isisu senyoni sinombala olula. Quail kanye izigwaca yehluka ngombala womphimbo, ngoba emadodeni inombala onsundu futhi omnyama, kuthi kwabesilisa kube mhlophe, kanti izigwaca nazo zinamabala esifubeni.

Izinyoni ezingezinkukhu ezilandelanayo, futhi ekwakhekeni kwemizimba yazo akuhlukile kunenkukhu, ngosayizi nombala wazo kuphela. Isilo izigwaca – uhlobo lwezinyoniukubalwa ngezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye.

Esithombeni, izigwaca ziyazifihla otshanini.

Okuvame kakhulu kubo izigwaca ezijwayelekile. Indawo yokuhlala yezinyoni yande kakhulu futhi ifaka i-Eurasia, iNyakatho kanye neNingizimu Afrika kanye nesiqhingi saseMadagascar. Eningizimu ye-USSR yangaphambili, inyoni ngasikhathi sinye yaba yinto yezemidlalo nokudoba, okwanciphisa kakhulu inani labantu abasebenza izigwaca, ikakhulukazi esifundeni sehlathi.

Lezi zinyoni nazo zizithola zisenkingeni ngenxa yokwehla kwendawo yamadlelo okuhloselwe amadlelo kanye nama-hayfields, lapho izinyoni zivame ukuzala khona. Izigwaca eziningi zafa ngenxa yobuningi bemishini yokuvuna kulezi zindawo, ngoba utshani obude kanye nesinkwa kuyindlela eyintandokazi yokuhlala, izidleke nokuzala izinhlobo zalezi zinyoni. Izinkukhu ze-Quail ngaphandle empeleni akuhlukile endle, ukondleke kahle ngokwengeziwe.

Izizathu zokuphiswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane

Kuze kube namuhla, izigwaca ezijwayelekile zihlala zingenye yezinto ezibalulekile ezithakaselwayo kubalandeli bokuzingela ezemidlalo. Ezinsukwini zakudala, ukukhiqizwa kwezinkukhu ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zezwe lethu kwakungezentengiso. Lesi simo sezinyoni ngakubantu saholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwenani lezinhlobo. Ukwehla okubalulekile kwenani lezigcwaca kuyabonakala ezindaweni ezisehlathini. Phambilini kulezi zifunda, inani labantu laliphezulu kakhulu.

Esinye isizathu sokunyamalala kancane kancane kwezinyoni zezigwaca ezindaweni zazo zemvelo ukukhiqizwa komhlaba kwemisebenzi yezolimo. Ngakho-ke, izindawo ezinamakhasi anotshani agqunywe izitshalo eziminyene ziyancishiswa. Yilo ndawo ezisebenzela izinyoni zezigwaca njengendawo yokudla nokuzalanisa.

Njalo ngonyaka, izigwaca eziningi ziyafa lapho zigqitshwa imishini yezimboni. Izinyoni zivame ukushiya kubekwa iqanda lapho umsebenzi womuntu uqala emasimini. Inkinga ukuthi isigaba somsebenzi esisebenzayo epulazini siwela ngesikhathi sezikhathi zokugcotshwa kwamachwane inyoni.

Umuntu wenzani ukuze alondoloze izinhlobo? Ukuze wandise inani labantu abasebenza izigwaca, kwenziwa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zemvelo. Njengoba umkhuba ukhombisile, isisombululo esisebenza kahle kunazo zonke ukudala izimo zokufuya izinyoni ezincane ezindaweni ezihlala emapulazini nakukhethekile.

Inani lezomnotho

Kulezi zinsuku, izigwaca ziya ngokuya ziba izinkukhu. Isilinganiso esikhulu kunazo zonke sokuxhaphaza okunjalo kwezomnotho kwezinyoni kuyabonakala eMelika. Ngenxa yokuthi izigwaca zikhethile ekukhetheni kokudla, kanye nasezimeni zokuphila nezindawo zokuphila, ziyakwazi ukuzala masinyane ekudingisweni.

Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izigwaca ezifuywayo sezenziwe izinguquko ezimangazayo uma ziqhathaniswa nabantu basendle. Okokuqala, lokhu kuphathelene nokwanda kosayizi bamaqanda, isisindo sawo sesibe cishe ama-45%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izigwaca ezifuywayo, njengoba kungenasidingo, zalahlekelwa yikhono lokundiza. Phakathi kwezinyoni ezigcinwa ngaphansi kwemibandela yamapulazi nezindawo zasendlini, ukunyamalala komqondo wesidleke, ukuqandusela amaqanda, nokunakekela okwalandela inzalo kuyaqapheleka.

Namuhla, amaqanda izigwaca angabonakala cishe kuzo zonke izitolo. Amaphrojekthi okuzala lezi zinyoni abukeka ethembisa kakhulu, enenzuzo. Njengomthetho, izinkukhu zezigwaca zigcinwa unyaka nesigamu. Esikhathini esizayo, zizala inani elincane lamaqanda futhi zilungele inyama kuphela. Ekuthunjweni, izigwaca azihlali isikhathi eside. Ukuguga okujulile kwezinyoni ezinjalo kubhekwa njengokucishe kube yiminyaka engama-4-5.

Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo

I-Quail (noma izigwaca ezijwayelekile) yinyoni engowomndeni we-pheasant. Lo mndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyisishiyagalombili ezikhona. Pheasant - umndeni ohlukahlukene wezinyoni ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene, izindlela zokuphila nezindawo zokuhlala.

Izici ezilandelayo zihlanganisa izinyoni ezahlukahlukene:

• isithembu,
• izinyoni azakhi ngazimbili ezinde, owesilisa, njengomthetho, unabesifazane abaningi,
• zisho izici zesibili zocansi zabesilisa,
• umbala wazo uhlukile kunowesifazane, uyakhanya,
• notch onqenqemeni olungasemuva lwe-sternum, phalanx olufushane lomunwe wangemuva,
• spurs, amaphiko oyindilinga.

Izinyoni zomndeni azivamile ukundiza, yize ziyazi ukuthi zikwenza kanjani. Ngenxa yokwakheka komzimba okhuluphele kepha omude nentamo enyakazayo, zigijima ngokushesha futhi zithanda ukudla isidlo nemindeni yazo phansi, otshanini obude noma ezihlahleni. Ngenxa yale ndlela yokuphila, bavame ukuba izisulu zabazingeli abakhulu nabancane, futhi baba yinto yokuzingela komuntu. Inyama ye-Pheasant ibhekwe kakhulu emakethe yemidlalo.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ezinye izinhlobo ze-pheasant zingahlangana nezinye.

Ngesikhathi izidleke, abesilisa balwa ukushiya inzalo. Amaqanda abekwa esidlekeni - ukudangala emhlabathini, kufakwe amaqabunga owomile notshani. Eminye imikhaya yakha imihlambi emincane.

Izici zokugcina ekhaya

Ukuzalanisa izigwaca kungumsebenzi olula. Lezi zinyoni zilambile ngokuphelele futhi ziyafuya, njengezinkukhu. Zingagcinwa ezindaweni zokudla kanye namakheji, lapho kungaba khona izinyoni ezingama-4-5. Izinduna nezigxobo zazo akuhleli. Ekuthunjweni, izinsikazi zibekela amaqanda ngqo endaweni esemhlabathini notshani obomile.

Izindawo ze-Quail zifakwe izitsha zokuphuza kanye nama-feeders, aqondiswe kumagremu kusuka ngaphandle. I-terrarium noma i-cage ibekwe egumbini elifudumele nelomile, lapho ukukhanya okuphakathi kugcinwa khona usuku lonke. Akunconyelwe ukuthatha izigwaca obala, ngoba lokhu kuholela enjabulweni yazo futhi kushayane nezihlobo.

Ukuzalelwa kwabamele izinhlobo zezithunjwa kungenzeka kuphela ngokufakwa kwamaqanda. Yize kunjalo, izinsikazi ezifuywayo azizizwa isidingo sokuqothula inzalo. Abafuyi bavame ukubeka amaqanda izigwaca ezinkukhu. Kodwa-ke, kulokhu, kungenzeka ukuthi bazochotshozwa.

Izigwaca zidliswa ikakhulu okusanhlamvu. Ama-groley webhali, ama-buckwheat, amabele, ne-oatmeal afakiwe ekudleni kwawo kwansuku zonke. Izinyoni ezinjalo zizizwa zidinga inani elithile lokudla kwamaprotheni, okusetshenziswa njengenyama eyosiwe, inhlanzi eyichibiwe, ushizi we-cottage shizi. Izigwaca ziphinde zondliwe i-nettle, izaqathi, iklabishi. Amaqanda nsuku zonke anikezwa amaqanda, udrako omncane.

Ekugcineni

Njengoba ubona, izigwaca ezijwayelekile ziyinyoni ethokozisayo, engajwayelekile. Kungekudala, lezi zinyoni zazingabonakala cishe kuyo yonke indawo endle. Kodwa-ke, abantu abahlaba umxhwele abagcwele kulezi zinsuku. Imikhumbi iyizinyoni ezifihla ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo lwendlela yabo yokuphila nemikhuba yabo ukuze balondoloze izinhlobo kuyinto enzima kakhulu.

Isimo nendlela yokuphila yenyoni yezigwaca

Inyoni ye-Quail emazweni anezimo sezulu ezifudumele, imvamisa ayishiyi indawo yokuhlala, kepha indiza isuka eningizimu ibuya ezindaweni ezibandayo minyaka yonke. Le nyoni ayikwazi ukundiza okuhle nokude, futhi ibalekela izitha.

Ibalekela esibhakabhakeni, le nyoni ayikwazi ukukhuphuka iphakeme kakhulu futhi indiza ngaphezulu komhlaba, ishaya amaphiko ayo kaningi.Izigwaca zichitha impilo yayo emhlabathini, phakathi kwesembozo sotshani obukhulu, obushiye ukubukeka kwemikhuba nokubukeka kwale nyoni.

Utshani buvikela izigwaca ezilwaneni ezidla lubi, futhi lesi isembozo esinokwethenjelwa abasaba ukusishiya ngisho nesikhathi esifushane kunazo zonke. Incamela ukugoba eduze komhlaba, izigwaca azikaze zihlale ezihlahleni. Ekwindla, izinyoni zanda kakhulu futhi ziya ezindaweni zobusika emazweni aseNingizimu Asia nase-Afrika.

Esikhathini esedlule, izigwaca zazibhekwa njengezinhlobo zezingoma. Kepha ukucula kwangempela kungabizwa kuphela ngamazwi abesilisa, okujabulisa izindlebe ezibucayi ngama-trwitting troll. Abesifazane benza imisindo efana nemiculo emnandi. Imisindo yezinyoni zezigwaca edume kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi esifundazweni saseKursk.

Ama-xuails ayefakwa ezindlini eJapan yangesikhathi esidlule, lapho ayesetshenziselwa khona ukukhiqiza inyama namaqanda, futhi ayebuye azalwe njengezinyoni zokuhlobisa. E-USSR, izinyoni zaziswa kuphela kuma-60s wekhulu leminyaka elidlule, lapho zaqala ukuzalanisa ezindaweni eziningi zasendlini.

Izinkukhu zalolu hlobo, ngokungafani nezihlobo zazo zasendle, zacishe zaphelelwa amandla okundiza, kanye nokulangazelela kwazo ngokwemvelo izindiza zasebusika kanye nemvelo yokudalwa kwezidleke. Azizibeki ngisho namantshontsho azo.

I-quail ivame ukufakwa kwezolimo ukuze ithole amaqanda. Abakhethi ikakhulukazi futhi banesimo sokuthobeka. Ukulondolozwa kwabo akudingi noma yiziphi izimo ezikhethekile. Ziyakwazi ukuzala ngisho nangamaseli amancane, acinene futhi acishe angaguli.

Emaqanda izigwaca zesithombe

Amaqanda we-Quail zithathwa njengomkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu onamavithamini amaningi futhi onezakhiwo eziningi ezisebenzayo. Futhi zingagcinwa isikhathi eside. Lezi zinyoni zinokushisa komzimba okuphezulu kakhulu, yingakho zigula kakhulu kunezinye izinyoni, ngenxa yokudla kakhulu, futhi azidingi ukugonywa.

Thenga izinyoni izigwaca kungenzeka emapulazini akhethekile ezinkukhu futhi nge-Intanethi. Ukuzalanisa lolu hlobo lwezinyoni akusizi kuphela ngokuthola amaqanda.

Inyama inempilo enhle kakhulu izinyoni izigwaca. Thenga emakethe noma ezitolo ezikhethekile ungakhokhela futhi amakheji akhethekile namabhokisi okugcina izilwane ezincane. Intengo yenyoni yezigwaca kuya ngeminyaka. Amakati abiza cishe ama-ruble angama-50, futhi abantu abadala abavela kuma-ruble ayi-150 noma ngaphezulu.

ECentral Asia, ngasikhathi sinye izinyoni zazizalwa ukuze zilwe nezimangaliso zezigwaca, lapho kwakubhejwa khona izinyoni kanti nezinyoni zazibheja. Abaniniyo babevame ukugqoka izigwaca zokulwa esifubeni futhi babebathanda kakhulu.

Quail - inyoni efudukayo noma cha?

Abamele izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlala ngokunwebeka, lapho okushisa okuphezulu okuzinzile kwendawo ezungezile kubonwa khona, njengomthetho, bangazishiyi izindawo ezingabekeka kuzo. Ngakho-ke inyoni efudukayo iyizigwaca noma cha? Yilezi zinyoni kuphela ezithunyelwa emazweni aseningizimu minyaka yonke, izwe lazo lingamakhaza impela.

Le nyoni yezigwaca empeleni ayihlelelwanga izindiza ezinde. Ukuqondisa kwezinhlobo zezilwane osendaweni yomoya akunakubizwa ngokuthi kuhle. Ukunqoba amabanga aqakathekileko ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwesizini, zivame ukutshona emhlabathini ukuzilibazisa. Ukusuka ezifundeni ezisenyakatho indlela yabo ihlala emazweni ase-Afrika nase-Asia. Kulapha ukuthi izigwaca zidla ubusika, bese zibuyela endaweni yokuzalwa, lapho zizala khona inzalo.

Ividiyo: Quail

I-Quail inamaphiko amafushane amboze ngokuphelele imizimba yayo, ikhanda elincane nentamo ende ende. Imilenze emikhulu ibavumela ukuba bagijime ngokushesha, banqobe izithiyo futhi bambe umhlabathi bafuna imbewu noma bakhe isidleke. Yize imbandezelo esezandleni zazo, izigwaca azikwazi ukuzivikela kubazingeli. Izimpawu ezihlukile zowesilisa nabesifazane zivele zivele evikini lesithathu lokuphila ngemuva kokuvela kwensangu. Abesilisa bakhula ngokushesha, bakhula babe baningi futhi babe nesisindo.

Iqiniso elihehayo: Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomndeni we-pheasant, abesilisa noma abesifazane abasebenza izigwaca abanama-spurs.

Abesilisa bahlukile kwabesifazane: banebele elibomvu (ngenkathi elinsikazi limhlophe), amaki ansundu aphuzi phezu kwamehlo nasemlonyeni. Nazo ngokwazo zikhulu ngosayizi, kodwa nokho zithanda ukugwema umhlaseli kunokulwa. Izinzipho zabesilisa zinde futhi zinamandla, ngoba ziyazidinga ukuze zilwe nazo ngesikhathi sokukhwelana.

Ngabe kuhlala izigwaca kuphi?

Photo: Quail eRussia

Le nyoni ejwayelekile kakhulu, eseyaziwa njengomdlalo emazweni amaningi omhlaba.

Kujwayelekile ku:

• IYurophu
• ENyakatho Afrika
• I-West Asia
• IMadagascar (lapho kunezinyoni zivame ukuhlala unyaka wonke ngaphandle kwendiza ngenxa yenani elincane lezitha zemvelo),
• empumalanga yeBaikal nakuyo yonke indawo ephakathi yeRussia.

Izigwaca ezivamile, ezivamile eRussia, zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili: i-European neJapan. Izinyoni zaseJapan zigcinwa eJapan futhi manje zifakwe emapulazini ezinkukhu zenyama namaqanda, ngakho-ke izinamba zazo endle zincishisiwe. Izigwaca zaseYurophu zivame kakhulu. Ngenxa yendlela yokuphila enamahloni, le nyoni indiza amabanga amade ngenxa yokudla isidleke. Izindiza zitholakala ngqo eMiddle Iran naseTurkmenistan, lapho indiza khona ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli. Ngasenyakatho - esifundeni esiphakathi saseRussia - imihlambi yezigwaca indiza ekuqaleni kukaMeyi ngamachwane asekhulile kakade.

Iqiniso elihehayo: eRussia, bakhetha ukuzingela izigwaca ncamashi lapho besuka besiya ezifundeni ezifudumele ebusika - izinyoni eziningi zindiza emoyeni futhi kulula ukungena ngazo. Ekuzingeleni okunjalo, izinja eziqeqeshiwe zisetshenziselwa ukuletha inyoni edutshuliwe kumzingeli.

Le nyoni ithanda ukuhlala emaqeleni nasensimini kunasehlathini. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthambekela kwakhe kwindlela yokuphila yasemhlabeni, ngaphezu kwalokho, bakha izidleke emhlabathini. I-Quail ithanda isimo sezulu esomile, musa ukubekezelela amazinga okushisa aphansi kakhulu.

Ngabe kudlani izigwaca?

Photo: Quail Ungqimba

I-Quail - izinyoni ezinhle kakhulu ezisebenzisa ingxenye enkulu yempilo yazo ezimeni ezinzima zaseRussia maphakathi. Ngakho-ke, ukudla kwabo kulinganisela - lezi yizimbewu, okusanhlamvu, utshani obuluhlaza (i-quinoa, i-Woodlice, i-alfalfa, i-dandelion, u-anyanisi wasendle), izimpande nezinambuzane. Endle, amachwane alezi zinyoni adla ukudla okunamaprotheni amaningi: izibhungane zamabhungane, iminyundu kanye nezinye izinambuzane “ezithambile”.

Ngobudala, inyoni ishintshela ekudleni okususelwa esitshalweni - lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba uyeka ukukhula futhi udinga inani elikhulu leproteyini. Ngenkathi kubalulekile ukuthi amaphuphu akhule ngokushesha futhi aqale ukundiza, ukulungiselela indiza ende phakathi kwamazwe namazwekazi ngenyanga eyodwa. Izinkukhu ezingadli ukudla okwanele kwamaprotheni ziyomane zife ngenkathi indiza noma ziye kwabazingeli.

Njengoba izigwaca zisetshenziswa kabanzi njengenkukhu, ukudla kwazo kuhluke kancane kwelejwayelekile “kwasendle”. Ama-cookies, njengamaprotheni ne-calcium, anikezwa ushizi we-codge oxutshaniswe ne-protein yeqanda elibilisiwe. Kwesinye isikhathi kufakwa ufulawa wommbila lapho ukuze isisindo singabambeki ndawonye.

Izinyoni zabantu abadala zondliwa ngokudla okulungiselelwe izigwaca - ukudla kwenkukhu akuhambelani nazo. Zonke izinhlobo zamavithamini ne-bran zifakiwe, ukuze izinyoni zikhuluphe futhi zibeke amaqanda. Esikhundleni sokuphakelwa, ungaxuba okusanhlamvu namabele, kwesinye isikhathi unezela amaqanda abilisiwe kanye noshizi we-cottage shizi.

Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Ngenxa ye-omnivorous, izinyoni zinggaya inyama yenkukhu ebilisiwe, ngakho-ke zingakwazi ukufaka izibungu kanye nezinambuzane ekudleni “kwezibi zasendle” “zasendle”.

Izinyoni ziphinde zondliwe ngamakhambi wazo ajwayelekile, kufaka phakathi u-anyanisi oluhlaza ongazenzisi obukhali - lokhu kuqinisa ukungatheleleki kokugomela kwezinkukhu. Esikhathini sobusika, okungajwayelekile kubo, kungcono ukuthi unikeze utshani obomile obuchotshoziwe, obuhlanganiswa ne-feed ejwayelekile.

Futhi izigwaca endle nasekhaya zingadla:

• amathambo enhlanzi noma izinhlanzi,
• imbewu yelanga, okusanhlamvu okuphelele. Izinyoni zabo zitholakala emasimini ezolimo,
• uphizi, amagobolondo aqhekekile,
• usawoti.
• amagobolondo achobozekile noma amagobolondo aminyene ngokuphelele njengesengezo se-calcium.

Manje usuyazi ukuthi ungazondla kanjani izigwaca. Masibone ukuthi inyoni ihlala kanjani endle.

Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila

Isithombe: Izigwaca zabesilisa nabesifazane

Imikhumbi iyizinyoni ezithanda ukuthula ezingenazo izindlela zokuzivikela ngaphandle kokufihla. Entwasahlobo, baya emasimini ezolimo, lapho badla khona ngezilimo futhi bambe nemifino. Kulokhu kudla, izinyoni ziyanuka ngokushesha, yingakho zifa kaningi ngesikhathi sezindiza. Izinyoni zilungiselela ukundiza lapho izinga lokushisa lomoya liqala ukwehla ngaphansi kwama-degree degrees. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaphuphu asevele aqine futhi efunda ukundiza, ngakho-ke izigwaca ziduka zangena ezikoleni ezinkulu. Kepha ezifundeni lapho kuhlangana khona amazinga okushisa, izigwaca zingahlala iminyaka ephelele, yize ngokwemvelo zimiselwe izindiza.

Izindiza zezinyoni zingathatha amasonto ambalwa - phakathi "kwama-marathons" anjalo kuphela izinyoni eziqine kakhulu ezisindayo. Isibonelo, ukusuka eSiberia eseMpumalanga, ezinye izinhlobo zezikelebhu zindizela eNdiya ngesikhathi sasebusika, okuthatha amasonto amathathu nesigamu. Ekupheleni kwesizini efudumele, izigwaca zingena emihlambini emincane (kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kuyimindeni yonke enamachwane nabazali besithembu) - yindlela yokuzifudumeza ebusuku. Ukusuka ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia bandiza ngoSepthemba futhi eduze kuka-Okthoba.

Ngenxa yamaphiko abuthakathaka kanye nomthethosisekelo womzimba okungakuthandi ukundiza, ayama ukuma njalo (ngokungafani nokugwinya noma ukuswakama okufanayo). Ngenxa yalokhu, izinyoni ziba sengozini yezinyamazane nabazingeli - ekugcineni kwendiza, cishe amaphesenti angama-30 wezinyoni ziyafa. Amawindi wezinyoni eziyishumi adingeka kakhulu kuwo lapho efuna imbewu nezinambuzane emhlabathini oqinile weRussia maphakathi. Kepha abakubekezeleli ukungcoliswa kwamapayipi, ngenxa yalokho, "imikhuba" yansuku zonke yezinyoni ifaka ukuhlanza izimpaphe kanye nokuhlanzwa kwengxabano eyedlulele yesidleke sabo. Ngendlela efanayo, izimpaphe ezihlakayo, zikhipha izimuncagazi ezingqubuzanayo.

Owesifazane ngamunye unesidleke sakhe - abesilisa kuphela abanaso, ngoba matasa kakhulu emsebenzini, bebheka ingozi engaba khona. Isidleke singumgodi omncane emhlabathini lapho izinyoni zigaya ngama-paws amakhulu agwabekayo. Umgodi ubekwa ngotshani obomile namagatsha.

Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala

Photo: Quail Chick

Izinyoni zidla ngamaphakethe abantu abangu-15-20. Leli nani libavumela ngokwengeziwe ukugwema ukushayisana nabahlaseli futhi baphile ngenkathi kuqala ukubanda kakhulu. Kakhulu umhlambi wezinsikazi nabesilisa abesilisa abaningana, abafaka umquba izigwaca eziningana. NgoMeyi noma uJuni, lapho izigwaca zizizwa zikhula ukushisa, isikhathi sazo sokuzala ziyaqala. Abesilisa bafuna abalingani futhi bahlele ukulwa, okungakhonjiswa ngokuhlabelela ngokuthula ("umculi" omuhle kakhulu ozoba nelungelo lokushada) nasekulweni okunolaka.

Iqiniso elithandekayo: Ukulwa kwe-Quail, kanye nama-cockerels, kuyathandwa phakathi kwabantu, kepha akubona begazi kangako ngenxa yokungabikho kwama-spurs kuma-paws izigwaca.

Ukuthomba kowesifazane kwenzeka eneminyaka eyodwa ubudala - sekwephuze kakhulu ukuthola izinyoni ezikhula ngokushesha, kepha ukukhula sekwephuzile kunxephezela inani lamachwane angakhiqizwa ngugwayi olulodwa. Owesifazane wemba isidleke futhi asihlomisele inzalo yesikhathi esizayo. Imihlambi ye-Nesting incike ekutheni umhlaba uvundile kangakanani - imvamisa itholakala eduze kwamasimu wezolimo.

Ukuhlomisa isidleke, izigwaca azisebenzisi kuphela amagatsha notshani, kepha futhi nefluff yazo. Ngesinye isikhathi, inyoni ingabekela amaqanda angafika kwangama-20, okukuningi kuqhathaniswa nezinkukhu (kathathu ngaphezulu). Owesilisa akahlanganyeli kunoma yini ekunakekeleni insikazi, kepha akasuki esidlekeni amasonto amabili ngisho noma elamba kakhulu futhi womile. Ngesikhathi sokuqhanyelwa, izinsikazi zisengozini enkulu kakhulu yezitha.

Ama-hatch hatch azimele futhi aqine, lapho eseneminyaka eyodwa nesigamu kuphela lapho esekhule ngokugcwele cishe cishe ngezinyoni ezindala. Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala bafuna ngokuzimela ukudla, bekwazi ukuphunyula kumhlaseli. Omama bavame ukwakha uhlobo “lomkhombe” lapho iqembu lezigwaca linakekela izingane ezinkulu.

Isifiso esithuthukisiwe somama sokubeletha sinikeze omama izigwaca into ethokozisayo ebonwa ezinyoni eziningi (isibonelo, ama-pheasants kanye namaphethelo). Uma inyamazane encane enjenge-weasel noma impungushe ibonakala eduzane, izigwaca noma kunjalo ziyashiya isidleke, kodwa zenze sengathi zinephiko elilimele. Njengoba unama hops amafushane, uhola inyamazane esidlekeni, bese ekhipha imali ephakeme abuyele ekubumbeni - isilo asihlali singenalutho bese silahlekelwa ngumkhondo wesinyamazane.

Izitha Zemvelo Yemvelo

Photo: Quail emvelweni

I-Quailing ingukudla kwabazingeli abaningi behlathi ne-steppe.

Okokuqala, yile:

• izimpungushe. Bahlasela izigwaca ebusuku, lapho bengakwazi ukunqanda ukuhlaselwa otshanini obukhulu. Izimpungushe zingenye yezitha eziphambili zokugcwala izindwani, ngoba yizo ezixhasa kakhulu inani lalezi zinyoni ngokujwayelekile,
• izimpisi. Lezi zilwane ezinkulu aziveli kakhulu ukuphuma endaweni yehlathi, kepha ngesikhathi sokudla ziyakwazi ukulandelela izigwaca. Yize kungenxa yobukhulu bazo obukhulu nokuvilapha, izimpisi azikwazi ukubamba inyoni enamaqhubu,
• i-ferrets, i-weasels, i-ermines, ama-martens. Abazingeli abanekhono bangabazingeli abahle kakhulu kulezi zinyoni, ngoba zihamba ngokushesha njengogwaca. Kepha ngaphezu kwakho konke banentshisekelo ngamachwane,
• amanga namaphisi. Bancamela ukulandela imihlambi yezinyoni ngesikhathi sokufuduka kwesizini, ngaleyo ndlela bezondla ngokudla isikhathi eside,
• ama-hamsters, ama-gophers, namanye amagundane. Izigwaca uqobo ziyazithanda, kepha azinandaba nokudla amaqanda, ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi zilimaza izidleke zazo uma zingafinyelela emaqanda aqandisiwe.

Izitha zemvelo azisongeli isibalo sezigwaca, ezingashiwo ngokuzingela, ngoba ngenxa yazo ukubukeka kwesiwaca esijwayelekile kunganyamalala.

Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo

Isithombe: I-Wild Quail

Quail - inhloso yokuzingela kwezemidlalo nokuzingela inyama. E-USSR, ukuzingela izigwaca kwakubhebhetheke kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukubhujiswa kwabo kwenzeka ngezimboni. Endaweni yasehlathini, izinyoni zanyamalala cishe ngokuphelele, ngalesi sikhathi izinhlobo ezimbili zomndeni we-pheasant zacekelwa phansi. Kepha ngenxa yobucwayi bezigwaca, azifanga ngokuphelele.

Iqhaza elibalulekile ekugcineni inani lezinhlobo lalidlalwa ngokuzalaniswa kwazo. Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, amaJapan aphatha izigwaca zaseJapan futhi aqala ukuzalanisa emapulazini ezinkukhu. Le nyoni icishe ayizikhethanga, futhi izinhlobo zayo zagcinwa ngenqwaba yabantu. Futhi, inani lezigwaca laqala ukwehla ngenxa yesinye isici se-anthropogenic - ukutshalwa komhlaba wezolimo.

Kunezizathu eziningi zokufa kwezinyoni:

• okokuqala, ukubhujiswa kwendawo yabo yemvelo. Izinkukhu ezazingakwazi ukuphuma esidlekeni ngenkathi zibopha amaqanda, inqwaba yashona ngaphansi kwamasondo emishini yezolimo,
• okwesibili, ukuphathwa kwembewu nezitshalo ezondla ama-zinambuzane ezibulala izigwaca ezingakwazi ukugaya isisu sazo,
• okwesithathu, ukubhujiswa kwendawo yabo yokuhlala nokudla kwabo. Izitshalo, izinambuzane, indawo enempilo yama-steppe esezingeni elifanele yaphela lapho kulinywe inqwaba yabantu e-USSR, ngenxa yokuthi izigwaca zavinjwa ithuba lokuzala futhi, ngenxa yalokho, inani labantu lalincipha.

Kunzima ukuthi sibize ngisho isibalo esilinganayo sezinyoni, kodwa kuyaziwa ukuthi izinhlobo azikho ekuqothulweni futhi azidingi kuvikeleka. Ngenxa yokusakazeka kabanzi emapulazini amakhulu nasekhaya, izigwaca zabuyisela inani labantu engaphansi kwengxenye yekhulu, futhi inani labo liyanda.

I-Quail - izinyoni ezibalulekile emvelweni nasekhaya. Emahlathini ama-steppes, akha ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla, futhi kubantu yinyama namaqanda anamnandi, akhiqizwa yizinyoni ngobuningi.I-Quail ayinzima ukuyigcina, ngakho-ke abantu bafunda ngokushesha ukuyikhulisa ngezimboni. I-Quail - Omunye wabamele "abaphumelele" kakhulu bomndeni we-pheasant.

Inyoni ye-Quail. Incazelo, izici, izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, indlela yokuphila kanye nendawo yokuhlala izigwaca

I-Quail yaziwa yibo bonke njengenyoni yasendle efudukayo futhi inyamazane efiselekayo yabazingeli. Ngenxa yenyama namaqanda anamnandi aphile kahle, muva nje iye yavinjwa abalimi nabalimi bezinkukhu. Kufanele wazi okuningi mayelana nokuphila, indawo yokuhlala kanye nomehluko phakathi kwezinyoni zasendle nezihlobo zazo ezifuywayo.

Izici:

Umzimba wale nyoni uhlotshiswe ngezimpaphe ngemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, omnyama, onsundu, okhilimu noma omhlophe. Ama-xuail anemilenze emide neqinile yombala onsundu. Izitho ezingezansi zomzimba zidwetshwe ngombala ofwayiwe ofudumele okhanyayo. Quail has miromo:

Ubude bomzimba woogwaca buyi-10 - 20 cm, inyoni inesisindo kusuka ku-70 kuye ku-140 g, amaphiko ayo angama-32- 35 cm. Izigwaca zinamaphiko amade abucayi, kepha izinyoni zindiza amabanga amafushane.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezigwaca zihlukile ngombala, usayizi nendawo yokuhlala. Ezinye izigwaca zine-crest ekhanda, enesimo se-teardrop.

Habitat nokudla izigwaca

Quail bukhoma:

• emahlathini,
• emasimini nasezindaweni ezivulekile ezimboze izihlahlana,
• emasimini
• ezweni lamapulazi.

Izinyoni zigcwele eYurophu, e-Australia, e-Asia, e-Afrika naseMelika. Izinhlobo zasendle zezigwaca zaseJapan zihlala eRussia, eMpumalanga Asia nase-Afrika.

Izinyoni zihlala endaweni efanayo impilo yazo yonke, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane azihambi. Imisuka ayikhuphuki izihlahla noma izihlahlana.

Quail omnivorous, kepha ama-95% ekudleni aqukethe izinto zezitshalo, izinyoni zidla:

Yisiphi isisulu esidla uhlaka

Ngenxa yobukhulu bezinyoni nobuthakathaka bamaqanda, izinyamazane eziningi ziziphindisela ngezigwaca, lokhu:

Abantu bangabahlaseli abaphambili ababulala izigwaca kakhulu.

Ebhekene nezilwane ezihlaselayo, izigwaca:

• abaleke acashe.
• indiza amabanga amafushane
• iqhwa ngokunganyakazi.

Ezinye izinhlobo zezigwaca zinama-heel spurs; zisebenzisa lezi zinhlaka zamathambo ezilwa nezitha.

Kunzima ukuqaphela i-Quail otshanini ngenxa yepayipi lokuzifihla.

Izinyoni zixhumana kanjani

Izigwaca zenza imisindo ephakeme, edabukisayo neyegiggling, iphinde ikhiqize ngesigqi nangendlela efaneleyo.

Izigwaca zizinika kanjani izingane futhi zinakekele isidleke

Izindlovu zitholakala emhlabathini, mhlawumbe ezindaweni ezivulekile, amasimu okusanhlamvu kakolweni, ummbila kanye nezimbila.

Lapho izigwaca ziphenduka izinyanga ezimbili ubudala, zilungele ukushada. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayi-1 kuye kwayi-12, imvamisa ayi-6, kuya ngohlobo. Amaqanda ama-Quail apendwe ngemibala egqamile. Ukuqhekeka kuqhume emva kwamaviki amathathu.

Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezigwaca, amaphuphu ayakhiwa, ashiye isidleke futhi alandele abazali bawo ngokushesha ngemuva kokuqokwa.

I-Quail ekhaya kanye nezolimo

Kwezinye izingxenye zomhlaba, izigwaca zigcinwa njengezinkukhu noma izinkukhu zamaqanda enyama nawokudla. I-Quail - inyoni encane kunazo zonke epulazini, inesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-100. I-80% yazo zonke izigwaca ezikhuliswe ngokuthengisa ziyabiwa eChina.

E-EU, kukhiqizwa izigwaca eziyizigidi eziyi-100 ngonyaka. Sekukonke, kukhulunywa cishe izigidigidi zezigidi eziyi-1,4 emhlabeni ngonyaka.

Amaqanda e-Quail alala lapho esenamasonto ayisikhombisa ubudala. Izinkukhu zibulawa zinezinyanga eziyi-8 ubudala. Ama-xuail akhiqizelwe inyama abulawa emavikini ama-5.