UBeech - ongumhlengikazi, owagqoka ibhulukwe eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebusika, akaboni uhlobo lomphakathi wakhe futhi ozibandakanya ne-titmouse. Uhola izinsalela zonke naye. Kwesinye isikhathi zihlanganiswa ngamapikas nokudansa kompompi. Umhlambi onjalo futhi bayazulazula ehlathini, benza okuphambanisa indawo yabo. Bahambela amadolobha nemizana, babheke ezindlini zokugcina ukudla nasekupheni lapho beyofuna khona ukudla. Lapha, ngaphansi kophahla noma ngemuva kwama-shutter, besebenzisa imfudumalo yomuntu, bahlala ubusuku.
Izici zokuziphatha nemikhuba ye-nuthatch
Lezi zihambi ezingenamakhaya zihlanza izingadi zezinambuzane eziyingozi, zibhubhisa amaqanda ayinkulungwane noma izibungu zifihla emifantweni yegxolo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, yilungu ngalinye leqoqo lihambisa kuphela izwi lakhe elivela kuye, kodwa wonke umuntu uyaqonda. Lapha i-tit iqalile “ukukhahlela, ukukhahlela!” Okwethusayo. Futhi lolu phawu lwenza ukuqaphela kanye nezinye izinyoni. Futhi uma nuthatch ukushaya ikhwela ngendlela enobugagu, wonke ama-tits ne-tap-and-ufuna ukushesha kuzo zonke izinkomba.
By the way, for this whistleic whistle "whistle" isidlaliso silapha futhi lapho sabiza umqeqeshi.
Njengoba isibalo saso sinesitokisi eside nekhala eliyisidudla nomsila omfishane, i-nuthatch ifana ne-woodpecker. Kepha lokhu kufana kungaphandle kuphela. Empeleni, i-nuthatch ingeyama-passerines. Kepha emandleni ukukhuphuka iziqu zemithi kuzonikeza amaphuzu ayikhulu ngaphambili kunoma iyiphi i-Woodpecker. Lesi sithoba esihle se-dart singahamba siqhubeke nesiqu nge-agility efanayo phezulu naphansi naphansi. Njengoba ethanda. Nguye kuphela okwaziyo ukwenza izinto ezinjalo. U-Woodpecker ugibela isiqu esiqonde phezulu kuphela phansi, ajeqe, aphumule emsileni wakhe ongaqinile.
Inkosi engenakuqhathaniswa yokukhuphuka, ehola ubungani ne-titmouse, unuthatch, njengokungathi kunjalo, ihlanganiswe ngokwayo kokubili i-Woodpecker ne-titmouse. Lezi zici ziboniswa egameni lesiJalimane lenyoni, okusho ngesiRashiya ukuthi "Woodpecker."
Izindiza ZakwaNuthatch
Inyoni ehlathini igcinwa imfihlo kakhulu. Akazi ukuthi uyihlabe kanjani imbobo yakhe futhi uyisebenzisa isilungele isidleke. Futhi uma umnyango wokungena ubanzi, umqashi omusha uwumboza ngomhlaba oxutshwe namathe kanye netiyela. Ngakho-ke, entwasahlobo, ibele elimhlophe nesisu senyoni kuyakotshwa futhi kubonakale kumnyama kude. Futhi udonga lobumba, selomile, luba namandla kakhulu kangangokuba kunguqhwaku oluqinile kuphela lwe-Woodpecker enkulu olungawubhubhisa. Futhi kukhazimula njengopende.
Amaqanda amhlophe ayisihlanu kuya kwayisithupha amabala agcwele entwasahlobo esidlekeni. Amantshontsho ahlala ndawonye okokuqala ngemuva kokuqokwa. Ekwindla, lapho ukubhonga kwezinyoni ezifudukayo kuzwakala, amantshontsho asakazeka emigwaqweni ehlukene. Wonke umuntu uthatha umhlalaphansi futhi uqala ukuphila impilo ezimele. Imvamisa, i-nuthatch ijoyina umhlambi we-tits, ovame ukuhola. Njengokungathi uyazi ukuthi lezi zinyoni ezihamba kahle azazi lusizi.
Ngokwemvelo, le nyoni ebonakala imfiliba iyakhohliseka, futhi uma ungayicasuli, ngokushesha iba yimbi. Ngokubukeka kwayo kwasekuqaleni kanye nemikhuba ehlekisayo eyingqayizivele, i-nuthatch izokhanyisa usuku olwandayo lwasebusika olungaphezu kwesisodwa e-taiga. Ngamahora amaningi ungahlala eduze kwendawo yokuzingela futhi ubabaze indlela akhuphuka ngobuciko futhi ewele ngayo. Ngokusobala, ixoxo elinobuthi lihamba phambili.
Ukubonakala komsizi
Ubude bomzimba we-nuthatch buyi-12 cm cm. Amaphiko awo ngamasentimitha angama-23-27. Umuntu omdala unesisindo esingama-25 g.
Banekhanda elikhulu, intamo emfushane, umzimba wesitoko nomsila omncane. Uqhwaku olunesihlahla luqondile, lude futhi lunamandla, lupendiwe ngmpunga. Ngokuya ngensimu yokuhlala, amaplamu apendiwe ngemibala ehlukahlukene. Ishubhu elingaphezulu lezakhamuzi ezingxenyeni esenyakatho yeYurophu liphuzi-luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isisu sidwetshwe esifubeni, intamo imhlophe.
INuthatch inamawashi aqinile futhi ayishumi.
Ama-Subspecies ahlala ezifundeni ezisempumalanga anebele elimhlophe nomzimba ophansi obomvu. Ekhanda kukhona umucu omnyama osuka kwesisekelo sogwabu uye emuva kwekhanda. Izimbambo zidwetshwe ngombala onsundu. Kunemikhono emide ebukhali emilenzeni. Ngaphandle, izinsikazi kanye nowesilisa kuyahluka ngosayizi kuphela: abesilisa bakhulu kakhulu.
Ukuziphatha kwezinyoni nokondleka
Izindawo zokuhlala ezithandwayo zixubile futhi zinamahlathi ahlanganayo, amapaki nezingadi. Ukuphila ikakhulu ezihlahleni ezindala ezinde. Ngokuvamile uNuthatch uphila impilo yokuhlala phansi. Izakhamizi zezifunda zasenyakatho zibhabhela emazweni aseningizimu ebusika. Inyoni ngayinye ihlala ngokuqinile endaweni yayo futhi akekho ongaphula imingcele yezinto zabanye abantu. Phila impilo yodwa.
Umqeqeshi we-birdman uhlala emapaki nasezingadini.
Badla kokudla kwezitshalo nezilwane. Badla izimvemvane, izimpukane, izimbungulu, izimbungulu ngentokozo. Esikhathini esifudumele badla izithelo nembewu, njengembewu yelanga, amantongomane, ama-acorn. Ebusika, lapho kungacishe kudliwe, izinyoni zenza izimpahla futhi zizifihle ezindaweni zokuphumula nasekufakweni kweziqu zezihlahla. Izinyoni ziyahlabelela, ama-trill abo angaba nemvamisa ehlukile. Zinezinzipho eziyishumi, lokhu kuvumela i-nuthatch ukuthi ihambisane ngokushesha namagatsha, yebo ibheke phansi. Lezi zinyoni zingatholakala ekhaya, kulula ukuzisebenzisa. Kuma-nuthatch, ahlala endle, abantu bavame ukwenza izindlu lapho kuhlala khona izinyoni nezidleke.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Isikhathi izinyoni ezihlala kuzo zixhomeke kulokho ezihlala khona. Ukuqala kwalesi sikhathi ku-Ephreli-Meyi. I-nuthatch iyindida eyodwa, bakha ngababili kanye kuphela. Izidleke ezinamaphiko zitholakala emigodini yezihlahla, esikhathini esiningi lezi yizidleke zakudala ze-Woodpecker noma ukugqokwa kwendalo kwesiqu.
Izinhlungu zitholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha amathathu kuya kwayi-8. Umnyango wokungena esidlekeni uvame ukuba ngu-3-4 cm ngosayizi, okwedlulele kumbozwe ngobumba. Phansi kukhona udoti wamaqabunga nezikali nezinto ezincane zamagxolo.
UNuthatch - inyoni eyedwa.
Imvamisa, i-clutch iqukethe amaqanda angama-6-8. Zidaywe zibe mhlophe ngamabala amancane abomvu ansundu. Owesifazane ubandakanyeka ekufukameleni; kumakhosi uhlala emasontweni angama-2,5. Isidumbu sam amaphuphu asanda kuzalwa asimbozwe phansi. Kokubili insikazi nowesilisa kudlisa inzalo. Eminyakeni engama 33,5 amasonto, i-nuthatch iqala ukundiza. Abantu abadala bondla izilwane ezincane zize zifinyelele eminyakeni engama-5-5,5 amasonto. Isikhathi sokuphila kwalezi zinyoni endle yiminyaka eyi-10-11.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
Izinyoni ezihleliwe, ezisebusika: uhlu, isithombe esinamagama
Ukusiza izinyoni ezisele ukufaka hibernate ukuthola ukudla, hangers feeders. Futhi kungenzeka ukuthi bazoba nentshisekelo kuzivakashi ezinje:
- Undlunkulu . Ondlunkulu abanomsindo abindizela emihlambini bangaba izivakashi zokuqala emkhombeni wokudla.
- Tit. Amathayi ngezindlela eziningi awaphansi kunondlunkulu, ashesha ukushesha ayokondla abondli. Kepha uma kuqhathaniswa nondlunkulu, ama-tits anikezwa isimo sokuthobeka. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ehlobo, i-tit idla cishe ukudla okuningi njengoba izilinganisela. Imvamisa kuma-feeders ungabona imihlambi ehlanganisiwe enobumba bobabili kanye nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
- Igajethi . Isihlobo esiseduze sese-tit. Noma kunjalo, isifuba senkukhu asisiphuzi, kepha sinsundu. Futhi, i-gaiter yehlukile kwezinye i-tiles ngoba yenza igoqo esihlahleni ukwenza isidleke kuyo.
Igajethi - uhlobo olukhethekile lwethis
- Khokho. I-Raven ivame ukudidaniswa namabhuqa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amaqhude angavamile kakhulu entshonalanga yeRussia. Ngakho-ke, uma uhlala engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia futhi ubona inyoni emnyama ikhipha ikholaji ebhobozayo, lapho-ke cishe uzobona iqhude.
- Ijuba Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nendlela yokuphila yamajuba kwakuthonywe kakhulu ngabantu ababevele bebaletha nabo emakhoneni ehlukene oMhlaba. Manje amajuba atholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Amajuba aguqula kalula amawa, okuyindawo yawo yemvelo, ezakhiweni ezenziwe ngabantu.
Ukugoqana kwejuba kungenxa yokuthi kulula kubo ukubona into enentshisekelo
- I-Woodpecker. Ngenkathi efudumele, ama-woodpeckers adla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, azithola ngaphansi kwamagxolo ezihlahla, futhi ebusika ebandayo, angadla nokudla kwezitshalo: imbewu namantongomane.
- Magpie. UMagpie uthathwa njengenyoni enobuhlakani obuphakeme, uyakwazi ukuveza imizwa eminingi, kufaka phakathi ukudabuka futhi uyazi ukuthi angakubona kanjani ukukhombisa kwawo esibukweni. Kuyamangaza ukuthi hhayi abafowabo kuphela, kepha nezinye izinyoni, kanye nezilwane zasendle, ikakhulukazi amabhere nezimpisi, ezisabela ngokukhala okuthusayo kwemilingo.
UMagpie - inyoni ebusika
- Owl . Izikhova zihlukile, ezinkulu nezincane, zizonke kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-200. Lezi zinyoni zinikezwe ngamehlo abukhali nokuzwa okuhle, okuzivumela ukuba ziphile impilo yobusuku. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amakhekhe asekhanda lesikhova awazona izindlebe, izindlebe zangempela zezikhova zifihlwe ezimpaphe, kuthi enye yazo iqondiswe phezulu enye iqonde phansi, ukuze izwe kangcono okwenzeka ngenhla kwekhanda nasemhlabathini.
Owl - bird bird
- Le nyoni nayo ibhekwa njengesikhova futhi iyisihlobo esiseduze nezinye izikhova.
- Isikhova esingajwayelekile esihlala ikakhulukazi ezintabeni ezisezindaweni ezisenyakatho. Igama lale nyoni ezinguqulweni ezihlukile lisho "inedible" noma "alkwaneliseki."
- UJackdaw. Ngaphandle, ama-jackdaws afana nezimfudu namagwababa, ngaphezu kwalokho kunemihlambi exubile lapho ungabona khona zonke izinhlobo ezintathu zezinyoni. Kodwa-ke, i-jackdaw incane ngosayizi kune-crow. Futhi uma unenhlanhla ngokwanele yokubuka ukusondelana kusondele, lapho-ke ungakubona kalula ngombala onsomi wezimpaphe ezithile.
- UNuthatch. Le nyoni encane igibela iziqu zemithi ngokungafanele. Ehlobo, ama-nuthatch afihla imbewu namantongomane ku-bark, kuthi ebusika adle lokhu okutholakalayo.
- Klest. Njengesithambisi, le nyoni igibela izihlahla kahle futhi ingakwazi ukubambelela emagatsheni ibheke phansi. Ukudla okuthandwayo kwe-crossbill - imbewu kusuka ku-spruce ne-pine cones. Le nyoni iyaphawuleka ngeqiniso lokuthi ingakwazi ukudonsa nasebusika, kodwa kuphela uma kunokudla okwanele.
- Bullfinch. Abesilisa kuphela abanamabala obomvu akhanyayo esifubeni; izintokazi zibukeka zinesizotha kakhulu. Ama-bullfinches atholakala kakhulu ebusika, ngoba ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla, adonswa ngabantu. Ehlobo, ama-bullfinches akhetha i-Woodland futhi ayamangali, ngakho-ke akulula ukubabona.
- Waxwing . Inyoni enamapulangwe amahle nezwi lokucula. Ehlobo, idla kakhulu izinambuzane futhi ithanda ukuhlala emahlathini e-coniferous. Ebusika, i-waxwing iqhubekela ezifundeni eziseningizimu yezwe, ivame ukutholakala emadolobheni. Ngenkathi ebandayo, umlotha wasentabeni nezinye izithelo ziba kukudla okuyinhloko kwale nyoni.
- UJay Inyoni enkulu, nokho, engandiza idla emkhombeni owenziwe ngumuntu. Ehlobo, akuvamile ukuthi kuhlangatshezwe kulo muzi, kepha eduze nobusika, le nyoni iqala ukufinyelela lapho kuhlala khona abantu.
- I-Korolek. Enye yezinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke, isisindo sowesilisa osekhulile ngama-gramu ayi-5-7 kuphela. Amakhosi ayizihlobo zondlunkulu.
I-Korolek - umuntu ohlala ehlathini
- . Inyoni enkulu, okuyi-trophy eyintandokazi yabazingeli abaningi. Ama-Pheasants ayazi ukundiza, kepha ajwayele ukuhamba ngezinyawo.
- Hazel grouse . Kubuye kube yinto yokuzingela, yize iqiniso lokuthi le nyoni incane impela. Isisindo se-grouse esidala akuvamile ukufinyelela ku-500 g. Kuyathabisa ukuthi inani elikhulu kunazo zonke lalezi zinyoni lihlala eRussia.
I-Hazel grouse - inyoni ehlobene ne-grouse emnyama
- Enye inyoni ehlobene nokuzingela. I-Grouse itholakala emaphethelweni ehlathi nasehlathini-steppe.
- I-Falcon . Kubhekwa njengenye yezinyoni ezihlakaniphe kunabo bonke emhlabeni futhi engomunye wabazingeli abahamba phambili. I-falcon iyakwazi ukusebenzisana nomuntu, kepha kunzima kakhulu ukuyidambisa.
- . Njenge-falcon, inyoni edla inyama. Umbono we-hawk ubukhali izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili kunowomuntu. Futhi ishesha inyamazane, i-hawk ingafinyelela isivinini esifinyelela ku-240 km / h.
Izinyoni ezifudukayo, ezifudukayo: uhlu, isithombe esinamagama
- Ama-Rook ahluke kugwababagwala ngomlomo wombala onsomi ophuzi. E-Kuban nase-Ukraine, ungabona ukuthi kumakhwela okuwa ahlangana kanjani emihlambini emikhulu, enkulu kangangokuba isibhakabhaka sibonakala simnyama kusuka kuzinyoni ezintantayo kuyo - lawa izingwegwe ezindizela eningizimu. Kodwa-ke, izingwejezi zihlobana nezinyoni ezifudukayo zinemibandela kuphela, ezinye zazo zihlala kusebusika enkabeni yeRussia, ezinye zibusika e-Ukraine, kanti ezinye izinyoni zindizela ogwini lwaseTurkey kuphela ebusika.
- zithanda ukundiza ezweni elisembiwe, kwesinye isikhathi zindiza ngemuva kogandaganda olimayo ukuphatha ukuze zikhiphe izibungu eziningi nezibungu emgodini wemba.
- Le nyoni engenangqondo ngezwi lokucula ithanda ukufudumala ngakho-ke indiza iqonde eningizimu ekwindla. Futhi ebusika, abomdabu bendabuko bethu bakhetha i-Afrika eshisayo. Lezi zinyoni zindizela ebusika engxenyeni esempumalanga yezwekazi - iKenya neTopiya. Kodwa-ke, abantu bendawo ngeke bakujabulele ukucula kwabo, ngoba ama-nightingales acula kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, okwenzeka ezweni lakubo.
- Swallow AmaSwallows athanda indawo enamadwala, ajwayele ukuhlala ezindongeni eziqinile zemigwaqo eyenziwe ngabantu. Kodwa-ke, ubusika bethu bumatasa kakhulu ngemikhondo, ngakho-ke ekwindla bayandiza baye eningizimu ye-Afrika noma e-Asia esishisayo esekude kakhulu nathi.
- USiskin . Njenge-rook, inyoni efudukayo efika ekuseni futhi ingazibekile kude: eCaucasus, Kazakhstan naseningizimu yeYurophu. Ngaphandle, ama-siskins akaqhamuki, izimpaphe zawo oluhlaza grey azibonakali ngokuphelele ngemuva kwesizinda samagatsha. Umoya wale nyoni uhambisana nokubukeka: kuthule futhi kumnene.
- IGoldfinch. EYurophu, kuyinyoni ebusika, noma kunjalo, eRussia, i-carduelis ingabonakala kuphela ehlobo. Ebusika, ama-Carduelis aqoqana emihlambini futhi aya ezweni elinemozulu efudumele. AbakwaCarduelis bayizihlobo ezisondelene zikadadewabo.
IGoldfinch - enye yezinyoni ezimibalabala kakhulu
- Inyoni emfishane egijima ngokushesha emhlabathini futhi inyakazise umsila wayo kuzo zonke izinyathelo. Ama-Wagtail achithwa ebusika empumalanga ye-Afrika, eningizimu ye-Asia, futhi kwesinye isikhathi eningizimu yeYurophu.
- I-Quail. Okuwukuphela kwenyoni ephuma ngokulandelana kwezinkukhu, okufudukayo. Isisindo somugwaca osemdala asisikhulu kangako futhi sifinyelela kuma-80-150 g. Ehlobo, izigwaca zingatholakala emasimini ahlwanyelwe ukolweni no-rye. Ubusika bange-Quail budlula nemingcele yezwe lethu: eningizimu ye-Afrika naseningizimu ye-Asia, endaweni engaphansi kweNdiya.
- Hlikihla . I-songbird enama-trill ayo amnandi idala ukuncintisana okufanele ne-Nightingale. Futhi ukubukeka kwakhe, njengokwe-nightingale, kuyamangaza. Ebusika, iziqaqa ziba ngabaseYurophu: I-Italiya, iFrance neSpain - izwe labo lesibili.
- Lark . Ama-lark abuya emazweni afudumele kakhulu ekuqaleni, kwesinye isikhathi ngoMashi ungayizwa ingoma yawo eyi-sonorous, eba yisiteshi sokufudumala kwentwasahlobo. Futhi kumakhaza ubusika eSouthern Europe.
- I-Seagull . Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, ama-gulls ahlala ogwini lolwandle olusenyakatho athuthela Olwandle Olumnyama nolweCaspian. Kepha ngokuhamba kweminyaka, izinyoni zasolwandle ziheha abantu, futhi kuvame kakhulu ukuhlala ebusika emadolobheni.
- . Sula ubusika e-Afrika, bese indizela engxenyeni yayo ese-equatorial noma iya engxenyeni eseningizimu yezwe.
- Izinkanyezi zidinga kakhulu izindlu zezindlu zezinyoni, ngoba esikhathini esiningi zizalela inzalo yazo. Futhi izinkanyezi zethu ziya ebusika eSouthern Europe nase-East Africa.
Leli fu elimnyama eliyinqaba umhlambi wezinkanyezi ubuyela ekhaya
- Qeda . Izindatshana ezivela engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwe ebusika ikakhulukazi e-Central Europe naseMedithera, kanye nezindawo ezihlala ngase-Urals ehlobo ziya ebusika eningizimu yeKazakhstan kanye nasezindaweni eziseningizimu ye-Asia.
I-Chaffinch - isakhamuzi esinomsindo sehlathi
- UHeron . Kunzima impela ukuthola ukuthi amalutha achitha kuphi ubusika, amanye awo amboza amabanga amakhulu ukuya eNingizimu Afrika, ubusika obuthile eCrimea noma eKuban, nase-Stavropol Territory herons kwesinye isikhathi kuhlala ebusika.
- Umqhele . Le nyoni iyinyundela, futhi uma sebekhetha umlingani, bahlala bethembekile kuye impilo yakhe yonke. Ama-cranes ahlala ezindaweni ezinomsindo. Futhi izindawo zabo zobusika zihlukahlukene njenge-heron: I-Southern Europe, i-Afrika kanye neChina - kuzo zonke lezi zingxenye zomhlaba ungabona onogwaja abebeduka eRussia baye ebusika.
- Ingquza . Amaqhude amnyama namhlophe atholakala eRussia. Amantshontsho amhlophe enza izidleke ezinkulu, obubanzi bazo bufika kumitha eyodwa nesigamu, futhi zenza izindiza ezinde kakhulu eziya eningizimu. Kwesinye isikhathi anqoba phansi kweplanethi futhi afike eSouth Africa - izwe elitholakala eningizimu ye-Afrika.
- I-swan . ISwan inyoni ezizinikela ekuzinikeleni kwezothando nezothando. Ama-Swans angama-waterfowl, ngenxa yalokho, ebusika, akhetha izindawo eduze namanzi, imvamisa iCaspian noma uLwandle iMedithera.
- Idada . Amadada asendle ebusika, njengomthetho, awandizeli kude futhi aqhubeke ngobukhulu bezindawo zangemva kweSoviet. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izihlobo zabo emakhaya ekwindla nazo ziqala ukukhathazeka futhi kwesinye isikhathi zizame ukundiza, kwesinye isikhathi zize zindize ngocingo bese zindiza amabanga amancanyana.
- . AmaCuckoos ahlala emahlathini, nasehlathini-steppe, nasetepini. Iningi lamakhukhamba lindiza liye ebusika ezindaweni ezishisayo naseNingizimu Afrika, okuvame kakhulu ukuba kubusika amakhukhamba eSouth Asia: eNdiya naseChina.
- . Inyoni encane enezwi lokucula ne-plumage ekhanyayo, endizela ebusika ezindaweni ezishisayo.
- . Bavuka ekuseni futhi bangabokuqala bokuqala ukucula ingoma yasekuseni. Phambilini, le ngoma yesikhumba esincane sasibizwa ngokuthi i-robin. Izimpukane ezidlula ebusika zindizela eSouthern Europe, eNyakatho Afrika naseMiddle East, zibuyela ekhaya phakathi kwezokuqala.
Kungani izinyoni ezifudukayo zindiza ezindlini ezifudumele lapho zibusika, kungani zibuyela?
Ubusika ukuvivinywa okunzima kwezinyoni. Futhi yilabo abasala ezimweni ezinzima kuphela abangazitholela ukudla kwabo.
Yini engaba izindlela zokusinda ezinyoni ngenkathi ebandayo?
- Ezinye izinyoni zigcina ukudla ebusika ehlobo. Bafihla imbewu yezitshalo, amantongomane, ama-acorns, amacimbi nezibungu otshanini kanye nemifantu ekhonkolweni zezihlahla. INuthatch ibhekisa kulezi zinyoni.
- Ezinye izinyoni azesabi abantu futhi zihlala eduze kwezakhiwo zokuhlala. Ebusika, bathola ukudla ku-feeders nakumaphara kadoti.
- Ezinye izinyoni zidla ezinye futhi zidla ngamagundane. Kukhona izinyoni ezidla inyama ezingadla kuma-hares, ukuzingela izinhlanzi, izinyoni ezincane namalulwane.
Uma inyoni ingazitholela ukudla ebusika, kusho ukuthi ayidingi ukuya ekwindla iye endizeni ekhathele futhi enzima ezifundeni ezifudumele.
Kungabonakala ukuthi yonke into ilula, futhi okuwukuphela kwesizathu sokufuduka kwezinyoni ngezikhathi zokuntuleka kokudla. Kepha empeleni kunemibuzo eminingi kunezimpendulo. Isibonelo, ake sithi idada lasendle, okuyinyoni efudukayo, lalinikezwe ichibi lokufakelwa nokudla okwanele. Ngabe uzohlala ubusika? Yebo akunjalo. Uzobizwa ohambweni olude, umuzwa onamandla okunzima ukuwuchaza, obizwa ngokuthi yimvelo yemvelo.
Kuyavela ukuthi izinyoni ziya ezindlini ezifudumele, kungathi ziqhelile, ngoba okhokho bazo bakwenza amakhulu namakhulu ezinkulungwane eminyaka.
Omunye umbuzo odinga ukuphendulwa: kungani izinyoni zibuya emazweni afudumele njalo entwasahlobo? Ososayensi be-ornithologists baphetha ngokuthi ukuqala kwendiza ebuyayo kuhlotshaniswa nokuvuselelwa kwama-hormone ocansi kanye nokuqala kwesikhathi sokuzala. Kodwa kungani izinyoni kufanele zindize izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha futhi zithathe amachwane ngqo lapho zazalelwa khona? Izimbongi kanye nemvelo yothando ithi izinyoni, njengabantu, zimane zidonsele ezweni lakubo.
Izinyoni ezifudukayo zazi kanjani ukuthi zindizela kuphi? Umbuzo kuze kube namuhla, akukho mpendulo eqondakalayo. Kufakazelwe ngokokuhlola ukuthi izinyoni ziyakwazi ukuhamba endaweni engaziwa ngokuphelele futhi ngezimo zokubonakala okulinganiselwe, lapho ilanga noma izinkanyezi kungabonakali. Zinesitho esikuvumela ukuba udabule amandla kazibuthe omhlaba.
Kepha imfihlakalo isalokhu ukuthi abantu abasha abangakaze baye endizeni yokufudumala bathola kanjani indawo yobusika, futhi bayazi kanjani indlela yokundiza? Kuvela izinyoni, ezingeni lofuzo, imininingwane ibhalwe mayelana nephuzu kumephu lapho udinga ukundiza futhi, ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela idonswa kuyo.
Ingabe izinyoni ezifudukayo eningizimu zakha izidleke?
Izinyoni ezidla ubusika ezindaweni ezifudumele azizali amaqanda futhi azizibeki amaphuphu, okusho ukuthi azidingi isidleke. Kuphela izidleke ezidinga ukudlekwa, okuyizinyoni ezifudukayo eziyodonsa ezweni lazo.
Yiziphi izinyoni ezindiza kuqala nezokugcina entwasahlobo?
Owokuqala ukufika entwasahlobo izingwegwe . Lezi zinyoni zibuyela ezweni lakubo ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho amabala okuqala ancibilika eqhweni. Ngemilomo yazo eqinile, izingwegwe zimba izibungu kulezi zimbobo ezinjenge-thaw, ezakha isisekelo sokudla kwazo.
Okokugcina ukufika izinyoni ezidla izinambuzane ezindizayo. Lawa ama-swallows, amaswidi, ama-orioles. Ukudla kwalezi zinyoni kuqukethe:
Kusukela ukuvela kwenani elikhulu lezinambuzane ezindala ezindizayo ezisuka kwizibungu kudinga isimo sezulu esifudumele futhi esikhathini esingamasonto amabili, izinyoni ezidla zona zindizela ezweni lakubo ngemuva kokuvela kwezixuku eziningi.
Yiziphi izinyoni ezindiza kuqala nezokugcina ekwindla?
Ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sekwindla, izinambuzane ziqedela umjikelezo wempilo esebenzayo bese ziwela ekubandakanyeni. Ngakho-ke, izinyoni ezidla izinambuzane zingokuqala ukundizela emaphethelweni afudumele. Lapho-ke izinyoni ziyahamba, zidla izitshalo. I-Waterfowl igcina ukundiza ihambe. Kubo, ngisho nasekwindla kukhona ukudla okwanele emanzini. Zindiza zibaleke ngaphambi kokuba amanzi emachibini aqale ukubanda.
Yimuphi umhlambi wezinyoni othembisa iqhwa?
Ngokwezinkolelo ezithandwayo, uma umhlambi wezasendle goose - udinga ukulindela ukuba iqhwa lokuqala liwe. Lolu phawu kungenzeka lungahambelani nezehlakalo zesimo sezulu sangempela. Ngakho-ke enyakatho yeRussia goose kundiza ezintabeni ezifudumele maphakathi no-Septhemba, futhi iqhwa lingawa ngaphambi kwalokho. Ake sithi iqhwa lokuqala eNorilsk kulo nyaka liwe ngo-Agasti 25. Eningizimu, amahansi andiza emiphakathini efudumele ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nasekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Iqhwa lokuqala kulezi zindawo lingavela ngalesi sikhathi. Kepha konke kuya ngezimo zezulu zekwindla. Ihlobo laseNdiya lapha lingahudula konke ngo-Okthoba.
Yikuphi inyoni ephuma ekulandelaneni kwezinkukhu ezifudukayo?
Inyoni efudukayo evela ngokulandelana kwezinkukhu izigwaca . Indawo ehlala izigwaca idlulela ngale kweRussia entshonalanga naseningizimu. Empumalanga, lezi zinyoni zihlala ogwini olusentshonalanga lweLake Baikal. Zivamile eYurophu, eNtshonalanga Asia nase-Afrika.
Ebusika bandizela eningizimu. Futhi zihlala e-Hindustan, eNyakatho Afrika naseNingizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Asia.
IVIDEO: Izinyoni ezifudukayo zindiza kanjani?
Uhlobo lwenyoni oluvame kakhulu Okomndeni wakwa-nuthatch, kuyisithuthi esivamile. Itholakala emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, eJapan, China, Korea naseRussia. E-Russian Federation, izinhlobo ezihlukene zokusizakala zivamile kuzo zonke izingxenye zezwe. Yonke indawo yokuhlala kusuka ogwini loLwandlekazi lwe-Atlantic kuya ogwini lwePacific. Lolu hlobo lwezinyoni lumelela ijubane lazo. Futhi, ingahamba ibheke phezulu, noma ibheke phansi.
Ngokwemvelo, iningi le-nuthatch linelukuluku kakhulu. Uma ubona inyoni igxuma ihamba ngokukhanya, ukunyakaza okulula emikhondweni ehlukile, khona lapho kuzocaca ukuthi kungani kukhethwe igama elinjalo. Le nyoni isebenza kakhulu futhi ayinakuphumula. Ngasikhathi sinye, phakathi kwezibizo ezijwayelekile, abantu banesinye “isidlaliso”: umqeqeshi. Akukaziwa ukuthi ngubani owanikeza igama elinje, kepha yabiwe ngenxa yemisindo ekhishwa ikhishwe.
Izici eziphambili ze-nuthatch
Kuma-nuthatch, umzimba ojwayelekile ungamasentimitha ayi-10 kuye kwayi-16 ubude. Ngasikhathi sinye, kukhona okubhaliwe komsizi omkhulu. Lokhu okubhalwe phansi kuvame kakhulu eChina naseThailand futhi kungafika kumasentimitha angama-20 ubude. Futhi ngokuya ngamaphiko amakhulu ukusuka ku-21 kuye ku-28 amasentimitha. I-nuthatch ejwayelekile inesisindo esingama-25 amagremu. Ikhanda lale nyoni likhulu, umzimba uqobo umkhulu, umsila umfushane. Kukhona uqhwaku lomumo oqondile, opendwe ngwempunga emnyama. Uqhwaku luphakathi ngobude futhi lufana nesimo se-woodpecker. Isebenzisa umlomo wayo, i-nuthatch ejwayelekile ingaphamba amantongomane noma imbewu enzima. Umbala wempaphe uncike endaweni le nyoni.
I-nuthatch ehlala ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho nasentshonalanga yeYurophu, iCaucasus, kanye nasehlathini elisentshonalanga ye-Asia inentamo emhlophe. Enyakatho yeYurophu, isisu sayo sinombala onsundu ngombala, kanti umbala ongaphezulu womzimba ungwevu. Emahlathini asentshonalanga yeYurophu kanye nasentshonalanga ye-Asia, isisu siseduze nesithambeka sombala ojwayelekile obomvu. Ezindalini ezisenyakatho, lezi zinyoni zivame ukuba nesisu esimhlophe, zibomvu ngokubomvu ezinhlangothini, kanti nomsila uqobo un nsundu enamabala amhlophe. Kwinyoni etholakala empumalanga yeChina, ufudu olungezansi lupendiwe ngotshani okhanyayo onsundu.
EMpumalanga Ekude ku-nuthatch, ngokungafani nezinye izifunda, umbala omhlophe wesisu. Futhi umbala wezimpaphe esiqongweni somsila uhlukaniswa ngemibala emhlophe. Isici esibonakalayo sale nyoni ukuba khona komucu omfishane omnyama ekhanda, kudlule kuwo wonke uqhwaku nasentanyeni. Amaphayi anemichilo emide futhi edwetshwe grey-brown. Owesilisa uhluke kowesifazane ngosayizi womzimba. Abesilisa babukeka bakhulu kakhulu kunabesifazane. Ngokuya kwezinye izibonakaliso, azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa komunye nomunye.
Indawo yokuhlala
Imvamisa, bakhetha amahlathi ahlanganayo, anqumayo noma ahlanganisiwe, amapaki, izingadi zokufakelwa zokuziphilisa. Kuhleliwe ezihlahleni ezindala ezinde. Ukusuka ezindaweni ezingabekeka akusekho ukundiza. I-Common Nuthatch akuyona inyoni efudukayo. Ukukhishwa kutholakala kuphela kwezinye izinkampani ezihlala ezindaweni ezisezifundeni ezisenyakatho. Zenzelwe inkathi ebandayo, ungahlali ubusika, kepha zindizela emaphethelweni aseningizimu yendawo yazo. Kepha iningi labahlengikazi abajwayelekile baphila futhi bahlala ebusika endaweni eyodwa kuphela. Ngalesi sizathu, abasabhekwa njengabafudukayo.
Ezinye izinyoni azivunyelwe ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo, kepha zona ngokwazo azihambi ezindalini zabanye abantu. Uma kufika isikhathi esibandayo, kwesinye isikhathi bashaywa emihlambini yezinye izinyoni. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-nuthatch ejwayelekile ayiqoqwe emhlambini.
I-Common Nuthatch endle ingahamba ngokushesha iqonde ngqo kunoma iyiphi indlela eqonde eduze neziqu zemithi. Banethuba elinjalo ngenxa yokuba khona kwezihlakala ezinde futhi eziyishumi. Imvamisa lezi zinhlobo zezinyoni zihlala eduze kwezindawo zokuhlala abantu. Iningi lalezi zinyoni lingahunyushwa kalula. Yenzelwe izindlu ezikhethekile, lapho zihlala khona futhi zizale.
Izibongo ezijwayelekile zihlabelela ngamaza ahlukene. Naphezu kosayizi wabo omncane, bangenza imisindo ephakeme, bemboza imisindo ehlukahlukene. Ukuqanjwa kwemisindo yokucula kwabo kuqukethe i-whistle, i-trub bubling kanye nemiculo eyahlukahlukene. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ukucula kuvame ukufana nekholi ngemisindo, kepha yinde. Uma inyoni ifuna ukudla, bese ikhipha impempe emifushane. Kule misindo itholwe igama lesibili phakathi kwabantu "umqeqeshi".
Nenjabulo , ikhiqiza kabusha imisindo ephakeme efana ne- "tёch" noma "tёg". Le misindo iyiphindaphindwa kaningi futhi inama ikhefu elincane. I-nuthatch ejwayelekile futhi ingakhipha ama-troll ahlukene kumamayela ahlukene, into efana ne- "tiyu-tiyu-tiyu". Iningi lawo wonke ama-nuthatch enziwa ngumsindo ojwayelekile, ukukhipha imisindo, ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Lesi sikhathi siqala cishe ngasekupheleni kobusika futhi siphela entwasahlobo.
Ukudla kwe-nuthatch
Imenyu enkulu Umsoco uqukethe lokhu kudla okulandelayo:
Njengokudla kokudla izinambuzane, umdlwenguli ukhetha izimvemvane, izimbungulu, izimpukane, izimbungulu, izintuthwane, izibungu, imichilo. Esebenzisa umlomo wakhe okhombe ekugcineni, ubakhipha emisebeni ehlukahlukene noma kwizimbobo ezincane ezisegangeni lesihlahla. Kwezinye izihlahla, ama-nuthatchs ajwayelekile angakhipha ngisho negxolo elincane lapho efuna ukudla. Ehlobo nasekwindla, ubandakanyeka ekukhishwe imbewu, ama-acorns, izithelo, amantongomane. Isikhathi sonke esifudumele sonyaka siphinda sigcwalise izinqolobane futhi sizifihle emifantweni yegxolo lesihlahla, lisimboze ngehele. Uma kungekho-lichen eduze, bese usebenzisa izingcezu zamagxolo. Ebusika, uyakujabulela ukusebenzisa izondli abantu abazilungiselele zona.
Izikhathi zokuphila komsizi ojwayelekile
Impilo yale nyoni zingahlukaniswa izigaba eziningana:
- Owesifazane akakaze aqhwaga, isiziba sesifazane cishe izinsuku eziyi-13,
- kufika kumaviki 4-5 angahlala esidlekeni,
- cishe unyaka owodwa ubudala, ukuthomba kuyaqala,
- Impilo yomhlengikazi ojwayelekile ifinyelela eminyakeni eyi-11.
Izidleke zezinyoni zaseNuthatch ezinyangeni zasentwasahlobo cishe kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJuni. Kungabalwa ngohlobo olwe-monogamous, ngoba bathola umbhangqwana kanye futhi bahlala ndawonye impilo yabo yonke, banakekelana. Imbobo eyenziwe ngomumo ikhethwa njengesidleke, imvamisa esidlekeni esishiywe ngokhuni noma endaweni yemvelo esiqwini sesihlahla. Isidleke esikhethelwe ukuhlala sisendaweni ephakeme okungenani 3 futhi hhayi ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-8. Ukungena esidlekeni kunomgodi onobubanzi obungamasentimitha amane.
Uma kunesidingo, i-nuthatch ejwayelekile inciphisa ukuvula umnyango yokungena esidlekeni, usebenzisa udaka kulokhu. Phansi kubekwe amaqabunga nezicucwana ezincane zamagxolo kaphayini noma e-birch. Uma kungekho zihlahla ezinjalo eduzane, khona-ke angasebenzisa izingcezu zamagxolo esihlahla sezithelo.
Ngokubekwa kweqanda elilodwa, ngokwesilinganiso, kubekwa cishe okungu-7. Amaqanda aqandisiwe futhi apendwe mhlophe. Futhi emaqanda kunamabala amancane abomvu ansundu. Kusala insikazi kuphela esidlekeni. Angashiya amantshontsho akhe esikhathi esizayo kuphela uma impilo yakhe uqobo isengozini. Endabeni yesidingo esinamandla sokuphuma esidlekeni, ukubeka kweqanda kumbozwe udoti. Inqubo yokudonswa kwamaqanda ihlala izinsuku eziyi-13-16. Amachwane amancanyana asevele embozwe nge-fluff ende kusukela azalwa.
Owesilisa nowesifazane babandakanyeka ekukhisheni ukudla futhi bondle amaphuphu ndawonye. Ngemuva kokuzala amawundlu, azondla kuze kufike kumaviki awu 4-5. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20 kuzelwe, amaphuphu asevele azi ukuthi angandiza kanjani. Cishe wonke amachwane asekhulile asenesikhathi sokukhetha ukuphela kwehlobo indawo yokuhlala . Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhethwa kokugcina kwensimu yesidleke nomlingani wayo unomphela kuwela ngenkathi elandelayo yokuzalanisa.
UNuthatch - inyoni engajwayelekile. Igama lakhe selivele lisho okuningi. Kuyakhombisa ukuthi inyoni iyakwazi ukukhasa. Kodwa-ke, isiphetho esinjalo singanikezwa ngumuntu ongaboni. Inyoni ayishwabani. Uyagijima, kepha ushesha kakhulu.
Isiphuzo esimangalisayo
UNuthatch - inyoni eyingqayizivele. Nguyena kuphela ophethe izinkuni ezinemichilo okwazi ukuqhubekisela phansi phansi esiqwini esime mpo.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani inyoni eyi-nuthatch? Le nyoni encane enomsila omfishane. Umzimba waso omlotha ongxenyeni engenhla une-tint eblue. I-plumage yesisu imhlophe.
UNuthatch - inyoni encane. Isisindo sayo sisukela kumagremu ayishumi nanhlanu kuya kwamashumi amabili nesithupha. Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha ayi-13 kuya kwele-16, kanti amaphiko ngamasentimitha angama-7.3-9.2.
I-Nuthatch bird (bheka isithombe ngezansi) inomlomo omude futhi oqondile. ukudlula ngamehlo kumnika ukubukeka okumangazayo nobuqili.
Le nyoni ayinakho umehluko wesikhathi sombala womzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-plumage ethambile futhi emnyama yabantu abasha ayishintshi esikhathini esizayo sempilo. Kubantu abadala kuphela abakhasa, ingabe phansi komzimba kube ne-tint brownish, bese umucu udlula ngamehlo kanye nohlohlo oluphezulu lube nsundu. Ngemuva kokuncibilika ekwindla, umehluko uyanyamalala. Futhi akekho ongasho ukuthi phambi kwakhe inyoni encane noma eyindala ayisona isidumbu.
Ukuchazwa kwexoxo elimangalisayo lobuthi alidluli emlenzeni wakhe. Ngiyabonga kubo, inyoni ihamba eduze kweziqu ezibheke phezulu njengebhola le-mercury. Yebo, ikhono le-nuthatch ekukhuphukeni kwesihlahla lenzeka ngezinyawo. Mfishane, kepha ineminwe emide ngokungajwayelekile enezigaqa ezibukhali kakhulu nezigobile. Lokhu kuvumela inyoni ukuthi ibambe indawo enkulu yesiqu sesihlahla. Phakathi kwamathiphu wezipikili asemuva nangemaphakathi maphakathi ne-Woodpecker enezinwele, ibanga elikhulu. Inani layo lilingana cishe nalo lonke ubude bomzimba onezinwele. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-nuthatch ingahlala ngokuthula esihlahleni sesihlahla ibheke phansi.
I-fidget enezimpawu
UNuthatch - hhayi inyoni enamahloni. Angavumela umuntu kuye ukuba ahambe amabanga ambalwa. Kodwa-ke, ayeki ukwenza umsindo we-tweet-tweet noma i-tweet-tweet, ngenkathi uhlola iziqu namagatsha ezihlahla. Inyoni enelukuluku ingakwazi ngisho nokusondela kumuntu uqobo. Ngasikhathi sinye, wenza sengathi ukhubeke kuye ngengozi.Umdlwenguli uzwakalisa "ihlrithi" yakhona ngokukhala okukhala ngokuthi "hlala-hlala", okufana nokukhala komqeqeshi: "Nakekela futhi shit!" Ngasikhathi sinjalo, ngobuhlakani bangempela, ukhuni lwezinkuni luyabonakala ngemuva kwesiqu sesihlahla.
UNuthatch uhlala ejabule futhi engaguquki. Ukhulile, uphilile futhi uyasebenza. Kule nyoni, izinhlamvu ze-Woodpecker ne-titmouse kufana nokuthi zihlangene. Shono igama lesiJalimane lale nyoni kuthiwa “Spechtmeise”. Kuhunyushwe, kusho i-Woodpecker.
Habitat
Ungahlangana nuthatch kulo lonke ihlathi zone kusuka eNtshonalanga Yurophu kuze kufike Far East. Uyaphunyula, kodwa ngasentshonalanga ebheke lapho kuhlala khona ithafa elimangalisayo elinobuthi ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-nuthatch luvame kakhulu eNtshonalanga yeSiberia. Kunokuhluka okuthile okuvela kokubhaliselwe eScandinavia okutholakala endaweni yaseYurophu. E-nuthatch yaseSiberia, izimpaphe ezinombala we-chestnut azikho ezinhlangothini.
Ilungiselela inyoni ukuhlala ehlathini lezikhukhula naseziqhingini. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyahlangana esifundeni eseningizimu nesigaba. E-Altai Republic kanye ne-Altai Territory, i-nuthatch ihlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe futhi anendawo okukude kuyo i-Ob ne-Biya, futhi inezindawo zokugembula amathayela nezindawo ezibucayi e-Bie-Chumysh Upland. Ungahlangana nexoxo elinobuthi obumangazayo ezintabeni. UNuthatch uhlala emahlathini, atholwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-2000-2200 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Umsoco
Ngezikhathi zentwasahlobo nehlobo, ukudla komnambithi kuyizinambuzane. Ngenjabulo udla ixoxo elinoshevu lwezintuthwane nezediphu, izimbungulu kanye nezimvemvane, izimbungulu namabhungane amaqabunga, ama-weevil, namanye amabhungane. Akazideleli izicabucabu. Njengomthetho, i-nuthatch iqoqa ukudla kwayo emagatsheni amakhulu, nakuwo imifantu nezihlahla zeziqu zezihlahla. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi inyoni kufanele ifake isando ku-bark ukuze kukhishwe izinambuzane nezibungu ngaphansi kwaso. Ukudonsa inyama ye-acorn noma i-hazelnut, i-nuthatch ingayifaka ku-corvice yegxolo noma iyicindezele esiqwini nge-paw. Emva kwalokho, ushaya inyamazane yakhe ngokushaya komobe oqinile. Entwasahlobo nasekuweni, i-nuthatch ingatholakala emhlabeni. Uhamba ayobheka izinambuzane emaqabunga awile. Ekwindla, isele elinobuthi lidla amajikijolo, ngokwesibonelo, inyoni i-cherry.
UNuthatch - inyoni efudukayo noma cha? Uma kungenjalo, pho-ke udlani ngenkathi ebandayo? INuthatch - inyoni ebusika ebusika ezindaweni zomdabu. Ukuze isinde esikhathini sendlala, le nyoni engazethembayo igcina ukudla ikusasa. Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekwindla, i-nuthatch ithambisa amantongomane zikaphayini, ama-acorns, kanye nezithelo ze-linden, hazel ne-beech zibe yimifantu nemifino etholakala ezihlahleni zezihlahla. Emaphepheni enyoni egciniwe ungathola imbewu ehlukahlukene kanye ne-maple lionfish. Lo msebenzi uphela ngoDisemba kuphela.
Ubusika
UNuthatch - inyoni efudukayo noma cha? Izazi zesayensi yezempilo yezengqondo ziphendule lo mbuzo isikhathi eside. Amaxoxo omuthi omangalisayo ebusika ehlathini lawo lendabuko. Azindizela eningizimu. Inyoni ihlala phansi. Kodwa-ke, ekwindla nasebusika, kuhlanganwa nawo emahlathini ahlukahlukene, nakhona Kuyo, kuthuthukisa insimu yamapheshana avikela insimu, izingadi kanye namathanga omfula.
Kulapho-ke ukuthi umlisa ahlala kulezi zikhathi zonyaka. noma cha isigaxa sobuthi esiyingqayizivele? Cha, ochwepheshe bezokwelapha bathi lokhu kuqembu labaqokiwe ngokwengxenye. Lapho nje kufika intwasahlobo, izinyoni ziphinde zithuthele emahlathini axubile futhi aqukethe amandla.
AmaJacks
INuthatch imvamisa ihlala emigodini yezihlahla. Ukungena ekhaya lakho kuyinyoni yasepulazini esakazeka ngomquba, udaka noma ubumba. Le nto yokwakha i-nuthatch iyigqoka uqhwaku lwayo bese iyinamathisela ezungeze umgodi kuze kufike lapho ububanzi bomgodi wokuphepha buncishiswe bube ngamamilimitha angamashumi amathathu nanhlanu.
Amachwane amaNuthatch ashiya isidleke sawo ekuqaleni kwawo ekuseni. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
I-Clutch of a nuthatch isukela emaqanda amane kuya kwayishumi nambili, ihlotshiswe ngamabala ansundu ngokubomvu. Ukufakwa kwabo okufakwayo kwenziwa kuphela ngowesifazane. Owesilisa uvame ukumlethela ukudla. Abazali abavele amachwane bondla izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili nambili kuya kwamashumi amabili nanhlanu. Lokhu kungumsebenzi onzima. Emini, kuyadingeka ukuletha ukudla kumachwane kuze kube izikhathi ezingamakhulu amathathu namashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Ngasikhathi sinye, nabazali banakekela inhlanzeko yasesidlekeni. Okungenani izikhathi ezingamashumi ayisihlanu kuya kwamashumi ayisithupha phakathi nosuku zikhipha amakhompiyutha ambozwe nge-mucus elastic ngaphesheya kwemikhawulo yayo, esikhundleni sawo kubekwa izimbiza ezincane ebusuku.
UNuthatch ekudingisweni
Uma ubamba futhi ubamba i-frog emangalisayo ku-cage, khona-ke isheshe isijwayele ezimeni ezintsha. I-Nuthatch ingafakwa ekhejini linye ngo-siskins, i-linnet noma i-tapas. Lapho, uzoba enye yezinyoni zegumbi elimnandi kakhulu. Ungambheka amahora amaningi. I-nuthatch ngeke iyeke ukumangaza ngokukhuphuka kwayo okunekhono kakhulu ekhoneni lesihlahla elisendaweni yezinyoni, kanye ne-somersault ekuhambeni.
Le nyoni izodinga ukunikezwa ingxube ye-hemp noma enye imbewu enamaqanda antuthwane. Amantongomane zikaphayini amahle njengezinyoni.
Autumn kababa (ngaphambili - kwaPenen)
Yonke insimu yeBelarus
Umndeni Nuthatch - Sittidae.
Enyakatho nasempumalanga yeBelarus, a subspecies ejwayelekile S. e. europaea. Abasentshonalanga, eningizimu-ntshonalanga kanye naseningizimu bahlala khona abantu ngokuguqukayo phakathi kwe-S. e. europaea kanye ne-Western European subspecies S. e. i-caesia futhi yathunyelwa ezinkulwini ezizimele S. e. ekhaya.
Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zokudla isidleke, ezihlala kanye nezisakazekayo.
Inyoni enobukhulu bondlunkulu, obukeka ngokubonakala. Uqhwaku luqondile futhi kunalokho lude, likhombe, imilenze imfushane, ngeminwe emide eyishumi, umsila awuqinile, umfishane futhi uyindilinga. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lomzimba lubluechchaticatic bluish noma i-ash grey, amaphiko nomsila omnyama, onsundu. Kusukela uqhwaku ngasesweni kuphuma umucu omnyama omncane. Umphimbo umhlophe, kepha umbala weplamu lohlangothi olungezansi lomzimba uyaguquguquka (ikakhulukazi emuva kwesisu) - kusuka kucishe kwaba mhlophe kuye kwaba mhlophe ngopende noma obomvu obomvu. Izinhlangothi ezingemuva zibonisa ubukhulu bezinga lokuhlukahluka. UFedyushin noDolbik (1967) baveze ukuthi u-S. e. i-europaea (iScandinavia nuthatch) enamaphepha alula, kanye noS. e. i-homeyeri (i-Polish Nuthatch) ngombala ogqamile. UGrichik noBurko (2013) bakhombisa ukuthi kukhona amabala ansundu (besilisa) noma amabala ansundu (kowesifazane) endaweni yokungena. UBill ngimpunga emnyama, imilenze ingwevu onsundu. Isisindo sowesilisa singama-22-25 g, izinsikazi zingama-21- 24,5 g. Ubude bomzimba (bobabili ubulili) buyi-13-16 cm, amaphiko wona ngamasentimitha angama-25- 28,5. Ubude bamaphiko abesilisa yi-8-9 cm, umsila ngu-4-5 cm, Amasentimitha angama-1.7-2.2 cm, i-sentimita 1.6-1.9 cm. Ubude bephiko labesifazane buyi-8-9 cm, umsila ngu-4.5-5,5 cm, iTarsus 1.7-2.2 cm, umlomo u-1, 5-1.9 cm.
INuthatch ayivamile ehlathini; yenzeka nganoma isiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ngesikhathi sokufuduka ekwindla-nobusika, kuvame ukutholakala ezingadini nasezindlini zasehlobo. Uhlala yedwa noma ngababili. Isici esibonakalayo sale nyoni sivame ukuhlaba umxhwele - amandla, ukuhlola amagxolo ezihlahla, ukuhambisa eduze kwesiqu hhayi phezulu (njengepika), kodwa futhi nokubheka phansi.
Ihlala emahlathini amadala avela phezulu futhi axubile, ahlangana nokuhlangana kwezinto eziphilayo, lapho kukhona khona izihlahla eziyize. Eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeBelarus kuhlala ama-deciduous amadala (ama-33.3%) namahlathi ahlanganisiwe (27.2%), amahlathi ephayini ahlanganiswe nokhuni oluqinile (17.3%), lapho kukhona izihlahla eziyize. Igwema ukutshala okuncane namathanga e-coniffort. Yize ihlangana notshani lwamahlathi asemfuleni imifula, ayihlali ezindaweni ezinamanzi amaningi. Imvamisa izidleke endaweni eseduze yokuhlala kwabantu - emadolobheni nasemadolobhaneni, ezindlini zasehlobo, ezingadini ezindala nasemapaki, njll.
Ngesikhathi sokuzulazula, kwenza umsindo othulayo “vit-vit-vit” noma “sit-sit”, ngesikhathi sokukhwelana - ikhwela elikhulu. Ukushaywa kwengoma okuyi-nuthatch, i-melodic futhi eqinile, kungazwakala ekuseni kakhulu ehlathini, noma ngesikhathi sokuzulazula kwayo nge-titmouse.
Kuqala ukuzalela ngoFebhuwari. Ngesikhathi sokuphola, i-nuthatch ihlala phezulu kwesihlahla bese icula. Izinyoni zihlabelela kakhulu ngentshiseko eminyakeni yesithathu kaFebhuwari - iminyaka eyishumi kaMashi. Ngo-Ephreli, ubungako bokucula buncipha; ekupheleni kwale nyanga, izingoma zokugcina ziyezwakala.
Ukuzalaniswa kweNuthatch kuqala ekupheleni kukaMashi - ishumi leminyaka lokuqala lika-Ephreli. Izinhlobo ngokuzala ngokwehlukana. Izilokotho zakhiwa emigodini yezihlahla (ngokwemvelo noma egojwe yi-woodpecker) ekuphakameni, njengomthetho, hhayi ophansi kunokuphakama komuntu, ikakhulukazi okuphakeme - 4-8 m, ezimweni ezingavamile - akukho ngaphezu kwama-70-80 cm, futhi nasezidalweni zokufakelwa ku izindlu zezinyoni nezimbobo. Kulokhu, indawo engenayo yomgodi imbozwe ngodaka, isilika noma umquba oxutshwe namathe, ishiya kuphela incanyana emincane enobubanzi obungu-3.5 cm. Kwezinye izimo, ama-putty akahlanganisi kuphela imiphetho yethongo, kodwa futhi nezingxenye eziseduze kwegxolo futhi nengxenye yalo engenhla . Ngezikhathi ezithile izimbobo ezinomnyango omncane zihlanganiswa.
Kokubili owesilisa nowesifazane bagqoka izinto zokwakha isidleke. Izinto zokwakha isidleke zingamabala aphezulu angaphezulu kwegxolo, iningi likaphayini, izingcezu zamaqabunga ezokhuni awomile, imicu yezitshalo nezihlahla ezincane. Ugqoko awutshengiswa, kepha udoti mkhulu kakhulu kangangokuba ukubumbeka cishe kucwile ngokuphelele kuwo.
Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke sale nyoni kuqedwa emashumini eminyaka okuqala nawesibili ku-Ephreli.
Ku-clutch ephelele i-6-8, ngezikhathi ezithile ku-9-11, ezimweni ezihlukile amaqanda ayi-12. Igobolondo liyi-opaque, limhlophe ngombala obomvu onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi onsundu omnyama, ompunga ngokweqile futhi ojulile ngokujulile, kanye namabala amnyama onsomi. Isisindo seqanda esingu-2,2 g, ubude obungu-18-22 mm, ububanzi obungu-13-16 mm.
Ukufakwa kweqanda kuvame ukuqala engxenyeni yesibili ka-Ephreli futhi kuphele ishumi lokuqala likaMeyi. Imibhangqwana eminingi inezingane eyodwa kuphela ngonyaka. Owesifazane kuphela ocwilisa ubusika kwezinsuku eziyi-14-17 (imvamisa 14-15). Ushiya isidleke uma kunesidingo, uvala umenzi wombhede ngombhede.
Bobabili abazali baphatha ukudla kwamachwane, okuletha ukudla izikhathi ezingama-240 kuya kwezingu-480 ngosuku. Imikhaza ifakwa izicabucabu, izinambuzane, izibungu zazo nepupae. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamachwane kuhamba kancane, futhi ashiya isidleke esingenalutho kuphela ngosuku lwe-23-25 lokuphila. Ngalesi sikhathi, kunezinkomo eziqukethe abantu abangu-2-6, abazali abazondla emagatsheni esihlahla izinsuku ezingama-5-8.
Imigwaqo yomjikelezo wesibili wokuzalela eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeBelarus yatholakala eminyakeni eyishumi yesithathu kaJuni - Julayi, amadlozi - eshumini lesithathu sikaJulayi nango-Agasti.
Ukuhlanza abantu abadala kuqala maphakathi noJuni.
Ukukhula okusha kusendaweni yokudlela cishe konke kukaJuni. Ngemuva kokuhamba kwezidleke, imihlambi yemindeni equkethe ama-3-6 amancane nabazali abazulazula khona lapho bezofuna ukudla batholakala kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti. NgoSepthemba, imihlambi yemindeni ihlukana futhi ama-nuthatchtails ajoyine ama-tits, ngawo athuthela ekwindla nasebusika.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kuqukethe ama-invertebrates, atholakala phezulu kanye nasemifantweni yamagxolo esihlahla lapho kuseshwa khona iziqu. Amagxolo nezinkuni zezihlahla ezibolile zingakhanywa ngaphandle yizinambuzane nezibungu zazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imbewu eqoqwe kusuka kwizigaxa iyaqoqwa. Ekwindla nasebusika, kudliwa izithelo ze-bird cherry, imbewu ye-spruce nephayini, ama-acorns, amantongomane nokudla kwezilwane (izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene nezicabucabu). Behambela izindawo zokondla ubusika bezinyoni, ziluma amanoni, imbewu kanilanga kanye nembewu yokhula.
I-fidget enkulu
Yize inhlama ebunjiwe engafakwanga ngombala okhanyayo okhazimulayo, ukugcwala kombala wayo okuvinjelwe kunemithunzi emihle: grey ngomzimba omncane ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isisu esimhlophe, umsila ococekile oqondile. Futhi imicu emnyama ekhanda, idlula ngamehlo, inika iso lenyoni ubuhlakani obuthile.
Lesi sidalwa esincane sinezwi elikhulu kakhulu. I-“whw-tew” emfushane, kwesinye isikhathi iphenduka ibe yi- “tzi-i-it”, ihambisana nosesho lokudla. Entwasahlobo yokuqala kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangoFebhuwari, i-nuthatch iqala ukuvuselela imiphetho yehlathi. Futhi kuze kube ukuwa, ama-trill okwandisa, okwenziwa ngamafrikhwensi ahlukene, acishe angayeki.
I-creeper iyinyoni evame kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Ijwayelekile ngokulinganayo eSiberia ebandayo naseNyakatho Afrika esishisayo. Isidalwa esinoboya sihlala kalula eduze komuntu, emapaki noma ezingadini, futhi sisinde ngokuthula ku-taiga yasendle. Phezulu ayithandi ushintsho lwendawo yokuhlala. Uma kungamkhathazi, akaze ashiye insimu yakhe. Futhi lapho izimo zimphoqa ukuba azulazule, ukhetha ukukwenza emabangeni aseduze, imvamisa edla umhlambi wezinyoni.
Hhayi ukuhaha, kepha ngekhaya
INuthatch ayindiza iye ebusika iye kwamanye amazwe. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi eside ngaphambi kwesithwathwa sokuqala, kufanele anakekele izinqolobane zakhe. AmaNuthatch ahlala ngokuhlala ngababili ahlala ndawonye iminyaka eminingana. Bakhonkotha amakhwela amade lapho kukhulunywa ngabo, batshelana izindaba zehlathi.
Njengoba sesikhethe ukubuyelana ngoMashi, umbhangqwana womndeni ugijimela kulo lonke leli hlathi kuze kube sekwindla, uqoqa okusanhlamvu, amajikijolo namantongomane. Futhi izifihle ngokushesha embobeni, okuyothi emva kwalokho kube isidleke sayo. Uma igumbi ngokwanele, khona-ke ukungathathi kahle kungadonsa kuze kufike ku-1.5 kg yokudla kuyo. Kuliqiniso, ezinye izinyoni namagundane anjengama-squirrels kuvame ukungena kulawa masheya. Ngakho-ke, ukunakekelwa kokubeletha kungenza iqanda lesidleke eziningana ngasikhathi sinye, ukuze ungahlali ulambile.
Ehlobo, i-creeper ibamba ngentokozo izimvemvane, izimbungulu nezicabucabu, iqoqa “izindiza ezinophephela emhlane” uma kunesidingo, ingathulula isigqoko selanga. Kwesinye isikhathi kwehlela emhlabathini ukufuna inyamazane ngamahlamvu awile. Ikakhulu kaningi lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kwezulu ezinkulu. Ukuhamba phakathi kotshani obumanzi, izinyoni ezincane zigeza ngamaconsi amanzi bese zihlanza imilomo yazo ngobumba.
Kwesinye isikhathi inyoni kufanele inqume amagxolo ukuze kukhishwe izinambuzane nezibungu ngaphansi kwayo. Akazideleli futhi "unikeza", ngokundizela phezulu kuya kubondli bengadi. Kepha umpheki ngeke alwele ukudla, akhethe ukuhoxa ngokuncintisana ukuze aqunge i-titmouse futhi ondlunkulu abangahluphi.
Igama lokugcina elelesifazane
UNuthatch ukhethe ngokucophelela indawo yokuhlala yomndeni. Uqhwaku lwazo lufushane ukuze luzenzele olwazo, ngakho-ke imvamisa kakhulu luthatha olishiyiwe. Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho sebevele beqale ukuyihlanza ngodoti, bavele bayofuna enye efanelekile. Igama lokugcina odabeni lwezindlu livame ukuhlala nowesifazane.
Ngemuva kokuthatha isinqumo efulethini, i-nuthatch iyaqala ukuyigcwala. Isikhathi eside futhi ngokucophelela ukuvumelanisa ingaphakathi elingaphakathi lesibaya ngomlomo ngosizo lwamagxolo nobumba, kwesinye isikhathi kuxutshwe nomquba. Futhi-ke, usebenzisa ingxube efanayo, ukungena kunciphiselwe ku-3-4 cm ukuze kungabikho muntu ngaphandle kwabo ongangena ngaphakathi.
Ingaphezulu lowesifazane lingumama nomphathi onomthwalo wemfanelo omkhulu. Ingozi ebulalayo kuphela engamphoqa ukuthi ashiye isidleke sakhe. Ibamba amantshontsho, ihlanza kanyekanye umgodi egobolondweni elidala, ilidle.
Ngaleso sikhathi, owesilisa usebenza njengomondli wokudla onakekelayo. Njengoba eqonde endlini, uthulula ikhwela bese kuthi lapho lo mlingani ekhipha ikhanda lakhe ngaphandle emgodini, ayinike ukudla. Uyakwazi ukundiza abuyele ezikhathini ezingama-350 ngosuku! Futhi uma kwenzeka ingozi izolwa nesitha kuze kube sekupheleni. Abazingeli bathi: uma ubamba phezulu kokuphotha ngexhoba, akukho mfutho ophoqa inyoni ukuba ihlukane nokudla. Ukuyibambe ngokuqinile, i-nuthatch izodwengula inkululeko ngaphandle kokuvula umlomo wayo. Ngakho-ke, endaweni yamanje esehlathini, i-nuthatch iyisijeziso esimsulwa. Uzoqoqa konke ukuheha bese endiza kaningi aze athathe inzalo yokugcina.
“Amachwane amaNuthatch ashiya ikhaya labazali bawo ekuseni kakhulu. Imvamisa lokhu kwenzeka ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu: kungaba ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Bese beqala ukuzitholela ukudla kwabo, ”kusho udokotela wamazinyo.
I-acrobat ehamba phambili
Umugodi unelukuluku kakhulu lokufuna ukwazi. Ngakho-ke, ingandiza kalula iwindini elivulekile futhi ayesabi ukuhlala entendeni yesandla sakho ngompu, uma ungama isikhashana. Ucishe acishe noma yisiphi isithiyo sokugembula, futhi obambe ongezansi ethuke futhi alume izandla zakhe.
Ngenxa yobungako obunobungani obuphezulu, kulula ukubuthinta. Kuliqiniso, uma uligcina lisekhaya, uzodinga i-aviary enkulu enezimo ezisondele kakhulu ehlathini: ngamagatsha kanye nama-feeders. Usondelana kahle no-siscks kanye namanenjana. I-nuthatch ngeke iyeke ukumangaza ngezinombolo zayo ezinamandla: ukukhuphuka okunekhono kakhulu kanye ne-somersaults ku-perch. Ngoba ibonakala kaningi e-zoo.
Kulula futhi ukumfundisa amaqhinga ahlukahlukene: ukwenza isibonelo, ukuphonsa imali ebhange. Ukuze antshontshe futhi afihle izinto ezinhle kakhulu unjenge-magpie.
Kungcono ukondla le nyoni ngenhlanganisela yamaqanda ezinhlamvana ne-hemp, kanti namantongomane zikaphayini angasetjenziswa ukwelapha. Uma umphatha kahle, umgibeli angahlala ekudingisweni iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi aze anikeze inzalo. Kepha uma kuqala ukushaya ngezinduku, kungcono ukuyikhipha, ngaphandle kwalokho izobuna.
Isiphawulo somuntu siqu
Buka: nuthatch ezejwayelekile.
Igama lesi Latin: Sitta Europaea.
Ubude bomzimba: 12-16 cm. Izimpiko esikhaleni zifinyelela ku-25- 28 cm.
Ikheli lokuhlala: Izinhlobo ziningi eRussia. Esifundeni saseBelgorod nuthatch bukhoma unyaka nonyaka. Yakha izihlahla ezinamaqabunga, ezihlanganayo, ezihlangene, kanye nezingadi namapaki ezindawo zokuhlala.
Umlingiswa: inyoni enelukuluku futhi enobungane.
Isikhathi Sonke: endle - cishe iminyaka eyi-10.
Isimo Sokuqapha: akukho okusongela ingqondo.
Inyoni encane ingumuntu ohlala emasimini esihlahla, emadwaleni noma emaweni. Imilenze emifushane eqinile enezinqe ezibukhali ezilukhuni. Umlomo uqondile, ukhombe, uqinile, kunalokho ubude, unuthatch kalula uchoboze imbewu kanzima, amantongomane noma ama-acorn. Umsila uqondile, umfishane. Umzimba uqinile. I-plumage is fluffy, thick. Ingaphezulu yi-monophonic, iblue-grey, izimpiko kanye nomsila zibunjiwe-nsundu, kusuka emsundwini kuya esweni kuya endlebeni kukhona umucu omnyama, emsileni kukhona amabala amhlophe, umphimbo, isifuba nesisu kumhlophe okumhlophe, izinhlangothi zinsundu ngemisuka emhlophe.
Ingoma yasentwasahlobo - ikhwela elinomsindo omkhulu onjenge "tfuiy-tfuiyu" ende. Iscream - kuvezwa "pochtochtochoch" noma "ttsit-ttsit". Iselula kakhulu futhi iphakeme.
Emagameni amaningi endawo, isibongo sendawo, amagama wokuphotha, umqeqeshi, u-Underb whitebird, isnoz, i-dyuyka, ukukhasa, i-cyanosis, i-Woodpecker eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-Woodpecker, i-mole rat, i-goby, ungangeza elinye, elimnandi kakhulu - isiJalimane: i-Woodpecker. Eqinisweni, uyamangalisa futhi uyashesha, njengama-tits, futhi umbala wakhe umbala ucishe ube luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha ngokwesakhiwo esivamile, ngokusho komlomo omude, inyoni ibukeka njenge-Woodpecker encane.
Habitat
Inyoni ebanzi yamahlathi aqhakaze phezulu, ikakhulukazi amathafa amadala nezintaba. Ihlala emahlathini - zombili ezinqumayo, ezixubile futhi ezinethezekile, ngenkathi ithanda izindawo ezinenqwaba yezihlahla ezinde nezindala, lapho zithola khona ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlala ngokuzithandela ezindaweni ezitshaliwe - izingadi namapaki anezimila ezinamahlahla.
Ama-biotopes angahluka ngokuya ngendawo yendawo yokuhlala - ngokwesibonelo, eNtshonalanga Yurophu nasezindaweni eziseningizimu, amahlathi anwebile anenqwaba ye-oak, i-Hornbeam ne-beech ayathandwa. Enyakatho yebanga ifinyelela ehlathini-tundra, naseningizimu - izindawo zama-steppes, lapho idle khona emahlathini ase-tugai nasebhande lamahlathi. ESiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude, lapho amahlathi e-conifiliya egcwele khona, ihlala kakhulu esifundeni esinamagagasi omsedari noma i-larch. Kuqaphelekile ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwamahlathi, okuvame ukuholela ekwehlekeni kobuningi bezinhlobo eziningi, akukuthinti ukwenziwa kabusha kwe-nuthatch evamile. Enyakatho yebanga futhi ngokwengxenye kwi-taiga ephakathi, ubusika lapho bufudukela eningizimu. Ebusika, bangajoyina imihlambi yezinye izinyoni, kodwa bangazakhi imihlambi ngokwabo.
Izindlela zokunyakaza
Lapho befuna okuphakelayo, bahamba ngokukhululeka ngemithi yezihlahla nangamatshe amile mpo phezulu naphansi, besebenzisa izimbotshana ezincane ezisegangeni noma ematsheni, kuyilapho ngokungafani nezinyoni ezisebenzisa indlela efanayo yokunyakaza, azinciki emsileni. Ukuhamba kwenzeka endaweni evulekile noma ye-zigzag. Imvamisa ihamba ibheke phansi.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
Ukuqala kwesikhathi sokuzalela kuya nge-latitude - ngokwesibonelo, endaweni ephakathi neRussia, i-nuthatch iqala ukudleke ngo-Ephreli, nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho kuphela ngoMeyi.
Ukuzalela kwandulelwa yimidlalo yokuzalelisa: owesilisa ophambi kwesithandwa sakhe noma uthokozile, uthwebula umsila wakhe, bese esukuma edonswa yikholomu, eshukumisa umlomo wakhe ngomlomo wakhe uphakanyisiwe usuka ngapha nangapha. Ephendula kulokhu, insikazi yelula ifindo bese ibhula kancane izimpaphe ngemuva.
Isidleke ngaso sonke isikhathi sibekwa emgodini wesihlahla, imvamisa ebangeni ukusuka ngaphezulu komhlaba ngaphezu kokukhula komuntu, hhayi ngaphansi kuka-2 m ngaphezu komhlaba - imvamisa endaweni ephakeme eyi-4-8 m.
INuthatch ithatha imbobo ephonswe yi-woodpecker, ngoba ngokungafani nababazi bezinkuni, bona ngokwabo abakwazi ukukhipha umgodi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi, ngokwesibonelo, umdubuli omnyama udonsa izinsuku eziyi-10 kuya kwezingu-17 ukubeka umgodi, usebenza amahora angama-10 kuya kwangu-13 ngosuku. Kamuva, ezinye izinyoni, kufaka phakathi ukungabanjwa, zihlala kulezizindlu. Ama-Nutatches asebenzisa izidleke ezine-notch eyindilinga noma umgodi wemvelo onomgodi omkhulu ongalingani.
Imvamisa, uma umgodi umkhulu ngokwanele, bawumboza ngobumba, kwesinye isikhathi oxutshwe nomquba, ukuze bavikeleke kwizilwane ezidla ezinye, kusale nothi oluncane oluyindilinga olunobubanzi obungu-35 mm.
Ubumba, lukhuni, lwenza umnyango uqine kakhulu, futhi akekho umhlaseli ongagibela unuthatch. Kwesinye isikhathi ubumba alumbozwa nje kuphela ngembobo, kepha lukhona nezindawo eziseduze kwegxolo.
Imfucumfucu yesidleke iqukethe izikali eziningi ezincane zesendlalelo esincanyana esingenhla segxolo, imvamisa kakhulu sikaphayini, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izingcezu zamaqabunga ezinkuni. Ingxenye engezansi yomgodi igcwele ngalezi zingcezu, futhi amaqanda noma amantshontsho afakwa kuwo.
Ku-clutch 4 ukuya ku-12, amaqanda ama-6-9 ohlobo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka amhlophe qwa, anezindawo ezinokubomvu ngokubomvu, okuvame ukuthi kube kukhulu futhi kumboze ubuso begobolondo kunasemigqonyeni, kube mnyama ekugcineni. Ubukhulu bamaqanda yi-18-22 * 13-16 mm.
Ukuzikhulula kuqala ngokubekwa kweqanda lokugcina, insikazi ihlala izinsuku eziyi-14-18. Lifaka ngamandla futhi lindizela kuphela lapho inyamazane noma umuntu esondela emgodini uqobo.
Imikhaza enobude obude obude ekhanda, emahlombe nasemhlane, umphimbo wombala obomvu wenyama, ubuhlalu obumhlophe obukhilimu. Zombili izinyoni ezindala ziyondla. Izinsuku ezingama-22-25, amaphuphu ahlala emgodini, khona-ke abazali bawo bawondla ngaphandle komgodi amasonto ama-1-2.
Izici ze-Biology
Lezi zinyoni zivame ukuhlala emihlambini kunokuba zihlale zodwa. Kepha kukhona abantu abangabodwa. Kunowesifazane oyedwa kowesilisa; imibhangqwana ihlala impilo yonke.
Uhola indlela yokuphila yokuhlala phansi, futhi uma ungahlukumezi, njengomthetho, unamathela endaweni eyodwa, kepha abanye abantu bathuthela kude, kwesinye isikhathi kunokuhlasela okungahambelani ezindaweni ezilele ngaphandle kohlobo lokuzala oluthile.
Ebusika, ingxenye ye-nuthatch yenza ukufuduka kwasendaweni, imvamisa kungatholakala ekwakhiweni kwemihlambi yezinyoni. Inani liyahlukahluka unyaka nonyaka. Inyoni yendawo, eqapha indawo yayo unyaka wonke.
Ngokuvamile, i-nuthatch ithembela kakhulu futhi ungayibuka kude.
Imikhondo yezinyawo
Ukulandelela okwenzekayo kwezinyoni ngokuvamile kuhluke kulezo ezincelisayo. Izinyoni azihlangene kangako nomhlabathi, kanti ezinye zazo azihlali phansi ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile. Izinyoni eziningi zihlala ezihlahleni noma emadwaleni, lapho izidladla zazo zingashiyi ndawo. Lapho uhamba, i-nuthatch ithembela kuphela emilenzeni yangemuva. Ukuze unyakaze, ngaphezu kwemilenze, zisebenzisa amaphiko.
INuthatch inyoni encane. Izinzwani ezine ezinyaweni, ezintathu kuzo ziqondiswe phambili kuthi enye emuva.
Esikhathini esiningi izakhamizi zehlathi, okuyi, ikakhulukazi, eziboniswa ekwakhekeni kwemilenze yazo: iminwe emithathu yangaphambili ixhumeke kancane noma kancane, umunwe wangemuva ukhule kahle futhi uvame ukutholakala emunweni ongaphambili, okuvumela ukuthi uwuqhathanise nabanye lapho ubamba amagatsha ezihlahla. INuthatch ihamba kahle emhlabathini, ehambisana nokuthola kwabo ukudla okuhlukahlukene lapha.
Nayi eminye iminonjana eshiywe ngunuthatch
1) Ekwindla, izifunzo zezitshalo ziqala ukubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekondlweni lwe-nuthatch. Lezi zinyoni zinomqondo othuthuke kakhulu wokugcina ukudla. Ngo-Agasti, ukungathandwa kaningi kungabonakala ezihlahleni, lapho izinyoni, zikhuphuka khona isiqu somuthi, zifihla imbewu emagxolweni esihlahla. Ithatha imbewu ku-feeder, inyoni iyayibamba ngoqhwaku lwayo futhi iyithwale icashe. Ngemuva kokuthi i-feeder ingenalutho iziqu zezihlahla eziningi, kulula ukuthola izingxenyana ezingenalutho zigqitshwe emqubeni wegxolo. Lokhu kungukulandela kwesibalo.
2) Uma i-nuthatch ithatha imbobo, imvamisa, umgodi mkhulu ngokwanele, umbozwe ngobumba, kwesinye isikhathi kuxutshaniswe namathe, ukuvikela kwizilwane ezidla ezinye. Kubumba obomile, khona-ke iminonjana yomsebenzi woqhwaku ibonakala kahle.
Ukusatshalaliswa
Zisatshalaliswa e-Eurasia, eNyakatho Melika nasenyakatho ne-Afrika. Abancane kunabo bonke, abahlala eNyakatho Melika, ongumntwana omncane, angaqhathaniswa nesithako esincane. Futhi enkulu kunazo zonke, i-nuthatch enkulu kunazo zonke ehlala eBurma naseSouthern China ayisona nje inkanyezi. Sine-nuthatch ejwayelekile.
Akunzima ukuhlangana nuthatch emahlathini esifundeni sase Chelyabinsk, ikakhulukazi ekwindla kanye nasebusika, lapho izinyoni ezifudukayo sezivele zishiya isifunda sethu, futhi ihlathi elingenalutho elilahle amacembe selibukelwe ibanga elide. I-nuthatch ihlalwa ngamahlathi ahlukahlukene ahlukahlukene, ikhetha ukuvuthwa nokude, ngobuningi bemigodi kanye nesisekelo sokudla okunothile ngesikhathi sekwindla-nobusika.
Kuyathakazelisa ukufundisa i- nuthatch ukuvakashela umkhombe wakho wokudla ebusika, okulula ukwenza uma uhlala ngaphandle kwedolobha noma okungenani eduze kwepaki yedolobha. Ku-feeder, beka imbewu yelanga, ikhabe, ikhabe, ithanga, amantongomane kaphayini, izikhwebu ze-hazelnut ezihlutshiwe kanye nezicucu zama-lard angenasisekelo. Bese kuthi emva kwesikhashana uzokwazi ukubona ama-nuthatch nezinye izinyoni kusuka kude kude nsuku zonke.
UNuthatch (inyoni): ibukeka injani inyoni? Ngabe inyoni iyinyoni noma ibusika?
INuthatch - inyoni engajwayelekile. Igama lakhe selivele lisho okuningi. Kuyakhombisa ukuthi inyoni iyakwazi ukukhasa. Kodwa-ke, isiphetho esinjalo singanikezwa ngumuntu ongaboni. Inyoni ayishwabani. Uyagijima, kepha ushesha kakhulu.