Ososayensi abavela emazweni ayisishiyagalolunye aholwa nguKlaus Reinhardt waseDresden University of Technology bahlaziya iDNA yezinhlobo ezingama-34 zezimbungulu zombhede futhi, ngokususelwa emininingwane, bahlanganisa isihlahla somndeni saleli qembu lezi zinambuzane. Enye yeziphetho zalo msebenzi ukuthi lezi zinambuzane zavela ngaphambili kakhulu kunokujwayelekile.
Umndeni zabuya izimbungulu (Cimicidae) kubandakanya izinhlobo ezingamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye ezisatshalaliswa emhlabeni jikelele. Zonke ziphila ngezinto esimila kuzo igazi-abancela. Ummeleli wabo owaziwa kakhulu, isiphazamisi sebhedi (Cimex lectularius) Kodwa iningi labo akuzona yisinanakazana abantu nezilwane zasendle nezinyoni. Kwakukholelwa ukuthi okhokho balo lonke leli bugs kwakuyizilwane ezihlala emihumeni futhi ziphuza igazi lamalulwane. Kepha ngonyaka ka-2008, abamele umndeni batholwa e-Burmese amber Cimicidaeobephila iminyaka engama-30 million angavamile ngaphambi kokuba kuqhamuke amalulwane okuqala.
Manje umlando wokuziphendukela kwemvelo womndeni Cimicidae uthathe isinqumo sokucacisa ngezindlela zofuzo. Ngokuvama kwezinguquko, kutholakale ukuthi izimbungulu ziyiqembu lakudala kakhulu, zavela eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-115 edlule (izinsalela zakudala zamalulwane zineminyaka eyisigidi ezingama-64 kuphela). Kulokhu, ukhokho wabo bonke embhedeni izimbungulu bebelokhu izinambuzane okuhlabayo, nakuba abanye ososayensi ngaphambilini babekholelwa ukuthi ushintsho yabo kulolu hlobo lokudla iphutha kamuva.
Ososayensi babuye bathola ukuthi imigqa yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, efaka phakathi izinhlayiya ezimbili zabantu phakathi kwezimbungulu zombhede (Cimex lectularius futhi umbono tropical C. hemipterus), bahlakazeka eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-47 edlule. Lokhu refutes umbono uzwakalise ngaphambili, ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili izimbungulu zazihlukaniswe 1.6 million. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule, lapho okhokho kwezinhlobo Homo sapiens ahlukaniswe nohlobo lwabantu bakudala - HOmo erectus ekugcineni. Manje kufanele sivume ukuthi zombili izimbungulu zizishintshele egazini lomuntu ngokuzimele.
Ngokuka Klaus Reinhardt, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi okungenani izinhlobo ezimbili zezimbungulu sezishintshile kanjalo. Omunye wabo - I-Leptocimex boueti, njengezinhlobo ezimbili ezedlule, ngaphambili wayedla igazi lamalulwane.
Nesithakazelo umlando uhlobo lwesine. UKlaus Reinhardt utholakale eqoqweni lezinganekwane zabantu baseNdiya abangamaHopi, aqanjwa nangaphambi kokuba athintane nabaseYurophu, izindaba ezimbili: “Umdanso wobusuku bezimbungulu” kanye no- “Woman-bug and louse -ouse”. Kwalandela kubo ukuthi amaNdiya ayaziwa kakhulu ngama-parasites angenabhanoyi aphuza igazi futhi awazona izintwala ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuze ubheke lezi zinambuzane kwadingeka igama pesets'ola ekhethekile. Noma kunjalo izimbungulu zombhede Cimex lectularius Bakhandwa alethwe Hopi kuphela ukufika abaMhlophe. UReinhardt waphetha ngokuthi ngesikhathi sangaphambi kweColumbian eningizimu-ntshonalanga yesimanje i-USA, izinhlobo zaseNyakatho Melika zesiphuzo zaphuza igazi labantu I-Haematosiphon inodorus. Manje, la izimbungulu zidla igazi izinkukhu kanye izikhova, ezinkozi zezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, ngezinye izikhathi luma abantu, kodwa kubhekwa ukweqisa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngokuvamile, uReinhardt ukholelwa ukuthi uhlobo olusha lwezimbungulu luguqukela egazini labantu cishe kanye isigamu sesigidi.
Incazelo
Umzimba we-thrips ubude - ubude buvela ku-0,5 kuye ku-14 mm (imvamisa yi-1-2 mm). Mouthparts - ukubhoboza abancela hlobo. Imilenze yezinhlobo eziningi imincane, iyagijima. Ama-paws anezinyo kanye nedivaysi ye-suction vesicular.
Ngo isinyathelo esilandelayo ubabonisa ukuthuthukiswa: amaqanda, isibungu, pronymph, Nymphs, abadala. Kwesinye isikhathi ziphindaphindeka ngokwengxenye. Izibungu nama-nymphs aneminyaka eminingana. Thuthukisa ngokushesha. Banganikela ngezizukulwane eziyi-15 ngonyaka.
Ama-thrips anezimbili ezi-2 zamaphiko amancanyana anomphetho onqenqemeni (yingakho igama lesithathu) nendawo ethambile. Fly kahle, kwezinye zezinto eziphilayo namaphiko mfushane noma ngingekho. Ngokuphamba, bangasebenzisa umshini ongajwayelekile, upop kanye nama-flaps, besebenzisa ukujikeleza okungazinzanga ngama-vortices wesikhashana eduze kwamaphiko. Igama le-Thysanoptera ye-oda liqukethe amagama asendulo esiGreek θύσανος (tisanos, I- “Tassel or fringe”), kanye no-(pteron"Wing").
Inani
Ama-Thrips abonakala ngokuhlinzekwa kokudla okukhethekile. Ama-thrip amaningi ahlala ezimbali zezitshalo futhi adla ngamajusi awo, okuvame kakhulu kuma-invertebrates amancane noma kumakhowe. Izinambuzane houseplants kanye imbali izitshalo. Ngo-agronomy, izinhlobo eziningi zokwehla kwezithelo zithathwa njengezinambuzane zezilimo. Amanye ama-thrips ayizinto eziyingozi zokuvalelwa yedwa. kunezinhlobo zezintuthwane eziningana kukhona abathwali amagciwane angaphezu kuka-20 ukuthi izifo imbangela isitshalo, ikakhulukazi tropovirusov. Ama-Thrips angahlasela amakhaya futhi athelele izinto ezifana nefenisha, okombhede kanye nabaqaphi bekhompiyutha - ekugcineni, okwenza kube phakathi kwe-LCD nokuhlanganiswa kwengilazi yayo.
Kukhona nokujikijela okulimazayo. Lesitshalo bohlobo lwe Ama-Aelotrips faka amaqanda nezibungu zama-herbivorous thrips. Lesitshalo bohlobo lwe Scolotrips yidla izibungu zesicabucabu. Lezi zinhlobo ingasetshenziswa uhlelo lokuvikela imvelo izitshalo kutshalwa. Izinhlobo ezithile zama-thrips zibamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuvinjelweni kwezitshalo eziqhakazayo.
Ukuhlukaniswa
Ama-Thrips achazwa okokuqala ngo-1744 njengohlobo Physapus UKarl de Geer, waphinde waqanjwa kabusha Ama-Thrips semvelo Swedish Carl Onomusa e 1758. Ngo-1836, isazi sesiNgisi saseMelika u-Alexander Holiday saphakamisa isikhundla sazo sokwehlwaya, saqamba kabusha igama I-Thysanoptera. I wokulandisa yokuqala TRIPS yanyatheliswa ngo-1895 Henry node, okuyinto kubhekwa uyise ka Investigation lamabutho.
Ngokusho kwedatha ka-2013, izinhlobo ezingama-6091 zichaziwe, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo zezinsalela eziyi-153, ezihlanganiswe ngaphezulu kwekhulu lohlobo. Emkhakheni wamazwe we-USSR yangaphambili, kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-300 zezinto eziphilayo, eRussia ezingaba ngu-200 izinhlobo.
Nezakudala izimbungulu
Izimbungulu zimbhede omude weplanethi yethu. E-China, ososayensi bathola izinsalela zabaphalazi begazi abaphila eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi eziyi-120 edlule. High okuqukethwe zensimbi Umlando wezinsalela ubonisa ukuthi ukudla zabo eziyinhloko e ezikhathini komlando, njengoba kwakunjalo igazi. Izimbungulu zidliwe ngempumelelo kuma-dinosaurs aze afa lapho kuvela amalulwane.
Imihume emnyama enethezekayo enamazinga okushisa azinzile nokudla okuningi yakhanga izinambuzane. Kwakulapho, ngokososayensi, amalulwane "eyabelwe" bloodsucking izimuncagazi obaba. Abantu abanjengoMonkey baqala ukusebenzisa imihume njengesiphephelo kubazingeli kanye nesimo sezulu esibi. Izimbungulu bezijabulisa kakhulu “abaqashi” kangangokuthi kuze kube namuhla abahlukanisiwe kubantu. izimbungulu sidilizwa cishe izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana kusukela namhlanje, umehluko kuphela ku amasosha omzimba abalufundile ubuthi ahlukahlukene ukuthi abantu babesebenzisa ukubhekana nazo.
Izimbungulu zesikhathi esedlule
Izimo ezingaphili zangezikhathi eziphakathi zinegalelo ekukhiqizweni kwezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene. Geza ngesikhathi sakhe sasidabukisa nokubi: Abantu babekholelwa ukuthi isikhumba ecacile anamathele isifo. Babhekane nesidingo nomaphi lapho kudingeka khona, futhi izidumbu nezinsimbi ezazithululela umgwaqo khona lapho ngamafasitela, ngenxa yalesi sizathu izigqoko ezibanzi ezinompheme zangena emfashinini. I-Bedbug yayingenye yezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu zesikhathi, zazikhona yonke indawo: ezindlini, izigodlo, izindlu zezindela, kungakhathalekile ukuthi umnikazi wazo wayehlalaphi. Ngisho le nkosi French uLouis XIV wahlushwa ukuqwasha ngenxa yabo nezimbungulu.
Izimbungulu nazo zithonye isiko laseYurophu. Abantu baqala ukusebenzisa imithambo evikela umuntu olele ezinambuzaneni eziwa ophahleni. It kwaduma mahogany ifenisha, okuyinto azikwazanga ukubonakala izimbungulu othulini.
Ngokufakwa kweNkosi yeLanga, uLouis XIV, imimoya enenhloso eyimbili ivela eYurophu - ukulahla iphunga elivela kwabanye, kanye nokwesabisa abachitha igazi. Ngokuhlonipha izimbungulu, izinongo zathola igama lazo - i-coriander, ngenxa yephunga elifanayo.
Wahlushwa izimbungulu emadolonzima, njengoba ngenkathi ephakathi eYurophu ukondla nezintwala azikho yini izimbungulu, ke wayebhekwa njengomfel 'feat Christian ". Futhi labo ababenombono ohlukile, imvamisa basebenzisa i-powder yezimbali ze-chamomile ezomisiwe ezinobuthi obulalayo noma yisiphi isinambuzane - i-pyrethrin.
Ukusebenza ngempumelelo impela ekulweni namagciwane kubonise amadivayisi avuthayo - izimbungulu. Empeleni, kuba samovar izinkuni-evuthayo onompompi eside futhi usentekenteke phezulu, lapho kungenzeka ukucubungula jet umusi kanzima ukuze afinyelele izindawo. Le yunithi yesimangaliso yayiwu-analogue wensimbi yesimanje yensimbi. Labo abengafuni ukungaxubeki nompheki bamane bathatha amanzi abilayo bawafafaza ngamaphakethe ezinambuzane. ERussia, ngaphezu kwalezi zindlela baye uzungu ethandwa sokulwa nezimbungulu.
Izimbungulu zesimanje
Mayelana nenqubekela phambili yesayensi nezobuchwepheshe engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 leminyaka kanye nokuvela kwamakhemikhali amasha anobuthi asetshenziswa ukubulala izinambuzane, ukusakazeka kwezimbungulu emazweni asethuthukile kwehle kakhulu. umklamo Esenziwe Lula ifenisha, kokusungulwa vacuum cleaner nethonya yemijikelezo yemvelo futhi indima ethile. Ama-parasites atholakala kuphela phakathi kwezindawo ezazincishwe amathuba zabantu kanye namazwe asathuthuka.
Konke kuguqukile ngemuva kuka-1980, lapho beqala ukuqopha ukuqubuka kwezifo okukhulu okuvela nezimbungulu emadolobheni amakhulu e-United States naseNgilandi. Lokhu kuthiwa kubangelwa ukwanda kwenani abasuka emazweni asathuthuka, futhi ukuthuthukisa nokuvikeleka e izinambuzane ukuba ubuthi esetshenziswa indoda phambi.
Kuze kube manje, inkinga yezimbungulu zasekhaya ibaluleke kakhulu kunangaphambili!
Ukubonakala kokujikijelana
Thrips - amancane izinambuzane squad nge mouthparts ukubhoboza abancela namehlo amakhulu. Umbala we-thrips umdaka, ama-antennae aphuzi. Abantu abakhulu kunabo bonke ubude bafika ngamamilimitha ayi-6, kepha, njengomthetho, abameleli bokukhishwa abadluli imilimitha eyi-1.
Ikhanda + lakhe thrips unohlobo eyinqaba: ebunzini kubonakale luthi ukutsheka emuva, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi udebe lwangezansi kuyinto elingunxantathu, ikhanda iba ukuma Isigaxa. Izinhlobo eziningi zama-thrips zingenamaphiko.
Ama-Thrips abhekwa njengokhokho bazo zonke izimbungulu.
Lezi zinambuzane ngokuphawulekayo liphinyiselwe dimorphism ngokocansi - nabesifazane zinamandla futhi kunangendlela abesilisa kakhulu. Futhi, ubulili obuhlukile bungahluka ngombala. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuba nezimo lapho omunye wobulili eye wenyuka khona amaphiko noma engekho nhlobo.
Lezi zinambuzane abizwa ngokuthi "puzyrenogimi" ngoba imilenze yabo zitholakala phakathi izimpiko sucker ngesimo Bubbles. Imisipha ekhethekile ixhunyiwe endebeni yokudonsa, igcwalisa ngoketshezi futhi idala i-vacuum. Ngenxa yalezi zinkomishi zokubamba, ama-thrips ahamba kalula ngezitshalo.
Thrips amaphiko mincane futhi abe umphetho.
Ezinhlotsheni ezinamaphiko zokusinda, izimpiko ziba mude futhi zimfishane. Imiphetho yazo ihlukaniswe yizinwele eziminyene, ngakho-ke ama-thrips abizwa nangokuthi "ngamaphiko angenantambo." Emithanjeni emaphikweni cishe akekho.
Indlela yokuphila yama-Thrips
Ezinye izinhlobo zokuxhuma zingagcini nje ngokuhamba nje ezitshalweni, kepha zingagxuma futhi zibhukule, ngenkathi zona, njengomsila omfushane, zixoshwa yisisu sazo. Kodwa lezi zinhlobo ezinamaphiko fly kahle uma Flutter ke ngokushesha phansi. Amaphiko awo angaphansi athuthukisiwe awavumeli ukuba enze izindiza ezikude.
Izimpiko zokwehla zingakhuli kahle.
Kodwa kukhona okuhlukile - okusanhlamvu thrips, izimpukane kusukela inkambu emafwini elilandelayo lonke.
Ama-thrips abonakala ngokuguqulwa okungaphelele, kepha ngokuhlukahluka okuthile - kunesigaba sokuphumula, njenge-pupa, futhi kunesigaba esingaphezu kwesisodwa.
Izibungu kanye nezibungu.
Ngokuvamile, kungaba lezi zinambuzane zitholakala kwi-izimbali. Zidla impova zidla amaqabunga. Abanye bancela ujusi, kanti ezinye izinhlobo ziyizilo: bahlasela imikhaza nezinye izinambuzane ezincane, njengama-aphid, izinambuzane ezikalwa nezinye izinhlobo zama-thrips.
Thrips baphile emhlabeni wonke, bathola ikhaya nomaphi lungekho uhlaza.
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Ama-Thrips: Izici Zezinambuzane
Ukubhekana nokudlanga, kufanele unake ukubukeka kwabo. Lesi sinambuzane inezici elikhanyayo ehlukile, ngakho-ke kunzima ukudida nezinye izinambuzane. Ukwazi indlela yokuphila kuzosiza ukuhlola kangcono isimo futhi ukhethe izindlela ezifanele kakhulu zokubhubhisa ama-thrips.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Thrips
Ngenxa sokusinda isinambuzane yayo izimpilo ezindaweni eziningi ezahlukene. Izimo zeHabitat zithinta kuphela usayizi wezinambuzane namandla alo okubekezelela izimo ezingezinhle. Isibonelo, izinhlobo zezilwane ezi-thrips ezihlala ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu zingafinyelela ku-14 mm. Ngaphansi kwezinye izimo, izinambuzane akuvamile idlule 2 mm. Futhi, ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala, wonke ama-thrips athande umswakama ophezulu.
Ensimini yangaphambili yeSoviet Union kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-300 zezinsalela.
Lezi zilwane kakhulu ngokuba yingozi kwezinkolelo-thrips
Njengamanje, kunezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-2 000 zenjoloba engaphezu kwe-100 genera. Akuwona wonke amandla okudala umonakalo omkhulu. Nokho, ezinye izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu ngoba amapulazi, amasimu ezithelo kanye izivande.
Cabanga ngezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu futhi ngasikhathi sinye izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zokusinda.
Ukubhema ugwayi (I-thrips tabaci)
Thrips (Thrips tabaci), isithombe
Umbala uhlukahlukene, kepha ukukhanya okukhanyayo kuvame kakhulu. Ubude bomzimba hhayi ngaphezu kwe-1,3 mm. Nepriveredliv, ke esandisa ngokushesha. Imvamisa ihlala kwizambulela nakwizitshalo eziseduze, ezilimaza izilimo ezahlukahlukene zemifino kanye nogwayi. Itholakala endaweni yemvelo eningizimu yeRussia, e-Ukraine naseCentral Asia.Njengoba ezwela lapho izinga lokushisa, ngakho lengatfolakali zokugcina ngaphandle.
Ama-Omni-thrips (uFrankliniella intonsa)
Ama-thrip ahlukahlukene (uFrankliniella intonsa), isithombe
Inombala onsundu onsundu. Umzimba obuphelele - kufika ku-1.2 mm. Ibhubhisa cishe noma yisiphi isitshalo. Izinsikazi zalolu hlobo zifihla amaqanda ngaphakathi kwesiqu, ngakho-ke ukuzithola nokuzilimaza kuyinkinga. Izinambuzane zichitha ama-inflorescence futhi zakha ama-ovari. Zilimaza yemifino, izithelo, berry kanye nezitshalo Ornamental.
Ama-thrips okuhlobisa (i-Hercinotrips femoralis)
Ama-thrips okuhlobisa (iHercinotrips femoralis), isithombe
I-thermophilic kakhulu, ayihambelani namazinga okushisa aphansi. Ngokuvamile ezitholakala egunjini noma abamba ukushisa nezitshalo Ornamental: orchid, dracaena, Gardenia, umdolofiya, rose, Crotone, coleus, begonias, calle zamalala. Inomzimba onsundu omnyama, ubude bawo bungama-1,7 mm. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo eziningi, akuholeli indlela yokuphila ecashile. Ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile naphakathi nendawo, le nhlobo imvamisa itholakala endaweni evaliwe.
Ukolweni thrips (Haplothrips tritici)
Ama-Wheat thrips (i-Haplothrips tritici), isithombe
Ingadla cishe noma yisiphi isitshalo, kepha ikhetha okusanhlamvu: ibhali, irayisi, i-oats, i-buckwheat, ugwayi, ukotini kanye nommbila. Kwesinye isikhathi abamele balezinhlobo bangabonakala otshanini bokhula. Ubude umzimba female - 2.5 mm. Faka umbala kusuka kokushayela okugcwele kuze kube mnyama. Izimpiko zihlala zikhanya. Ama-Wheat thrips aphile isikhathi eside kunezinye izihlobo zawo, kepha abe nokuqina okuphansi. Bahlala-Europe, eSiberia, Kazakhstan, eNyakatho ye-Afrika, e-Asia Minor futhi Central.
I-Dracene thrips (i-Parthenothrips dracaenae)
I-Dracene thrips (i-Parthenothrips dracaenae), isithombe
Ubude bomzimba buyi-1.2 mm. Umbala emzimbeni insikazi ophuzi onsundu, kwabesilisa, elula. Ihlala ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni zomhlobiso: i-hibiscus, i-aralia, i-ficus, i-aroid nezitshalo ezihamba phambili. Alikubekezeleli amazinga okushisa aphansi, atholakala endaweni yemvelo ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi zezulu. Ezindaweni ezipholile kakhulu, zihlala emhlabathini ovaliwe.
Western imbali thrips noma thrips California (Frankliniella occidentallis)
I-Western flower thrips noma i-California thrips (iFrankliniella occidentallis), isithombe
Kusatshalaliswa kabanzi futhi kudla izitshalo eziningi: upelepele, u-anyanisi, utamatisi, amagilebhisi, ikhukhamba, isirobheli sasendle, ipiki, i-rose, i-chamomile, i-gerbera, i-cyclamen, i-chrysanthemum, i-senpolia, i-cineraria, njll. Ubude bomzimba - 1 mm. Ama-thrips awahambeli ubusika, ngakho-ke angavame ukubonwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo. umzimba umbala ukukhanya-osasitini, okungcono ayegcwele, ngaphandle mshini. Yisiphatheli segciwane le-utamatisi, elinikeza amaqabunga utamatisi umbala wethusi.
URosy thrips (I-Thrips fuscipennis)
I-Rosy thrips (i-Thrips fuscipennis), isithombe
isinambuzane obuphelele umzimba 1 mm. Umbala onsundu, imvamisa imnyama. Iyondla ezitshalweni eziningi, kepha ikhetha i-rosaceae. Ibekezelela kahle ubusika, ngakho-ke, itholakala kokubili endaweni evulekile neyivaliwe.
Lezi zilwane ezingenhla zitholakala emhlabeni wonke. Bangangena ekhaya lomuntu uma bethenga izitshalo ezintsha. Ezinye izinhlobo ze-thrips zivame kakhulu endle, okuandisa ingozi yokutheleleka kwezitshalo zasengadini.
Kungani ukugoba kuyingozi?
Lokhu inkathazo singayibhubhisa eningi izitshalo. Udla ujusi, abangele ukulimala okukhulu kwemishini: ezindaweni zokulunywa, kuvela amabala aphuzi akhanyayo, imivimbo kanye nezimbobo kuvela. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amahlamvu aqala ukufiphala futhi awe.
Ama-thrips alimaza ama-buds nezimbali (izinhlobo eziningi zingadla impova), okuholela ekulahlekelweni yizimbali ezibukeka njengokuhlobisa kanye nokufisa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Ngakho, ngenxa thrips plant kancane kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni futhi awukwazi zizalane.
Ukukhishwa kule arthropod nakho kungaba yingozi ekutshaleni izihlahla. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, ukungcola kuphenduka umphangi, kuqhamuka i-mesh yesiliva. Lokhu kubangela ukwephulwa kwe-photosynthesis. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkathazo ithwala uhlu izifo isitshalo eziyingozi, engase iholele kalula ukufa simila.
Ungabhekana kanjani nokukhubazeka?
Kunzima impela ukususa ama-thrips, ngoba anda ngokushesha futhi acashe kahle. Izindlela eziningi azisebenzi ngawamaqanda nama-nymph, ngoba zinezembozo ezikhethekile zokuvikela, ngakho-ke ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe ngendlela yokuqothula abantu abadala nezibungu kuphela ezijabule ezivela emaqanda. Eminye imithi, kungaba kubi kakhulu isimo izitshalo uma usetshenziswa ngokungalungile.
Uma ukutholwa kutholakala esihlahleni, kubalulekile ukuhlola ngokucophelela ukutshala komakhelwane, ngoba izinambuzane zingahanjiswa kalula zisuka kwesinye isitshalo ziye kwesinye.
Uma kungenzeka, kunconywa ukususa izitshalo ezithintekile kude nezinempilo ukuze uvikeleke ukutheleleka kwazo.
Indawo lapho izitshalo zazikhona kufanele ihlanzwe. Uma sikhuluma ekhanyayo, ungqimba ongenhla inhlabathi kumele zisuswe.
Ngaphambi kokulashwa ngamakhemikhali, kunconywa ukuhlanza isitshalo esihlathini ukuze ususe izinambuzane. Ngemuva kokuthi uqhubeke nokwelashwa kwezitshalo ezithelelekile.
Amakhemikhali ngokumelene nokujiya
Ezimweni eziningi, abatshali bephoqeleka ukuba baphendukela ekusebenziseni zinambuzane. Amakhemikhali kuphela angalwa amakoloni amakhulu. Kodwa-ke, imikhiqizo enjalo ingaba yingozi kubantu, ezifuyweni, ezitshalweni nasezinyosi, ngakho-ke, uma uyisebenzisa, kumele ulandele imiyalo ngokuqinile.
Ngezansi sizobheka ezinye izidakamizwa ezizokusiza ukhiphe iziphephelo.
Fitoverm
Umuthi osebenzayo yi-aversectin C. Umlutha waleli khambi uvela kancane, okwenza ukuthi uphumelele ekuphatheni isikhathi eside kwezinambuzane. IFitoverm yehlukile ngoba ayibeki engcupheni enkulu yezinyosi (iklasi le-hazard 3). Kubantu, umkhiqizo uyingozi ngokulinganisa (isigaba se-hazard 3). Ungasebenzisa i-pre-sokuvuna - inkathi yokulinda izinsuku 1-3 of. Ububi bomuthi ubiza kakhulu.
Amakhambi esintu aqhathaniswa nokujijiswa
Ezimweni eziningi, le ndlela ayisebenzi. Kodwa uma labantu lincane, izindlela ezivamile kungasiza ukubabulala izinambuzane eziyingozi ngaphandle sokulimaza lezi zimila, izinyosi abantu.
Ukuze ulwe nama-thrips, kulungiswa ama-tinctures ahlukahlukene asetshenziselwa ukufafaza izitshalo ezinegciwane. Amaresiphi abanye babo bethulwa ngezansi.
Ukumiliselwa kwe-Chamomile
Ukuze kulungiswe ezivamile indlela chamomile. Udinga ukufaka i-100 g ye-chamomile kwilitha e-1 lamanzi, ugcizelele okungenani amahora ayi-12.
Ukuze uthuthukise umphumela wokungenelela, ungangeza i-5 g yensipho yokuwashisa ecijekile.
Ukumiliselwa okususelwa kugwayi
0.5 izinkomishi ochotshoziwe ezomile ugwayi noma ugwayi uthuli exutshwe 1 litre amanzi. Shiya usuku. Faka elinye ilitha lamanzi, hlanganisa.
I-anyanisi kanye / noma ukumithiswa kwegalikhi
Ukulungisa tincture kufanele uthathe 1 ch. L. u-anyanisi oqoshiwe kanye / nomagalikhi, hlanganisa nengilazi yamanzi. Shiya usuku. Inhlungu.
Ukucubungula izitshalo kungenziwa kusetshenziswa isibhamu sokufafaza, kanye nokusebenzisa amaphara ukotini. Kuyadingeka ukuba banake ukwelashwa inhlabathi: ukususa le ungqimba top, afafaze ukumnika ekhethiwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, akunconywa kakhulu ukumboza umhlabathi nge-foil, ngoba lokhu kungalimaza izimpande zesitshalo.
Ukuvinjwa kwama-Thrips
Isimo esikhulu sokuvimbela noma yiziphi izinambuzane ukuhlolwa kwezitshalo nsuku zonke. Lokhu kusebenza ikakhulukazi kwababuthakathaka futhi izitshalo ezisencane. Kufanele kubhekwe kakhulu emasimini atshalwe emazingeni okushisa aphakeme (emagumbini okugcina izithombo, ama-greenhouse noma indawo eshisayo).
Ama-thrips afana nomswakama ophansi, ngakho-ke kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi akukho ukoma ngokweqile kulezi zindawo zokugcina izithombo. Izitshalo zasendlini zingavikelwa ezinambuzaneni ngokufaka umswakama egumbini.
ukuthambisa avamile futhi sishaye kusuka isifutho futhi enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba bavikele lokufikela thrips. Kunconywa ukuhlanza izitshalo zasendlini kanye ngenyanga eshinini ukugeza uthuli, kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane.
Phakathi kwezitshalo, futhi unglengisa izingibe ze-glue, izimbambo zezimpukane zilungile. Ungasika futhi imichilo yephepha eliphuzi noma eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bese ulumboza ngesinamathisela. Izicupho kuzosiza ukunciphisa inani nezilokazane ukubona uma ngaso sonke.
Ngaphakathi endlini, ama-thrips athole indlela eyodwa kuphela - ngokusebenzisa izitshalo ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, lapho uthenga, kufanele uhlole ngokucophelela ngaphansi kweshidi. Zonke izitshalo kumele zahlukaniswe (amasonto 1 kuya ku-2). Lokhu kuzosiza ukukhomba inkathazo futhi bavikele lonke kokwehla.
