Ukusuka kwigama kuyacaca ukuthi inyoka incane kakhulu, abantu abadala akuvamile ukuba babe ngaphezu kwama-40-50 cm.Umude womsila ungama-40% wobude bomzimba wonke.

Faka umbala kusuka onsundu omnyama uye komnyama nochungechunge lwemikhawulo emifushane engama-30-45. Isisu simnyama ngombala ngezindawo ezinkulu ezibomvu. Ekhanda kungenzeka kube nezindawo ezinokhilimu ophuzi ezindaweni zesikhashana nezephariyali.

I-oviparous, ithebhu ingafinyelela kumaqanda ayi-8.

Ngaphandle, kufana kakhulu nabafowethu abanobuthi - izinyoka zamakhorali.

Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nendawo yokuhlala

I-Erythrolamprus breviceps itholakala emahlathini asezansi kwase-Amazon eningizimu mpumalanga yeColombia, impumalanga yeVenezuela, iGuyana, iSuriname, iFrench Guiana, i-Ecuador eseMpumalanga, enyakatho-mpumalanga yePeru, nenyakatho yeBrazil neBolivia.

Inyoka ihlala ezindaweni ezisempumalanga nezindawo ezisempumalanga, endaweni ephakeme, eqala cishe ukusuka olwandle iye ekuphakameni kwama-500 m.
Inyoka le isemhlabeni, kepha ibhukuda kahle. Idla ikakhulu ngeminyonyane, iminyundu, amasele nezinhlanzi ezincane.

Imikhuba yenyoka enemishayo.

Inyoka enamakhaza iyinyoka eyinqaba engaqondakali etholakala emanzini amile futhi ahamba kancane anezimila eziningi ezintantayo, njengamaxhaphozi aseCypress kanye nezikhukhula. Imvamisa iza ngemizimba yamanzi, lapho kukhula khona i-hyacinth. Inani elikhulu lezinyoka lihlala phakathi kwama-hyacinths asemanzini kanye namazimu aminyene avela ezimileni ezintantayo, lapho imizimba yazo iphakeme ngokuphelele noma ngokwengxenye ngenhla kwamanzi. Ama-hyacinths wamanzi nawo akhanga i-crayfish enezitshalo eziningi zokubola.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimila zasemanzini eziminyene zivikela izinyoka ezinemizila ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye. Ubuningi obukhulu bezinyoka kulezo zindawo zokuzivikela kuhlotshaniswa namanzi anendawo engathathi hlangothi nokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-calcium encibilikisiwe. Lezi zimo zikhawulela ukukhula kwesizinda esiminyene sama-crustaceans ama-repitles adla kuwo. Izinyoka ezinamachashazi ezimibhavu zifihla emiseleni yamakhrayoni ngesikhathi esomile sasebusika nezinkathi zentwasahlobo, kanye nasemigodini engaphansi kwamanzi egcwele imifino yasemanzini.

Izimpawu zangaphandle zenyoka eshintshashintshayo enemigqa.

Inyoka enemishayo inomzimba omnyama onsundu onsundu, ngasohlangothini lwayo lwesikhumba lapho imichilo emithathu emide emide ihamba ngayo yonke ubude. Umphimbo uphuzi, imigqa eminingana ye-ventral yamabala phakathi. Lolu hlobo lwezinyoka luhlukile kwezinye izinhlobo ezikalini ezibushelelezi, ngaphandle kwezikali ezibunjiwe emadodeni, etholakala ngemuva nomsila kuya ku-cloaca.

Izinyoka ezinamachashaza aminyene zincane kunazo zonke kuhlobo lweRegina. Abantu abade kune-28.0 cm babhekwa njengabantu abadala. Izinyoka ezindala zikhula zisuka ku-30.0 ziye ku-55.0 cm, kanti isisindo sazo esingama-gramu ayi-45.1. Izindatshana ezinkulu kunazo zonke zazinobude bomzimba obungu-50.7 no-60.6 cm. Izinyoka ezincane ezinamachashaza amancanyana zinesisindo esingu-3.1 g ubude bomzimba ongu-13.3 mm, futhi zihlukile ngombala omncane kubantu abadala.

Izinyoka ezinamachashazi aminyene zinezimo ezihlelekile zokuma kwesakhi sedeyi, ezihlinzeka ngokudla kwazo okhethekile. Isigaxa sabo siyinkambiso eyinkimbinkimbi yamathambo futhi sibonisa ubuciko bethofi bolu hlobo. Izinyoka ezinamachashazi aminyene zenza igobolondo elinzima le-crayfish; zinamazinyo e-oar angafani nalutho ahleliwe ukuze abambe igobolondo lukakhrayoni. Abondli kuphela ku-crayfish encibilikisiwe, enogobolondo oluthambile. Abesilisa balolu hlobo lwezinyoka banamasayizi amancane omzimba futhi bavuthiwe ngaphambi kwabesifazane.

Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe inyoka eshintshashintshayo enemigqa.

Izinyoka ezinemichilo enemichilo zinokuzala ngokocansi, kepha ulwazi oluncane luyatholakala ekuziphatheni nasekuzalweni kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ukuhlangana kufanele kwenzeke entwasahlobo. Lolu hlobo lwe-viviparous. Esihlahleni, kunezinyoka ezincane ezine kuya kweziyishumi nambili (kepha kaningi eziyisithupha). Bavela emanzini phakathi kukaJulayi noSepthemba. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, zinika inzalo enobude obungamasentimitha angama-30. Isikhathi sokuphila kwezinyoka ezinamachashazi aminyene akwaziwa ngokwemvelo.

Ukuziphatha kwenyoka eshintshashintshayo enemigqa.

Izinyoka ezinamachilo amachashazi zivame ukudonsa izinyoka elangeni ngqo phakathi nezinsuku ezibandayo futhi zihlale emthunzini noma ngaphansi kwamanzi ngesikhathi esishisayo sezinsuku.

Zisebenza kakhulu futhi zizingela kakhulu entwasahlobo nasekuqaleni kwehlobo, ezinyangeni ezibandayo zobusika ziba zingasebenzi.

Bathola ukudla ebusuku nakumahora wehora lesibili. Amakhrayoni atholakala ngokunyakaza kwawo, ngokunemba okumangazayo, okucacisa indawo ohlangabezana nayo. Uma kwenzeka kusongelwa ngempilo, izinyoka zemichilo enemichilo zicasha ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngokungafani nezinye izinyoka eziningi zohlobo lweRegina, azivamile ukuluma. Kodwa-ke, ezimweni ezikhethekile, izinyoka zemishayo ezinemigqa zikhipha ukuphuma kwe-anal kusuka ku-cloaca. Ukukhishwa kwezinto ezinephunga kusabisa ezinye izilwane ezincelisayo. Ekuqaleni, inyoka izama ukwethusa isitha, ivula umlomo wayo kabanzi, ishunqa futhi ibuyele emuva kwayo. Kubonisa ukukhombisa ukuzivikela ngokugoqa umzimba ogogekayo ube yibhola. Kulokhu, inyoka ifihla ikhanda layo ngokushintshana futhi ithinte isidumbu emaceleni.

Yondla inyoka enamakhamba.

Izinyoka ezinamachashazi emicu ziyizidalwa ezikhethekile kunazozonke ezi-crayfish. Abantu abadala badla cishe kuphela iProcambarus crayfish. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka, izinyoka ezinamachashazi ezinemizila azinikezi izintandokazi kuma-crustaceans esigabeni esithile sokuncibilika kwawo; zaqala ukuzivumelanisa nezindlela zokuziphatha kokusetshenziswa komdlavuza ezihlanganiswe nge-chitin ezinzima.

Ekudleni, kuvame izinhlobo ezimbili zemdlavuza ezihlala eFlorida - Procambarus fallax kanye noProcambarus alleni.

Ukwenziwa kokudla kufaka ama-amphibians kanye nezinambuzane, njengamabhungane, ikicadas, isoptera, izintethe notha izimvemvane. Izinyoka ezincane, ezingaphansi kuka-20.0 cm ubude, zidla ama-crapaceans ama-decapod (ikakhulukazi ama-shrimps omndeni wePalaemonidae), futhi abantu abakhulayo abangaphezulu kwama-20.0 cm ubude babhubhisa izibungu ze-dragonfly. Ukujwayela inyamazane ngesikhathi sokudla kuya ngosayizi wesisulu maqondana nenyoka. Ama-crapaceans ama-decapod acutshungulwa ngokucophelela, kungakhathalekile ubukhulu bezinyamazane, kuyilapho ama-amphibians egwinya ekhanda, ngaphandle kwesibungu esincane kunazo zonke esidliwa izinyoka emsila. Izinyoka ezindala ezinemizila emikhulu zibamba isinhlanzi esiswini ngesisu, zibeka inyamazane ngokuningilizayo maqondana nogebhezi, kungakhathalekile ubukhulu noma isigaba sazo sokuncibilika.

Indima yendalo yenyoka eshintshashintshayo eyinyoka.

Imicu yenyoka oyisidwengu inyamazane ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Baphila njengesidlwengu esiyingqayizivele semvelo yasemanzini futhi badlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni ukuzinza kokuphilayo kwemvelo. Zithinta isibalo sezinhlanzi zamakhrayoni, kuphela ezindaweni lapho ubuphakeme bezinyoka buphakeme.

Kwezinye izidumbu zamanzi, izinyoka ezinamachashaza aminyene azidlali indima ekhethekile ekuphatheni inani labantu abaphila ngokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi, ukubhujiswa okungaba nemiphumela emibi, ngoba ama-crustaceans, i-detritus yokudla, adlala indima ebalulekile kumjikelezo wezakhi ezinhlelweni zamanzi. Izinyoka ezinamachilo amachashazi zaba inyamazane yezinyamazane, izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo ngisho nokhokho. Amakhrayoni ngokuvamile adla amakhithi asanda kuzalwa. Izinyoka ezinamaphethini, ama-raccoon, ama-otter asemifuleni, izinyamazane ezidla izinyoka ezindala.

Isimo sokulondolozwa kwenyoka enamakhaza.

Izinyoka ezinamachashazi emishayo zibhekwa njengezinzile kulo lonke uhla. Inani labantu eSouth Florida liyancipha ngenxa yezinguquko embusweni wamanzi wezinye izidumbu zamanzi. Izinguquko ze-anthropogenic zithinta izindawo ezilungele indawo yenyoka enamachaphaza, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokubhujiswa kwama thicake aminyene wama-hyacinths wamanzi. Inyoka enamakhaza enemigca ikalwe ohlwini lwe-IUCN njengezinhlobo ezincane kakhulu ezikhathazayo.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Izinhlobo eziphambili

Kunezinhlobo eziningi ezihlobene nezinyoka. Ngayinye yalezi zinhlobo ihlukaniswa ngabamele bayo abaningi.

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zazo:

• ummbila
• Amur
• iphenduliwe
• ophuzi ophuzi
• red back
• -bomvu
• uthayelwe kahle
• ingwe
• isiqhingi
• ISarmatia
• luhlaza,
• anemibala ehlukahlukene
• imithende,
• umgwaqo omane,
• IsiJapan,
• mhlophe,
• ukukhwela ingwe
• inyoka eyinyoka uBoulanger.

Izinyoka zivame ukutholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yezindawo zaseYurophu, enyakatho Melika kanye nasemazweni ase-Asia.

Inyoka yommbila (inyoka ebonayo ekhuphukayo, noma inyoka yegundane ebomvu)

Lokhu ukubuka okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabanikazi bezimali.

Lo mmeleli uhlala esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo aze afike eminyakeni eyi-10, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle zokuboshwa uyakwazi ukufinyelela iminyaka yobudala obuningi - iminyaka eyi-18.

Inyoka ebomvu yenyoka ihlala empumalanga yeNyakatho Melika naseningizimu engxenyeni yayo ephakathi, kanye nasenyakatho neMexico. Lesi silwane sikhululekile ukuzizwa sisezindaweni eziningi: amahlathi anqenayo, amadwala, amasimu, izindawo ezifihliwe, imigodi enesandla ekuphephelweni kwayo.

Ngemuva kokuzalwa kuze kube izinyanga ezi-4, le nyoka ithanda ukukhasa emhlabathini, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi iqale ukuthuthukisa izihlahla, izihlahla, amagquma amatshe. Lezi zinyoka, ezihlala ezindaweni ezinobusika obumakhaza, zifihle ubusika, kanti ezifundeni eziseningizimu inyoka yommbila ayizifihli. Lezi zilwane zikhuthele kakhulu ngenkathi efudumele ebusuku nangaphambi kokusa, lapho kushisa kakhulu, zizama ukungaphumi ekhaya lazo.

Ama-Rodents, ama-amphibians amancane nezilwane ezihuquzelayo baba yizisulu zawo, ayakuthanda nokudla amaqanda ezinyoni. Ekuthunjweni, bazizwa bemuhle, ikakhulukazi lapho bebheka imithetho yokuboshwa.

Ukubukeka

Ubude oburekhodiwe obuqoshwe phansi lapho inyoka bukhula ngamamitha ayi-1.66. Ubude obujwayelekile amamitha ayi-1,2. Kepha lokhu kujwayelekile ezweni kuphela. Esiqhingini, ubukhulu obunjalo abulungiselelwe. Ikhanda linesimo esithambile sikanxantathu. Ukudunwa kuthambile, emakhaleni makhulu. Amehlo makhulu futhi anamaza emifudlana yegolide. Ama-fangs afinyelela ubude obuyi-1,6 cm kwizirhubekiso eziphakathi nendawo. Umzimba uqweqwe, ulukhuni ngaphezulu ngenxa ngemuva kwesikali, bushelelezi ngezansi. Umsila mfushane. Ubude bawo buyi-14% yobude bomzimba wonke.

Isizinda somzimba grey-brown, brown ophuzi, nsundu. Izindawo ezimnyama ezinsundu zitholakala ngemuva nangezinhlangothi. Indawo ngayinye izungezwe yindandatho emnyama, umngcele ongaphandle wayo onobuthi obuphuzi noma obumhlophe. Emhlane, kunezindawo ezingama-23-30. Zikhula ngomzimba wenyoka. Futhi inani lezindawo eziseceleni lingahluka. Kwesinye isikhathi zivame ukuhlangana zibe umugqa owodwa. Kunendawo eyodwa emnyama ohlangothini ngalunye lwekhanda. Ngokwesimo zifana nencwadi V.

Ukuziphatha Nempilo

Inyoka yensimbi ibhekwa njengenye yezinyoka eziyingozi kakhulu e-Asia. Iphila indlela yobusuku. Liyaphuma liyozingela ngokushesha nje lapho ilanga lifihla ngemuva komkhathazi. Ukudla kuqukethe ikakhulukazi ngamagundane. Lawa ngamagundane, amagundane, izindlawu, ama-squirrels, amasele, izinyoni namaqanda awo. Izinyoka ezincane zidla ikakhulukazi imihlaba yasemhlabeni, izibungu, izibungu. Yimicibisholo edonsela izinyoka ezindlini zokuhlala zabantu. Kubantu, i-reptile iyingozi ebulalayo, ikakhulukazi ngoba kunzima kakhulu ukuyibona kusihlwa.

Izimpawu zokulimaza nokuluma

Iqhude elilodwa lesigujana esidala likhiqiza ubuthi abangu-130 kuye kuma-268 mg. Izinyoka ezincane zikhiqiza kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-79 mg ubuthi. Kubantu, umthamo obulalayo uhluka kusuka kuma-40 kuye kwangama-70 mg, kepha lokhu kunikezwa ukuthi zonke izakhi ezinobuthi zingena emzimbeni. Kunama-5 esewonke, futhi ngawodwana awayona ingozi njengobabili.

Izimpawu zokulunywa zibuhlungu kunalokho. Ekuqaleni, isiza se-lesion siyajuluka nobuhlungu. Imizuzu engama-20 ngemuva kokulunywa yizinsini, igazi liqala ukugcwala. Umchamo ubuye uphenduke ubomvu ngegazi. Umfutho wegazi wehla. Ukuqhumuza kuqala, ubuso buvuvukala, futhi ukwehluleka kwezinso kuyaqoshwa. Ukufa kuvame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokuphefumula noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo phakathi kosuku olu-1 namasonto ama-2 ngemuva kokuluma. Kuqhamuke i-antidote eNdiya. Kusebenza kakhulu.

Ngokuqondene noConan Doyle nendaba yakhe, naphezu kwako konke ukuhlonipha umbhali ohlonishwayo, umuntu kufanele avume ukuthi wayephutha. Umuntu angeke afe ngokushesha ngemuva kokulunywa. Kuthatha isikhathi. Kulokhu, isiza se-lesion sishiwo, futhi izimpawu zokubonisa ukudakwa ziyaqapheleka.

Ukubukeka kokuqala kanye nencazelo yemvelo yezilwane ezihuquzelayo

Njengoba wazi, impilo emhlabeni yavela esikhaleni sendawo yasemanzini, yavalwa kusukela ngaphandle komhlaba, futhi nasenkambisweni ende yokuthuthukiswa kokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izidalwa eziningi ezithuthukiswe ngokwanele zaqala ukufika kancane kancane ebusweni bomhlaba, lapho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lezi zilwane ezinamanzi asemanzini zathola amafomu wesikhashana.

Ukutholwa okuningi kwe-paleontological ngemivubukulo yasendulo okusakazeke emhlabeni wonke kukuqinisekisile lokhu kwenzeka kwemvelo ngenxa yemvelo.

Amarekhodi omhlaba wethu abonisa ukuthi ama-vertebrates asemhlabeni owakha isikhathi sokukhula kanye neCretaceous yentuthuko - amadayinaso asendulo kanye namadinosaurs amakhulu aseCarboniferous, ashintshe kakhulu ngesikhathi senqubo yokuthuthuka, ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu amakhulu:

1. izilwane ezihleleke kakhulu
2. nezirhubuluzi zakudala.

Izilwane ezihuquzelayo zokugcina, okuthe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zikhululwa ngenxa yokungasebenzi kokusebenzisa imilenze yazo engasebenzi, kwavela izinhlobo ezintsha ezaba ngabakhi bezilwane ezihuquzelayo zesimanje:

• izibankwa nezinyoka
• izimfudu nezengwenya,

iphendukela ekuhlukaniselweni okuhlukile kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo, ezihlala kahle endaweni eqinile, zikhetha into esemanzini - umhlaba wasemhlabeni. Kulapha emhlabathini oqinile lapho beqala ukukhasa khona, behambisa imizimba yabo ende - kufika kumamitha ayi-10 esindayo-kuze kube ngaphezulu kwamakhilogremu ayi-100 ebusweni bayo.

Yize ezinye zazo, njengezingwenya nezimfudu ezinemilenze ebhangqiwe, noma zihlala endaweni yasemanzini, kepha ngokungafani nabantu basemanzini baphefumula amaphaphu akhule kahle, okungukuthi, izitho zabo zokuphefumula. Futhi ngokuzalanisa kwazo, empeleni ziya ezweni eliqinile, lapho zilala khona ezindaweni ezihlala zodwa amaqanda angena ngegobolondo lesikhumba.

Lezi zidalwa ezimangalisayo zemvelo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ziye zaguquka zaphenduka ezilwaneni ezinegazi elibandayo ezinama-metabolism aphansi negazi elixubile laba yizilwane ezinegazi elibandayo, lapho isilinganiso se-metabolic ngqo sincike ekushiseni okukhona. Manje lezi zinyoka zezilwane ezinegazi elibandayo:

1. ngombala omuhle kakhulu nosayizi woqobo loqobo,
2. ukwakheka okuhlukile komzimba kanye nendlela yokuziphatha yokuziphatha,
3. indlela yokuphila eyimfihlo nayo yonke indawo yokuhlala ehlukile

uthole ukunakwa kwangempela kusuka kuma-herpetologists ngoba anezici ezimangazayo, hhayi kuphela ukwakheka komzimba, kodwa futhi nendlela yokuhamba buthule, naphezu kokuzwa nokuzwa okungaboni kahle.

Isikhumba sezilwane ezinegazi elibandayo simbozwe isikali esikhethekile se-horny, esivikela kakhulu ekulimeni ngaphandle. Futhi ezinye izinhlobo zezidalwa ezihuquzelayo ziguqule amachashaza amathe ngamachashaza angenalutho wemisele yamazinyo aholela ngaphandle, kwakheka izidakamizwa ezikhethekile futhi zigcinwe esikhwameni isikhathi esithile, ubuhlungu benyoka.

Vele, ukwakheka nezakhiwo zobuthi benyoka akufani, ngakho-ke umphumela wazo uhlukile:

• umuntu unomphumela wokujaha, osebenza ohlelweni lwezinzwa nasekuphefumuleni okhubazekile,
• Okunye okunomthelela ekwakhekeni kweziqu zegazi nge-hemorrhage, kusebenza ohlelweni lokujikeleza kwegazi,

okungukuthi, ubuthi obunobuthi bukhubaza umsebenzi obalulekile wezinzwa, ukuphefumula nokusebenza kwenhliziyo.

Le nhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yamakhemikhali ingumkhiqizo odoti obalulekile wezinhlobo ezithile zezinyoka ezinobuthi, obanjwa yonke indawo lapho kubanjwa izinyoka.

Kepha izinyamazane ezivame ukubanjwa endle zibekwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zasenkulisa, lapho abaqoqi bobuthi obuhle bezithola ngosizo lwezinyoka zobisi.

Ubuthi obuqoqwe emhlabeni wonke busetshenziswa yizinkampani ezenza amakhambi ukuthola imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yokwelapha: amakha, okhilimu kanye namafutha okugcoba asetshenziswa ekwelapheni izifo ezingenasifo.

Zonke izinhlobo zezinyoka ezingama-3 500 ezaziwa emhlabeni, zombili izinyoka ezinobuthi futhi ezingezona ezinobuthi, empeleni ziyizisulu zangempela, ngoba zidla inyamazane ephilayo, ziyibuthi ubuthi bayo, ziyilume ngokuzibulala noma ziyikrwebise ngamandla kwemisipha yayo, yenza okusheshayo nokudla kuphela kuye.

Ukucinga izinyamazane, ezihuquzelayo ezinegazi elibandayo zisebenzisa ulimi olufakwayo luhlala lusuka emgodini womlomo, ngosizo lwazo:

1. ukuhlaziywa kwezemvelo nokuqoqwa kwezinhlayiya zomoya,
2. ukulandelela iphunga nokuthola inyamazane,

ukunquma ngasikhathi sinye ngosizo lwesitho esakhiwe kahle sephunga futhi usabela ekuvuselelekeni okukhethekile kwe-chemorecept kungenzeka kokunyakaza okuqondisayo kanye nomuzwa wokunambitha umuntu ohlaselwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezihuquzelayo zivezwa ukuba khona kwezitho ezikhethekile ezine-thermolocation receptors, ezenza sikwazi ukubona ukushintshwa kwezinga lokushisa kuzungeze isithombe esithambile esishisayo, kunxephezela umbono ongemuhle nokungabikho ngokuphelele kokuzwa.

Okusho ukuthi, lezi zilwane azizwa imisindo iphindwaphindwa emvelweni, noma kunjalo, zikhipha ukugqwala okuhlukile ngendlela yomsindo oshubile kanye nokuqhekeka kosuku ngesikhathi sengozi esiseduze, okuyisibonakaliso esiyisixwayiso sokuhlasela.

Ucwaningo oluningi lwezinyoka selukhombisile ukuthi akusilo ize ukuthi ezihuquzelayo zibizwe njengezilwane zangempela zasemhlabeni, ngoba zivela ku:

• umuzwa wothando nokuzinikela okujulile,
• imizwa efudumele yozwela nothando lwesikhathi eside

kukho konke impilo, iminyaka ephezulu kakhulu ebalwa iminyaka engama-30. Ngakho-ke, ngokusobala, kwamanye amazwe abantu bathola izinyoka futhi baziqukethe, okubenza babe ngabanakekela ekhaya bezingane abancane nabavikeli abathembekile bezitha eziningi.

Endle, izinga lokukhula kwezinyoka eziningi, noma zihlala zilingana, ziyahambisana nesikhathi sokuthomba eminyakeni eyi-2-4 yempilo yazo, kanye nobudala obukhulu kakhulu akuvunyelwe ngeminyaka engu-20 esezingeni eliphezulu ngenxa yokufa kwabo besebancane besebancane, lapho ezimweni eziphikisanayo zemvelo zona. zivame ukuba izisulu ezilula zabazingeli bemvelo.

Imikhuba nemikhuba yezinyoka zomhlaba

Emhlabeni wethu, izinyoka zasendle ezifuywayo zihlala kuzo zonke izindawo ezinesimo sezulu esifanelekile futhi cishe kuzo zonke amazwekazi afudumele, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica ebandayo neziqhingi eziningi e-Oceania, zivame ukutholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo zezulu.

Ezweni lethu, ukuthandwa kwezinyoka kwehla nokususwa kwendawo yabo yokusabalalisa kusuka emngceleni oseningizimu weCaucasus kuya enyakatho yeKarelia, kusakazeka kusuka emngceleni osentshonalanga wesifunda saseBryansk nasePoland kuze kube semngceleni osempumalanga we-Ussuriysky Territory.

Ukwehla okukhulu kwesibalo sezinyoka esesivele sinezinombolo ezimbalwa zezinhlobo ezingama-90 kunciphisa kakhulu inkomba yazo yokusinda, ngoba imvelo zivame ukuqothulwa ngabantu kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye:

1. i-hedgehog evamile ne-caress eyingozi, izingulube zasendle nezingulube ezifuywayo,
2. i-squat Ferret ne-pine marten, amabhulukwe anemichilo nemivimbo engu-raccoon,
3. i-steppe ukhozi ne-kite emnyama, izibungu ezinobuso obumhlophe neqhude elinakekelayo,
4. i-crane ekhokhiswa isikhathi eside kanye nonobhala wezinyoni, umashi udoti kanye ne-jay ebucayi.

Naphezu kwesibalo esikhulu sezitha endle, izilobe zithanda ukuhlala:

• emahlathini avikelekile nasezintabeni ezifudumele,
• ezimeleni ezinotshani nasemameleni aluhlaza,
• ogwadule olushisayo nezintaba eziphakeme,
• eduze namachibi afudumele nemabula emanzi
• ezivinini nasezindongeni eziphakeme kakhulu,
• emihumeni ejulile nasemanxiweni asendulo,

okuholela kakhulu impilo ebukekayo engabonakali futhi eyimfihlo ebusuku.

Njengomphumela wenqubo yokukhethwa kwemvelo, emzabalazweni ovuthayo wokusinda kwabo emhlabeni, izinyoka ezihuquzelayo zithuthukise uhlobo lomshini wokuvikela esimweni sezindawo zomzimba ngombala okhanyayo wokuxwayisa. Le ndlela ibavumela ukuthi ngandlela thile bakhombise imvelo yabo ngobuthi babo obuyingozi futhi bazivikele ngempumelelo ezitheni ezibulalayo.

Ngakho-ke namuhla kunezinyoka ezinobuthi ezingama-412 kuphela, ezikwazi ukubulala igundane lensimu kuphela kanye nesele lamanzi ngesenzo esibuthakathaka sobuthi. Futhi zingama-200 kuphela zazo ezinobuthi obunamandla eziyizindlela zokubulala kokubili umdondoshiya omkhulu wendlovu nomuntu omdala.

Izinyoka azinaso isigaxa esinjalo, ngoba leli igama elisetshenziswa kaningi elinezincazelo ezihambelana nalo zesimo ngesimo sesitho esikhonjiwe sokuletha ubuthi obunobuthi ngaphansi kwesikhumba salowo okusolwayo. Kulesi simo, isitho esibulalayo esinje emhlathini ongenhla womlomo wenyoka singama-canine amabili abukhali asemuva wamazinyo angenhla ngemigudu.

Vele, ukuhamba emhlabathini ngaphandle kwemilenze yanoma yisiphi isilwane akulula kangako. Kodwa-ke, izinyoka zezilwane ezihuquzelayo ziyakwazi ukwenza lokhu kahle ngosizo lwezikali eziphansi ezisesiswini sazo.

Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, lezi zikali ezihlala isikhathi eside, njengemishini yokuhamba ethintayo, zinamathela ebusweni bomhlaba, ngaleyo ndlela zihambise umzimba omude wenyoka phambili.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinyoka, ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala nezindawo zokuhlala, sezakhe izindlela zazo eziyindalo zokunyakaza, okuyinhloko yazo okungabhekwa ngazo:

1. ukunyakaza kwezitho zomzimba nokunyakaza okugoqekayo,
2. ukunyakaza kwamacimbi nokugoba okufana nomzimba,
3. ukumba umgodi kanye nokuhamba ushuni okunamafutha.

Ngezimbambo zamaselula ne-vertebrae eguquguqukayo, i-reptile ende iyakwazi ukugoba kalula igebe elincane kakhulu. Umlomo wayo obanzi kakhulu ungaginya kalula nje igobolondo elikhulu elinamaqanda ezinyoni, kepha futhi inyamazane ngokweqile, wolule phezu kwayo njengokugcina amasheya nokugwinya lonke.

Ukuziphatha okunjalo kwezinyoka kuchazwa ubuthakathaka bemihlathi ephathekayo, engakwazi ukubamba isikhathi eside isikhathi eside, inyamazane entsha yamasayizi amakhulu eshaya ebuhlungwini. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza lula inqubo yokondla izinyoka zigcina amathe amaningi abushelelezi abushelelezi.

Njengomthetho, inyoka ayishintshi ngokuphelele isikhumba sayo, ngoba ngesikhathi sokuphuza isizini ingekho isusa okokufa futhi igqoke ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesikhumba esibonakalayo, imvamisa yalo ethintwa yilezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• izimo zemvelo kanye nokudla okufanele,
• ukubukeka nezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala,
• isigaba sokuthomba kanye nokuba khona kwamagciwane ayingozi esikhumbeni ngama-parasites acasulayo.

Ukwahluka kwangaphandle kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo ezimfushane zezidalwa ezinwabuzelayo

Ukuba sesimweni semvelo, abantu bavame ukubhekana nezinyoka ezinwabuzelayo, okuthi noma nini lapho bezama ukugwema ukusondelana nabantu.

Kodwa-ke, umuntu uqobo ngalesi sikhathi akakwazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlola isimo samanje futhi ngokuvamile uziphatha kabi kakhulu ebhekise kuleso sidalwa esiphilayo. Ukuziphatha komuntu okungenangqondo okunje, okokuqala, kuchazwa ngokwesaba okungazelelwe futhi, kusobala, ukungazi ngokuphelele kwemikhuba yomhlaseli wahlangana.

Ngakho-ke okwaziwayo namhlanje emhlabeni wethu kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo zezinyoka ezingaphezulu kwezintathu nesigamu, ezihlanganiswe imindeni eyisithupha emihle:

1. ama-pseudopods angajwayelekile
2. izimpumputhe nezinyoka,
3. imbumbulu nemanzini,

nemindeni engamashumi amabili nantathu.

• izinyoka ezifakiwe
• Izinyoka zodongwe nezinyoka ezinamaphiko,
• izinyoka ezi-cylindrical nezinyoka ezinomsila wesihlangu,
• Ama-pythons womhlaba waseMexico,
• izinyoka ezikhazimulayo nezinyoka ezinyaweni zamanga,
• okwangempela noku-asidi
• Izinyoka ezakhiwe ngezinyoka nezaseMelika,
• izinyoka eziyimpumputhe nezinyoka ezincane

phakathi kwawo, ikota kuphela ngabamele ubuthi, okubandakanya nomndeni osekuphele isikhathi eside okungafanele ukuba unakwe thina.

Ngazo zonke izikhathi, ukuhlangana okungalindelekile komuntu ngenyoka eyimfihlo njalo kwakubangela ukwesaba ukwethuka, amandla ayo

1. abanye abantu badale ukungaphatheki kahle,
2. abanye banemizwa enamandla kangaka eholele ekutheni babe sezingeni lokukhubazeka.

Ukusabela komuntu okusheshayo lapho ehlangana ngokuzumayo nenyoka enegazi elibandayo akwenzi ukuba akwazi ukuqonda ngokushesha ukuthi le nyoka inobuthi noma cha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isinengiso abantu abaningi abazizwa ngalezi ezihuquzelayo ezinwabuzelayo sengezwe kulokhu.

Lokhu kuziphatha okungajwayelekile kuhlotshaniswa nezinkolelo-ze zendabuko nokungazi nje okungenathemba umuntu abhekana nakho lapho ebona inyoka evuthayo.

Kodwa-ke, umuntu kufanele akhumbule - yilezi zinyoka zezilwane ezinwabuzelayo ezinobuhlakani futhi ezinobuhlakani ngokuziphatha kwazo kangangokuba azisoze zahlasela abantu ngaphandle kwesizathu.

Futhi uma inyoka isanqume ukukuhlasela, kusho ukuthi uyiphazamisile ngokweqa umngcele wayo wesifunda. Okusho ukuthi, bamesabisa futhi basondela kakhulu kuye, kakhulu ukuthi njengamanje umelela usongo olucacile kuye, ngenxa yalokho ukuhlukunyezwa kwakhe kuye kwaba nesizathu esinjalo.

Ezweni lethu azikho ziningi kakhulu, izinhlobo ezingama-56 zezinyoka kanye nezinhlobo zazo eziyi-15 zazo ezisongela umuntu onganaki, ngoba zinezidakamizwa ezinobuthi.

Kodwa-ke, akuwona wonke amacala okulunywa yinyoka enobuthi okwazi ukufa, ngoba akuhlali kuba nomphumela ofanayo, yize iqiniso lokuthi le nto yezinsimbi zenyoka enobuthi ibhekwa njengephelele kunayo yonke emvelweni. Umphumela wobuhlungu benyoka uthinteka:

• hhayi kuphela ukuzwela kwento elimele, kepha futhi nesimo yangaphakathi yenyoka,
• indawo yokulunywa uqobo kanye nenani le-phovishini elimele,

kodwa kumele kushiwo ukuthi ngumuntu, ngokungafani nezilwane, ongazwela kangako esenzweni sobuhlungu benyoka, ngakho-ke imvamisa imiphumela ebuhlungu enjalo ayibulalanga kuye.

Ekuhlangenwe nakho kwami ​​kwempilo yokubuka izinyoka, ngiyazi nakanjani ukuthi ukwahlukanisa inyoka enobuthi kwenyoka engenabuthi nakalula:

1. kufanele uqaphele kakhulu lapho usebenza nabo,
2. qaphela ngokwanele ekufundeni isimilo sabo
3. futhi wazi ngokuqinile izimpawu ezinkulu zomehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili zezilwane.

Mhlawumbe umehluko obaluleke kakhulu phakathi kwezinyoka eziyingozi neziphephile yile:

Ukubukeka okunobuthi	Hhayi ukubukeka okunobuthi
Ikhanda libanzi kunentamo ngenxa yokuthi lihlukaniswe ngokusobala yi-isthmus futhi linokuma kukanxantathu okhombe ngomlomo	Ikhanda limfishane futhi lide kancane linomumo oyindilinga ojikelezayo, lihlukaniswe kancane entanyeni futhi lingena kahle emzimbeni
Amehlo ngesimo se-ellipse ebheke phezulu efana negebe eliphakeme	Amehlo abafundi ajikelezayo
Umbala womzimba okhanyayo	Umbala womzimba ojwayelekile
Kunamafangs amabili abukhali ngaphezulu komlomo.	Awekho amafangqa abukhali ngaphezulu komlomo
Phakathi kwamakhala kunama-fossae azwela ukushisa	Awekho amafossa abhekisisa ukushisa phakathi kwamakhala
Umsila unomugqa owodwa wesikali.	Umsila unemigqa emibili yesikali.
Isidumbu esintantayo sikhona ngokuphelele ebusweni bamanzi.	Isidumbu esintantayo sitholakala ngaphansi kwamanzi, ikhanda kuphela elibonakalayo
Isigaba somsila ngemuva kwe-anus sifana nomzimba wonke ongenaphethini	Isigaba somsila ngemuva kwe-anus sinephethini eli-transverse rhombic
Amaphuzu amabili okubhoboza asasele endaweni eluma	Izibazi zihlala endaweni yokuluma

Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yobukhulu bokwehlukahlukana kwezinyoka, kukhona futhi okuhlukile emithethweni, izibonelo ezihlaba umxhwele zazo ezinjengeziphindaphindayo ezinjengalezi:

• amakhorali ne-cobra yase-Asia,
• inyoka emnyama nenyoka yenyoka.

Ngaphandle kwakho konke lokhu, akukho kungabaza ezinzuzweni zezinyoka zezilwane, ngoba asinikezi ubuthi obubaluleke kakhulu kuphela ngendlela Umuthi ophilisayo, kodwa futhi bangabazingeli abasebenza kahle kakhulu bezamagundane anamnivorous amabi namagundane e-fetid alambile.

Ngakho-ke, lapho bengekho, inani elikhulu lamagundane anjengendundane kanye nezinambuzane eziyingozi ziyazalela, okwenza umonakalo omkhulu ungagcini kumuntu ojwayelekile, kodwa kuwo wonke umhlaba oseduze wezilwane zasendle.

Ngibonga kakhulu ukunaka kwakho futhi ngithemba ukuthi uyijabulele i-athikili yami yokuthi kungani izidalwa zezinyoka zezilwane ziyizilwane ezithakazelisa kakhulu ezingenasici zesikhathi sasendulo.

Ngihlala ngijabule ukukubona endaweni yami yingakho ngiphakamisa ukuthi ubhalisele izibuyekezo zebhulogi lami ukuze ukwazi ukuthola ngokushesha izindatshana ezintsha nge-imeyili. Futhi ungalinganisa i-athikili yakho kuhlelo lwamaphuzu ayi-10, uyimake ngenombolo ethile yezinkanyezi.

Woza ungivakashele kaningi, ngoba le bhulogi yemvelo idalelwe wena, lapho uzothola imininingwane eminingi ewusizo nejabulisayo. Yebo, vele ulethe abangane bakho futhi utshele abangane bakho abakhulu ngakho ngakho ngokuchofoza izinkinobho zokuxhumana nomphakathi, ngizokubonga kakhulu. Manje ake ngithi kuwe ngiyakubona kungekudala.

I-Amur (inyoka iShrenka, eMpumalanga Ekude)

Phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinyoka eziyingqayizivele futhi ezinhle kakhulu inyoka i-Amur, noma iFar Eastern:

• umbala we-dorsal wabamele abantu abadala walezi esevele zivame ukutholakala kakhulu ngombala onsundu noma omnyama onesithunzi esibonakalayo esimnyama,
• imigqa emincane emhlophe noma ephuzi enokufiphala ibonakala ezinhlangothini,
• isisu salenyoka siphuzi, sinamabala amnyama,
• kukhona ngokuphelele abameleli benyoka ye-Amur,
• ubude bawo bungamamitha amathathu.

Izilwane zidla ngamagundane, izinyoni, zikwazi ukubhubhisa isidleke sezinyoni futhi zidla namaqanda. Uma kungenzeka, le nyoka ingena kumakhukhamba enkukhu futhi idle amaqanda ezinkukhu. Abamele abancane bezinhlobo baqiniswa ama-shrews, ama-mollusks. Akunabuthi kulezi zilwane. Ziyasebenza phakathi nesikhathi semini.

Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, abantu abavuthiwe bahlangana endaweni ethile, baqale ukuqhuba imidlalo yokuzalelisa, bebheka yonke imithetho yesiko lokuthandana, eliqukethe ukushaya ingxenye yesitho somzimba sowakhethiweyo ngekhanda, kanye nokuba khona kwakhe njalo eduze kwakhe.

Ngemuva kokuphela kokuphumelela kwesikhathi sokuzalela, izinsikazi ziyasuswa, bese izinsikazi ziqala inqubo yokuzala amawundlu esimweni sokuphumula ngokuphelele nokuphumula. Maphakathi nehlobo, kusuka kumaqanda ayi-10 kuye kwangama-30 nangaphezulu kubekwa, ubukhulu bawo ubude bufika kumasentimitha ayi-5. Kuyenzeka ukuthi abantu besifazane bahlanganise ubumbano lwabo, bese isibalo sabo singaphezu kwekhulu. Ubude bezinyoka lapho zizalwa bungafika kumasentimitha angama-30. Baqala ukuvuthwa ngocansi beneminyaka emithathu.

Inyoka ye-Amur ihlala ezimweni zemvelo ngokwesilinganiso seminyaka eyi-11.

Inyoka eseFar East izizwa ikhululekile kakhulu eduze kwabantu, ingahlala engadini, engadini yasekhishini, egumbini elisophahleni lwendlu. Ijwayela ngokushesha imvelo yabantu, ithatha ukudla ezandleni, noma ekudingisweni iyakwazi ukuzala.

Akahlosile ukuxabana, uncamela ukugijima lapho kuvela isimo esiyingozi, kepha uma ezwa engelathemba, uyazivikela ngokuloba, ukuhlasela futhi uyakwazi ukuluma nemiphumela emibi.

Kuthelisiwe

I-Asia ithathwa njengendawo yokuhlala yalolu hlobo, itholakala naseMongolia, Korea, engxenyeni esenyakatho yeChina, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Iran nakwamanye amazwe.

Ukubukeka:

• i-reptile ingaba ngamamitha elilodwa nesigamu ubude,
• umbala wayo uhlukile: kukhona bobabili abamele imonophonic yezinhlobo, nemibala ehlukahlukene. Izilwane ezisencane zipendwe ngamathoni alula (ansundu nge-olive, ukutholakala kobomvu nakho kungenzeka), kuvela izithunzi ezimpunga kamuva,
• isisu salesi silwane sisezithoni ezikhanyayo ezimpunga, ukuphaphaza okubomvu okubomvu noma namabala amnyama kungenzeka.

Indawo yokuhlala yezilwane ihluke kakhulu: ogwadule, izitebhisi, amahlathi, amasango e-juniper, izihlahla zezithelo, izivini, izigodi zezindawo zokugcina amadamu, amachibi nakwezinye izindawo eziningi. Ekudleni, lo omelele usevele engenasizotha, angadla izinambuzane, inhlanzi, ama-amphibians, izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoka. Izinyoka eziyizigaxa kwesinye isikhathi ziphenduka izangoma, zigwinye izihlobo zazo ekhanda. Kepha ngisho naye uqobo uba yisisulu sabazingeli bezinyamazane noma izinyoni, ngokwesibonelo, ukhozi lwe-steppe.

Kwabesilisa, inqubo yokuvuthwa kokugcina iphela kakhulu kunabesifazane; ngonyaka wesibili noma wesithathu wokuphila, sebekulungele ukuzalela. Isikhathi sokukhwelana, esiqale ngo-Ephreli, siphela ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi.

Insikazi ingazalela amaqanda ama-5 kuya kwangama-25 ngesikhathi ngotshani obolile eduze namanzi, kumakhasi asehlathini noma amahlumela abolile. Ama-Cub azalwa phakathi kukaJulayi noSepthemba; ubungako bawo buvele bufika kumitha wekota ubude.

I-Yellow-belided (iCaspian, noma inyoka evamile)

Lesi simeleli somndeni osuvele akusona esinoshevu, kepha siyinyoka enolaka, lapho umuntu eluma khona ngaphambi kokuvela kwegazi akunzima:

• Kuzo zonke izinhlobo zezinto esezivele zivele, lokhu kungenye yezinyoka ezinkulu kakhulu ezingxenyeni zase-Europe zeplanethi kuze kube ngo-2,5 m ubukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bakhulu kunezinsikazi
• inyoka iCaspian inekhanda elincane eline-muzzle eyindilinga namehlo acwebezelayo, azungezwe yizinhlanga eziphuzi,
• umbala walezi zilwane ungahluka kancane: uphuzi nge-brownish, obomvu ngokwe-cherry noma onsundu nge-tint yomnqumo. Kukhona abantu balesi silwane abacishe babe mnyama ngokuphelele,
• Izikali zalenyoka zibushelelezi ikakhulukazi.

Lezi zilwane zihlala eCaucasus, eBalkan peninsula, e-Asia, eTurkmenistan, e-Ukraine, eMoldova, eCiscaucasia, esifundeni saseVolga. Zikhetha izindawo ezivulekile, ezingenamanzi, ngakho-ke zizizwa zizinhle impela ezindaweni ezisemahlane, izindawo ezima-steppe, emithambekeni yezintaba, amadwala.

Lezi zinyoka ziyakwazi ukunqoba ukuphakama okufika kumakhilomitha amabili. Ungahlangana nabo osebeni lwemifula, lapho bazingela khona inyamazane.

Izilwane ezihlukene zezilwane zasemhlabeni emhlabeni nakwizibhaxu ziba yisisulu sazo: izibankwa, izinyoni nezindunduma zazo, izinduku nezinyoka, kanye nezinambuzane ezinkulu namasele.

Lezi zinyoka zisebenzisa imidlalo yokuzalela ngababili. Ngesikhathi sokuphola, owesilisa uvala insikazi ngentamo ngomlomo, kuyilapho lezi zilwane zombili ziqaphile. Ngemuva kwenyanga nengxenye, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayisithupha kuya kwayi-12 ezihlahleni zezihlahla, emifantwini. Ngokukhula ngokocansi, lezi zilwane ziba neminyaka emine. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isikhathi sokuphila kwabo sisukela eminyakeni engu-7 kuye kweli-8.

Kubomvu okwenziwe isipele

Inyoka enombala obomvu imvamisa ihlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeFar East, Korea, China. Ukulungisa kuqala izindawo ezisogwini. Ubunzima emandleni okubhukuda nokuntywila.

Ukubukeka:

• ubude bawo buba ngamasentimitha angama-80, ngakho-ke ungomunye wabamele abancane kakhulu bomndeni,
• umbala wenyoka enomhlana obomvu ungumnqumo ngombala onsundu noma onsundu,
• engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba ibekwe emigqeni emine kuze kube lapho ibala khonale ngomnyama,
• isisu esiphuzi salenyoka sihlotshiswe ngamabala wesimo esingunxande, abekwe kwiphathini yokuhlola,
• phezulu ekhanda kuyindlela ethandekayo yemivimbo emnyama.

Inyoka enomhlana obomvu ingeyohlobo lwe-viviparous, ngasikhathi sinye, cishe ngoSepthemba, kuzalwa izingane ezingama-8 - 20, isilinganiso samasentimitha angama-20 ubude.

Indoda ayinakusaba nhlobo inyoka. Lapho ivikela, ingaphambili lomzimba liba mncane, futhi ligijimele lize esitha, kuyilapho umsila usesimweni sokudlidliza.

Kepha uma zigcinwa ekudingisweni, lezi zilwane zisheshe zikhungatheke, zithobe futhi zikhombise ukuthandwa yimvelo yazo.

Inyoka enobomvu

Kuze kube muva nje, lolu hlobo lwenyoka lwaluthathwa njengesihlobo senyoka enobuthi ophuzi, lapho luyehluka ngesimo sesisu esibomvu. Uhlala eTurkey, Iran, Armenia, Georgia nakwamanye amazwe.

Izindawo ezihlala kuzo zihlukahlukene kakhulu: indawo engasogwini yemifula etholakala esigodini futhi inezihlahla eziminyene, izingadi, amahlathi, izintaba kanye nezindawo zokuhlala. Inyoka enobomvu ibisebenza kakhulu ngesikhathi sasemini. Ebusika, uwela ukucwazimula, okuphuma kuye lapho kuqala intwasahlobo.

Ukusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Meyi, lezi zinyoka ziyaganana, okuthi emva kwazo ngoJuni-Julayi kube insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-6- 11. Ama-Cubs azalwa ngo-Septhemba, abe nokuphakama okungaphezu kwama-30 cm.

Njengezinye izinhlobo zalezi zinyoka, ama-red-belled adla izibungu, izinyoni, izinduku nezinyoka. Uthola indawo yokufihla imbobo emiseleni yezimpundane namanye amagundane, kepha uma engaphumeleli, lapho esezivikela uzama ukuhlasela ngensimbi engapheli futhi azame ukuluma isitha.

Inyoka ekhuphukayo enomsila

Lolu hlobo lwenyoka luvela eChina, lapho lwatholwa esiqhingini saseTaiwan. Isilwane sathola ukusatshalaliswa kuyo yonke impumalanga ye-Asia. Inyoka ekhuphukayo enomsila inezici ezinjalo zokubonakala:

• isilwane esikhulu kude kube ngamamitha amabili ubude, yize sinomsila omfushane,
• ikhanda lihlangana ngaphandle ngentamo futhi linombala ofanayo,
• amathoni omnqumo akhanyayo
• ngasemuva kukhona imichilo exhumeke ngezikhathi ezithile ngemigqa edlulayo, lo mhlobiso ufana nesitebhisi,
• isisu siphuzi noma simhlophe
• abesilisa banomsila omude kunowesifazane.

Inyoka enomsila omncane iyazola futhi ayithwali lapho ihamba. Emvelweni wemvelo, ingahlala eduze kwekhaya lomuntu, ivumelane nabantu futhi ijwayelane nayo kalula.

Iyasebenza phakathi nosuku, kepha phakathi nokushisa, kanye ekuseni nakusihlwa, icasha endaweni yokukhosela. Le inyoka inyamazane yasemhlabeni, enyuka ngokuphelele izihlahla. Inyoka enamathambo iphila iminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye kuya kwengu-17 imvelo yemvelo. Lapho igcinwa ekudingisweni, izimo ezikhethekile azidingeki.

Amehlo amakhulu

Inyoka enamehlo amakhulu isilwane esihle, esibonakala ngamehlo amakhulu. Ubude bawo bufinyelela kumamitha amabili.

Ngokuya esifundeni sendawo yokuhlala, umbala wesilwane ungahluka kusuka ophuzi kuya onsundu, kanye nomnyama. Ukukhula okuncane kuhlukaniswa ngamathoni alula: grey ngezikali ezi-grey-white.

Inyoka ihlala eningizimu naseningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, kanye nasengxenyeni eseningizimu yezindawo zaseRussia. Yize lesi silwane sithathwa njengasilahliwe, singabangani ngamanzi. Lapho kukhona amadamu, izindawo ezishisayo, inyoka enamehlo amakhulu ihlala lapho. Ugibela izihlahla kahle, lapho acashe khona ekushiseni. Ekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kanye nokuqala kwehlobo, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayisikhombisa kuya kwayi-16. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, kuvela inzalo, ihlaba umxhwele ngosayizi okufika kumasentimitha angama-40. Ngemuva konyaka, ubude bawo sebuvele bungamamitha.

Inyoka Ekhuphuka Yenyoka

Lezi ezihuquzelayo zinezici ezinjalo:

• usayizi omaphakathi, ubude bawo bomzimba bungaphezulu kwamamitha ngokuhambisana nomsila,
• izikali zibushelelezi, ngaphandle kwemizwa yokuqhuma,
• umbala walezi zinyoka ungaba mpunga, onsundu okhanyayo, onsundu,
• amaphethini emuva abuya ngezindlela eziningi, ngokuya ngendawo imivimbo,
• isisu singakhanya simnyama ngombala,
• ikhanda lihlukaniswa ubukhona bephethini elimnyama elihlanganisiwe.

Inyoka ekhuphuka inyoka ihlala emazweni asempumalanga yeMedithera, nayo etholakala eCrimea. Uzizwa ekhululekile emithambekeni yezintaba namadwala, emifantwini yawo, ngaphansi kwamadwala, ezindaweni ezomile zesigodi, emiseleni yamagundane. Lezi zilwane zisebenza kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuze kube sekupheleni ekwindla.

Lezi zinyoka mate kusuka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekuqaleni kwehlobo. Amaqanda ayi-2-8 abekwa ngoJuni-Julayi. Imashi yakamuva yabonwa ngoNovemba.

Izinyamazane zalezi ezihubhayo izinyoni, izinduku, izibankwa, izikebhe nezinye izilwane. Lezi zinyoka azinobuthi.

Isiqhingi

Lolu hlobo luhlala eJapan kuphela kanye nasesifundeni saseKunashir. Izindawo zokuhlala zihlala ugu lolwandle olunamadwala, futhi litholakala emahlathini we-bamboo kanye namahlathi e-coniffort. Abamele laba sebekwazi ukubhukuda. Ukubukeka kwabo:

• inyoka yesiqhingi ifinyelela kubude obuyi-1,3 m, umsila wayo - ukusuka ku-25 kuye ku-30 ​​cm,
• ikhanda elikhulu kakhulu lihlukaniswe emzimbeni obanzi,
• abameleli abadala buluhlaza ngokuhlaza okotshani noma ngompunga ngombala we-olive,
• ukukhula okuncane kubonakaliswa ngemibala ephuzi, nsundu, nsundu ngombala, kanye nokuba khona komugqa omnyama onamabala endaweni yomgede nasezinhlangothini,
• emhlane nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, amabhendi ama-4 abonakala ngokucacile eceleni kogongolo, aboniswa ngokuhlangana okuncane,
• isisu sivame ukupenda ngemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka no-grey, sinesimo sokwenza okuthile.

Idla izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo, ama-amphibians. Ukuzama ukuketula inyamazane ngosizo lokufaka amandla kuwo wonke umzimba wakhe nokuncipha.

Umsebenzi uboniswa kusukela ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba, emva kwalokho basuka baye ebusika. Beka amaqanda enanini le-4 kuye kwele-10 ukusuka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kuya ekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Izinyoka zesiqhingi zivame ukuvuthwa ukuze zikwazi ukuzalwa ngeminyaka emithathu.

ISarmatia (inyoka kaPallas)

Abamele lolu hlobo banemininingwane enjalo yangaphandle:

• ngobudala, inyoka yeSarmatia ikhula ngobude ukusuka ku-1,2 kuye ku-1.4 m, kwezinye izikhathi, lezi zibalo zingaba amamitha ayi-2,
• ngopende ngamathoni aphuzi namsundu anemibala ehlelwe ngemigqa. Kwesinye isikhathi kukhona abantu abamnyama abangenazo izindawo ezikhanyayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi bacishe babe mhlophe,

• ngoba umbala wezinyoka zeSarmatia awusiwo uhlobo olufanayo, isisu sazo singaba ophuzi ngokucebile, owolintshi, noma acishe abe mhlophe,
• inqubo yokushintsha umbala wenyoka encane yenzeka lapho ikhula ibe yingxenye yemitha, kuthi lapho ifinyelela kubude bamasentimitha angama-70, isilwane sithola umbala ongaguquki.

Indawo yokuhlala yenyoka yasePallasov ibanzi impela: ukusuka e-Asia naseKazakhstan kuya kwiNhlonhlo yeBalkan. Zihlala ezihlathini ze-steppe ne-steppe, emagqumeni amancane nasezindaweni ezinezitshalo ezingaphansi komhlaba, nasezintabeni. Khetha izilwane ukuze zivule izindawo zokuhlala, ikakhulukazi lezo zindawo lapho kunamagundane amaningi.

Lezi zinyoka ziyasebenza kuze kube nguNovemba; ziphuma ebusika ngokufika kwentwasahlobo. Ngenxa yombala, ziboshwe kahle emhlabathini. Engcupheni, bagijimela isitha ngensimbi esebenzayo, bevula imilomo. Kepha bangahlala bezolile futhi bangakhombisi ulaka. Badla izinduku, izinyoni, izibungu, amaqanda.

Izinsikazi zenyoka yeSarmatia zingomama abakhulelwe kakhulu, futhi zilungele ukuvikela izingane zabo ngokuzidela. Lezi zilwane zizalela amaqanda azo ngoJuni, kuze kube uSepthemba, amathole anesisindo esingaba ngu-17 g futhi akhule aze afike ku-26 cm asevele abopha.

Inyoka ye-Sarmatia ingagcinwa ezimweni ze-terarium zokwenziwa.

Inyoka eluhlaza (smaragd)

Lo mmeleli womndeni osuvele awuyinyoka enobuthi. Amaduna wenyoka eluhlaza afushane kancane kunezinsikazi, ubude bawo buba cishe ngamamitha amabili nesigamu.

Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa banombala ogqamile kunezintombi zabo. Oluhlaza, amathoni acishe abe yi-emerald anika le nhlobo ubuntu obungavamile. Lolu hlelo lombala lungafakelwa amathoni ansundu, okuvumela isilwane ukuba singanakwa phakathi kwamathanga nezihlahla. Ngasemuva kukhona nephethini efana nesibalo. Isisu singaba ukukhanya okuluhlaza okotshani noma ophuzi. Izihlangu zesisu zibonakaliswa ukuqina, okuvumela ukukwazi ukudabula ezihlahleni ngaphandle kobunzima.

Kwesinye isikhathi ungabona abamele le nhlobo bampunga onsundu ngombala onsomi obomvu.

Ebungozini, isilwane siqala ukufaka i-bag esikhwameni esiseduze nentamo, kuyilapho kubonakala sikhulu kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lwenyoka luyasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini. Akuvamile ukuthi ziye emhlabathini, zincamela ukuhlala emigodini yezihlahla.

Izinyoka zalezi zinyoka ziyaqina, abayibamba cishe empukweni, zisendaweni yokulengiswa emagatsheni ezihlahla.

Inyoka enobuthi nayo izizwa kahle ezimeni ezenziwe ngokwenziwe, ngenkathi ikwazi nokujwayela ukudla izinduku.

Okuxubile

Lowo omele imibala eminingi yomndeni osivele enophawu lwangaphandle:

• lesi silwane sinobukhulu obujwayelekile obufika kumamitha ayi-1,2, kanti umsila ucishe ube yingxenye yobude,
• ingxenye yenyoka yomzimba wenyoka i-grey enamabala ansundu, amabala ansundu noma amnyama akhule ngendlela yesigqi ezinobukhulu obuhlukahlukene ayabonakala kuso, kubantu abadala bangaba ngaphezu kwamashumi ayisithupha,
• amabala ambalwa ezindawo ezimnyama ezinomphetho okhanyayo ayabonakala ekhanda, ovame ukwenza umhlobiso wokulinganisa,
• isisu salezi zinyoka ziphuzi ngokuthambile, sinamabala amnyama.

Ihlala ezifundeni ezisuka e-Asia Minor ziye enyakatho nentshonalanga yeChina. Ikhetha amadwala kanye nemithambeka yezintaba, iphephe ngaphansi kwamatshe, emifantwini, emihumeni yamagundane, kumakhara nezinye izilwane. Amandla okusebenza ezilwaneni aqhubeka kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya kuLwezi, kwezinye izindawo - kuze kube nguDisemba. Iza amaqanda ama-5 kuye kwangama-18 phakathi kukaJuni noJulayi, aqala ukuqandula ngoSepthemba. Lenhlobo yezinyoka idla ngamagundane, izinyoni namachwane awo, izibungu.

Inyoka emthende

Indawo yokuhlala kwalezi zinyoka isuka eningizimu-mpumalanga yeKazakhstan iye eKorea naseningizimu Primorye, China, Mongolia. Indawo yalesi silwane ihluke kakhulu: kusuka ogwadule kuya ezindaweni zasolwandle, emahlathini akhanyayo, emithambekeni yezintaba, ezigodini zemifula.

Ekudleni, ukhetha izibankwa, izinduku. Esimweni lapho kungenzeka kube khona ingozi, isilwane sizama ukuphepha ezindaweni ezifanele zalokhu. Lezi zinyoka ezikhipha izimbali ngo-Julayi zibeka amaqanda ama-4 kuye kwayi-9, emasontweni ambalwa ama-hatch aqhamuka kuwo.

Inyoka emane ehamba ngomgwaqo

Lezi izinhlobo ezinkulu zomndeni ezivele zizalela:

• finyelela ubude obungamamitha ayi-2,6, ubukhulu bube ngamasentimitha ayi-6,
• umbala wesikhumba ukhombisa ukungafani okwanele: kungenzeka ukuthi kukhona imivimbo, kanye namabala, ansundu, amnyama, amathoni ansundu, aneminyaka yobudala akwazi ukuba mnyama ngokuphelele,
• amathoni abomvu namawolintshi wezinto ezithile zesikali anika umbala ukukhanya,
• isisu sezinyoka zaloluhlobo siphuzi, amabala angabonakala kuso.

Indawo yokuhlala iyindawo esenyakatho nasempumalanga yeMedithera, izindawo ezinamadolobha ase-Ukraine, Russia, Transcaucasia, Kazakhstan, Iran.

Umvundla, izibankwa ziba inyoka yenyoka enemizila emine; izinyoni, amachwane awo namaqanda zinikeza ukukhetha okukhethekile.

Isebenza kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba phakathi nesikhathi semini. Inqubo yokuzalela yenzeka ngoMeyi, lapho izinyoka ziqala ukugcina inkathi yokuzalela. Ukuqala kokukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezimbalwa, kuphela ngokubekwa kwamaqanda amane kuya kwayi-6 cishe phakathi nehlobo. Abesifazane bavame ukukhombisa umthwalo wemfanelo ngokuqapha ukwakheka kwabo kuze kube yilapho kuvela amathole nokuvela kwekwindla.

Isebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene ukuvikela:

• ukushesha okusuka esihlahleni kuya kwesinye,
• ingawa esihlahleni ngetshe uma itholakala lapho,
• izingqondo ezinolaka
• ukwenza ukweqa ubheke esitha.

Kubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu yamazwe amaningi.

IsiJapan

Lolu hlobo lomndeni selufundwe kabi futhi seluhlukaniswe lodwa muva nje. Ukulungisa izindawo zokuhlala ngezimo zezulu ezifudumele.

Esiqhingini saseKunashir (eJapan) kuhlangana iziqu zotshani, izihlahla zoqalo, emaphethelweni ehlathi, phakathi kwamatshe aseduze kwemithombo akhipha ukushisa, kanye nama-volcano mlilo. Iyasebenza kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Okthoba. Iqala ukuzala entwasahlobo, esikhathini esingo-Agasti kuya kuSepthemba, ibekela amaqanda ama-4-8. Ekudleni, okuthandwa kunikezwa ngamagundane, izinyoni namaqanda awo.

Inyoka yaseJapan inyoka encane yabamele abomndeni asevele behlukile:

• ubude bude bufika kumamitha ayi-0.8,
• umbala uqinile ikakhulu: brownish-grey, olive-grey, brown-brown, amathoni tsokoleti abomvu kungenzeka,
• isisu ngimpunga emnyama noma simnyama,
• umbala wezinsizwa uhluke ngandlela thile ezilwaneni ezakhekile ngokukhazimula: grey-ophuzi, o-orange onamabala amnyama ezingxenyeni ze-dorsal and lateral.

Inyoka emhlophe qwa

Le inyoka enhle kakhulu enamehlo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nethoni yesikhumba emhlophe, ikhula ngaphansi kwamamitha amabili. Ikhanda lakhe lihlukaniswa yindiza enesimo, ifana nesiqalo somkhonto.

Kusatshalaliswa eNyakatho Melika kusuka eningizimu yeCanada kuye eningizimu Melika. Ingazizwa ikhululekile ezindaweni ezihlukile zemvelo: izigodi zemifula, izigodi, amahlathi, izihlahlana, ezitholakala kude nemizi. Kuthandwa kakhulu ukudla kwizibungu, izinduku, izigwaca nezinye izinyoni, amaqanda ezinyoni, ama-amphibians.

Insikazi iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda ayi-12-20 ngesikhathi, ezizalwa ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-70. Isimo sokushisa sokusinda kwezinsana siyadingeka ezingeni lama-+27 kuya ku-+29 degrees.

Inyoka emhlophe yaseTexas ayisiyummeli onobuthi bezinyoka, kodwa ihluka ngokufutheka, ikakhulukazi uma izwa ingozi nesimo esingenathemba. Lezi zinyoka ziphila iminyaka eyi-17.

Lolu hlobo lwezilwane ezifuywayo luphelele ngokugcina abathandi be-novice.

Ukukhala kwakhala kweBoulanger

Abamele le nhlobo bakhula babe ngu-1 m 30 cm, behluka ngokuhambelana.

Kepha izihlahla kufanele zitholakale eduze kwemifula noma amachibi, futhi kufanele kube nezitshalo eziningi emabhange. Umsebenzi ukhonjiswa ebusuku.

Izinyoka zalezi zinyoka ngamagundane, izinyoni nezinye izilwane ezincane. Ukufakwa kweqanda isamba esisukela ku-5 kuya ku-10 kubantu besifazane be-Boulanger Nose Snake kwenzeka ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli kuya ku-Meyi.

Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, kuzalwa amawundlu aze afike ku-35 cm ubude, abe nombala onsundu ngombala omnyama omfishane emzimbeni.

Ngonyaka wokuqala, izingane zithola umbala ompunga nge-tint yensimbi ethile, kuthi emva kweminyaka embalwa - okuluhlaza okungapheli.

Zonke izinhlobo zezinyoka zizizwa zikhulu ezimweni zokuphila zokufakelwa, zijwayela ngokushesha futhi zijwayele umuntu.

ITerrarium

Ukuze laba bameleli bomndeni osuvele bazizwe bekhululekile ekudingisweni, i-terrarium kubo kufanele ibe ngosayizi owenele futhi ibe nombono oqondile. Uhlobo ngalunye luhlukaniswa ngosayizi walo othize, ngokuya lapho kukhethwe khona i-terrarium.

Ngokuya kokuthandwayo nezici zemvelo zohlobo oluthile, udinga ukuhlomisa ithangi. Lapho kunqunywa ukuphakama kwe-terrarium yenyoka, ukuba khona kwamalambu okukhanyisa kufanele kubhekwe.

Izimo ezidingekayo zokuboshwa:

1. Cishe zonke izinyoka zithanda ukugcina zisesimweni esifudumele, ngakho-ke uhlelo lokushisa olufanele ku-terrarium luzophoqelelwa: ukusuka ku-+28 kuya ku-+32 degrees ngesikhathi sasemini futhi ukusuka ku-+23 kuya ku- +25 - ebusuku. Ngosizo lokushisa, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa izimo lapho ikona linye kufanele lifudumele ngaphansi kwelinye.
2. Kuyadingeka ukuqapha umswakama womoya, lokhu kuzokwenziwa lula ngokuba khona kwe-sphagnum, kanye nokunisela okwengeziwe komoya. Njengoba cishe zonke izinyoka zikwazi ukubhukuda, ngeke kube yisibungu esikhulu ukusungula ithangi elinamanzi, lapho izinyoka zingakwazi ukubhukuda futhi zigcwele khona lapho kuncibilika. Amanzi kufanele aguqulwe ngokuhlelekile futhi abe lokushisa okufudumele elifanele. Njalo, okungenani kanye ngesonto, udinga ukuhlanza i-terrarium.
3. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-terrarium ukuhlala izinyoka kahle, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngezindawo nezinto zazo zokuhlala, kanye nokukhasa: izindlu, izinti, izimbiza zezimbali, amagatsha, i-Driftwood nokuningi.
4. Umhlabathi ose-terrarium nawo ngeke ube yinto engafanele, lapho kusetshenziswa khona amatshe amatshe amatshe, isihlabathi, iphepha lamaphepha, kakhukhunathi kakhukhunathi.

Ukondla

Ngokudla njengokudla, cishe zonke izinhlobo zezinyoka zilungele izinduku (amagundane, amagundane, ama-hamsters), izinkukhu, izigwaca nezinye izinyoni. Kunconywa ukondla ngokuhlelekile, okungcono kakhulu njalo ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukuze uqinise ukungatheleleki, ungazinikeza amavithamini wezinyoka kanye namaminerali, i-egghell ne-calcium.

Izindlela zokuqapha

Ekhaya, ekunakekeleni abagijimayo, udinga ukulandela izeluleko ezimbalwa zokuqapha lapho ugcina lezi zilwane:

• ungathenga isilwane esitolo sezilwane, kepha kungcono ukukwenza ngabafuyi bezinyoka, lapha kungcono ukuthi wazi ngokushesha ngazo zonke izici zokugcinwa kwesilwane,
• i-terrarium ekhethwe kahle nehlonyelwe kuzosiza ekugwemeni izinkinga eziningi ngezinyoka,
• gcina izimo ezifanele zokushisa,
• izinyoka eziye zaba yizilwane ezifuywayo kufanele, njengazo zonke ezinye izilwane ezifuywayo, zihlolwe ngokucophelela ngochwepheshe ukubheka isimo wamehlo, amazinyo, isikali, ukuphefumula, ukusebenza kwenhliziyo nezinye izitho zomzimba,
• izinyoka akuzona izinyoka ezinobuthi, kepha ezinye zazo esesimweni sokucasuka ziyakwazi ukuhlasela umuntu, zimlume futhi zize zilwe nomnikazi ngomzimba wakhe onamandla futhi oqinile, ngakho-ke kudingeka uqaphele futhi uqaphele kakhulu ekuziphatheni kwezilwane ezifuywayo,
• kungcono ukondla izinyoka ngezidumbu eziqale ukubanda, lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema izifo eziningi (ngokwesibonelo, i-salmonellosis) ezingadluliselwa ngokudla ngamagundwane bukhoma noma ezinye izilwane,
• izinyoka zingaba abathwali be-salmonella nezinye izifo, ngakho-ke ukugeza izandla zakho ngemuva kokuxhumana ngakunye nazo kufanele kube okuphoqelekile.

Izinhlobonhlobo zezinyoka ziyamangaza, ziningi. Ezinye zazo zinobuthi, kepha izinyoka ziphakathi kwabamele abomndeni abasele bezala futhi azibeki engcupheni ethile empilweni yomuntu nasempilweni. Kodwa noma kunjalo, ukuqaphela kuyadingeka ekuziphatheni nabo, ikakhulukazi ekunakekelweni kwasekhaya, futhi kuyadingeka ukuthi ufunde ukuthi unganquma kanjani ukubukeka kwabo kahle, ngoba lokhu kuzosiza ekugwemeni ukuxhumana nezinyoka ezinobuthi.

Ukusakazeka kraight okwesibhakabhaka.

I-krait eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ifinyelela iningi laseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, itholakala eningizimu ye-Indochina, isakazeka eThailand, Java, Sumatra naseningizimu yeBali. Lolu hlobo lukhona ezifundeni eziphakathi neVietnam, luhlala e-Indonesia. Ukusatshalaliswa eMyanmar naseSingapore akuqinisekisiwe, kepha kungenzeka ukuthi i-kraite eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nayo itholakala lapho. Lolu hlobo lutholakale eshalofini lesiqhingi sasePulau Langkawi, eCambodia, eLaos, eMalaysia.

I-Malaysian krayt (i-Bungarus expressionus).

Izimpawu zangaphandle zokukhanya okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

I-krayt eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayiyona inkulu inyoka uma iqhathaniswa ne-yellow and black ribbon kraits. Lolu hlobo lunobude bomzimba olungaphezulu kuka-108 cm, abanye abantu bude bube yi-160 cm. Umbala wangemuva ku-kraite eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onsundu omnyama, omnyama noma onsundu. Izindandatho ezingama-27- 34 zidlula emzimbeni nomsila, ezincishisiwe futhi zindilinga ezinhlangothini. Izindandatho zokuqala ngombala cishe zihlangana nombala omnyama wekhanda. Imivimbo emnyama ihlukaniswa izikhala ezibanzi, eziphuzi, ezimhlophe, ezinqamula amasongo amnyama. Isisu simhlophe ngokulinganayo. I-krait eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibizwa nangokuthi inyoka emnyama nebomhlophe. Umzimba kaKraut awunawo umgogodla ophakemeIsikali se-smooth dorsal sitholakala emigqeni engu-15 eceleni komgogodla, inani lokungena lango-195-237, ipuleti anal lingenacala futhi alilingani, lingaphansi kwe-37-56. Ama-kraits aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amadala ahlukaniswa kalula kwezinye izinyoka ezimnyama nezimhlophe ezicijile, futhi kunzima ukuthola ukuthi zinjani.

I-Habitat ye-kraite eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

IBlue Kraite ihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini nasezintabeni, abanye abantu batholakala ezindaweni ezinamagquma kusuka kumamitha angama-250 kuya kwangama-300 ukuphakama. Okuncane kuvame ukukhuphuka ngenhla kwamamitha ayi-1200. IBlue Kraite ithanda ukuhlala eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi, itholakala ngasogwini lwamachibi nasezigudwini, futhi ivame ukutholakala emasimini erayisi, emasimini, nasemadamu aseduze nokuvimba umchachazo wamanje. I-krait eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibamba umgodi wegundwane futhi ibeke indawo yokuhlala kuyo, iphoqa izinduku ukuba zishiye isidleke sazo.

Izici zokuziphatha krait eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ama-kraits aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka asebenza kakhulu ebusuku, awazithandi izindawo ezikhanyisiwe futhi, edonswa ekukhanyeni, amboza amakhanda awo ngomsila wawo. Imvamisa, ibonwa phakathi kuka-9 no-11 pm futhi imvamisa ayisihlukuli ngalesi sikhathi.

Azihlaseli kuqala futhi azikulumi ngaphandle kokuthi zivusela ukuhlaselwa yizinkabi. Kunoma yimuphi umzamo wokubamba, ama-kraite aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka azama ukuluma, kepha awakwenzi kaningi.

Ebusuku, lezi zinyoka ziluma kalula, njengoba kufakazelwa ukulunywa okuningana okutholwe ngabantu abalala ebusuku phansi phansi. Ukubamba ama-krajts aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kube mnandi kuwukuzivocavoca okungenangqondo, kepha ababambi bezinyoka abasebenza emhlabeni wonke lokhu bakwenza njalo. Ubuthi bukaPorat bunobuthi kangangokuba akufanele uthathe izingozi ukuthola umbono wokuzingela inyoka exotic.

I-Blue Kraight inyoka enobuthi.

Ama-kraits aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka akhiqiza into enobuthi kakhulu enamaphuzu angama-50 aqine kunobuthi be-cobra. Ngokuyisisekelo, ukulunywa yinyoka kufakwa ebusuku, lapho umuntu engena inyoka ngokungazi, noma lapho abantu behlasela. Ubuthi obanele ekuhlushweni okuyi-0,1 mg kilo nganye ngokuqala kokufa kumagundane, njengoba izifundo zelebhu zibonisa.

Ubuthi be-kraight eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yi-neurotoxic futhi ikhubaza isimiso sezinzwa somuntu. Umphumela obulalayo uvela kuma-50% alabo abalamayo, imvamisa emahoreni ayi-12-24 ngemuva kokuba ubuthi bungene egazini.

Emizuzwini yokuqala engamashumi amathathu ngemuva kokulunywa, kuzwakala ubuhlungu obuncane bese kuthi ukuqubuka kwenzeke esizeni se-lesion, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, kubonakale buthakathaka, kube nokwanda kwe-myalgia. Ukwehluleka ukuphefumula kwenzeka, kudinga umoya omncane wokuphefumula, amahora angama-8 ngemuva kokulunywa. Izimpawu ziya ziba zimbi futhi zihlala cishe amahora angama-96.

Imiphumela emibi enkulu yokuthola i-toxin emzimbeni yi-asphyxiation ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwemisipha nezinzwa, okunciphisa i-diaphragm noma izicubu zenhliziyo. Kube sekwenzeka ukomula nokufa kwamangqamuzana obuchopho. Ezimweni ezingama-50%, ubuthi be-krait obuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bubangela ukufa ngisho nangemva kokusebenzisa i-antitoxin.

Ayikho ikhambi lokudalwa kwesenzo sobuthi be-krax eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eyenziwe. Ukwelashwa kuqukethe ukusekela ukuphefumula nokuvikela ukukhula kwe-pneumonitis yesifiso. Ezimweni eziphuthumayo, odokotela baphatha i-antitoxin kumuntu othintwe ubuthi, obusetshenziselwa ukuluma inyoka yenyathi.

Isimo sokulondolozwa kwe-krai eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

IBlue Kraight ihlukaniswe njengezinhlobo “ezikhathazayo” ngenxa yokusatshalaliswa okubanzi. Lolu hlobo lwenyoka luyinto yokuhweba, izinyoka zithengiswa ukudla, nemithi yenziwa ezithweni zayo ngemithi yendabuko. Ezingxenyeni ezahlukahlukene zebanga lokusatshalaliswa, ukudotshwa kraits okwesibhakabhaka kuthinta inani labantu.

Kukhona umthetho kahulumeni wokuhweba ngalolu hlobo lwenyoka eVietnam. Ukubamba okuthe xaxa kungahle kube nemiphumela emibi kakhulu kuzinhlobo, njengoba kungekho lwazi oluthembekile ekuhambeni kwabantu. Le nhlobo yobusuku obuyimfihlo nezimfihlo ayitholakali, futhi yize izinyoka zivame ukubanjwa kwezinye izingxenye zobubanzi bayo, ikakhulukazi eVietnam, akukho datha yokuthi le nqubo isithinta kanjani isimo sabantu.

Ngenxa yokuvela okungatheni emvelweni, i-kraite eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka iboniswa kwiBhuku elibomvu laseVietnam. Lolu hlobo lwenyoka luyathengiswa ukuze kutholwe okuthiwa "i-inyoka iwayini" elisetshenziselwa ukwelapha.

Lo muthi usetshenziswa kabanzi ekwelapheni kwendabuko i-Indochina.

EVietnam, i-krayt eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ivikelwe ngumthetho ukunciphisa ukuqothulwa kwezinyoka endle. Abantu abakhulu babanjelwa isikhumba senyoka futhi benze izikhumbuzo, njengoba kunjalo nangezinye izinhlobo zamakhara. Ubungako bokubanjwa kwama-kraits aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwamanye amazwe budinga ukufundelwa okuthe xaxa.

Lolu hlobo luvikelwe ngumthetho eVietnam kusukela ngonyaka we-2006, kepha imithetho iyenqabela, kepha ayinqabeli, ukuhweba kulolu hlobo lwenyoka. Kudingeka ezinye izifundo ukuthola ubukhulu bomthelela wezinsongo ezivelayo kubantu abaluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Mhlawumbe abazenzi kuloluhlu lonke lokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo, kodwa baziveza kuphela ezingeni lendawo, ngokwesibonelo, eVietnam.

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