ILycaena Icarus iyi-butterfly edaywayo, omele umndeni weLycaenidae, okungajwayelekile ukuthi ungagcinwa njevemvane kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izinambuzane, umbala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka wamaphiko.
I-Icarus - uvemvane omncane - amaphiko ayo afinyelela ku-25-35 mm. Abesilisa bahlukaniswa ngamaphiko aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ohlanganiswe umugqa omnyama omnyama, futhi ingubo yensikazi ayihambelani neze negama elithi "Lycaenidae" - amaphiko akhe anombala onsundu futhi aqhakaza okwesibhakabhaka empandeni yephiko kuphela, emaphethelweni amaphiko agcwele izimbobo ezibomvu. Ingxenye engezansi yamaphiko ayo bobabili ubulili ipendwe ingwevu futhi inezindawo eziningi ezimnyama ze-ocular. Kulolu hlobo lwe uvemvane, izimbambo zangaphambili zemilenze zimfishane kunezinye.
Indawo yokuhlala kwalesi sinambuzane iyonke i-Eurasia yangaphandle, ngaphandle kweziqhingi zaseJapan, ngakho-ke, i-Icarus lycaenidae isakazeke eRussia kokubili engxenyeni yaseYurophu nase-Asia (iMpumalanga Ekude, eSiberia).
Ama-Lycaenidae athobekile ekukhetheni kwendawo yokuhlala. Zitholakala ema-metad ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, ama-glade, ama-clearings, imiphetho, imigwaqo yokuhlukaniswa kwemigwaqo emikhulu nojantshi, izindawo ezingenabantu, izingadi, amapaki ngisho nasezigcawini ezincane zedolobha. Kulokhu kulandela ukuthi isivakashi ngasinye sanoma yisiphi ipaki yaseMosesi sinethuba lokuhlangana naleli bhabhathane elincane elinesineke. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu yezwe, izimvemvane ze-Icara zimboza i- “alfalfa” “ngokhaphethi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka”. Uvemvane udla ikakhulukazi umpe wezitshalo ezingama-leguminous (melilot, gorse, njll).
Ngokuya ngobubanzi, inamandla okukhulisa ezizukulwaneni ezingama-2-3. Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ngokwesibonelo, endaweni yama-steppe e-Ukraine naseCrimea, ukuthuthukiswa kwesizukulwane sesine kuyenzeka. Engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-Eastern Europe ungathola abantu abadala cishe ngasiphi isikhathi ukusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba. Imvamisa, insikazi ibeka iqanda elilodwa ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwamaqabunga ezitshalo ze-herbaceous, eziyondla yona, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ngamakhasi amancane amaqabunga amancane noma phezulu kwesiqu. Imvamisa, izinsikazi zikhetha lezo zitshalo ezikhula eduze kwezintuthwane. Uma isimo sezulu sihle, kuthi-ke cishe isonto kamuva kuqhume izibungu ezincane zamacimbi. Zingaqashelwa ngombala (oluhlaza okomugqa ophuzi ngemuva) nangejamo lazo elingafani nalutho (ukuveza ngokuqinile emuva nesisu esisicaba, njengentwala yezinkuni). Izimbali zisebenza njengokudla kwazo, kepha hhayi umpe, kepha amaqabunga, ngoba amacimbi, ngokungafani nezimvemvane, anesixhobo esinamandla somlomo wokugedla.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lezi zibungu ezincane “ezaziboshwe” kuphela, lapho seziqale zamboza amaqabunga aphezulu, zehla kancane futhi “zingabangane” nezintuthwane. Zingahlakulela isikhathi eside eduze kwazo - otshanini obakhelene ne-anthill, ngenkathi zihlangana ngokuthula impela futhi zixhumana nezilwane zazo eziningi. Ezimweni eziningi, amacimbi wesizukulwane sokugcina ubusika, kaningi, i-pupae. Njengendawo ebusika, bakhetha iziqu, izindawo ezisekelweni zezitshalo noma udoti. Imvamisa izintuthwane “zisiza” izimvemvane zesikhathi esizayo ngokuletha izimpungushe zazo “ezindlini ezifudumele” - izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zokuqhekeka neminye indawo yokukhosela emhlabathini.
Le uvemvane yaziswa kakhulu umuntu, ngoba iletha izinzuzo ezinkulu emvelweni, ngokuba ngumpholi wezimbali zezitshalo eziningi zasendle nezitshaliwe.
Ukuze uthole izincazelo nezithombe zabanye abahlala emapaki aseMoscow, bheka isigaba sezilwane.
Ukubukeka kukamabhungane
Ngosayizi, lezi zimvemvane zivame ukungabi zinkulu. Zinombala ogqamile onsundu wamaphiko.
Ngaphandle, zonke izinhlobo ze-lycaenidae ziyafana, kepha ziyehlukahluka ngephethini yamabala engxenyeni engezansi yamaphiko.
UButterfly Lycaenidae (Lycaenidae).
I-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwe ngokucacile, lokhu kuyabonakala ikakhulukazi ekufakweni kombala kwamaphiko - abesilisa banemisindo emincane kakhulu.
Ama-mappan ezinhlotsheni eziningi awadluli kumamilimitha angama-40, kanti ezinhlotsheni ezishisayo afinyelela amamitha ayi-60. Izimpiko zefomu elibanzi, emaphikweni asemuva kunezinye “umsila” omncane kwesinye isikhathi ziyabonakala.
Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wamaphiko ezinsikazi awukhulunyelwa njengowowesilisa.
Amehlo eLycaenidae okusaqanda nge notch, enoboya. Mancane, ngakho awangesabi umhlaseli. Kepha abakwaLycaenidae basebenzise amehlo abo hhayi ukwesabisa inyoni, kepha bayidumaze. Amanye ama-lycaenites ngaphansi kwamaphiko amakhanda awo "adwetshwe". Lapho inyoni ifaka uvemvane kuleli khanda, inengxenye yephiko kuphela, futhi uvemvane luyakwazi ukucasha. I-Palps imfushane, ne-antennae kilabhu okwenziwe ngekati. Imilenze yangaphambili imfishane kuneondozele naphakathi, inesibambo esisodwa ngakunye. Izinduna zangaphambili zowesilisa zakhiwe ngaphansi, azisetshenziswa ngenkathi uhamba, futhi kwabesifazane yonke imilenze yakheka kahle.
Izici ze-Lycaena Caterpillars
Amacimbi alezi zimvemvane anjenge-mycelium-flat, engxenyeni engezansi, kuthi emuva abonakale ngokuvezwa. Umzimba umfushane nekhanda lincane. Ubude bethrekhi abudluli kumamilimitha angama-20.
Bahlala ezihlahleni nasezihlahleni. Amakhethini aphila impilo eyedwa. Ngenxa yokwakheka komzimba nombala ngemivimbo, zihlala zingabonakali emaqabungeni ezitshalo zokudla. Amacimbi amaningi aseLycaenidae adla ama-aphid, ama-mealybugs, nezinye izilwane ezinamaphiko; kukhona nezimo zokweyisa. Ezinye izinhlobo ziwuphawu lwezintuthwane, zihlala ezitshalweni eziseduze kwama-anthill, futhi ipupae yazo ikhula ezidlekeni zezintuthwane.
Ingxenye engezansi yamaphiko eLycaena inethoni efiphele.
I-Lycaena pupae ayikwazi nje kuphela ukuphumula emhlabathini, kodwa futhi ingananyathiselwa kumagatsha namaqabunga nge-web spider. Ipula yomsila we-plum ifana nokulahlwa kwezinyoni, ngakho-ke kuhlala kungabonakali. Futhi uma uphazamisa i-pupa yomsila we-oki, yenza umsindo owesabekayo wokuqubuka. I-Pupae yama-chervonets aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka afana ne-chrysalis engenakubalwa yama-ladybugs.
I-Myrmecophilia Lycaenidae
Cishe uhhafu wabafelokazi baseLycaenidae ekukhuleni bahlobene nezintuthwane. Ama-caterpillars ne-lycaena pupae anezimpawu zamakhemikhali neze-acoustic ezivumela ukuba zilawule ukusebenza kwezintuthwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhipha uketshezi olunuka emizimbeni yamacimbi, eheha izintuthwane.
I-Butterfly Lycaena - ubuhle obunamaphiko bangempela.
Izinhlobo eziningi zeLycaenidae zihlala ngokusondelana nezintuthwane ezinamadlelo. Isibonelo, amacimbi e-Alcone lycaenidae ahlala ngaphakathi imbali cishe amasonto amathathu, bese ehlela emhlabathini ngentambo kasilika. Emhlabeni, balinda kuze kutholakale ngokusebenza kwezintuthwane futhi bayiswe kwi-anthill. Ngaphakathi i-anthill, amacimbi aqhela futhi adla i-pupae kanye nezibungu zentuthwane. Isikhunta senzeka e-anthill, ngemuva kwenyanga kuvela uvemvane epulini, eshiya i-anthill.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-lycaenidae zikhula kuphela izidleke zezinhlobo ezithile zezintuthwane, kepha ama-alkoni angahlala ezingxenyeni zezinhlobo zezintuthwane eziseduzane.
Indlela yokuphila yaseLycaenidae
Amabhu amaLycaenidae alwela ukuthatha owawo amasimu. Bahlala emiqheleni yezihlahla ezisezindaweni eziphakeme, futhi kusukela eziplangeni zabo baqhuba bonke abanye abesilisa. Kwesinye isikhathi bangahlasela ezinye izinhlobo zezimvemvane, ama-hummingbird kanye neminyovu.
Ezweni lethu kuhlala i-polyarusatus icarus, amaphiko ayo afinyelela amasentimitha ayi-3.5. Unika izizukulwane ezimbili ngonyaka. Amakhethini kulezi zimvemvane akhetha i-clover. Lezi zimvemvane ezinhle zihlala kulo lonke elaseRussia.
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