I-Triton isilwane esingesigaba sabase-amphibians, isigcino se-non-igobolondo, i-squad tailed amphibians. Imindeni okungeyakho okusha yilokhu: ama-salamanders angempela, i-salamander engenamaphaphu, ne-lugfish. I-Triton akuyona inkomo futhi ayisona isililo, iyisilwane impilo yaso edlula ezintweni ezimbili: emanzini nasemhlabeni.

Ihlala kuphi i-newt?

Uhla lokusatshalaliswa kwama-newts luhlanganisa cishe wonke umhlaba, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica, i-Australia ne-Afrika. AmaNewts ahlala emazweni aseMelika, eYurophu nase-Asia, futhi atholakala nangaphaya kwe-Arctic Circle.

I-Amphibian newt ihlala ezindaweni ezigcwele imifino. Ngemuva kokuphuma echibini, ulinda amahora ashisayo endaweni yokukhosela, angaba ngamagxolo esihlahla awile, izinqwaba zamatshe, iziqu ezibolile nemisele yokulahla izinduku ezincane. Ebusika, isilwane se-newt singena emfucumfucwini (ehlala izinyanga ezingaba ngu-8), sicashe endaweni esecashile: ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kwenqwaba yamaqabunga awileyo, angcwatshwe emhlabathini noma ngamahlamvu awile.

Adlani ama-tritons?

Ukudla okuyinhloko kwama-newts ama-invertebrates. Ngesikhathi sokuhlala ezindlini zokugcina amanzi zingaba ama-crustaceans amancane, izibungu zomiyane kanye nezimfene. Lapho zifika ezweni, ezintsha zidla ama-slugs, izikhwebu zomhlaba kanye nezibungu zezinambuzane ezihlukile zomhlaba. Umsebenzi we-Amphibian uboniswa ebusuku.

Ukusakazeka kwamaTrons

Lapho kuqala intwasahlobo, owesilisa nowesifazane abasha bebuyela endaweni yokugcina amanzi, lapho bazalelwa khona. Ngemuva kokuthi owesilisa enze umdanso wokuphelelisa, kwenzeka umanyolo wangaphakathi. Iduna elisha lishiya ama-spermatophores alo emanzini, lapho i-newt ithatha i-cesspool. I-Caviar inamathela ezimileni ezingaphansi kwamanzi. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20, kuvela izibungu zama-triton ezinama-gill. Ehlobo, zithola i-metamorphoses, kanti ekwindla, okusha okufika ku-4 cm ubude ngamaphaphu enziwe aya olwandle.

Izinhlobo zezinto ezintsha, amagama nezithombe

Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zama-newts, abamele abalandelayo bangahlukaniswa:

• I-Newt entsha(I-Lissotriton vulgaris)

yizinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zalawa ama-amphibians. Ubude bomzimba onomsila abudluli ku-11 cm. Isikhumba se-newt singaba sobushelelezi futhi simbozwe ngezinduna ezincane. Ingaphezulu lekhanda, emuva kanye nomsila imvamisa ngombala onsundu ngombala, kanti amabala amnyama ayabonakala engxenyeni engezansi, apendwe ngamathoni aphuzi. Ngenkathi zihlala emanzini, ama-newts amancanyana adla izibungu zomiyane kanye nodrako, ama-crustaceans amancane. Emhlabeni, lokhu kudla kusekelwe kwizibungu, izinambuzane kanye neminyundu. Uhla lokusatshalaliswa kwalolu hlobo lokusha lubandakanya amazwe aseNtshonalanga, eCentral naseNyakatho Yurophu kanye neningi lendawo yaseRussia. Ihlala emahlathini anezihlahla ezinesithunzi, amapaki kanye nemishayo embozwe yihlathi.

• Comb Newt(I-Triturus cristatus)

ingafinyelela ku-18 cm ubude. Umbala wengxenye engenhla yomsila nesiqu sombala omnyama noma onsundu. Amabala amnyama abonakala kahle esiswini sewolintshi. I-crest ekhula ku-newts yabesilisa ngesikhathi sokuzala, inokubukeka okuxakile. Ihlala, njenge-newt ejwayelekile, emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Kodwa-ke, ePyrenees nasenyakatho yeNhlonhlo yeScandinavia akutholakali. E-Russia, indawo yokusabalalisa ifinyelela eningizimu yesifunda seSverdlovsk. Indawo yendawo yalolu hlobo ixubile futhi inamakhambi, kanye namahlathi atshaliwe ehlathini.

• I-Alpine newt(Ichthyosaura alpestris)

ungummeleli omuhle kakhulu wama-amphibians we-tailed. Isikhumba esibushelelezi ngemuva kwabesilisa sidwetshwe ngombala onsundu ngombala onsundu, ezinhlangothini nasemilenzeni kukhona amabala amnyama aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwifomu elingaqondakali. Umbala wesisu ubomvu korenji, ingaphezulu lomsila lingwevu ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti eliphansi linama-olive tint. Ubukhulu bomuntu omdala bungafinyelela ku-13 cm. I-Alpine newt isabalale ezindaweni ezisezintabeni naseGreece, Spain, Italy naseDenmark. E-Russia, abamele le nhlobo abatholakali.

• IMarble Triton(I-Triturus marmoratus)

uhlala eSpain, eFrance nasePortugal, unombala oluhlaza okhanyayo onamabala amnyama wesakhiwo esingapheli, anikeze isikhumba ukuthungwa kwemabula. Izindawo ezimhlophe zitholakala ngokungahleliwe kwisisu esimnyama. Isici esihlukile sowesifazane isigaxa esincanyana sewolintshi noma obomvu esihamba emzimbeni. Ubude bama-newts amasha awudluli ku-17 cm. Ama-Amphibians ahlala eduze nezidumbu zamanzi anamanzi okuma noma imifula ngokugeleza okuzolile nokuhamba kancane. Indlela yokuphila ifana ne-newt ejwayelekile.

• I-Sparkling Newt(iribhoni entsha)(I-Pleurodeles waltl)

Inombala onsundu onamabala wesimo esingafani sombala obomvu we-orange. Isisu isisu esinamabala amancane amnyama. Isici esivelele salolu hlobo wukungabikho kwe-dorsal crest emadodeni phakathi nesikhathi sokuzala kanye nezimbambo eziphuma ngaphandle ngokuvuleka kwesikhumba futhi kuqukethe into enobuthi. Umuntu omdala angafinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha angama-23. Ngokungafani nezihlobo eziningi, ama-newts aqhakaza abantu abadala ayakwazi ukuhola indlela yokuphila yasemhlabeni futhi azizwe emkhulu emachibini emvelo nawokufakelwa, kanye nasemigodini emanzi. Indawo le ifaka iMorocco, iSpain nePortugal.

• I-Asia Minor Newt (Ommatotriton vittatus, ukuvumelanisa I-Triturus vittatus)

ingafinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha ayi-14. Ihanjiswe eTurkey, e-Iraq, eKrasnodar Territory, e-Abkhazia, kwa-Israyeli naseGeorgia. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, isikhumba sabesilisa sinombala okhanyayo wethusi kanye namabala amnyama amnyama nemivimbo yesiliva emzimbeni. I-corst ephezulu yokuvuthwa kwentambo etholakala kuphela emuva futhi ayidluleli emsileni. Lolu hlobo lwamadlozi luhlala emizimbeni yamanzi egelezayo, emahlathini axubile futhi aqukethe. Ukudla kwaso kufaka phakathi ama-mollusks asemanzini, izibungu zezinambuzane, izibungu nama-arachnids. Kusebenzisa ulimi olude ukubamba ukudla.

• UTriton Karelina(Triturus karelinii)

inobude bomzimba obuyisilinganiso esingu-13 cm, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zifinyelela osayizi abangama-18 cm. Ngalesi sizathu, uKarelin uthathwa njengomkhulu kunhlobo lwe-newt genus. Umbala womzimba onsundu noma ompunga unamabala amnyama. Isisu nomphimbo ophuzi noma owolintshi anezindawo ezincane ezimnyama. Ihlala ezindaweni ezinamahlathi nezinezintaba eGrisi, eBulgaria, eTurkey, eGeorgia, eSerbia, eCrimea nasogwini lolwandle lwaseRussia.

• Ussuri ushaye i-newt(Ussuri lugfish) (I-Onychodactylus fischeri)

lolu uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwamathoyizi. Ubude bomzimba ngaphandle komsila buyi-58-90 mm, ubude bebonke ngomsila bufika ku-12,5-18,5 cm. Umsila uvame ukuba mude kunomzimba. Ihlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe futhi aqukethe amandla eKorea, empumalanga yeChina, eningizimu yeMpumalanga Ekude yeRussia. Imvamisa uhlala emifudlaneni ebandayo, lapho izinga lokushisa lamanzi lingadluli ama-10-12 degrees. Idla izinambuzane kanye nama-mollusks. Ngokuyisisekelo, lolu hlobo lwama-newts luhlala lusemanzini, ngoba alubekezeleli ukomiswa kwesikhumba. Newts hibernate ngamaqembu emigodini, emhlabeni imifantu, noma isiqu sesihlahla esibolile.

• I-Yellow-belued Triton(Taricha granulosa)

inobude obungamasentimitha ayi-13 kuye kwangama-22. Isikhumba salawa ma-amphibians si-granular, ingemuva sinsundu noma sinsundu-simnyama, isisu siphuzi noma siwolintshi. Ezinye izinhlobo zinamabala ezinhlangothini zazo. Ihlala ogwini olusentshonalanga yeCanada nase-USA. Njengabanye abasha, i-yellow-beled newt ikhipha ubuthi obunamandla - i-tetrodotoxin.

• I-California triton(Taricha torosa)

ingafinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-20. Umbala we-amphibian ungaba mnyama futhi ube nsundu. Lolu hlobo lwe-newts luhlala eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-USA: ezintabeni zaseSierra Nevada nasogwini lwaseCalifornia. Lolu hlobo lwamadlozi luthatha izinambuzane, iminenke, izibungu, ama-slgs kanye nama-invertebrates amancane.

Kungani bethandwa kangaka?

I-Triton vulgaris ayibukeki njengenhlanzi. Alunakho lokho ukuthamba, ukuba sengozini nokuthinta, njengasezinhlanzini ezinesizungu ezungezwe ngotshani kanye nomsila omuhle kakhulu.

Lesi yisidalwa esinesici futhi sisebenza kahle, esifana ne-salamander, futhi sifanekiselwa emvelweni ngezinketho eziningana, ngasinye sazo esinezici zaso kuphela.

Izinhlobo zalezi ezihuquzelayo zingahluka kakhulu kwezinye:

• osayizi
• imibala
• izimo zokuphila ezidingekayo
• umlingiswa

Izinhlobo:

ICrested Triton ngumuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke, okwazi ukukhula ngo-18 cm ubude. Ngesikhathi sokuzalela, ukwakheka okucace bha ngesimo samafomu emhlane weduna, okunika isilwane sifane nodrako. Lokhu kubumbeka kuhlala kuyo yonke ingxenye engenhla yomzimba (kusukela komqhele kuya emaphethelweni umsila).

I-Asia Minor Triton ihluke kancane kuloluhlobo. Uma ungabheki usayizi wayo omncane (kufika ku-12 cm cm), ukuphakama neseva ye-crest yayo kuyamangaza. Lezi zinhlobo kunalokho ezingathandeki ubukeka kancane menifying futhi kushaqise.

I-nitrite ethwala i-nitr incane kakhulu ngosayizi, ubukhulu bayo abudluli ku-6 cm. Ukubukeka kwakhe kuthambile futhi kujwayelekile, futhi umlingiswa wakhe akanalo ulaka.

I-newt emfushane ngokweqile, enegama lesibili: isisu somlilo. Igama elinjalo alizange livele ngokuzumayo, kodwa, ngenxa yombala obomvu okhanyayo nesiswini wesisu se-amphibian.

Onke ama-tritonchiks anesici esisodwa esijabulisayo: ukushintsha isikhumba ngokwawo. Ikhono eliphakeme kangaka lokuvuselela isikhathi eside laba nentshisekelo kososayensi nakwisazi sezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kusasa kwesayensi yemvelo futhi akuyona inkinga eqondakala ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu udla ngokushesha "ukubukeka" kwakhe kwakudala, angashiyi mkhondo.

Yini izici zokuphila kwabo?

I-Triton aquarium ayikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi imfihlakalo yemvelo, kepha isenezici ezimbalwa zemfihlakalo. Ukuba nemvelo enegazi elibandayo, izidalwa ezikhethiweyo zithanda izinga lokushisa kwamanzi e-aquarium lingabi ngaphezu kwama-22 °. I-Karelin triton, ngokwesibonelo, iyakwazi ukuzala emanzini ngokushisa kwe-6 o . Ngakho-ke, ngekhono lokufudumeza kwamanzi, ngokwesibonelo, kusuka isibani, kufanele kunikezwe ithuluzi lokupholisa.

I-Iranian newt ene-gamut engachazeki yokuhlanganiswa kombala (isisu se-orange, izinhlangothi ezimhlophe kanye nomhlane omnyama), njengezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo eziningi, zithanda ukubhakela "ithala elangeni", elihlomise ngqo eduze kwe-aquarium. Kungentuthuko enjalo kuphela lapho umngani omncane angaba nempilo futhi abe muhle.

Ngokujabulisayo i-caudate amphibian yemabula entsha. Umbala womphezulu wawo uvumela ukuba ungabonakali ngokuqhathaniswa nesizinda sezitshalo eziluhlaza okotshana noma ezimanzi ze-aquarium. Iphethini eyinkimbinkimbi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka eyisisekelo esimnyama luhlobo lokulingiswa kwemvelo, okukuvumela ukuthi uzivumelanise nokuphila e-aquarium enezilwane ezizingelayo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo komunye nomunye?

Isici sezakhamizi zase-aquarium yikhono lokuzivumelanisa nemithetho ejwayelekile, ukudla ukudla kwendawo yonke nokuphila impilo efanayo neyodwa. Kodwa-ke, maqondana ne-tritonchiks lokhu akusebenzi njalo. Ngakho-ke, i-nitrous triton ithanda ukusebenza ebusuku, lapho ezinye izakhamizi zase-aquarium ziphumula futhi ingozi incane. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-crocodile newt, enombala obuthuntu kodwa onombala ogqamile, ayesabi ukuqashelwa ngenxa yokufana kombala wayo nokugqwala kwamanzi. Ngesibindi ubhukuda phakathi nosuku cishe ebusweni.

Marble Triton uzizwa engcono ngaphandle kwamanzi. Ilungele ukubeka ngaphansi kwesibani isikhathi eside, ifane nesibungu. Kodwa-ke, esikhathini sokukhwelana, ingemuva lowesilisa isabambile.

I-Asia Minor Triton iyisifenqo esifihlekile nesinesizungu. Cishe njalo, ufuna ukucasha futhi anganakwa. Imvamisa idlulela ngale kwendawo echazwe nguye, ekhangayo ngokwakha i-aquarium ensemble.

Yikuphi ukukhetha i-aquarium yasekhaya?

I-Triton aquarium ingaba yisakhamuzi esivelele se-eccentric sombuso wamanzi wasekhaya. Uhlobo lwe-newt-salamander, ehlakaniphile futhi engajwayelekile, ethakazelisa ngokwempilo futhi ayiqondakali ngokuphelele.

Ukuzikhethela kuncike ngosayizi we-aquarium nokuzimisela ukunakekela njalo okuqukethwe kwangaphakathi kwayo. Ngakho-ke, i-Karelin triton, ebonakala ngosayizi omkhulu, iyozizwa icindezelwe ngevolumu yamanzi angaphansi kwamalitha angama-50. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-newt ye-filthous, engahlali ngobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele, izozama ukuzivumelanisa nendlu esezingeni eliphakathi nendawo. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka unakekele okusha kwamanzi kanye nokuhlanzwa kwawo kwemishini. Ngokuvamile, itriton ye-nitrous iyindlela engakhethwa kakhulu ye-aquarium yasekhaya.

Ngokungezelela empikiswaneni ngosayizi wethimba, iqembu elibunjiwe libaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlomisa i-aquaterrarium, ungamisa ngesikhathi okukhethwa kukho okuhle: newt - salamander. Umbala wayo nosayizi ongakhetha kukho kwanele ukuqamba ukwakheka kwasekuqaleni nokwangempela.

Kodwa-ke, ukuvumelana nezinhlanzi ezithile, amafudu noma iminenke akubekiwe. Into esemqoka ukungabandakanyi amathuba okudla omunye komunye. Umthetho wokuqala kuleli cala kuzoba yimishini ye-aquarium ehlukile yokukhiqiza kabusha.

Ukuze ungafaki ukungcoliswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kanye nokubola kwamanzi, kunconywa ukuthi ukudla kwenziwe ngokwahlukile (ngokwesibonelo, ama-newts, ama-turtle noma amasele).

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezihuquzelayo ze-amphibian ezinegama elithi "tritonchiki". Ngamunye wabo ubuntu kanye nomlingiswa. Ungakhuluma kakhulu ngabo, kepha kungcono ukuzama ukwenza abangane. Ngokuvamile, abafunanga futhi abakhethi. Kodwa-ke, abathandi ukuba ngemuva. Umhlaba we-aquarium ukhona kubo, futhi bafuna ukuba ngabanikazi abagcwele kuwo.

Ukubukeka kwe-newt ejwayelekile

I-newt ejwayelekile inobude bomzimba enomsila ongama-7 - 11 cm kuphela futhi ingenye encane kunazo zonke phakathi kwezinhlobo zezinto ezintsha.

Kulolu hlobo lwintsha, izinsikazi zivame ukuba zincane ngosayizi kunabesilisa. Lo mehluko ubizwa kakhulu ngesikhathi sokukhwelana. Ngalesi sikhathi, owesilisa une-crest ekhethekile emhlane wakhe. Kuwo wonke unyaka, owesilisa nowesifazane we-newt ejwayelekile awafani kangako ngokubukeka.

I-Newt entsha.

Isikhumba se-newt sibushelelezi ekuthinteni, izikali lincane kakhulu. Umzimba upende ngamathoni omnqumo noma onsundu. Kukhona amabala amnyama esiswini sombala osawolintshi noma ophuzi. Owesilisa uvame ukufakwa imibala emnyama uma uqhathaniswa nowesifazane.

Indawo yokuhlala ye-newt ejwayelekile

I-newt entsha ingenye yezinhlobo ezejwayelekile kakhulu zama-newts. Lolu hlobo lutholakala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngaphandle kwasenyakatho yePeninsula yaseScandinavia, eningizimu yeFrance, eningizimu yeSifundazwe Sase-Apennine nayo yonke insimu yeNhlonhlo yase-Iberia. Futhi, i-newt ejwayelekile ihlala e-Asia kuze kufike ezintabeni ze-Altai.

Triton yokuphila kanye nokudla

Esikhathini sokukhwelana, i-triton ikakhulukazi ibanjwa emanzini. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukhetha amachibi anezifo ezibuthakathaka noma amanzi ashubile: amachibi, amachibi, izimbotshana. Lapho kuphela isikhathi sokuzalela, i-newt ejwayelekile ithuthela emahlathini amahlahlana, amahlathi, ngisho nomhlaba wezolimo. ITriton imvamisa ingatholakala ezingadini nasezivandeni.

Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwayo emanzini, ukudla kwe-newt kubandakanya ikakhulu ama-mollusks, izibungu zezinambuzane kanye nama-crustaceans amancane ahlukahlukene. Ezimweni zokuphila ngaphandle kwezidumbu zamanzi, lokhu kudla okudlalwa yizicabucabu, izimpungushe, imikhaza, amacimbi, amabhungane, iminyuzi nezinye izilwane ezincane. Izibungu zezidalwa ezintsha zidla izibungu zomiyane, isiphazi kanye nezinye izilwanyana ezincane zasendlini.