Ibhungane le-barbel, noma njengoba libizwa nangokuthi i-lwoodjack, lingomunye wabamele iqembu le-mabhungane elinamaphiko. Umndeni we-barbel unezinhlobo okungenani eziyi-17,000 zalezi zinambuzane, ezingafani ngosayizi womzimba kuphela, kepha nangombala. Lesi yisigaxwe saseMpumalanga Ekude, kanye nesihlahla somgundi saseBrazil, isinaphi esikhulu, kanye nembhungane elimnyama elaziwa abaningi, ne-barbel ye-alpine, ehlukaniswa ubuhle obuhle kakhulu.
Abamele lo mndeni baboniswa amachilo ahlukanisiwe, ubude bawo abanye abantu bungadlula usayizi womzimba wabo kaningana.
Esinye isici se-barbel umzimba omude omfishane, izinwele nezimpiko. Ngempela, ezinye izinhlobo zamabhungane ezigodo ayakwazi ukundiza. Kepha ababaningi abantu abakwaziyo ukundiza kahle futhi ngokushesha.
Izici ze-Lumberjack
Abantu abaningi kwadingeka bahlangane nezibungu zemithi, maqondana nabo abazibonela mathupha ukuthi ibhebgi le-barbel libukeka kanjani. Iningi lalezinambuzane linomzimba ophakathi nendawo kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-20 mm. Kepha kukhona imidondoshiya. Ngakho-ke i-titanium eyenziwe ngamapulangwe ingakhula icishe ibe ngu-17 cm. Enye enkulu ingabizwa ngokuthi i-olenoro native enkulu, enobukhulu obufanayo. Ibhungane elikhulu kunazo zonke eYurophu liqashelwa njengebhungane lokubaza, elinobude bomzimba lifinyelela ku-6 cm .. Ensimini yeRussian Federation, ibhungane elikhulu kunazo zonke i-barbel is the Ussuri relic barbel, osayizi womzimba wayo ufinyelela ku-11 cm. Izithombe namagama e-barbel abekwe ngezansi.
Izinhlobo zeBhungane
Umzimba webhungane elilungisa izinkuni uvame ukumnyama noma onsundu. Kepha bakhona abamele imizimba yabo emhlophe, ephuzi ophuzi, onsundu-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okotshani obunemibala engabonakali ebonakalayo kamama weparele noma umthunzi wensimbi. Ngezansi ibhungane ligsjack esithombeni.
Indawo yokuhlala kwezinyosi
Izinambuzane zalo mndeni zihlukaniswa yiphethini lamabala, amabhandishi anemibala ehlukahlukene noma imichilo. Isithombe se-bhungane le-Alpine barbel elinomhlobiso we-elytra singabonakala ngezansi.
I-Alpine barbel
Qaphela!
U-Barbel ukhulume nge-dimorphism yezocansi. Ukuchazwa kowesilisa nowesifazane kwehluke kakhulu. Imvamisa, ubulili obuhle buhlukaniswa ngosayizi omkhulu, umbala nobude bamadevu.
Habitat
Indawo oyithandayo yamapulangwe yizinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezihlahla, izihlahlana nezitshalo ze-herbaceous. Amabhungane angahlala endlini yezwe noma ezweni, abhubhise izinto zokhuni zesakhiwo, ifenisha kanye namabhodi. Amabhungane we-Barbel beetle emahlathini e-coniffort abangela ukulimala okukhulu emahlathini, ngakho-ke kudingeka uwaqede.
Umsoco
Lokho okwadliwa yibhungane le-barbel kuya ngohlobo lwesinambuzane nendawo yokuhlala yaso. Ngakho-ke ama-ligsjack adla ikakhulu izinaliti, amaqabunga noma impova. IBhungane ibhungane ibhungane lidla amagxolo amahlumela amancane. Ukudla okunjalo kukhuthaza ukuvuthwa okufanele kwamaseli wegciwane.
Indlu emnyama ibumba izinkuni, ibangela ukulimala okungenakulungiseka ezakhiweni zamapulangwe, okuyingozi yokuthi umuntu abe ne-barbel kumuntu. Ngemuva kwakho konke, indawo oyithandayo yezinambuzane ingasebenza:
- amabhodi ezansi nophahla lwophahla,
- ozimele wewindi nokuphakama kwezinkuni,
- imishayo ye-attic kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwemishayo yokhuni.
Ngawo uqobo, ibhungane eligawula izingodo alinangozi kubantu. Angalimaza impahla yakhe kuphela.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamabhungane zidla ekuthini umuthi. Futhi kukhona labo abamele lo mndeni abangadli nhlobo. Ngakho-ke, i-titanium barbel iphila ngesisekelo sezakhi zomzimba, ezigcinwe esigabeni sezibungu.
Ukuzala
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, insikazi ifuna indawo efanelekayo yokufaka amaqanda. Imvamisa, imfucumfucu yezinkuni. Ngesinye isikhathi, insikazi ingazalela amaqanda angamakhulu amane, okuthi kuzo ngezinsuku eziyi-12-15 kuvele izibungu ezibusayo.
Izibungu zebhungane le-barbel zivame ukuba mhlophe. Emizimbeni yakhe ethambile kancane, esikhundleni sama-paws, kukhona ukugcwala okukhethekile. Ngenxa yabo, izibungu ziyahamba. Isinambuzane sine-prothorax eyenziwe kahle kanye nemihlathi enamandla. Zenza amandla izibungu ukuba zondle futhi ziququququququ kwegnaw inkuni.
Amagxolo esihlahla, lapho izibungu zihlala khona isikhathi eside, awazisebenzisi njengekhaya kuphela. Futhi kungumthombo oyinhloko wokudla. Izibungu zinesifiso esikhulu sokudla kangangokuba esikhathini esizayo esiseduze nesakhiwo lapho zihlala khona, kuhlala udoti owodwa.
Ngobusika, i-larvae pupate, futhi entwasahlobo, kuvela amabhungane ama-longhorn amadala kuwo. Inqubo yokuthuthuka isuka kwiqanda iye kumuntu ovuthiwe ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene ingahluka, ngokwesilinganiso, ihlala eminyakeni eyi-1.5 kuye kwengama-2. Kodwa-ke, ngokuphila ekujuleni kokuqukethwe, izibungu zivikelekile ngaphandle futhi zinethuba lokuphila iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nambili. Lesi sikhathi sanele ukuba babeke izindinyana ezinobude obuyi-30 kuya ku-40 km. Ngosuku olulodwa, isibungu esisodwa sakha umhubhe, ubude bawo obungu-15-30 mm.
Ukuvikelwa kweBettle Beetle
Photo: Lumberjack Beetle
Namuhla, inani lababazi be-barbel lincipha ngokushesha. Lesi sinambuzane sikleliswe eNcwadini ebomvu ePoland, Czechoslovakia, eHungary naseBhuku eliBomvu leKrasnodar Territory eRussia. U-Oak barbel ubhalwe ku-Red Book of Ukraine. Isibalo sabamele ama-llicjacks angama-relic futhi sesehla ngokushesha eRussia. Yena, kanye ne-barbel ye-alpine, ibhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia.
Ukwehla okusheshayo kwezinhlobo ezingenhla kokuphazanyiswa kwamaphiko eziphephe kuholela kwisidingo sokwethula izindlela zokuzivikela. Ngakho-ke, eHungary, ukuqoqwa kwe-barbel akuvunyelwe ngokuphelele, kujeziswa ngumthetho. Kwezinye izifunda, uhulumeni wethule izindlela zokunciphisa umkhawulo wentuthuko yezomnotho ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona izingodo.
Ubhungane lwamapulangwe lungomunye wabameli abahle kakhulu bomndeni wamabhungane. Leli bhungane elikhulu elinokubukeka okuvelele, okugqamisile okukho amadevu amakhulu. Minyaka yonke, ososayensi bathola izinhlobo eziningi kakhulu zezingodo, ngakho-ke isibalo sabantu balezi zinambuzane sisezingeni eliphakeme impela. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezithile ze-barbel ziyehla ngokushesha ngesibalo, okudinga abantu ukuthi bathathe izindlela ezithile zokuzivikela.
- I-Cerambycini
- Coleopterida
- I-Panarthropoda
- I-symmetrical eyisisekelo
- Onamaphiko
- Izilwane zaseBelarus
- Izilwane zaseBrazil
- Izilwane zase-Eurasia
- Izilwane zaseKazakhstan
- Izilwane zase china
- Izilwane zaseColombia
- Izilwane eziBomvu
- Izilwane zeNcwadi Ebomvu YaseRussia
- Izilwane zasehlathini
- Izilwane zaseMoldova
- Incwadi yezilwane D
- Incwadi yezilwane F
- Izilwane ze-peru
- Izilwane zaseRussia
- Izilwane zamahlathi axubile futhi aqabayo
- Izilwane zase-Ukraine
- Izilwane ezihlisayo zasendle
- Izilwane zaseNingizimu Melika
- Izinambuzane ezinamaphiko
- Amakhukhi
- I-Molting
- Izinambuzane Eziguqulwe Ngokugcwele
- Umgabeli wangempela
- Izinambuzane ezinamaphiko
- Okuyinhloko
- Amabhungane
- Ukuphefumula kwenhlinini
- U-Barbel
- Barbel oki
- I-Chrysomeloid
- I-Arthropods
- Inemilenze eyisithupha
- Eumetazoi
Izimpawu zokuba khona
Ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwendawo yokhuni kuzosiza ekuboneni ukuba khona kwezilokazane. Lokhu kungafakazelwa izindlela ezihamba nomoya, ukusikeka okusobala kanye nofulawa onsundu, osabonakala ngombala ophuzi. Olunye uphawu lokutheleleka kwezinambuzane ukwahlukaniswa koketshezi onsundu kusuka ezinyakazweni ze-woodworm, okunephunga elimnandi elinamandla.
Incazelo Nezici
Lesi sinambuzane esimangalisayo singokuhleleka kwamabhungane. Izidalwa ezinjalo zathola igama lazo ngokuthanda kwazo okhethekile izinkuni, okuvame ukuba yikhaya lazo. Bayayidla, ebangela ukulimaza okukhulu kuyo yonke indawo ezungezile, ikakhulukazi, ezakhiweni nasempahleni yomuntu.
Ubhungane obambe izinkuni uyisidalwa esiminyene esisakaze cishe yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezibandayo kakhulu zomhlaba. Ingxenye ebonakalayo ebabazekayo futhi ebonakalayo ngokubukeka kwakhe ihlukaniswe ngamabhulukwe amakhulu, ubude bawo obedlula ubukhulu bakhe bomzimba ngesinye isikhathi amahlandla ambalwa.
Umzimba wesinambuzane ngokwawo sinciphile, siphakeme. Kungaba mnyama-nsundu noma kube mnyama. Emvelweni, kukhona futhi amabhungane agrey-blue, aphuzi ngokwebala futhi amhlophe ngokuphelele. Kukhona izimo ezinombala oluhlaza okotshani ngokufakwa kwensimbi noma i-pelescent shades.
Ingxenye engenhla yezidalwa ezinjalo ingahlotshiswa ngomhlobiso othokozisayo, ziyakwazi ukugqama futhi ziqhakaze ngemivimbo enemibala, amabhandeji namabala. Zonke izici zokubukeka zingabonakala esithombeni sebhungane elihamba ngamapulangwe.
Lesi sidalwa futhi sinamaphiko, okuthi kwezinye izikhathi singaba usizo olukhulu, ngoba ingxenye yezinhlobo zamabhungane anjalo ngokwemvelo inikezwe amandla okundiza. Kuliqiniso ukuthi akuwona wonke umuntu ophumelelayo ukuhamba emoyeni ngokushesha, kalula futhi kahle, ikakhulukazi izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zidumile ngezikhathi ezinjalo zokungqubuzana okukhulu.
Kulula ukuhlukanisa umuntu wesifazane walezi zidalwa ezichaziwe kowesilisa. Lezi zokugcina zivame ukubonakala zincane kakhulu. Futhi izinsikazi ezinkulu zibuye zihlukaniswe ngemibala ekhanyayo yomzimba nosayizi obalulekile wamadevu.
Izinhlobo eziningi zalezi zinambuzane zinikezwa amandla angajabulisi okwenza imisindo ebukhali ebangelwa ukuqubuka kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene zomzimba walesi sinambuzane. Kwesinye isikhathi le misindo ayiyona ngephutha, kodwa ikhiqizwa ngokukhethekile yizidalwa ezinjalo.
Kumapulangwe amaningi, ubude bamadevu bungadlula ubude bomzimba webhungane.
Ngokufanayo, basabisa izitha zabo, futhi kwezinye izimo lokhu kusebenza njengophawu olusongozayo ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Ukuze izimbungulu ze-barbel zingalimazi isakhiwo sakho, kufanele:
- yenza ukuhlolwa okuphelele kwezinkuni ngezimbobo ezenziwe izinambuzane kulo,
- lapho kutholakala umonakalo, sebenzisa okokuvikela okukhethekile,
- gcina igumbi lome, ngoba umswakama ngokweqile ungenye yezimo ezinhle zokuphila kwezinambuzane,
- ngezinhloso zokuvimbela, izindawo zokhuni kumele ziphathwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngama-ejenti akhethekile wezinambuzane,
- zokwakha ezisetshenziswayo ezingangenwe yizinambuzane, kulula ukukuqinisekisa lokhu lapho izinkuni zisulwa yigxolo,
- ngokutheleleka okuqinile kwezakhiwo zokhuni, kufanele zitshintshwe izinto ezintsha.
Ngezikhathi ezithile zokwenza le micimbi elula, ungavikela indlu kwizinambuzane.
Okuncane kwebhayoloji
Amabhungane we-Barbel amancane amancane ngosayizi (ukusuka kumuntu kuya kwamashumi ama-millimitha), anomzimba osicaba kanye namadevu, okuyisitho esiyinhloko sokuhogela. Umbala wamapulangwe, njengomthetho, onsundu noma onsundu grey, akuvamisile ukuba ibhungane elimnyama le-barbel. Lesi sithombe sikuvumela ukuthi uhlolisise lesi sinambuzane.
Izibungu zezinambuzane zivezwa emihlathini enamandla ikakhulukazi, ngenxa yokuthi zombili izinkuni ezilukhuni nensimbi ethambile ebunjiwe 'inzima' kubo. Noma kunjalo, amabhungane awadli ngokuzithandela, ekhetha izakhiwo zokhuni namabhodi agxiliwe.
Ibarber yowesifazane ibeka amaqanda ayo (kusuka kwizingcezu ezingama-200 kuye kwezingama-400) eziseleni noma emifantu esihlahleni, kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-7 kuya kwezi-14, kuzalwe izibungu ezenza ngokushesha inqubo yokubhujiswa kwesihlahla.
Kuhle ukugcizelela ukuthi cishe akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqaphele ngokushesha isifo sesihlahla, ngoba izibungu zihola indlela yokuphila ecashile. Ngakho-ke ukuqonda ukuthi indlu yakho eyenziwe ngamapulangwe inqotshwa yimiphumela elimazayo yamabhungane e-barbel, ungabona imiphumela yangempela yomsebenzi wabo (isihlahla esonakalisiwe nesikhululekile).
Bheka incazelo
Ungahlangana nobhungane olukhulu kunazo zonke emazweni aseNingizimu Melika nangesikhathi esifushane. Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuhlaba umxhwele, uphila kuphela amasonto ambalwa, ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokudla. Kukholelwa ukuthi ekutholeni inzalo yanele lezo zakhi zomzimba ezitholwa yisinambuzane esigabeni sezibungu. Kuyamangaza ukuthi akekho noyedwa owake wabona izibungu ngokwazo, ososayensi baqagela kuphela ukuthi bakhulu kangakanani nokuthi bakhula isikhathi esingakanani. Ngokuya ngobuningi, ekwakhekeni ngokuphelele kommeleli omkhulu wezinhlobo, izibungu zaso zidinga okungenani iminyaka emi-2, nosayizi wazo kufanele ube mkhulu kunobe mdala (cishe 25-25 cm).
Eminyuziyamu kanye namarekhodi asemthethweni ososayensi, ungathola ibhungane le-titanium lingabi ngaphezu kuka-17 cm ubude, ngaphandle kwezimpondo, kanti ubukhulu bawo bukhulu buthathwa njenge-22 cm. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngesinye isikhathi omunye wabaphengululi wabamba umuntu omkhulu wasikhulula ngemuva kokulinganiswa. Lokhu akufakazisi iqiniso lamazwi akhe, kodwa noma kunjalo
Imvamisa, ibhungane ligsjack-titan litholakala lilingana ne-13 cm ngosayizi, kepha ngisho nabantu abanjalo baheha ukunakwa okukhethekile. Ezindaweni zabantu bazo, uhlobo lwe-safari luhlelwe ngisho nasizini, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi kuthengiswe ama-giants kubaqoqi ngama-500-1000 amadola
Isici
Ubhungane olude, udondolo lwamapulangwe, lubhebhetheke emhlabeni wonke, futhi iziqu zazo ezinamandla zitholakala ezindaweni lapho kunesibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke sezitshalo zokudla zezinhlobo zezihlahla. E-Russia, kukhona abamele izinhlobo ezingama-583 zalezinambuzane, e-United States - izinhlobo eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1,2, e-Ukraine - cishe ezingama-280.
Amabhungane amaningi e-barbel anencazelo efanayo. Imizimba yabo iphakathi ngosayizi, futhi izimpondo ezinde zitholakala ekhanda. Umbala we-integument uzoncika ezinhlotsheni. Lezi zinambuzane ziveze i-dimorphism yezocansi - izimpondo zezinsikazi zifushane kakhulu, isisu siyindilinga, kanti abesilisa bahlukaniswa umhlathi ophakeme ongaphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinsikazi nezinsikazi zohlobo olufanayo zingaba nombala ohlukile. Kungakhathalekile ukuthi kuyini ocansini, emaphethelweni angaphandle kwephroraora, la mabhungane anembambo okuthiwa, okuyinto izinambuzane ezenza ngayo umsindo lapho zihlikihla ebusweni be-mesothorax. Kodwa futhi kunezinhlobo ezinjalo zezimbungulu ze-barbel, ezizimele zazo ziveza iziqalo zezandla zemilenze yangemuva lapho zixhuma zibhekene.
Abamele abakhulu kakhulu bomndeni wamabhungane we-barbel bafanelwe ukunakwa okukhethekile:
- i-lumberjack-titanium - ubude bomzimba wakhe bungafinyelela osayizi abahlaba umxhwele kakhulu futhi kukhona amasampula afinyelela ku-16.7 cm ubude,
- i-ligsjack yaseBrazil, izinyo elikhulu, kungenye into enkulu emhlabeni yezinambuzane, ubude bayo bomzimba bungu-16,9 cm, kodwa ama-mandibles abamba ingxenye ebalulekile yobude,
- ibhungane ibhungane elimnyama - ubude bomzimba walo buhlukahluka kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-40 mm kanti ukugcwala okukhulu kwabamele lolu hlobo kungadala ingozi enkulu ezihlahleni ze-coniferous,
- I-Ussuri relic barbel - kubhekwa ibhungane elikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia kanti nosayizi womzimba walo ungaba ngu-11 cm ubude.
Ngokuya ngezinhlobo, amabhungane e-barbel ahlukile ekwakhekeni komzimba, imibala, kanye nesithombe se-elytra. Abanye banezinsimbi zomzimba, i-pronotum tubercles kanye nemikhawulo ephuma.
Ngabe udlani we-barbel barle?
Ukudla kwesinambuzane esidala kuncike ezinhlotsheni. Siqukethe impova, izingxenye ezithandekayo zezitshalo, amahlumela amasha, amagxolo nezimbali. Ezinye izinhlobo zidla ngezimpande, humus nasemhlabeni.
Ngabe ibhungane elide ekude lidlani esigabeni sezibungu? Udla izinkuni njengokudla. Uhlobo ngalunye luthanda uhlobo oluhlukile, kepha uma lungekho lungadla noma yisiphi isitshalo esinamahlahla. Ukubeka amaqanda kowesifazane olulodwa kubangela ukulimala okukhulu kwezakhiwo zokhuni nokutshala.
Izinhlobo ze-barbel
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-barbel zihlukile ngosayizi nombala womzimba, indawo yokuhlala nokudla. Abamele abaningi babhalwe ku-Red Book futhi bathakazelisa kakhulu abaqoqi.
- Ibarbel yendlu emnyama ibhungane elinombala omnyama elihlala ezindlini zokhuni. Lesi isilokazane esiyingozi okunzima ukusilawula. Ubude bomzimba obunamadevu bufika ku-20 cm. Indawo yokuhlala enkulu ifenisha, ozimele bokhuni kanye nokuhlukaniswa. Isinambuzane sikhetha izinkuni zokufakelwa ezisetshenziselwe indawo yokukhosela, sinikeza ngokukhethekile isitho esimanzi esifudumele nesifudumele. Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi iningi labantu lihlala ezindaweni ezithintwe isikhunta esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Iminyaka emikhulu ye-barbel emnyama ibonwa kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti ngezinsuku ezinamazinga okushisa komoya ntambama. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda angama-200 kuye kwangama-420 emahlathini nasekuvulekeni kwezakhiwo, ifenisha, izingodo. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-1-3, kuvela izibungu.Zingakhonjwa ngezigaba ezivundayo ezingxenyeni zokhuni zasentwasahlobo. I-Excrement kanye nesidlo esihle sokushayela imvamisa kuvame ukubakhona ezimbanjeni.
ILumberjack-titanium ingummeleli omkhulu womndeni. Usohlwini lweNcwadi ebomvu, uthakazelisa kakhulu abaqoqi. Emvelweni, kunezinambuzane zalolu hlobo ezinobude obungamasentimitha angama-22. I-lumberjack-titan ehlala emagqumeni ihlala amahlamvu, iziqu kanye nezibi, ihola indlela yokuphila yasebusuku.
I-Lumberjack iyilungu lomndeni we-barbel, ephawuleka ngobukhulu bayo obukhulu kanye nama-mandibles abhalwe ngophondo. Bakhonza ukugaya i-substrate eqinile. Umzimba obanzi umbozwe ngegobolondo elinsundu elithambile, ekhanda kukhona izimpondo ezincane.
Ubhungane wokubaza uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwe-barbel eYurophu. Ubude bomzimba wesinambuzane bufika ku-60 mm. Kuyinkathazo eyingozi yokutshala kwama-coniferous nezakhiwo zokhuni. Namuhla, izinhlobo zezinto zibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi okukhulu.
I-Ussuri relic barbel yizinhlobo ezinkulu kunazo zonke zomndeni ezitholakala eRussia. Ubude bomzimba bufika ku-11 cm. Ngenxa yesithakazelo esikhulu sabaqoqi, lesi sinambuzane sifakwe ku-Red Book.
Omunye womeleli ogqamile yi-barbel ye-alpine. Waba ngabonga kakhulu ngombala omuhle womzimba wakhe namadevu - aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngemivimbo emnyama.
I-Barbel kunokuba yingozi
Kulimaza ini amabarbheli, kuyingozi yiphi? Amabhungane amadala awubangeli ukulimala, ngokungafani izibungu ezihlala ezitshalweni ezinamahlahla nezakhiwo kuze kube yiminyaka emi-2. Ngaphansi kwezimo zangaphandle ezimbi, ziyakwazi ukuwela oopopayi abamisiwe, zilondoloze ukusebenza amashumi eminyaka. Izibungu ezivela kobumbano olulodwa ziguqula izinkuni zibe luthuli, zenze ukuhamba komoya kube nzima, ifenisha, izakhiwo zokwakha, ama-verandas nama-gazebos.
Uhlala kuphi lo mabhungane we-barbel?
Ukulimala okukhulu kubangelwa izibungu zebhungane le-barbel, ezihlala ezingxenyeni ezingaphandle zezingodo, ifenisha neziqu, nezakhiwo zokhuni. Esikhathini sezulu esibandayo nesomile, izibungu ziya ngokujulile, lapho zingakwazi ukusebenza khona amashumi amaningi eminyaka, zilinde izimo ezifanele zokuthuthuka okuthe xaxa.
Unganquma kanjani lapho kuhlala khona ibhungane, futhi yiziphi izibungu ezikhethe izakhiwo zokhuni zendlu? Izici zesici:
- uthuli oluncane lwezinkuni eduze kodonga, ifenisha nezinye izakhiwo,
- umsindo odidiyelwe lapho uthinta i-nati, umlotha, i-oki ne-mahogany ngesandla sakho kukhombisa ukuthi kukhona izindinyana zokungena ngaphakathi,
- lapho kugwema amadwala athambile ngesando, ukuvela kobuso kanye nomsindo obuthakathaka kuzokhombisa ukulimala.
Izici nendawo yokuhlala
I-Titanium - inyamazane enkulu kunazo zonke omelele wophiko lwamaphiko oluphiko, olude lomzimba lungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-22.
Kuliqiniso, abantu abanjalo abavami kakhulu, futhi usayizi ojwayelekile kubo uyehlukahluka ukusuka ebangeni ukusuka kumasentimitha ayi-12 kuye kwayi-17.
Amabhungane avame ukuba nomzimba wombala onsundu-onsundu noma omnyama nge-elytra yombala we-chestnut. Kodwa-ke, kukhona abantu ngisho nombala omhlophe noma "wezinsimbi", konke kuya ngezimo zokuphila.
Umbala wesilisa nowesifazane uhluka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezifanayo; ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa bavame ukuba nesisu esikhombe, imihlathi emide nangamadevu.
Izinsikazi zona-ke, zikhulu futhi zikhulu kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yokuphawulwa kocansi, zingahluka kakhulu ngaphandle kwabesilisa.
Ebuka isithombe se-mabhungane eyenziwe ngamapulangwe, umuntu angawahlola kalula amehlo akhe acwengeke ngokujulile, ne-expression eyimidwebo emikhulu eyisithupha embozwe umuzwa ophuzi.
Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwalawa mabhungane aqhamuka kwezinye izinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, amabhungane amaqabunga, iqiniso lokuthi awacindezeli amadevu awo amade emzimbeni.
Kuleso simo, uma ubamba ngesandla Ubhungane lwamatsheyini, uzoqala ukwenza imisindo ekhethekile efana nokhilimu.
Baqhamuka lapho kushaqeka khona indawo enamatshe yendawo eyi-thoracic ephakathi kwembambo yasesifubeni.
Ezinye izinhlobo, njengamabhungane wezinkuni waseHawaii, enza imisindo ethokomayo, ehlikihla i-elytra yazo engxenyeni yesifazane yezitho zomzimba wasemuva.
Ubude bemadevu yamapulangwe ngesinye isikhathi budlula usayizi wayo, yingakho igama lesibili lale bhungane
Ibhungane le-titanium lingummeleli omkhulu we-barbel, otholakala ikakhulu e-Amazon.
Ezindaweni ezikuyo, njengePeru, i-Ecuador, iColombia neVenezuela, abahlali basebenzisa izibani ezikhethekile ze-mercury ukuheha la mabhungane, ngoba izindleko zawo omisiwe zisukela kumadola angama-550 kuya kwangama-1000 aseMelika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo sabo phakathi kwabaqoqi namuhla siphakeme kakhulu.
I-mabhungane enezithombe ezinesihlahla
Beetle Lumberjack Tanner, futhi, kungenye yezinhlobo ezinkulu ze-barbel, ezihlala ezindaweni zaseYurophu.
Zingatholakala naseTurkey, e-Iran, eCaucasus naseTranscaucasia, eNtshonalanga Asia naseSouthern Urals.
Namuhla, amabhungane asemnkantshubomvu atholakala ngaphakathi kwamahlathi ahlanganayo futhi amadala aseMoscow, lapho kuhlala khona izihlahla ezifile zezinhlobo ezinjenge-spruce, i-oak, imephu, iBirch nezinye.
Izinhlobo ezisele zebhungane elisasazeka izinkuni zisatshalaliswa kuwo wonke amazwekazi, futhi kuphela endaweni yesikhala se-post-Soviet kukhona okungenani izinhlobo ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili ezihlukene.
Beetle Lumberjack Tanner
Isimo nendlela yokuphila yebhungane yamapulangwe
Indlela yokuphila yamabhungane angenamapulangwe incike ezimweni zezulu nasendaweni yokuhlala. Ukundiza kwabantu abahlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu kuqala phakathi nentwasahlobo.
Abamele umhlangano wamaphiko ohlanganisa iphiko elisenkabeni ye-Asia Ephakathi baqala ukundiza ngokushesha ekwindla.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamabhungane atholakala ngenkuni, ancamela ukudla ezimbali, aholelwa ikakhulukazi esikhathini sokuphila kwasemini, inani eliphakeme leminye imisebenzi, ngokuphambene nalokho, livela ebumnyameni.
Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwemini, bavame ukuphumula, bacashe ezindaweni zokufihla kanzima.
Lapho zikhulu izinhlobo zamabhungane, ziba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukundiza. Ngenxa yobuningi bezinambuzane, ukususwa okubushelelezi nokuthambisa kubo kube ngumsebenzi olula.
Ngabe ibhungane liluma umgodo? Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zingaququda kalula ngepensela, umuntu akufanele esabe ukulunywa yi-barbel, ngoba akakwazi ukumlimaza kakhulu. Yebo, futhi amacala anjalo aqoshwa inani elingathandeki.
Ukwazi ukuthi ungabhekana kanjani nomuntu osebenzisa amapulangweangavikelwa kusuka isiphazamiso Izitshalo engadini, izindonga zokhuni nefenisha yasekhaya.
Izinambuzane ezihlala eduze komuntu komuntu zihlala ebusuku kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukuzithola zilula emini akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi.
Kodwa-ke, kufanelekile ukwazi ukuthi leli bhungane lithanda amanzi, kanti insikazi ishiya izibungu ezigabeni eziguqukayo kanye nemifantu ehlukahlukene emakamelweni obumswakama bawo bungaphezulu kweleveli elijwayelekile.
Ungabhekana nakho konke lokhu ngokubeka izinto ezibandayo ekushiseni kwamadigri angamashumi amabili (okungeke kwenzeke kuwo wonke amacala), futhi uphathe isakhiwo sonke ngegesi elinobuthi okuthiwa yi-methyl bromide.
Le nqubo kumele yenziwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa nangosizo lwesiteshi sokuhlanzeka.
Umlando wokuvela nokuhlukaniswa kwebhakhasi le-barbel
Abamele izinsalela zamabhungane amade babehlala emhlabeni esikhathini se-Jurassic, futhi manje isibalo somndeni walezi zinambuzane singaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-26,000 - futhi lokhu akuwona umkhawulo! Izinhlobo ezingaziwa zangaphambilini ze-barbel zitholakala njalo (kaningi, zitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezikhombile, kepha kwesinye isikhathi i-barbel engaxutshwe nalutho iyatholakala eYurophu). Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-barbel kuhlotshaniswa nokuphakelwa kwabo okuyinhloko - izinkuni. E-Russia kuphela, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-583 ze-barbel ziyaziwa, kanti e-Ukraine - cishe zingama-280. Emahlathini ethu, izinhlobo ezivamile kakhulu zezigodo zezihlahla zitholakala:
- igologo elimnyama,
- izingqungquthela ezinkulu nezincane,
- fir emnyama
- i-velvet ibonakele
- uphayini
- emabala.
Kubalulekile!
Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-barbel zingahlangana kahle - ososayensi bavame ukuqopha ukwenzeka kwama-nzalo, ngokwesibonelo, mating phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zohlobo lwe-Dorcadion (i-izimpande esidliwayo). Ngakho-ke inani labantu kulezi bugs landa njalo. Ngasikhathi sinye, umndeni we-barbel phakathi kwamabhungane ungomunye wokufundwa kakhulu.
Ukubukeka nosayizi we-barbel
Abamele umndeni we-barbel wehluke kakhulu futhi kwesinye isikhathi kuzoba nzima kochwepheshe ongeyena uchwepheshe ukuqagela ukuthi la mabhungane amabili ahlobene. I-Barbel ingahluka ngombala, ubukhulu nobukhulu, ubukhona noma ukungabikho kwama-spikes kanye nama-tubercles. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-barbel iyindawo evundile yocwaningo nokuqoqwa kwabangenayo. Ubungako be-barbel buvame kakhulu buphakathi nobuncane, kepha abantu abakhulu bayatholakala. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
- i-lumberjack-titanium (16-16 cm.),
- ukhuni oludonsa ngamatshe amakhulu (16 cm.),
- i-barbel Xixuthrus heros (15 cm.),
- I-Ussuri relic barbel (11 cm.) - ibhungane elikhulu kunazo zonke eRussia,
- umbazi we-barbel (6 cm.) - Omkhulu kunabo bonke ku-barbel waseYurophu.
Umbala we-barbel ushaya ngokuhlukahluka kwawo, ngaphezu kwalokho, zombili i-chitin uqobo nezinwele ezitholakala emzimbeni zingafakwa imibala - kwesinye isikhathi le mibala ayihambelani. Umbala, ngisho naphakathi kohlobo olulodwa, ushintsha ngokukhululeka usuka ophuzi ophuzi futhi uze ube mhlophe uye kumnyama, izithunzi zensimbi zivame ukutholakala. Akuyona into engajwayelekile nge-barbel nokudweba emzimbeni, eyenziwe ngezinto ezibizwa ngokuthi amabhandishi, amabala nemivimbo.
Ungahlukanisa isigaxa sowesilisa ngombala waso, isisu esikhombe, izimpondo zangaphansi eziphakeme kanye nemihlathi engenhla, kepha ubukhulu baphansi bhungwane ngeke bakwazi ukusho usayizi.
Isakhiwo se-Barbel - kusuka amadevu kuya ema-paws
Umzimba webhungane le-barbel liqukethe:
- Izinhloko. Kungaba sobukhulu nobukhulu nangaphakathi, kube nemihlathi yangaphambili ekhule ngokuqinile. I-barbel inezinhlobo ezimbili zamakhanda: ngokuthambekela phambili noma phansi. Amehlo ayicijithi, abekwe ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Kwezinye izingodo, zihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili kangangokuba kubukeka sengathi i-barbel inamabili amabili wamehlo. I-Antenna etholakala phakathi kwamehlo, ebunzini.
- Usikov. Ngokuvamile zilula kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi i-scaly noma i-serrate. Kuqukethe izingxenye kusuka ku-15 kuye ku-31. Njengomthetho, izimpondo zinezikhathi eziphindwe izikhathi ezi-4 kunozonke umzimba.
- Amabele Siqukethe izingcezwana ezintathu - eyokuqala yazo iyona ithuthukiswe kakhulu. Ngokulandelana, emuva kuhlukaniswe izingxenye ezintathu. Ngokuzibonayo qaphela ukuthi i-barbel ingakwazi kuphela ukuthi i-pronotum - izingxenye ezisele zifihlwe ngamaphiko.
- I-Elytra nezimpiko. Cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-barbel zingaqhosha ngamaphiko kanye ne-elytra ekhule kahle. Kepha kunezinhlobo ezilahlekelwe amandla okundiza. Ukundindizela kwamapulangwe kuhamba kancane futhi kusindayo, izinhlobo ezithile kuphela ezikwazi ukuhamba izindiza kalula futhi zisheshe.
- Izimbotshana. Ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezinhlanu: i-coxa, trochanter, amathanga, i-tibia, kanye nezingxenye zemilenze. Izimbotshana zokuqala zamabhutshana yilezi ezimfushane, kanti ezokugcina zinde kunabo bonke, kepha kwezinye izinhlobo izimbotshana ezingaphambili zingaba zinde kaningana kunomzimba wamabhungane.
- Isisu Isisu sithambile, siqukethe izingxenye ezinhlanu. Abesifazane bavame ukuba mkhulu kunabesilisa.
Kwi-barbel enkulu yomuntu ngamunye etholakala ezindlini, ungabona kalula zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla.
Izibungu ze-Barbel
Ukukhiqiza kabusha nokukhulisa amabhungane ama-longhorn, ngaphandle kokuhluka kwezinhlobo zazo, kuyafana emaqenjini ahlukene. I-barbel ngayinye ihamba ngezigaba ezine zokuphila kwayo:
Njengomthetho, insikazi ibekela amaqanda izinkuni: emifantwini yezinkuni, ngaphezulu kwegxolo noma ngokugaya izimbobo ezikhethekile zalokhu, esemboza, yakha ukudla okuyi-larva yesikhathi esizayo, ngezikhathi ezithile ukubeka kungenzeka otshanini, enhlabathini noma kumakhowe. Umuntu okhipha izingodo udla ngokuchitha isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwakhe nge-isibungu, futhi ukhethwa ngaphezu komzimba nokufa. Amaduna aqandula ngaphambili kunabesifazane izinsukwana, nawo afa phambilini (ukukhula kwawo). Insikazi ihlala kuze kube yilapho kubekwa amaqanda, angakwazi ukwelula izinyanga eziningi, sekuphelile.
Umbono wesazi:
Imibandela yokuqhanyelwa nokukhula izibungu zihlobene ngqo nobukhulu bomuntu osekhulile wesikhathi esizayo, kanye nezimo zemvelo ezakheka kuzo. Uma izibungu zingakutholi umsoco odingekayo ngesikhathi sokukhula kwawo, awufi, kodwa uguqulwa ube ibhungane elifiphele. Kungahle kube yingxenye efana nokujwayelekile. Ama-barbel amancane afinyelela ekufakweni konyaka, kepha ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu le nqubo ingahlala iminyaka engama-20.
Harm barbel emvelweni nasemakhaya
Ukuthuthukiswa kwesibungu, ngokwemvelo emvelweni, endlini kungaphenduka inhlekelele yangempela: izinhlobo ze-barbel ezihlala ngokhuni olomile, ngokufanayo, ziyehluka ngokuphila isikhathi eside. Izibungu zingakhula ifenisha kuze kube yiminyaka emi-5, zigaye isihlahla kuze kube yilapho uwoyela uthambile. Kunezimo lapho imigqomo igaya yonke imigoqo yezindlu zamapulangwe.
Kungenzeka ukuthi unqume ukuthi ngabe kukhona i-barbel kwifenisha, hhayi kuphela ngezigxobo eziyindilinga eyindilinga-ehambisa ezenzelwe zona izibungu ngokwayo, kepha nangomsindo! Impela, uma ulalele ebusuku, ungabamba ukuvuthwa nokukhishwa kwesimilo. Le misindo ye-barbel yenziwa lapho imilenze yangemuva ishushuluzwa komunye nomunye noma egobolondweni. Emvelweni yemvelo, iqhubu lesigaxa senzelwe ukwesabisa izinyamazane nezihlobo ezixwayisayo ngengozi. Ekhaya, i-creaking, kunalokho, ingadonsela ukunaka okungafuneki ku-barbel: umnikazi wendlu kufanele acabange ngokusebenza kwezinkuni kusuka ezinambuzaneni.
I-Barbel iyingxenye yesimo semvelo, kepha, kwesinye isikhathi zingaletha omkhulu umonakalo. Ngakho-ke, i-barbel yase-Asia ibhekwa njengesihlava sangempela samahlathi eYurophu, eNyakatho Melika naseCanada. Izinambuzane azigcini nje ukwenza izihlahla zenze buthaka, ziholele ekuweni, kodwa futhi zilethe izibungu nezinhlume zesikhunta, okudala izifo zezihlahla. Naphezu kwayo yonke imizamo yososayensi yokuthola indlela ye-biocontrol (inkinga ye-barbel endaweni yemvelo iminyaka engaphansi kwengu-30), kuze kube manje indlela ephumelela kakhulu isekhona. Ekhaya, ngenhlanhla, ukubhekana ne-barbel kulula kakhulu.
Izinhlobo zamabhungane we-barbel
Amabhungane e-Barbel ahlala emhlabeni wonke, isibalo esikhulu semindeni yawo singabhekelwa lapho kukhula khona izinhlobo eziningi zezihlahla zezitshalo. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane zalezi zinambuzane zitholakala e-USA, eRussia - ezingaphezu kuka-580, e-Ukraine - zifinyelela kuma-300. Abamele kakhulu yilezi:
- Izikhuni
- Izinyo laseBrazil,
- Isiphazamisi sendlu emnyama
- Isihlobo se-Ussuri barbel.
Uma ubheka izithombe zezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zalezi zinambuzane, singaphetha ngokuthi ziyafana, zihlukile ngombala, izitho zomzimba nosayizi. Futhi, abanye abamele ababhungane bamagxolo banezithelo eziphuma ngaphandle, amashubhu noma iziponji.
Beetle ligsjack barbel
Ibhungane le-titanium lumberjack lingelohlu lwe-barbel enkulu kunazo zonke. Le yizinhlobo ezifundwe kakhulu, ezifakwe ku-Red Book. Usayizi omkhulu walaba bantu abatholakala emvelweni ufinyelele ku-220 mm. Kodwa-ke, isilinganiso se-lumberjack sincane. Izinambuzane zihlala ezindaweni zamazwe aseNingizimu Melika (iPeru, iVenezuela, iColombia, i-Ecuador), ikakhulukazi e-Amazon.
Lolu hlobo lwebhungane le-barbel lithakazelisa ngokukhethekile kubaqoqi ngenxa yokubukeka kwalo okuphawulekayo. Umzimba unsundu, umnyama, mhlophe noma unesiliva ngombala, kuye ngokuthi uhlala kuphi. Ikhophi elomile libiza cishe ama- $ 1,000.
Uma uthatha i-coleoptera ezandleni zayo, uqala ukugwinya, lokhu kungenxa yokufiphala kwendawo eqinile yesifuba ibambene nezimbambo. Ama-Lumberjacks ahlala ezimpondweni naseziqongweni zezihlahla ezingaphili, ngaphansi kwengqimba yamahlamvu. Basuka endaweni yokukhosela ebusuku. Abesilisa balezinhlobo bathanda ukuhlela ukulwa ngesikhathi sokuzala sowesifazane. AmaLumberjacks andiza kahle. Kodwa-ke, lapho kukhula ibhungane, kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuba lisuke lihambe.
UBrownie omnyama bhungane
Isinambuzane sasekhaya esinombala omnyama noma onsundu esinomzimba owenziwe isicaba embozwe ngemabhulana amancane grey sinosayizi ukusuka ku-70 kuye kuma-250 mm. Ikhanda lesigaxa sasekhaya lifana nesihlangu esiminyene esisebusweni lapho ukubhoboza kubonakala khona. Amadevu aminyene akhula aze afike phakathi komzimba wakhe. Ama-Elytra anezikhonkwane ezihlanganayo, ezisontekile, ezinamabala ansundu noma amhlophe.
Isiphazamisi sendlu emnyama sitholakala kuphela ngokhuni (uphayini, i-spruce, i-larch), osekucutshunguliwe. Izakhiwo zokuhlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophezulu kanye nesimo sezulu esifudumele - izindawo ezisogwini - ziyahlaselwa. Kaningi zitholakala emazweni aseBaltic, e-Ukraine.
Izifundo ezahlukahlukene kanye nokuqashelwa kwaleli bhungane elingena ezindlini ezimnyama libonisa ukuthi izinambuzane zikhetha izingodo ezithintwe ukhunta oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka endaweni yazo. Inambuzane iqala ngemishayo yokhuni, ama-sill e-windows, kuma-rafter, ozimele wewindi naseminyango.
I-fly flyer indiza ngokushesha futhi kalula ihamba indlu ngendlu, ngakho-ke uma inkathazo ilinyazwa endlini yangomakhelwane, udinga ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela ikhaya lakho. Futhi, ibhungane le-barbel lingalimaza umugqa wokudlulisela uma litholakala endaweni eyihlathi. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ibhungane elimnyama lilimaza ifenisha yasekhaya kuphela uma kungenzeka ukuthi likhiqizwe kakhulu.
Incazelo eningilizayo yesinambuzane esiyingozi
Kaningi, amabhungane e-barbel abizwa ngokuthi ama-lumberjacks, ngoba angaphenduka iziqu zemithi yezihlahla ezinamandla noma izihlahlana. Uma izinambuzane ziqala endlini kusuka endlini eyenziwe ngamapulangwe, kufanele ususe ngokushesha. Cabanga ukuthi ibukeka kanjani le “pest”
- Iningi labantu likhula lifinyelele ku-3 cm ubude, yize kukhona ama-giants.
- Umzimba uphakeme, umbozwe ngophiko lwamaphiko amnyama noma ansundu. Abamele abantu abadala bezimbungulu ze-barbel bayakwazi ukundiza amabanga amade.
- Inzuzo ekhethekile imihlathi. Ngenxa yamandla abo, lesi sinambuzane sigaya kalula izinkuni, siguqulwe sibe yimpuphu.
- Ikhadi lebhizinisi - amadevu. Kwezinye izinhlobo, ubude bawo buphindwe ka-4 ubukhulu besinambuzane ngokwaso.
Ibhungane le-barbel elivezwe esithombeni linikeza isithombe esiphelele salesi sinambuzane. Uma uyicabangela ngokucophelela futhi ukhumbula izici eziyinhloko, kuzoba lula ukubhekana nayo. Futhi lokho kusho ukwazi ebusweni besitha sakho. Ubhungane obukhulu obukhulu buphawuleka ngokukhethekile:
- I-Lumberjack-titanium ikhula ibe yi-16 cm ubude.
- Izinyo elikhulu laseBrazil lingafinyelela ku-17 cm ubude.
- Ussuri relic barbel - cishe 11 cm.
- Umbala omnyama wezinambuzane u-4 cm kuphela.
Njengoba kungabonakala ezithombeni ezikhonjisiwe, amabhungane e-barbel anesakhiwo somzimba esihlukile, umbala kanye nokuklama kwe-elytra. Abanye babo baziqhayisa ngezikhala ezinamandla, ukuphuma okuthe xaxa noma amashubhu ebusweni ngemuva.
Akunandaba ukuthi bug ibukeka kangakanani, udinga ukuyikhipha masinyane.
Ama-regic taiga mabhungane we-barbel
I-Giant relic barbel yisinambuzane esiyingqayizivele esibhalwe ku-Red Book, njengoba inani labo liyancipha ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi. E-fauna yase-Eurasia akukho zinambuzane ezikhudlwana kunebhungane le-taiga. Akuvamile ukuba zibonakale eTrimorsky Territory, e-Amur, e-Khabarovsk Territory, ePeninsula yaseKorea, kanye nasenyakatho ne-mpumalanga yeChina.
Indawo abayithandayo yokuhlala kwabo amahlathi abanzi. Ubuye uColeoptera aqale ukundiza ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kuze kube uSepthemba. Ukudla kwabo okuyinhloko yijusi yezihlahla neziqu zemithi. Abesifazane abaningi abavamile kunabesilisa.
Kufihliwe emehlweni obukhona
Indawo yokuhlala yezimbungulu ze-barbel ivame ukufihlwa emehlweni abantu. Izinambuzane zihlala futhi zizale ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene, into esemqoka ukuba khona kwezinkuni. Imvamisa ikhaya labo liba:
- iziqu zezihlahla,
- izihlahlana
- izitshalo herbaceous
- izindlu zabantu ezenziwe ngokhuni.
Insikazi ifaka amaqanda ezindlekeni ezincane ekhonkolweni zezihlahla ezinde, ukufakelwa amahlumela amancane noma iziqu ze-shrub. Imvamisa ngokwabo uqobo benza lezi zikhalazo zokuxazululwa.
Ngosizo lomhlathi oqinile, insikazi yenza ukudangala ehlathini futhi ibekele amaqanda angaba ngu-300. Emasontweni ambalwa kamuva, izibungu ezihlala iminyaka engaba ngu-17 ziphuma kuzo. Izazi zebhayoloji zithi ngalesi sikhathi zingenza umhubhe ongamakhilomitha angama-40 ubude esiqwini noma ngokhuni. Futhi bazophuma endaweni yabo kuphela ngesimo sesinambuzane esidala. Ngakho-ke, izibungu zenza buthaka izihlahla ezineminyaka yobudala, ezigcina zife.
Umjikelezo wempilo nokudla kwezimbungulu ze-barbel
Ibhungane le-barbel linomjikelezo wokuphila weminyaka eyi-1 kuye kwayi-2, kuya ngezinhlobo zezilwane. Ngalesi sikhathi badlula ngezigaba eziningana:
Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ngaphezu kwe-cortex noma i-substrate lapho ihlala khona. Lawa-masonry abizwa ngokuthi wukuzenzekelayo, ngoba lesi sinambuzane asikhathaleli ikakhulukazi inzalo. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izinhlobo ze-barbel zivikela ngokucophelela amaqanda azo.
Ukukhula kwezibungu kwenzeka ngaphakathi kwezinkuni, otshanini, amahlumela ezitshalo, kulesi sikhathi nje zidla amagxolo. Kuyo yonke inkathi yehlobo, izibungu zilungiselela indawo yokukhosela ehlathini, ngokufukula izindiza ezingaphakathi ezweni. Abesilisa bavele ngaphambi kwabesifazane bafa isikhathi esithile ngemuva kokuphasa. Izinsikazi ziphila zize zizalele amaqanda. Ngokwesilinganiso, lesi sikhathi sithatha izinyanga ezintathu.
Izimbungulu ze-Barbel zingahlala esigabeni se-lazval iminyaka engu-17, phakathi nesikhathi lapho zishayela amakhilomitha emhubheni ngobukhulu bezinkuni. Ziza phezulu kuphela lapho ziphenduka amabhungane.
Ukondliwa kwezinambuzane ze-barbel kuncike ngokuphelele endaweni yazo yokuhlala. Isibonelo, ama-ligsjacks ahlala endaweni yehlathi nokudla kwawo okuyinhloko:
Ukudla okunjalo kunomthelela ekukhuleni okugcwele kobulili kwezinambuzane. Ibhungane le-barbel black House londla kakhulu ngokhuni, ngoba lihlala ezakhiweni zokuhlala, ngenkathi lilimaza impahla yomuntu.
Ukudla koqobo
Okudingwa yisichizi se-barbel, kuyamangaza ngempela abantu bangaphandle. Okuningi kuya ngohlobo nendawo yokuhlala kwalesi sinambuzane. Isibonelo, abakwaLumberjack bathanda ukudla ngezinaliti zikaphayini, kanti ibhungane leBark lithanda amagatsha amancane. Ngokuvamile, ukudla kwakhe, ngaphezu kwezinkuni, kuqukethe lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- imbali imbali
- amaqabunga
- ukukhonkotha.
Futhi uma ibhungane le-barbel elimnyama lingena endlini, imenyu yalo iyangezelelwa:
- imishayo ye-attic
- ozimele wewindi
- izindonga zophahla
- ukuhlukaniswa okuhlukahlukene okwenziwe ngokhuni,
- phansi.
Kuyesabeka ngisho ukucabanga ukuthi indlu enabahlali abanjena ingaphenduka ini. Ngokuvamile, kulapho lapho kuphawulwa khona ingozi yebhungane le-barbel kubantu. Zonke ezinye izinambuzane zibangela ukumamatheka nokuhlonishwa ngokubukeka kwawo okuhle.
Ezinye izinhlobo zamabhungane e-barbel zidla emgqonyeni we-secement wesihlahla. "I-Titan" ye-barbel yenza ngaphandle kokudla. Ngakho-ke, akufanele uchithe zonke izinambuzane nge-amadevu amade ngokulandelana.
Izindlela Zokuphathwa Kwezinambuzane Ezincane
Imvamisa, izinambuzane zingena endlini kanye nezinto zokwakha zokhuni. Nondescript, cishe amabhungane acishe angabonakali adonsela ukunaka kwabantu abagxile emsebenzini. Ngakho-ke, amanye amathiphu azokusiza uqaphele isitha esibi kakhulu ngaphambi kokuthi iqale ukwenza into:
- Ukuqhekeka okungajwayelekile kwezinkuni ngesikhathi sasemini kukhombisa ukuthi ibhungane le-barbel selizinzile ngaphansi kwamagxolo esiqu esingcolile. Umsindo ebusuku ukhombisa ukuba khona kwezibungu esakhiweni sesihlahla esibunjiwe.
- Uma imigudu emincane egqokayo ibonakala ebusweni, lokhu kuyinkomba yomkhiqizo onegciwane.
- Amagxolo asuswa kalula ngaphandle kwesiqu sesiqu, okusho ukuthi amabhungane ayindawo ethile eduzane.
- Uthuli olunsundu noma ophuzi libonisa imithombo emikhulu yemibungu yezinambuzane ezondla kakhulu ngokhuni.
Ukuba khona kwalezi zibonakaliso kushukumisela isenzo esisheshayo. Kodwa ungasusa kanjani i-barbel bug futhi uvikele indlu ekulimaleni okungenakulungiswa? Isixazululo esifanelekile ukucutshungulwa kwezakhiwo zokwakha izinkuni ezinezinto ezikhethekile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, amabhungane azongena ngokukhululeka ekhaya elisha. Kodwa-ke, kwezinye izimo, abakhi bayehluleka ukwenza ukwelashwa okunjalo futhi isikhathi eside izinambuzane zihlala ezinhlakeni zezinkuni.
Ungahlola ubukhona be-barbel nge-screwdriver. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bhoboza ingaphezulu lesakhiwo sokhuni. Uma ingena ngokukhululeka, khona-ke izibungu ziyayiqeda kancane kancane.
Ukuqeda amabhungane e-barbel ezakhiweni zokhuni, kuyadingeka ukwenza imisebenzi elandelayo:
- ukuhlanza indawo enegciwane ngebhulashi,
- ukususa uthuli ngenkuni nge-vacuum cleaner,
- Ukulungiswa kwesibulala zinambuzane, ngokuya ngemiyalo enikeziwe,
- ukucutshungulwa koshukela abahlukahlukene, imifantu noma izimbobo kusakhiwo sokhuni usebenzisa isibhamu sokufafaza.
Ukuqinisekisa umphumela ngokuphelele wamakhemikhali, igumbi livalelwe ngokuphelele amahora ama-3. Ngemuva kwalesi sikhathi, qiniseka ukuthi ukhipha umoya okungenani amahora ayi-6.
Lapho usebenza ngamakhemikhali, gqoka izingubo zokuzivikela, izimbotshana zokuphefumula nezokuphefumula.
I-larvae ne-pupae ye-barbel beetle
Izibungu zamabhungane amhlophe qwa noma zibomvu, zithambile, esikhundleni sezitho zinebalo, ngosizo lwazo elihamba laphaya ebusweni. Izibungu ze-ligsjack zinombala ophuzi onamabala, ikhanda limnyama, kubantu abahlala otshanini neziqu zezitshalo umzimba ubude bunjengesilinda, isihloko somzimba simbozwe izinwele.
Ngosizo lwemihlathi enamandla ne-sternum ekhule kahle, ugaya izinkuni kalula futhi adle ngokugcwele, ngoba amagxolo awagcini nje ngokuba ikhaya lakhe, kodwa futhi kungumthombo ophambili wokudla okunempilo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kusala udoti kuphela ekhaya lakhe, futhi kufanele azifunele indawo entsha.
Unamandla amakhulu, ngosuku olulodwa uyakwazi ukwandisa isisindo siphindwe kabili kunesisindo sakhe. Ukuze uguqukele kubhungane eligcwele imifino, izibungu zidinga ukuthola isisindo esithile, lokhu kubalulekile ngoba ezinyangeni zokuqala ezingama-2-3 ehlobo, umuntu omdala akadli lutho, kodwa angadla amakhambi nezimbali zezitshalo.
Ekupheleni ekwindla, ukuqala kobusika, izibungu zemidumba, bese kuthi entwasahlobo ziphenduke i-barbel endala. Kodwa-ke, labo abahlala ekujuleni okukhulu kwesihlahla, futhi bavikelekile ngokweqile, bangaba kulesi sigaba amashumishumi eminyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi baqhuba imigudu efinyelela ku-50 km. Ngokwesilinganiso, angadla izinkuni ezifika ku-3 cm ngosuku.
Isikhathi se-pupa yamahhala ku-barbel beetle sithatha izinsuku ezingama-40. Kulesi sigaba, umbala womzimba uya uba ophuzi ngokwengeziwe, izingxenye zomzimba webhungane labantu abadala ziyavela. Izibambo zamaphiko, amadevu, izinyawo azikhiqizwanga, zimcindezelwa ngokuqinile kuphela emzimbeni we-pupa. Ikhanda lisondele eduze kwesifuba, kanti izintuthwane zigobile phakathi kwemilenze. Amaphayiphu amaningi ezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-barbel ane-spikes, ama-drags amafushane emzimbeni. I-pupation ivame ukwenzeka egunjini lama-larva elakhiwe ngaphambili. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhungane zifakwe ngale khamera ezindaweni ezihlukile (izinkuni, inhlabathi, isiqu).
Ingabe izimbungulu ze-barbel ziyandiza?
Njengoba amabhungane e-barbel makhulu, ukundiza kwawo kunzima. Ukuze uthathe isivinini futhi uthathe ngempumelelo ibhungane lamagxolo kufanele uchithe umzamo omkhulu. Kwenza umsindo omkhulu ngesikhathi sendiza. Abantu abancane bandiza kalula, futhi bangakwazi ukusheshisa ngokushesha okukhulu.
Isikhathi sokuqala kwendiza sincike emvelweni nasendaweni yesimo sezulu. I-Barbel eningizimu eseningizimu iqala ukundiza ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, iqembu eliphakathi nendawo - ngoJuni noJulayi. Kodwa-ke, abamele abahlala emazweni ase-Asia baqala ukundiza ekwindla. Iningi lama-baleen liyasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini, lindiza ngokuzithandela lapho kushisa, ingxenye esele ibashiya izindawo zokukhosela izindiza ebumnyameni. Ukundiza beya endaweni ngezindawo, bafuna ngentshiseko ukudla, futhi phakathi nosuku abaphumula ngalo ezindlini zabo zokukhosela. Amandla endiza ezinsikazi nabesilisa kuya ngohlobo lwebhungane le-barbel.
Iyini ingozi yamabhungane ama-longhorn?
Ibhungane le-barbel londla kuphela amagxolo nezitshalo, alilumi futhi alibeki bungozi empilweni yabantu, kepha ibhungane elinamagxolo libeka engcupheni enkulu impahla yalo. Ukuqothuka kusuka ku-chrysalis, ibhungane liya ngokuhlwitha indlela yalo yokuphuma, Ngakho-ke, isibonakaliso esiyinhloko sokuba khona kwesibulala-zinambuzane endlini ngothuli lwenkuni kanye ne-powder emhlophe ezakhiweni zokhuni. Izinkuni ezakhiwe ngamabhungane amabhungane zithambile, ungabona ukunyakaza kuwo, uma ufaka ibanga lommese kuwo, ungena kalula ngaphandle komzamo.
Ekuthuleni okugcwele ungezwa kukhithika, ngokuchofoza - lo ngumsindo wesiphaphama esivimbayo. Kodwa-ke, izibungu ze-barbel ziyingozi enkulu kunazo zonke esakhiweni sokuhlala, ngoba zihlala ekuqineni kwesihlahla, zisicekele phansi iminyaka eminingi zize ziphenduke umuntu omdala. Ngisho nangemva kokuba umuthi ufe ngokuphelele, izibungu zihlala kuwo iminyaka engafika kwengu-50, zidla ngaphakathi.
Indlela yokuqeda izinambuzane ze-barbel?
Njengoba sesibonile izimpawu zamabhungane asendlini, kufanelekile manje ukuqala ukulwa nawo. Kunezindlela eziningi zokubhubhisa amabhungane. Zonke zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu - ukuxhumana kanye nesisu.
Iqembu lokuqala lokulawulwa kwamabhungane okusho ukuthi lisebenza kuphela ngokusondelana nezinambuzane. Izindlela zesimanje ezisebenzayo zokuxazulula inkinga yokubulala izinambuzane "Clipper», «I-Antizhuk», «Umbuso 20», Into esebenzayo ethinta umsebenzi wokuzala wamabhungane, ayikwazi ukubeka amaqanda futhi ngaleyo ndlela ingamisa ukukhula kwenani lawo endlini. Izindlela zidinga ukugcwalisa imifantu, imifantu kanye nokugcwalisa ngeplastine. Ukungena emzimbeni we-beetle bark, umuthi uvimbela izinqubo ze-metabolic kuwo futhi inkathazo iyafa.
Ama-insecticides ancoma ukusetshenziswa ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa indlu yokhuni futhi uyisebenzise njengezindlela zokuvimbela unyaka nonyaka. Izidakamizwa zinobuthi, kumele zisetshenziswe ngokucophelela.
Iqembu lesibili lezindlela zamathumbu zokulawula ama-bushworms li isihlungu sokudoba. Baheha amabhungane, kepha uma sebezamile ngokushesha bafa.
Ukuvimbela
Ukuvikela indlu eyenziwe ngokhuni kubhungane barbel, izindlela zokuvimbela kubalulekile. Noma ngenkathi kwakhiwa, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngesithiyo ekuhlaselweni ngabasebenza ngamapulangwe. Kulokhu, amabhodi, imigoqo, imishayo, izitezi zephathwa ngezisombululo ze-antiseptic ezingqekweni eziningana. Kubalulekile ukwelapha izinkuni ezingakacolwa. Izakhiwo zokhuni esezihlaselwe seluphathwa ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo.
Umusi owomile
Izinkuni zasendlini kancane kancane zifudumala ngensimbi eyomile yokushisa I-80ºС, ngaleyo ndlela uyakhanywa bese izibungu ziyafa. Izinzuzo zendlela: ukwakheka nokubukeka kwesihlahla akuwohloka, ukhunta kanye nesikhunta kubhujiswa, akusishiyi iphunga elingathandeki, lingena kahle ezindaweni ezingafinyeleleki kalula, inqubo ayibizi. Okubi - ingozi yomlilo, ilungele kuphela ama-attics nama-attic.
Ukuhlanganisa
Ukwelashwa kwezakhiwo ngegesi enobuthi "Iphosphine»Indlela evamile yokuvikela isihlahla kubhungane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa iyunithi yomjovo womusi. Ingena kalula ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo esinegciwane, ibulala izibungu. Inzuzo yendlela ukuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, igesi ibola bese iba yingozi kubantu. Futhi akunamunyu. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, igumbi lingena umoya izinsuku ezimbili.
I-microwave irradiation
Indlela yesimanje yokulawula izinambuzane usebenzisa idivaysi ekhethekile ekhipha ama-microwave atshisa izinkuni. Esihlahleni esishisayo, izinambuzane ziyafa. Ukubulala amagciwane ama-microwave ezindaweni okungelula ukufinyelela kuzo kwenza umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu. Inzuzo yendlela ukuphepha kwayo okuphelele kokuqukethwe kanye nomzimba womuntu.
Ukuze uqaphele i-barbel isendlini ngesikhathi futhi uqale ukulwa okusebenzayo nayo, kuyadingeka kaningi ukuhlola izakhiwo zokhuni zesakhiwo sezimbobo nezendlu. Igumbi kufanele livuleke umoya omncane, ngoba umswakama owedlulele uyisibungu sezibungu.
Ungasusa kanjani umuntu osebenza ngokhuni ezindlini zamapulangwe
Njengama-parasites amaningi, ama-gerworms angalwa uqobo, ochwepheshe bangabelwa ukusebenza, noma ungazama ukuvimba ukubukeka kwalezi zinambuzane eziyingozi endaweni yakho. Into esemqoka akukhona ukwethuka lapho ubona izimbungulu ezingadalulwanga, kodwa ukwakha uhlelo lokulwa futhi wenze njengokusho kwalo.
Ukulwa kwe-Woodworker
Kuyacaca ukuthi emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka izindlu zokuhlala ngamapulangwe, abantu sebethuthukise izindlela zabo zokubhekana nezihlahla zamapulangwe. Zonke zinobunzima obukhulu futhi zisebenza kahle kuphela esiteji sokuqala sokusabalalisa amabhungane endlini. Uma ungakulungele ukubiza uchwepheshe ngesizathu esithile, bese usebenzisa elinye lala mathuluzi kusuka ku-grinder.
- hlanganisa i-turpentine neparafini esilinganisweni esingu-3: 1 bese ugcwalisa isirinji emigodini etholakele,
- hlanganisa u-100 g kaphethiloli no-10 g we-naphthalene, bese usebenzisa izinkuni ezithintekile ngebhulashi,
- uma isimo sezulu sivumela, cisha ukufudumeza bese ushiya indlu ibanda izinsuku eziningi,
- hlanza i-250 g ye-sodium fluoride ebhakedeni lamanzi futhi usebenze ebusweni bezinkuni ngebhulashi noma ibhulashi.
Ngeshwa, ayikho kulezi zindlela eqinisekisa ukunyamalala ngokuphelele kwamabhungane, uma nje kungenxa yokuthi ezinye zazo zihlala emishinini, ophahleni, kwizisekeli nakwezinye izindawo ezifihliwe emehlweni.
Imikhiqizo yobungcweti abaqeqeshiwe
Indlela ethembeke kunazo zonke yokulwa nezinambuzane ukubiza ukulawulwa kwezilokotho eziqeqeshiwe. Bazokwazi ukuhlola izinga lomonakalo ekhaya futhi bahlongoze enye yezindlela ezisebenzayo.
I-fogation - i-fumigation yokhuni ngamakhemikhali isebenzisa i-aerosol fog generator. Iyakhula masinyane, kepha ayingene ehlathini, futhi ngenxa yalokho ayibabulali bonke amabhungane.
Ukuqina - ukuphathwa kwamakamelo nge-phosphorous hydrogen usebenzisa i-generog ebandayo noma eshisayo yenkungu. Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa, kuyadingeka ukufeza umoya omncane (kufika ezinsukwini ezi-2), noma kunjalo, umphumela omkhulu.
I-Douching inqubo ethatha isikhathi yokumba imbobo ngokhuni olimele nokufaka ubuthi lapho. Isebenza kuphela uma izimbungulu zishaya indawo encane yendlu.
Umusi owomile - ukushisa kancane kancane kwezinkuni kuya ku-90 ° C, okuholela ekufeni kwamabhungane nezibungu zawo. Indlela engabizi kakhulu engadingi i-airing futhi isheshe (amahora angama-6-8), kodwa ingozi yomlilo.
Ukucutshungulwa kwe-microwave - izinkuni ezifudumeza lokushisa lokufa kwamabhungane nenzalo yazo. Akunangozi kubantu, ngokushesha, kepha kudinga ukusetshenziswa kwemishini ebizayo.
Ukwelashwa kwezinambuzane - ukusetshenziswa kwezinkuni zama-aerosols kanye ne-emulsions, okubulalayo ngenxa yamabhungane nezibungu, kodwa kunephunga elithandekayo kubo. Akuthinti amaqanda amabhungane, kudinga ukubanjwa okuphindaphindiwe.
Yebo, ukuzwa isimilo esithi "umkhaza" ekhaya lakho akukuhle kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, akekho ophephile kulokhu, futhi uma ukhetha izindlu zokhuni, ngakho-ke ungakhohlwa ngezindlela zokuvimbela futhi njalo ube nekhadi lebhizinisi nefoni yesikhungo sokulawula izinambuzane esiseduze.
Ungasusa kanjani ibhungane le-barbel ngamakhemikhali
Uma izimbungulu ze-barbel zitholakala endlini, kumele zithathwe ngokushesha izinyathelo zokuzibhubhisa. Ukuze izinkuni zisebenze isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka, kumele zicutshungulwe ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakhiwa kwendlu. Njengomthetho, basebenzisa indlela ye-fumigation, esekelwe kugesi we-phosphine. Uma umuthi ungakacutshungulwa, amabhungane ngokuqinisekile azovela. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele wenze uchungechunge lwezenzo.
- Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukubheka izinga lokulimala kwezinkuni. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha i-screwdriver futhi ngayo udinga ukubhoboza isakhiwo sokhuni. Uma ithuluzi lingena kalula esihlahleni, khona-ke izakhiwo ezinjalo zingena esikhundleni esihle.
- Le miklamo lapho ibhungane ingakafinyeleli khona kufanele ilashwe ngoketshezi olukhethekile. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, izinhlaka zokhuni zihlanzwa ngebhulashi lensimbi, emva kwalokho lonke uthuli kanye nesihlahla sokhuni kufanele kususwe ngesicoci se-vacuum. Ngemuva kwalokhu, okuphezulu kuphathwa ngesezinambuzane. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, bonke abahlala kuyo bayakhululwa endaweni yokuhlala futhi amawindi nezicabha zivaliwe ngokuqinile.
- Ezimweni zokutheleleka kanzima, i-syringing iyenziwa. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, izimbobo zimbelwa esihlahleni sine-drill emincane, ngo-3 cm, kuthi kufakwe isixazululo se-insecticidal kubo besebenzisa isirinji.
Kukhona izidakamizwa eziningi emakethe yemikhiqizo yokulawulwa kwamakhemikhali yokuqothula zonke izinhlobo zezinambuzane. Ezimweni ezinjalo, kungcono ukukhetha uketshezi, ngoba lungangena ngesakhiwo sokhuni bese lubhubhisa izibungu lapho.
Yiziphi izinambuzane:
- Isenzo sokuxhumana. Izinambuzane nezibungu zazo zibulawa ngokuxhumana ne-ejenti yamakhemikhali. Lezi zimali azisetshenziswa kakhulu, ngoba uma usebenza nazo ungathola ubuthi.
- Isenzo sangaphakathi. Uma izinambuzane noma izibungu zingena emathunjini, into iholela ekufeni. Ngokwesisekelo sezinto ezinjalo, kwenziwa ibheyithi, okubandakanya isibulala-zinambuzane kanye nento enamakha, ukuheha izinambuzane.
- Ama-Fumigants. Zikhipha amagesi anobuthi ezinambuzaneni.
Ngokulwa namabhungane we-barbel ongawasebenzisa:
Imithetho yokusebenzisa ama-insecticides
Lapho usebenzisa ama-insecticides, kumele kulandelwe imithetho eminingana. Isibonelo:
- Ama-ejenti asalayo asetshenziswa phezulu kusetshenziswa izibhamu zokufafaza. Lezi zinto ziphephile cishe kubantu nakwizilwane ezifuywayo, ngakho-ke ungaphindela egumbini lingakapheli amahora ambalwa ngemuva kokwelashwa.
- Ukuphatha amabala ekufinyeleleni kanzima, basebenzisa indlela ehlukile. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izimbobo ziyadilizwa bese kutholakala into enobuthi endaweni enenkinga nge-tube elincanyana. Ngemuva kwalokho, umgodi ugcwaliswa nge-wax noma i-parafini. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, izinkuni ziboshwe ngomkhiqizo bese izibungu zizofa. Lokhu kwelashwa kudinga ukuthi indawo ihambe izinsuku eziningana.
- Uma izindonga zenziwe ngezindlu eziwugqinsi zamatshe, khona-ke kungcono ukusebenzisa ithuluzi elinjengeLignofix I-Profi. Imbobo igaywe ugongolo ngalunye, njalo ngamasentimitha amahlanu ukusuka phezulu kuya phansi noma okuphambene nalokho. Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa lifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1 Bese kuthathwa isirinji bese inambuzane ibiliswa emgodini ngamunye. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, lapho umkhiqizo ugxotshwa ukhuni, ukuhlinzwa kufanele kwenziwe kaningana. Ngemuva kokuphothula inqubo, izimbobo zivalwe nge-sealant.
- Lapho uthenga ikhambi lezimbungulu ze-barbel, udinga ukuqiniseka ukuthi ikhambi lizosiza, ngoba lihloselwe izinhloso ezinjalo.
Incazelo yezinambuzane
U-Kravchik ojwayelekile (Latin Lethrus apterus), noma uKravchik-golovach, uhlala emaqeleni nase
ihlathi lingena ngasentshonalanga kweDon. Imvamisa ibizwa nangokuthi ibhungane lezinhlamvu. Lesi isihlobo esisondelene saleli bhungane, siyingxenye yomndeni ofanayo wamabhungane obulongwe. Ubukhulu be-cracker buyi-15- 24 mm. Leli bhungane limnyama, licwebezela ngombala, ngesinye isikhathi linombala ogqamile, futhi ezimeni ezingamdabuki ezinobucwebe bethusi obuthuntu. Umaki wokuhlonza lesi sinambuzane yinhloko enkulu kakhulu (okuyilapho ibhungane ibizwa nangokuthi i-golovach) nama-mandibles amade aphezulu, lapho abesilisa benenqubo ezimbili ezinkulu ngezansi. Uma uthatha ibhungane ezandleni zakho, lapho-ke isongela ngokubabazekayo izisusa zayo, futhi abesilisa bavame ukusebenzisa izinqubo emihlathini emidlalweni yokuphephisa nokulwa. U-Elytra uxubene ndawonye futhi mfushane kakhulu. Leli bhungane alazi ukuthi lingandiza kanjani, ngoba amaphiko alo awakhiwa, kodwa imilenze yalo iqine kakhulu.
Ahlala kuphi ama-crazier?
Izihlahlami zivame ukutholakala ezigodini, emithambekeni yasesitimeleni nasemigwaqweni yesitimela, emigwaqweni.
Amabhungane ayaphawuleka azimbele wona imigodi ejulile. Kusebusika ngemisele, futhi zifinyelela phezulu maphakathi no-Mashi kuya kuJulayi. Iningi lezimbungulu liqhamuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Ngemuva kokuphuma ngaphandle, izimbungulu zizimba ngokwazo imisele yesikhashana yokujula ngamasentimitha ayi-15-20. Bakhwela kubo ebusuku nasebungozini, futhi ngezinsuku ezifudumele bafuna ngentshiseko ukudla.
Izici zokuzala nokukhula kwe-barbel yasezulwini
Ibha yezulu yehlukile ngoba iholela ekuhlaleni isikhathi sokuhlala phansi. Ingagqabhuka esihlahleni esifanayo ngezibungu iminyaka eminingana.
Abantu abadala bayasebenza ngesikhathi sosuku, isikhathi esiningi batholakala esikhathini kusuka emahoreni ayi-12 kuye kwayi-16. Iminyaka yezimbungulu idlula ukusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti.
Abadala baphila amasonto amabili kuphela. Ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphuma ku-chrysalis, bafuna abalingani bezokuphelisa.
Owesifazane ovundisiwe ubekela amaqanda ngaphansi kwamagxolo ezihlahla, eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye noma eqenjini elincane elilingana nezingcezu ezi-3-5. Ukhetha ukufihla amaqanda esiqwini se-maple eluhlaza owomile, okungajwayelekile ukuthi ama-Elm aseJapan. Izindunduma zitholakala ekuphakameni okungamamitha ayi-0,5 kuye kwayi-10. Ukuzala kwesigaxa sowesifazane osezulwini kungamaqanda angama-50-80
Amaqanda alula ngombala futhi abumbeke ngesimo. Ubude bawo buyi-3 mm nobubanzi obuyi-1 mm.
Amaviki angama-2-3 ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, izibungu. Zinombala okhanyayo nge-capile enekhanda elinsundu. I-pronotum inomucu obomvu nezinwele eziwugqinsi. I-larva icishe ibe ngu-3-3,5 cm.Amabele ambozwe ngemibimbi. Izibungu ziphila impilo yemfihlo. Bahlala ngokhuni, lapho babeka khona izindinyana ezinde ezisukela ku-6-9 mm ububanzi, bezihlanganisa nofulawa ocolekileyo. Azikhethiwe ngaphandle. Ngemuva kobusika obuthathu, izibungu ze-longhorn zakha imbeleko ukuzidonsa. Ukuphamba kwenzeka ngoJuni. Ubude be-pupa buyi-2-2.8 cm.
I-Sky barbel: ukubukeka nezimpawu
I-barbel yezulu yathola igama layo ngenxa yombala wayo: inezinwele eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-Sky Barbel, ukubukeka
I-barbel yezulu isiphazamiso esisezingeni eliphakathi, ubude baso bomzimba singamasentimitha angama-1.5-3,5. Inomzimba osicaba futhi ophakeme. Inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onamabala amnyama esihlathini, scutellum ne-expression.
Kwi-elytra yebhungane, kukhona imigqa emithathu yamabhandishi agqagqene ngobuningi: engenhla iyanqunyelwa, kanti maphakathi nangasemuva kuvaliwe.
Kwabesilisa, iziqeshana ezisukela kwesithathu kuya kweyesithupha, nakwabesifazane kwabesishiyagalombili, zimbozwe izinwele ezimnyama ezingqinile.
I-barbel ine-elytra enzima, amaphiko acashe ngaphansi kwabo. Amaphayi angodidi lokuhamba, aqukethe izingxenye ezinhlanu. Izinyawo zimnyama, kepha kunezindawo ezincane eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka: okhalweni nasemilenzeni. Izingalo ezisemuva zinde kakhulu kunangaphambili.
Ibhungane linamazinyo amade kunomzimba wawo. Anombala onsundu onsundu. Esisekelo se-antennae kunamehlo ayinkimbinkimbi abunjiwe wesimo esinqunyiwe.
Izinambuzane azizange ziveze i-dimorphism yezocansi: kwabesilisa nabesilisa, isitho sangasese sibonisa ukwedlula ukuphela kwesisu.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Naphezu kwemihlathi enamandla enamandla yokugedla ipensela, ukulunywa yisicubu akuyona ingozi kubantu. Akakwazi ukumlimaza kakhulu.
- Ubhungane olusakhula, noma usayizi omkhulu, ludla kancane. Kwesinye isikhathi uphila kuphela ngenxa yamasheya aseqoqene njengezibungu. Izinsikazi zondla ngaphezu kwabesilisa ukuqinisekisa ukuvuthwa kweqanda okujwayelekile.
- Ensimini yayo, insikazi imvamisa ayinazimbangi. Ufihla i-pheromone ekhethekile eheha abesilisa, bese ethusa ezinye izinsikazi.
- Ubhungane olukhulile luhlala isizini eyodwa ehlobo, ubuningi bezinyanga ezingama-2-3, kanti isibungu sikhulu kakhulu, iminyaka, ezinhlotsheni ngazinye kuze kufinyelele eminyakeni eyi-10.
- Ezinye izazi zekusasa zibikezela ukuthi ngokuzayo sizodla izinkuni. Uma utadisha futhi usebenzise uhlelo lokugaya lo bhungane we-barbel, kungenzeka ukwenza lokhu. Amathumbu akhe afakelwe amagciwane akhethekile acubungula i-cellulose kuma-carbohydrate angagaya ukudla kalula. Izikhathi ezithile, izibungu zisebenza la mabhaktheriya, zithola kuwo izakhi zomzimba ezengeziwe. Umkhiqizo ngaphandle kwemfucuza.
- Kungabonakala kuyinqaba, kepha hhayi izimvemvane nezinyosi, okungukuthi ibhungane le-barbel lixhunyaniswe ngokungenantambo nezitshalo eziqhakazayo. Bachitha iningi lempilo yabo emifushane ezimbali. Futhi ngenxa yobukhulu bawo baphakamisa impova endaweni enkulu. Ngenxa yokuthandwa kwakhe ukunambitheka, ezinye izitshalo zasinda futhi zasinda emvelweni.
Izimbungulu ezinjalo zibizwa nangokuthi i-barbel. Umndeni wegama elifanayo, ababalwe kulo, njengoba kwenzeka kaningi ngezinambuzane, mkhulu kakhulu futhi unezinhlobo ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili.
Amalungu ayo ahlukene ngosayizi, umbala, nezinye izici zokubukeka nokuziphatha. Osayizi bezimbungulu ezinjalo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. Imifanekiso emincane kakhulu ifinyelela emvelweni.
Ubude bomzimba wabo ngokuvamile abudluli kuma-30 mm. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezinkulu ziyatholakala. Phakathi kwazo, umuntu ngamunye kufanele akhulunywe ikakhulukazi.
Izinhlobo zama-ligsjacks zingahluka ngosayizi womzimba nombala.
I-beetle lumberjack titanium ifakwe kahle ohlwini lwezilokazane ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kunezimo lapho lezi zidalwa zikhula zaba ngamasentimitha angama-22. Kuliqiniso, inqwaba yezidalwa ezinje incane kancane.
Baqala kakhulu ezingxenyeni zaseNingizimu Melika. Lezi zidalwa ziphawuleka kakhulu kangangokuba abaqoqi bazizingela ngokweqile, zinikela ngamanani erekhodi lemifanekiso emihle ehehayo.
Kuliqiniso, ukuthola nokubamba izimbungulu ezinjalo kungenzeka kuphela ebusuku. Kwakungalesi sikhathi lapho beshiya izindawo zabo zokukhosela, ezibekwe ezigodini ezibolile neziqu noma ngaphansi kwezingqimba zamaqabunga owomile ukuthatha uhambo. Bayakwazi ukundiza, futhi abesilisa balezi zinambuzane badume ngokulwa namabhungane esifazane ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Kodwa-ke, sonke isikhathi esiyizidalwa ezinokuthula kakhulu futhi azinangozi ngokuphelele.
I-Titanium yibhungane elikhulu kunazo zonke hhayi emndenini wamapulangwe, kodwa futhi naphakathi kwamabhungane emhlabeni.
I-Lumberjack yisakhamuzi saseBrazil. Usayizi wamabhungane anjalo mhlawumbe awekho ngaphasi kwalokho kohlobo lwangaphambilini, mhlawumbe okuncane nje. Kukholelwa ukuthi izidalwa ezinjalo azikashintshi kakhulu eminyakeni eyizigidi edlule.
Banomzimba osicaba, obanzi, ombozwe ngesikhumba esinsundu. Izimpondo zalesi sidalwa, ngokungafani nezinye izihlobo, zincane. U-Elytra uhlotshiswe ngephethini elibi.
Lesi sinambuzane saziwa ngokukhethekile ngama-mandibles aso enziwe ngophondo, lapho izidalwa ezinjalo zithole isidlaliso sophondo lwenyamazane. Kodwa-ke, sicacisa ukuthi lokhu akuyona izimpondo nhlobo, kodwa ngamadivayisi wokugaya izinhlobo eziqinile zokudla ngamazinyo.
Izinyoka ezinkulu zinjengezimpondo zezimbungulu
Ibhungane lombazi libhekwa njengelikhulu kunawo wonke endaweni yaseYurophu futhi lifinyelela osayizi abangama-6 cm. Kubhekwa njengesinambuzane esinobungozi emabhilidini enziwe ngokhuni nangama-conifers. Kepha ngenxa yokugawulwa kwamahlathi, izidalwa ezinje ngokwazo zazisosizini.
Ngalesi sizathu, izinhlobo zezilwane kuthiwa azinqabile futhi manje, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zazo ezinyanyekayo, izinyathelo zithathwa ukuvikela lezi zidalwa.
I-Ussuri relic barbel evela emndenini wayo iyisibonelo esikhulu kunazo zonke esihlala eRussia Federation (ikakhulukazi izinambuzane ezinjalo zitholakala eMpumalanga Ekude). Ibhungane linobude obucishe bube ngama-11 cm. Nalo futhi, njengezinhlobo zangaphambilini, lithathwa njengejwayelekile futhi livikelekile.
Gwema izinhlobo ezivikelekile zokhuni ezivikelekile
Kwabamele lo mndeni nakho kungahlukaniswa, yize kungenjalo ngobukhulu, kodwa nokho kubamele kakhulu. Zonke zinezici ezigqamile zomuntu ngamunye. Futhi kunengqondo ukusho ngokuqondile ezimbili ezilandelayo.
I-Alpine barbel inobude obungama-25 mm kuphela, kepha ivelele phakathi kwezihlobo zayo ngokubukeka okucwengekile. Izimbungulu ezinjalo zinhle impela. Imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma ekhanyayo yemvunulo yabo yemvelo ihlanganiswe nemivimbo emnyama ecocekile emzimbeni.
Umbala ofanayo unezimpondo ezinde. Lesi bug sihlala eNtshonalanga Yurophu, sitholakala eMiddle East, kanti futhi sivamile eKazakhstan naseGeorgia nakwamanye amazwe akwamakhelwane.
I-Alpine barbel inombala omuhle hhayi womzimba kuphela kodwa ne-antennae
Ubumnyama bendlu enamapulangwe ngosayizi, ikakhulukazi uma uqhathanisa nalokhu okungenhla, kuyindlela encane encane. Ngokwesilinganiso, inosayizi abacishe babe ngu-14 mm. E-Yurobhu, lesi sinambuzane sesisakaze kabanzi kakhulu kunakuqala, sabuye salethwa nakwamanye amazwekazi.
Lesi sinambuzane sithathwa njengesinambuzane esinobungozi futhi esibhubhisa amahlathi enziwe ngokhuni. Kungashiya ngisho nezibungu zayo emijondolo yezigxobo ze-telegraph, okunomthelela ekubhujisweni kwabo.