Noma yikuphi ukugcwala kudinga umswakama. Akukho ukushoda kwamanzi ehlathini lemvula, kodwa kuvame ukuba kukhulu kakhulu kwalo. Izitshalo ezinamahlathi kufanele ziphile ezindaweni lapho kune izimvula ezinkulu nezikhukhula. Amaqabunga ezitshalo zasezindaweni ezishisayo asiza ekulweni nezimvula, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zazo zinethiphu yokudonsa eyenzelwe imvula esheshayo.
Izitshalo ezishisayo zidinga ukukhanya ukuze ziphile. Izimila eziminyene zamahlosi aphezulu ehlathi zidlulisela ukukhanya kwelanga okuncane kumahlosi aphansi. Ngakho-ke, izitshalo ezinamahlathi emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo kufanele zijwayele impilo kusihlwa, noma zikhule masinyane ukuze zibone ilanga.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ezindaweni ezishisayo izihlahla zikhula ngamagxolo acishe abe bushelelezi angaqongelela umswakama. Ezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingxenyeni engezansi yomqhele zinamaqabunga abanzi kakhulu ngaphezulu. Lokhu kusiza ukudlulisa ukukhanya kwelanga enhlabathini.
Izitshalo ezinjenge-ficus-stranglers zihola indlela yokuphila yokuhlanza. Zimila ngokushesha eziqongweni zezinye izinhlobo zezihlahla futhi ngaleyo ndlela zithole ngokushesha ukukhanya kwelanga okudingayo. Imvamisa, imbewu ye-ficus semi-epiphytes ithwalwa yizinyoni. Okusho ukuthi, lesi sitshalo siqala ukuphila konke okufana nama-epiphytes: imbewu, iwela kumagxolo ezihlahla, nayo ikhula lapho. Ama-strikars we-Ficus akhula kancane, kepha izimpande zawo ekugcineni zifinyelela emhlabathini.
Ngokuqondene nama-epiphytes ngokwawo, noma izitshalo zasemoyeni ezikhula ehlathini lemvula, zithola izakhi zomzimba ezimfucumfucweni zezitshalo nasezinyukeni zezinyoni, ezihlala ezimpandeni futhi ezingancikile emhlabathini ompofu wehlathi. Emahlathini emvula, kunezitshalo zasemoyeni ezinjengama-orchid, ama-bromeliad, ama-fern, ama-selenicereus amakhulu, nezinye.
Njengoba kushiwo, inhlabathi emahlathini amaningi asezindaweni ezishisayo ayimpofu kakhulu futhi ayinazakhi. Ukuze ubambe izakhi zomzimba phezulu kwenhlabathi, izihlahla eziningi ezinezimvula ezinezimpande ezingashonile. Ezinye zibanzi futhi zinamandla, njengoba kufanele zibambe isihlahla esikhulu.
Izilwane ezinamahlathi
Izilwane zehlathi lemvula ziyahlukahluka ngokuhlukahluka kwazo. Kukule ndawo yemvelo lapho ungathola khona inani elikhulu kakhulu labameleli bezilwane zomhlaba wethu. Iningi lazo lisehlathini lemvula lase-Amazon. Isibonelo, kunezinhlobo ezingama-1800 zezimvemvane zodwa.
Ngokuvamile, ihlathi lemvula yindawo yokuhlala yezinyamazane eziningi (izibankwa, izinyoka, izingwenya, amasalamanders), izisulu (ama-jaguars, amahlosi, izingwe, izingwe). Zonke izilwane zasendaweni eshisayo zinombala ogqamile, njengoba amabala nemivimbo kungukuzithela okuhle kakhulu kunqenqema yehlathi. Imisindo yehlathi lemvula ihlinzekwa yi-polyphony yezinyoni zezingoma. Emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo, inani elikhulu kakhulu lopholi emhlabeni, phakathi kwezinye izinyoni ezithokozisayo kukhona amahabhu aseNingizimu Melika okungelinye lezinhlobo ezingamashumi amahlanu zokhozi futhi olusondele ekuqothulweni. Azikho izinyoni ezihlaselayo ezingaphansi kwamathanga, ubuhle bawo obuseyindida.
Kukhona nezinye izinkawu eziningi ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo: ama-arachnids, ama-orangutan, amashimpanzi, izinkawu, izimfene, izinyoni, ama-gorilla asebomvu. Ngaphezu kwalokho kukhona ama-sloths, ama-lemurs, amabhere aseMalay kanye nelanga, obhejane, imvubu, ama-tarantulas, izintuthwane, i-piranhas nezinye izilwane.
Ukuqothulwa Kwamahlathi
Sekuyisikhathi eside ukhuni lweTropical luhlobana nokuxhaphaza nokuphanga. Izihlahla ezinkulu ziwumgomo wosomabhizinisi abazisebenzisela inzuzo. Asetshenziswa kanjani amahlathi? Indlela esobala kakhulu yokusebenzisa izihlahla zamahlathi imbonakalo yefenisha.
NgokweKhomishini yaseYurophu, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezinhlanu yokuthengiswa kwezinkuni e-EU yimithombo engekho emthethweni. Nsuku zonke, izinkulungwane zemikhiqizo ye-mafia yokhuni yamazwe omhlaba idlula emashalofini ezitolo. Imikhiqizo yezinkuni ezishisayo ihlala ibizwa ngokuthi “izinkuni zikanokusho”, “ukhuni oluqinile”, “izinkuni zemvelo” “nokhuni oluqinile”. Imvamisa, la magama asetshenziselwa ukufihla izinkuni ezishisayo ezivela e-Asia, e-Afrika naseLatin America.
Amazwe amakhulu athumela izihlahla ezishisayo yiCameroon, iBrazil, Indonesia neCambodia. Izinhlobo ezithandwa kakhulu futhi ezibizayo zezinkuni ezishisayo ezithengiswayo yi-mahogany, teak ne-rosewood.
IMeranti, i-ramin ne-gabun zihlukaniswa njengezinhlobo ezingabizi kakhulu zokhuni.
Imiphumela yokuqunywa kwamahlathi
Emazweni amaningi lapho amahlathi emvula akhula khona, ukugawulwa kwemithi okungekho emthethweni kuyinkinga evamile futhi kuyinkinga enkulu. Ukulahleka komnotho kufinyelela izigidigidi zamaRandi, futhi ukulimala kwemvelo nezenhlalo akunakubonwa.
Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi kuholela ekuqothulweni kwamahlathi nasekushintsheni okukhulu kwemvelo. Amahlathi emvula aqukethe amakhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni izinto eziphilayo . Njengomphumela wokuzingela, izigidi zezinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo ziphulukana nendawo yazo yokuhlala futhi ngenxa yalokho ziyanyamalala.
Ngokusho kohlu olubomvu lwe-International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), izinhlobo zezitshalo nezilwane ezingaphezu kuka-41,000 zisengozini, kufaka phakathi izinkawu ezinkulu ezinjengama-gorilla nama-orangutan. Izilinganiso zesayensi zezinhlobo ezilahlekile ziyahlukahluka kakhulu: kusuka ezinhlotsheni ezingama-50 kuye kwezingu-500 ngosuku.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imishini yamahlathi ebandakanyekayo ekususeni izinkuni ibhubhisa indawo ephezulu ebuhlungu, ilimaze izimpande namagxolo ezinye izihlahla.
Ukukhishwa kwe-iron ore, i-bauxite, igolide, uwoyela nezinye izimbiwa nakho kubhubhisa izindawo ezinkulu zamahlathi ashisayo, ngokwesibonelo, e-Amazon.
Inani lehlathi lemvula
Amahlathi emvula asendaweni eshisayo abamba iqhaza elikhulu esimisweni semvelo yomhlaba wethu. Ukudonswa kwale ndawo ethile yemvelo kuholela ekwakhekeni komphumela wokugcina ukushisa futhi, kamuva, ekushiseni komhlaba. Ihlathi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni jikelele - ihlathi lase-Amazon - lidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kule nqubo. Amaphesenti ama-20 okukhipha igesi yokushisa komhlaba abamba ukushisa komhlaba kuthiwa akhulunywa ngokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. Ihlathi lemvula laseAmazon lilodwa liphethe amathoni ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-120 zekhabhoni.
Amahlathi emvula nawo aqukethe inani elikhulu lamanzi. Ngakho-ke, omunye umphumela wokugawulwa kwamahlathi ngumjikelezo wamanzi ophazamisekile. Lokhu kungaholela kusomiso lesifunda kanye nezinguquko ezimweni zezulu zezulu - kube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.
Ihlathi lemvula liyikhaya labameleli abahlukile bezimbali nezilwane.
Ungawavikela kanjani amahlathi emvula?
Ukuze uvikele imiphumela emibi yokuqedwa kwamahlathi, kuyadingeka ukwandisa izindawo zamahlathi futhi uqinise nokulawulwa kwamahlathi emazingeni wombuso kanye nawezizwe zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuqwashisa abantu ngendima amahlathi adlala kule planethi. Ngokusho kwabezemvelo, kufanelekile futhi ukukhuthaza ukuncishiswa, ukucubungulwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kabusha kwemikhiqizo yehlathi. Ukushintshela emithonjeni yamandla ehlukile, efana negesi yamandulo, kunganciphisa isidingo sokuxhaphaza izinkuni zokushisa.
Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi, kufaka phakathi amahlathi ashisayo, kungenziwa ngaphandle kokulimaza le nqubo yezemvelo. EMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika nase-Afrika, ukugawulwa kwezihlahla kuyindlela ekhethiwe. Kuphela izihlahla ezifike ebangeni elithile nobukhulu be-trunk, futhi ezincane zihlala zingakatshelwa. Le ndlela ibangela ukulimala okuncane kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zehlathi, ngoba ikwenza sikwazi ukululama ngokushesha.