Umbuzo wokuthi ungazondla kanjani izinhlanzi zika-crayfish lapho zizalela ekhaya ngumzuzu obaluleke kakhulu wokulungiswa kwazo ngempumelelo kanye nenzuzo, uma sikhuluma ngebhizinisi. Ukuhambisana nemithetho elula nerejimeni kuzosiza izilwane zakho ezifuywayo ukuba ziphilile futhi zisebenze, okusho ukuthi zikhula ngokushesha futhi zanda kahle.
Ukuze unqume ngokunembile ukuthi yini udlakudla odla, yikuphi ukudla okukuhle kubo, nokuthi yikuphi okuphambene nalokho okungalimaza kakhulu, kufanele wazi ukuthi badlani nokuthi bahola hlobo luni lwempilo.
I-crayfish, noma kwesinye isikhathi ivela ngaphezulu noma ibuye ibuyele ogwini, kepha, nokho, ichitha iningi lempilo yayo ezansi kwerebi, ngenxa yalokho ukudla kwayo kuqukethe engakuthola lapho. Banomqondo omnandi wokuhogela (iphunga alikwazi ukuhogela nje kuphela, kepha futhi lihlukanise nebanga elihle), umbono omuhle kakhulu. Noma ekhaya, ungazama. UCrayfish uhlukanisa imibala, unaka okuthile okubomvu, uthathe ucezu lwenyama ngaphandle kokuthandabuza.
Inhlanzi ebolile inephunga elinamandla futhi i-crayfish iyakwazi ukuyibona ibanga elide - inhlanzi ebolile iyintandokazi yama cr craceans. Uma inhlanzi efile ingena emanzini, khona-ke iningi lomdlavuza libuthana eduze kwalo, elingaziphatha ngolaka. Imvama yokulwa nabanqobayo, kunjalo, abantu abakhulu kakhulu baphuma, abancane baneliswa okungenani okusele.
Ukudla komdlavuza kuhlukile futhi ngentokozo enkulu ukuthi kudla ukudla kwezitshalo nemvelaphi yezilwane. Udla konke akubonayo. Kwezitshalo, lezo eziqukethe lime zilusizo ikakhulukazi ngoba kuyadingeka ekwakheni igobolondo eliqinile. Okuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kwalesi sici ngamahlamvu neziqu:
- uphondo
- Elodei
- char izinhlobo, njll.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi amakhrayoni akwazi ukufinyelela kulezi zitshalo lapho encibilika, kubandakanya nasekhaya.
Okuphakelayo i-crayfish ekhaya
Lapho uhlela umsoco we-crayfish echibini, umuntu kufanele alwele ukukwenza kufane nokudla kwawo esimweni semvelo, kodwa kungokwemvelo ukwethula imfuyo ngamanani angayilimaza ngokungafanele.
Ukuba khona kwezinto ezinjenge phytoplankton, zooplankton nabanye kuzobazuzisa.
Inhlangano enhle futhi efanelekile yesizinda semfologo echibini izonikeza ithuba lokonga kakhulu ekuthengeni okuphakelayo okubizayo.
Indlela enhle yokwenza ngcono isisekelo sokuphakelwa engxenyeni yamanzi ukufaka i-organic organic kanye ne-mineral fertilizer kuyo. Lokhu kukhulisa ukusebenziseka kokuphakelayo ngo-1.5-2,5 c / ha. Kepha akunakuphikwa ukuthi ukweqisa kwemigomo akwemukeleki, ngoba wonke ama-crustaceans atholakala kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwamanzi. Umanyolo owedlulele uzoholela ekukhiqizweni okusheshayo kwezitshalo, okugcwala ushintsho ekwakhekeni kwamakhemikhali amanzi futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukufa kuk crayfish.
Okuqukethwe yi-nitrogen kungaphezulu kwe-0.5 mg / l, phosphorus 2 mg / l.
Umanyolo, womzimba kanye nowokumbiwa phansi, kufanele ubekwe ezansi kwedamu ngaphambi kokugcwalisa, izinkambiso zimi ngalendlela: 1 kg. i-superphosphate ne-50 kg. i-ammonium nitrate ngehektha ngalinye.
Ngaphandle komanyolo, udinga ukunaka imingcele ebalulekile efana ne-acidity kanye nokushisa. Ngemuva kokuthi ukugcwala kugcwaliswe, udinga ukukala i-pH, okufanele ibe ku-7-8.5.
Umanyolo wemvelo wokudla okungenamsoco kokhokho
Ngaphambi kokwethula i-crayfish ibe yindawo yokugcina amanzi, kuyinto efiselekayo ukukhipha uphinde uhlwanyele phansi ngezitshalo ezilandelayo:
- oats
- uphizi neminye imidumba
- lupine,
- i-vetch, njll.
Lokhu kuzonikeza ithuba lokondla inhlabathi namanzi nge-nitrogen, nayo ezosiza ukonga ekuthengeni komanyolo obizayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela izosiza ukukhulisa kakhulu ukusebenza kwerebi, ngoba inemvelo kakhulu.
Ngaphandle kwezimila zasemanzini, crayfish idla ngokulangazela izinto eziphilayo eziphila emanzini, emvelweni nasekhaya. Ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu lokhu kusebenza kubantu abasha, imvamisa indlela abadla ngayo ifaka:
- iziphepho
- daphnia
- ama-rotifter nabanye abadla i-algae encane,
- imikhondo emincane
- izibungu zamanzi
- izibungu
- gazinga inhlanzi.
Kepha kufanelekile ukuthi, kuye ngeminyaka ye-crayfish, izinketho zabo zokunambitheka nazo ziyaguquka. Isibonelo, ama-crustaceans amancane kakhulu adla kuma-chironomids (1 4) kanye ne-daphnia (2 3). Njengoba sesikhule saba ngamasentimitha amabili, izibungu kanye nezinambuzane ezindala ezifika ku-50% ziyavela kumenyu ye-crustacean. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-amphipods, ngokuya ngeminyaka yobusha bezinhlanzi ezincane, angamaphesenti angama-5,63. Lapho ama-crustaceans ekhula aze afike ku-3 cm, angavele adle ama-mollusk, futhi ukusuka ku-4 cm - inhlanzi encane.
Umanyolo wemvelo wokondla i-crayfish
Uma kunembile ukuphinda kuphinde kubuye izimo zemvelo okuhlala kuzo amakhrayoni ekhaya noma ezimeni echibini, lokhu kuzokwenza ukuthi bakwazi ukubanikeza ukudla okungamaphesenti angama-90, okuzokwenza leli bhizinisi libe nenzuzo enkulu.
Ukuhlelela ukondliwa kokhokho, kuyadingeka ukuthi unake isikhashana lapho beyizilwane zasebusuku, ngenxa yalokhu, badinga ukunikezwa ukudla kusihlwa ezindaweni lapho beqongelela khona.
Abesifazane bangadla ngaphezulu kwabesilisa ngasikhathi, kepha ungadli kaningi. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi abesifazane bazama ukugwema abesilisa futhi lapho bethola ukudla, bazama ukudla okuningi.
Ividiyo "Umdlavuza udla ukudla"
Le vidiyo ikhombisa ukuthi i-crustacean encane idla kanjani izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla ngenjabulo enkulu.
Ngakho-ke, uma ngenxa yezimo ezithile kungeke kwenzeka ukukhiqiza kabusha izimo zemvelo eziphelele ku-crayfish okukuyo, kufanele uzondle:
- inyama
- inhlanzi
- zonke izinhlobo zemifino
- okusanhlamvu okusanhlamvu
- ikhekhe lamafutha
- isinkwa
- Earthworms
- amasele
- igazi.
- inyama egayiwe (inyama noma inhlanzi),
- imifino ebilisiwe.
Ungabaniki ukudla okunamafutha kakhulu. Ngeke zilimaze ama-crustaceans, kodwa zingaphazamisa amanzi. Ukondliwa kokudla okuhlanganisiwe kokondla izinhlanzi emimangweni kuyamukeleka.
Uma ubala, khona-ke singaphetha ngokuthi ukondla i-crayfish kulula kakhulu futhi akubizi kakhulu kunondla izinhlanzi. Ezimweni ezihlelwe kahle, ukondla amakhambi kudinga kuphela ukusheshisa ukukhula kwawo.
I-Crayfish ayigugi ngokuwa (kunalokho okuphambene), kodwa ukuze ingaphangi amanzi inikeza lokho kudla ku-feed ekhethekile. Ukuzenza akunzima, ngisho nangezandla zakho.
Udinga ukuthatha ibhodi elijwayelekile bese uligoqa izinhlangothi kulo, ukuphakama cishe kube ngu-2 cm. Okulandelayo udinga ukuwalungisa phansi.
Ukudla okujwayelekile kophayfish ekhaya akuzange kusungulwe. Noma kunjalo, kufanele wazi ukuthi ngesikhathi sokuphakelwa okwalandela, akukho lutho okufanele luhlale luyi-feeder.
Kulula ukusungula ngokubonakala kwamanzi. Uma kungacaci, umondli kumele asuswe emanzini futhi aqiniseke ukuthi ukondla kuyadingeka. Kuyajabulisa ukwazi ukuthi ukuthobela ngokweqile kungcono kunokusebenzisa ngokweqile. Uma okuphakelayo kuhlala, kuqala ukubola, ukungcolisa kanye nokonakalisa amanzi, okungaholela ekufeni kukakhokhova, okufuna amanzi ahlanzekile.
Echibini ka-crayfish enkulu, udinga ukondla kuphela ngesikhathi esifudumele. Ebusika, umsebenzi wabo uphansi kakhulu futhi asikho isidingo sokuphakelwa okwengeziwe. Ekhaya, uma kungenzeka ukuthi kulondolozwe izinga lokushisa elamukelekayo lomdlavuza unyaka wonke, ukugqoka phezulu kuyadingeka.
Uma izimo zokuzala amakhrayoni zisondele kwezemvelo, khona-ke udinga ukuqala ukuzondla kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaMashi. Okokuqala, okuncane, bese kuthi, lapho amanzi efudumeza ngaphezulu, inani lokuphakelwa kufanele lenyuswe.
Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile. Wonke ama-crustacean atheleka kakhulu kwikhwalithi yamanzi, ngenxa yalokho okulandelayo kwenzeka kaningi. Ngemuva kokuthi wethule i-crayfish ungene echibini, aqala ukukhasa ukuphuma emanzini, yize izimo zihambisana ngokuphelele nawo wonke amazinga. Ezimweni ezinjalo, i-acclimatization yabo iyadingeka. Kwama-2-3, futhi kwezinye izimo amasonto ama-2-3, i-crayfish ibekwa esikhwameni futhi igxishwe emanzini. Bazondla ngayo. Lapho isikhuphasha sejwayele ngokuphelele amanzi amasha, sikhishwa echibini.
Izinzuzo Zokuza Amakhrayoni
Amachibi angenalutho nemisele yemanzi egcwele crayfish ingaba ngumthombo omuhle kakhulu wemali engenayo kunoma yimuphi umndeni. Ama-Arthropod ayaziwa ukuthi ayabhekwa ngenxa yenyama yawo ephezulu nenempilo, equkethe inani elikhulu lamaprotheni. Izitsha ezivela kubo ziphiwa ezindaweni zokudlela eziningi emhlabeni, zilungiselela amasaladi ahlukahlukene, amasoseji, izitsha eziseceleni zenyama yenkhilogayi futhi zinikezwa njengesitsha esikhulu. Konke lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ikhaya labantu abanama-crustaceans bangenza umsebenzi omuhle futhi balethe inzuzo enkulu, kepha lokhu kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka engu-5 yokutshala imali nomsebenzi. Ngaphandle kwalokhu, ngemuva kokuxazululwa kokuqala kwechibi, izithelo zomsebenzi ziyojabulisa abanini eminyakeni eyi-10 ezayo.
Mayelana ne-crayfish
Ukuqala ukusebenza ku-crayfish ekhulayo echibini lakho, udinga ukuqonda izinhlobo, izinqubo zemvelo, izici nezindlela zokukhulisa abancane nabadala. Ensimini yezwe lethu kunezinhlobo eziningana ze-arthropods, ezingafani neze kwenye nenye. Amakhrayoni angawezilwane eziphefumula ngama-gill futhi zinemilenze eyi-10. I-carapace iminyene impela futhi ihlanganiswa nge-chitin. Okudume kakhulu ngaphakathi kweRussia kukhona izinhlayiya ezibanzi ezinamazinyo amaningi, iziqaqa zazo, uma ziqhathaniswa nezinye, ziyehluka ngobubanzi nobukhulu. Kukhona futhi izingcina ezinde (ezinqenqemeni-ezinzwaneni) kanye no-crayfish ominyene.
Ukwakha indawo enhle ye-crayfish
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, crayfish ithanda ukumisa emanzini ampompozayo atholakalayo, atholakala ikakhulu osebeni olunomfula wemifula, amachibi nemisele. Izilwane ze-Decapod zihlala emiseleni eyenziwe ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla ezindala nezitshalo ezise echibini. I-crayfish ifunwa kakhulu maqondana nokuhlanzeka kwamanzi, ngakhoke esigabeni sokuhlela ichibi, ukunakekelwa kumele kuthathwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi amanzi ayaguquka kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka futhi awekho obala ukungcola okukhulu nokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Futhi, ungakhohlwa ngokugcwaliswa komoya-mpilo kanye nokushisa kwamanzi (kufanele kube ngokulingana no-17-18 degrees Celsius), okuhloselwe ukukhiqizwa kabusha kanye nokuzalanisa i-crayfish ekhaya. Ukuqala ukwakhiwa kwedamu, kufanele uthenge inhlabathi enesihlabathi noma enamadwala, lapho ama crustaceans athanda ukuhlala phansi. Izakhamizi zasemfuleni ezigcwalisa ichibi lihlangana kahle ne-trout, okungeyona incintisana nabo ngokudla.
UKUDLA KOKUDoba
Ngaphezu kokudala izimo ezinhle zempilo evamile nokuzala, ama-arthropods kumele anikezwe ngenani elanele lokudla. Ukubuza umbuzo wokuthi kudlani amakhrayoni omfula, ungathola impendulo eqondile: konke kulandelana.
Njengoba beyizidalwa ezihlasimulisayo, badla noma yikuphi ukudla okutholakala kusendleleni. Okudume kakhulu ekudleni kwabo izitshalo ezikhula ogwini lwemifula namachibi futhi equkethe umquba: imihlanga, imihlanga, uphondo lwentaba nokunye. I-Crayfish ibuye ithande amaprotheni, avezwe ku-vivo ngesimo seminenke, izinhlanzi ezincane, izibungu, izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene nemidlwane. Ukudla kwesidalwa kuyashintsha kanye nobudala bakhe. Kusuka ekudleni okuncane nokutshala ukudla okukuku nokuningi okudla okuvela ezilwaneni.
Ukuhamba ezimakethe ufuna lokho okondla umdlavuza womfula, ungakuthenga ukudla. Namuhla kunezindlela zokudla ezihlanganisiwe eziningi ezenzelwe ngenhloso yokondla izakhamizi zasemfuleni, ezifuywayo ekhaya. Imvamisa, izithasiselo ezinjalo ziqukethe iphesenti eliphezulu likakolweni oluhlumile nezinye izilimo zikakolweni ezigcwalisa izidingo zemvelo zama-crustaceans futhi ezingangcolisi amanzi. Isilinganiso esifanele samavithamini namaminerali anempilo sinikeza ukudla okuphelele nokunempilo okuhambisana nakho. Izakhi zezitshalo ezakha okuphakelayo zisiza ukumelana nezifo ezahlukahlukene ezitholakala kumdlavuza. Ehlelweni lokuhlela lokhu kudla, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi imfishi yezinhlanzi zomfula zidla kancane, ngakho-ke kungcono ukufakwa esikhundleni sokudla ngokweqile. Ukudla ngokweqile komsoco endaweni yokugcina amanzi kungaholela ekuwohlokeni kwawo, ukungcoliswa nokuqubuka komzimba, ngenxa yalokho bonke abahlala echibini baqala ukufa.
Isikhuphashe
Kunezindlela eziningana zokutshala umdlavuza endaweni yokufakelwa, okuncike ezinhlosweni nasemathubeni wokuzala. Kodwa-ke, kunoma yikuphi, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ayikho inketho eyodwa yokukhula kwe-arthropods engenza ngaphandle kwamanzi ahlanzekile futhi anamaminerali aqukethe inani elidingakalayo le-oxygen. Ukuzalela izinhlanza kuqala ngenqubo yokuthenga noma yokuhlomisa indawo lapho kutholakala khona umthombo wamanzi oqhubekayo, ngokwesibonelo, umthombo wobuciko.
Izinga lokushisa lamanzi endaweni yokugcina amanzi ehlobo kufanele lisusela ku-15-20 degrees. Ensimini kufanele kube namathangi ama-2-3 afakiwe ngenhloso yokuhambisa izilwane ezisencane ezihlotsheni zazo ezinkulu, ezikwazi ukudla isizukulwane esincanyana. Ungathenga futhi ichibi lokufakelwa, elethulwa emakethe nge-assortment enkulu: amachibi, amachibi nokunye. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wesikhungo esithengiwe ukuqinisekisa ukusatshalaliswa kwamanzi okusheshayo, ngakho-ke ukwakheka kwawo kufanele kube okushwabeneyo, futhi ukujula akufanele kudlule amamitha ayi-7. Amachibi amancane nezinhlanzi zasemanzini zisetshenziselwa kakhulu ukuzalanisa nokuqasha izibungu kusuka emaqanda, ngemuva kokufaka izinsikazi ezitsheni ezilungiselelwe. Izinto okuzogcinwa kuzo i-crayfish kumele zingabi nabungozi, ngakho-ke izikejana zensimbi kufanele zithathelwe indawo ngeglasi lepulasitiki noma le-organic.
Ukwakhiwa kwechibi le-DIY ku-crayfish
Uma kungenakwenzeka ukuthenga ichibi elilungiselelwe elenziwe ngomshini, ungazakhela elakho elenzelwe wena. Ukwakha ichibi lesidalwa njengekhrayoni ekhaya kungumsebenzi odla isikhathi. Okokuqala udinga ukukhetha indawo yokwakha, eduze kwalapho kukhona ichibi, umfula noma ichibi. Ngaphandle kwalokho, izindleko zendawo yokugcina izokwenyuka kakhulu. Iqhaza elibalulekile ekwakhiweni lidlalwa yindawo engenzi manzi, lapho isakhiwo sonke esizayo sizoncika khona. Izendlalelo ezikhethekile ezingangenisi manzi nezokuvimbela amanzi zivame ukubekwa phansi, zivikele ichibi ekuphepheni. Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuzalanisa i-crayfish, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ithangi elithengiwe elingathembekile futhi elinempilo ende yokusebenza.
Izinzuzo kanye nokulimala kwe-crayfish
Bambalwa kakhulu abathandi bokudla kwasolwandle abazi ukuthi kungakanani imilambo yamakhrayoni enamavithamini anempilo nezakhi. Izinzuzo zokwenziwa kokuzala umqhele endaweni yasendlini ziyabonakala, futhi ngoba zihlala kuphela endaweni ehlanzekile, zingadliwa ngaphandle kokwesaba. Ngaphezu kweprotheni yokugaya okusheshayo, inyama yomdlavuza nayo iqukethe inani elikhulu le-calcium, i-iron, i-phosphorus ne-cobalt. Izinhlobo eziningi zamavithamini anjenge-E, D, B, C, isibabule ne-folic acid zitholakala enyameni yazo. Izazi zezempilo zitusa ukuthi kudliwe i-crayfish ngenkathi zidliwe, ngoba inyama yazo ingumkhiqizo onekhalori eliphansi - okuyi-80 kcal kuphela etholakala kumagremu ayi-100 omkhiqizo. Odokotela baphinde balule ukuthi kufakwe nenyanga enomdlavuza ekudleni uma kwenzeka ukungahambi kahle ezinso, enhliziyweni nasegunjini lesisu. Ngokudla umdlavuza isikhathi esithile, ungahlanza isibindi futhi ususe i-bile emzimbeni. Inani elikhulu le-iodine kuzo lisebenza njenge-prophylaxis yegland yegilo.
Umdlavuza: contraindication
Ekhuluma nge-contraindication, kufanele kushiwo ukuthi ama-arthropods anqatshelwe kubantu abangabekezelelani. Futhi, ama-allergies angadala ukudla kwasolwandle, futhi ikakhulukazi i-crayfish.Izinzuzo nokulimazeka kwe-crayfish akuzona izingqondo eziqhathanayo, ngoba inani lezakhamzimba, amavithamini kanye nama-macronutrients enyameni yesidalwa lidlula kakhulu ukulimala nanoma yikuphi ukushiyeka kwalo.
Izici Zokudla
Ngokuqondene nokondla i-crayfish equkethwe emanzini, echibini noma echibini elakhiwe ngokukhethekile, kubalulekile ukwazi imithetho ethile nezici:
- Kunconywa ukondla ama-arthropods kusihlwa. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, abantu bayahamba bayofuna ukudla lapho kuba mnyama.
- Ngesikhathi sokuzalela nokuncibilikisa, amakhrayoni adla ngobuningi, ngoba imizimba yawo iqala ukuchitha amandla ngokushesha okukhulu.
- Ngokudla okungafanele noma okungalinganiseli, umdlavuza uthambekele ku-cannibalism, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuncibilika. Indawo lapho kugcinwa khona i-crayfish kufanele ibe mahhala futhi ibanzi, enamakhoselo ambalwa.
- Ukudla kwansuku zonke komdlavuza osemncane kuphakeme kakhulu kunakubadala.
- Amakhrayoni akwazi ukuphuma kule ndawo ayofuna ukudla. Kuyadingeka ukudala izimo lapho ama-arthropods angenakuphuma khona.
- Kwabesifazane nabesilisa bakha imibuso ehlukahlukene yokudla. URachikha (owesimame) angadla ukudla kanye ngemuva kwezinsuku ezintathu, kanti umdlavuza udinga ukudla kanye ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili.
- Ngemuva kokuncibilika, akufanele ukhiphe igobolondo esele - kamuva umdlavuza uzowudla, ngoba ucebile ngamanani amaningi e-calcium, okunomthelela ekuvuseleleni umzimba ngokushesha.
Amakhrayoni adla ngendlela efanele futhi alinganiselayo, akhula ngokuqinile, futhi kaningi azama ukuphuma kuleyo ndawo.
Izinhlobo zokuphakelwa
Amakhrayoni ayizidalwa ezimangalisa ngokuphelele. Bondliwa bobabili imifino nenyama. Emvelweni, bachitha isikhathi sabo esiningi emanzini angajulile bafuna ukudla, lapho bedla khona ezinhlotsheni ezinhlobonhlobo zamagobolondo, izinhlanzi ezincane, izimbumbulu, izibungu nezinambuzane. Kokudla kwesitshalo, amakhrayoni akhetha iminduze yamanzi, i-elodea, kanye nezinambuzane. Ingxenye ephelele yokudla kwezitshalo ekudleni kwama-arthropods ifinyelela kuma-90%.
Ukupheka uzondle ngokwakho
Ukudla okwenziwe ekhaya okwenziwe ngo-crayfish kufanele kufane nokudla abakujwayelayo endaweni yabo yemvelo. Igazi, izingcezu ze-squid, izinhlanzi, ama-shrimp noma inyama ebusayo ziba indawo yokudla kwesilwane.
Lapho uhlanganisa ukudla okwenziwe ngophayikhokho, izinhlanzi ziklabishi ezingadliwayo kufanele zingabi ngaphezu kwesibili ngesonto. Abasabalalisi abaningi be-crayfish bathi ukudla okuphakelwa inyama kungukufukula umbuso we-arthropod onolaka.
Kokudla kwezitshalo, amakhrayoni ayondliwe ukudla okulandelayo:
- zucchini
- ulethisi
- ukhukhamba
- Iklabishi yaseShayina
- isipinashi
- izaqathe (iqukethe i-keratin, enomthelela ekwandeni okukhulu kombala wamakhanseli),
- Hornwort (lesi sitshalo kufanele sibe sendaweni okwenziwa kuyo amakhrayizi).
Lapho utshala izitshalo e-aquarium noma echibini elidaliwe, udinga ukuqaphela kakhulu, ngoba kaningi ziphathwa ngama-insecticides, angadala ukufa kwe-arthropods.
Okuphakelayo kwezimboni
Ama-fodders womshini wezimboni akhiqizwa ngesimo se-granular samasayizi ahlukile, eze ngesimo sama-flakes noma izinti.
Kunoma ikuphi ukukhetha, okuphakelayo kufanele kuhlangabezane nalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- ungangcolisi amanzi echibini,
- hlinzeka ngokudla okunempilo
- gcina umbala wemvelo wegobolondo
- lula inqubo yokushintsha igobolondo.
Izitolo ezikhethekile zinganikela ngezinhlobo zokuphakelwa ezakhelwe izinkathi ezikhethekile zempilo ye-crustacean. Isibonelo, ochwepheshe bavame ukusebenzisa okuphakelayo okwenzelwe ukuvuselela izinqubo zokuzala noma ukuqinisa ukungavikeleki kwezilwane ezincane.
Ukondla abancane
Izilwane ezincane zondliwa ngendlela ehlukile kokhokho abasha. Ukondliwa kwabantu abasha kwenziwa yiDaphnia encane, ifolishi yezinhlanzi gazinga, i-vhode yeviniga, ishubhu elihlanganisiwe, i-artemia.
Lapho usuthisa i-crayfish nge-daphnia encane, kuyanconywa okokuqala ukuyikhafuza ngamanzi abilayo, ngoba bukhoma uyiselula kakhulu, ngenxa yayo kuzoba nzima kuma-crustaceans amancane ukuyibamba.
Omdlavuza abasebasha badinga ukudla okuningi kunabantu abadala. Ngalezi zizathu, bafuna ukudla imini nobusuku. Zidla nge-detritus, umkhiqizo wokuwohloka kwemvelo kwezinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene. Isibonelo, e-aquarium, amanzi ayo ahlala ehlungwa njalo, kunokuncane okuyi-detritus.
Ukubuyisa okunye, amaqabunga ezihlahla awile avame ukusetshenziswa. Kungcono ukunikeza izintambo amaqabunga omile e-oki, i-alder ne-beech - azoba ngumthombo omuhle kakhulu wokudla okubalulekile, okungagcini nje ekwakhiweni kwesistimu yokugaya ukudla, kodwa futhi kusiza ukuqeda izinambuzane. Amaqabunga ku-aquarium crayfish adla ngokushesha okukhulu, adinga ukubikwa njalo.
Okwamathebhu e-aquarium, ukusetshenziswa kwamaqabunga asanda kukhethwa akuvunyelwe - banamandla okukhulula ubuthi emanzini.
Ukondla i-crayfish yabantu abadala
Abantu abadala bathanda inyama eyosiwe yezilwane ezinamagazi afudumele nezinhlanzi, amasele kanye namadududu. Ngaphambi kwenkathi yama-molt ama-crustaceans, kungakuhle ukuthi ondle ngama-mollusks amancane achotshoziwe, aqhekeza kakhulu amagobolondo e-bivalve.
Basebenzisa udoti wasekhishini ukuze bondle, banikeze ama-arthropods ama-trimmings wenyama, ikhasi kusuka emifino, okusalile kwesinkwa nokunye. Uma imfucuza ingeyintsha ngokuphelele, ibilongwe ngaphambili.
Ukudla okubolile kakhulu akufanele kusetshenziselwe ukondla, ngoba lokhu kungadala isifo somdlavuza omkhulu.
Okusanhlamvu okubilisiwe, ikakhulukazi okuzayo (ummbila, uphizi) kudinga ukuxoxwe ngaphambi kokunikeza umdlavuza, uma kungenjalo kuzoba nzima kuye ukuwabamba ngezinsipho. Ukudla kubekwa ebumnyameni ezindaweni ezincane. Banika ukudla ngendlela yokuthi kudliwe ngokuphelele. Kubalulekile ukusungula ukulawula ukugcwala kokudla ngokufaka inetha phansi. Amakhrayoni adla ngokulingana emachibini, ikakhulukazi uma edla ukudla kwezilwane.
Ngokudla okusalelayo, umnikazi kufanele anciphise inani lakhe noma angondli i-crayfish isikhashana. Lapho kubola imfucumfucu yokudla, i-reservoir iyangcoliswa, ngenxa yalokho ama-arthropods ahlushwa yizifo ezahlukahlukene eziholela ekufeni kwawo.
Ukondla kuqala ngo-Ephreli ngokudla okungu-0,5% wesisindo se-crayfish, kuqinisa isikhathi esifudumele ngemuva kokuncibilikisa nangesikhathi sokukhula okukhulu, ukuze inani lokuphakelayo lingama-2-2,5% wesisindo bukhoma. Ngenkathi yokuncibilikisa, bayayeka ukondla i-crayfish izinsuku eziningana. Lapho kubanda, ama-arthropod awondli noma aqhubeke nokunikeza ukudla ngesikhathi sokutshala esiminyene ngamanani aphansi. Ebusika, ukuphakela izinhlanzi ziklabishi kufanele kuqaphele: ngalesi sikhathi, isidingo sokudla sincane, kepha ngezikhathi ezithile zidinga ukondliwa.
Ukudla okwenzelwe kahle kuzoqinisekisa impilo enhle ye-arthropod. Kubalulekile ukusondela ngokudingida endabeni yokondla i-crayfish. Akuvumelekile ukusebenzisa ukudla okutholakalayo okukhona noma ukuphakelwa kwekhwalithi engathandeki ukondla i-crayfish.
Ukudla ngesikhathi sokuncibilika
Ukuncishiswa kwe-crayfish kuyinto evamile. Ama-crustaceans akhula kukho konke impilo, ngenxa yesembozo se-chitinous, lokhu akunakwenziwa, ngoba kulukhuni. Umdlavuza udinga ukulahlwa njalo. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilika, ama-arthropods alahlekelwa umsebenzi wawo futhi achitha isikhathi sabo esiningi endaweni yokukhosela. Uma esikhundleni somdlavuza kuphela igobolondo lawo libonwe, ungesabi, lena inqubo yemvelo.
Isembozo se-chitinous asisuswa - umdlavuza uzowudla. Ngemuva kokuncibilika, amancanca amancane adinga i-calcium eningi, esiza ekuvuseleleni ngokushesha inhlanganisela entsha. Esigabeni sokuqala sokuphila kwabo, ama-arthropods molt izikhathi ezi-5-6. Ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana, ukuncibilika kwenzeka kaningi phakathi nonyaka. Inqubo ngokwayo ihlala imizuzu engama-2-3 kuphela. Ikhava entsha ibuyiselwa ngokuphelele ngemuva kwamasonto angu-1-1,5.
Ngaphambi kokuncibilika, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ivolumu noma imvamisa yokondla cishe izikhathi ezine. Kuvunyelwe ukondla i-crayfish ngokudla okukhethekile.
Kunconywa ukunikeza imikhiqizo enjalo ukudla:
I-Arthropods izophinda ithande ukudla okubandakanya iklabishi, ulethisi, uphizi, iparsley, i-zucchini, i-nettle, isipinashi, imifino eqandisiwe, amaqabunga esihlahla, ngisho nokudla okwomile kwezinhlanzi zasemanzini.
Ama-Cancer feeders
Okondla i-aquarium crayfish, kusetshenziswa ama-feeder ahlukahlukene. Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinketho ezithengiswayo. Kepha imvamisa, abondli benziwa ngemizamo yabo.
Isifunzo esilula kakhulu se-crayfish siyipulatifomu encane elungisiwe, eyenziwe nganoma iyiphi ipulasitiki engenabuthi. Izitolo ze-Aquarium zinikeza abondli abaheha ukumiswa kwamaqabunga nezinye izinketho eziningi.
Ungayondla kanjani i-crayfish lapho ibamba?
Isibambo sokubamba i-crayfish sikhethiwe ngokususelwa esikhathini sonyaka. Ukudla kwezitshalo kuyasebenza entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ekwindla nasekuqaleni kobusika, ukudla kwezilwane kusetshenziselwa ukondla ama-arthropods. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa:
- ukuncipha kwenyama
- inhlanzi
- ngaphakathi kwezinhlanzi nezinyoni,
- ama-mollusks
- izibungu
- iminenke
- amasele
- inyama.
Izinhlanzi zibekwa zintsha noma zonakaliswe kancane. Ukuze uthuthukise iphunga, lithambeka kancane elangeni. Cancers like roach, crucian carp and bream. Kwemikhiqizo yenyama, kuyelulekwa ukusebenzisa izinkukhu noma izidumbu zenyama. Kubekwa futhi esimeni esibi. Ama-Shellfish, iminenke kanye namaxoxo kubanjwa endaweni efanayo lapho zizobamba khona imfishi. Amagciwane asetshenziswa kakhulu esikhathini esingengakanani uma kungekho ezinye izinketho: abekwa engxenyeni ye-gauze emincane, ngaphandle kokusakazeka kwawo.
Kokudla kwemifino, ummbila, dill, uphizi, isinkwa esimnyama, makuku negalikhi kusebenza kakhulu. I-peas nommbila kubilisiwe, kufakwe insimbi noma kukheniwe. Ama-crustaceans "agcinwa" ukunambitheka kwegalikhi, ngenxa yokuthi kunconywa ukufaka eminye imikhiqizo.
Lapho ukhetha ibheyili, naka isikhathi sonyaka:
Isikhathi | Yini ukondla? |
Ihlobo | Bondliwa ngocezu lwesibindi, inyama, ama-giblets enkukhu. Ukuze uthuthukise iphunga, kufakwa uwoyela wezinhlanzi. |
Ntwasahlobo | Sebenzisa isiheho semifino noma inhlanzi, ebisikethwe ngaphambili kwechibi, yajika yashiya ilanga isaphangwa. |
Ubusika futhi uwe | Ukusetshenziswa kwenyama engcolile noma uphizi kuyanconywa. |
I-Habitat nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ekuzingeleni ezindaweni zokugcina ezinaphansi enodaka, kuyinto efiselekayo ukusebenzisa ama-decoys ezinhlanzini ezonakele. Kungukudla okujwayelekile komdlavuza okuhlala ezimeni ezifanayo. I-Arthropods ingena "kulolu gibe", ingasoli lutho. Uma kunemifino eminingi ezansi, kusebenza kahle ukusebenzisa uphizi noma ummbila.
Ngokudoba emihumeni engaphansi kwamanzi noma eduze nogu, ukuheleza kusetshenziswa ngephunga elinamandla likagalikhi noma le nyama eyonakele. Emanzini angajulile, ochwepheshe bacebisa ukusebenzisa isiheho sezibungu, izimbaza kanye nommbila.
Ngabe umdlavuza udlani endaweni yawo yemvelo?
I-crayfish inomqondo omuhle kakhulu wephunga. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, bayakwazi ukuthola izinhlanzi ezibolile ngokushesha kunenhlanzi entsha, ngoba linephunga elizwayo njengoba libola. Ukulwa ne-crayfish elwela izidumbu zezinhlanzi ezindala kuvame kakhulu emifuleni.
Umbono wabo usakhiwa kahle. Ukubona okuthile okubomvu, crayfish nakanjani kuyofuna ukukuzama, kubhekwe entweni yenyama.
I-crayfish ivame ukudla i-algae ecebile nge-lime. Bayayidinga ukukhula ukukhula okunempilo kwegobolondo, ikakhulukazi bayayidinga i-lime ngesikhathi se-molt lapho bephonsa "izikhali" zakudala bese bekhula ezintsha.
Amakhansela adinga i-algae enjalo:
- Elodea
- Izinhlobo zezitshalo
- uphondo.
Kuphela izidlo zamakhrayoni kulezi zitshalo, ngoba ziqukethe i-lime, enikeza ukuqina kwe-arthropods, abangayideleli. Lokhu kubalulekile ukukucabanga lapho usuthisa crayfish ekhaya - kungakuhle ukwandisa inani likamoya ekudleni kwekhrayizi.
Ngaphezu kwezitshalo, zidla ngezilwane ezahlukahlukene zasemanzini, izinhlobo ezihlukile zama-invertebrates, ngokwesibonelo, i-daphnia noma i-cyclops. Ziphinde zidle izibungu, izimbumbulu, iminenke nezibungu.
Kunconywa ukuzala i-phyto- ne-zooplankton endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Isikhunta somakhelwane esinjalo siyabonakala. Lezi zinhlobo zisebenza njengokudla hhayi nge-crayfish kuphela, kepha futhi nokudla kwazo.
Ukondla i-crayfish kuwumsebenzi obhekene nawo, ngoba isisindo se-arthropod sincike ekondlweni elifanele nasekudleni esikhathini esizayo, futhi inzuzo ethe xaxa ngokuthengisa kwayo. Uma ulandela imithetho yokuphakelwa, uzokwazi ukusheshisa inqubo yokukhula nokuzala, uqukethe umdlavuza osebenzayo.
Izinhlobo zokuphakelwa
Amakhrayoni ayizidalwa ezimangalisa ngokuphelele. Ngokudla kwazo, kokubili imifino nenyama okuphakelayo kufanelekile. Emvelweni, bachitha iningi lesikhathi sabo emanzini angajulile bafuna ukudla, lapho bedla khona izinhlobonhlobo zamagobolondo, izibungu, izinhlanzi ezincane, izinambuzane ngisho nezimbumbulu. Kokudla kwesitshalo, akhetha ama-rdest, elodea neminduze yamanzi.
Ingxenye ephelele yokudla kwezitshalo ekudleni kwabo ingafinyelela ku-90%.
Ukuzondla okwenziwe ngokwakho
Okudla umdlavuza ekhaya kufanele kuhambisane nokudla kwabo kwemvelo. Njengokuthi ungene esikhundleni sokudla kwezilwane, ungasebenzisa:
- Igazi.
- Izingcezu zenhlanzi.
- Izingcezu zenyama ebusayo.
- Isikwele esisikiwe noma i-shrimp.
Lapho uhlanganisa isilinganiso se-crayfish, umuntu kufanele akhumbule ukuthi ukudla kwezilwane akufanele kunikezwe izikhathi ezi-2 ngesonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-olwandle amaningi anombono wokuthi okuphakelayo kwenyama kungathuthukisa kakhulu izimfanelo ezinolaka zekhrayoni.
Kokudla kwezitshalo, crayfish ithanda ukudla:
- Hornwort. Lesi sitshalo kumele sibe semanzini nge-crayfish.
- Amahlamvu ulethisi.
- Iklabishi yaseShayina.
- Isaqathe. Le mifino iqukethe i-keratin, enamandla okuthuthukisa kakhulu umbala we-crayfish ebomvu.
- Isipinashi.
- Ukhukhamba
- UZucchini.
Lapho ukutshala izitshalo e-aquarium, ikakhulukazi lezo ezazithengiwe esitolo sezilwane, ukunakekelwa kufanele kuthathwe. Ngokuvamile ziphathwa ngemithi yokubulala amagciwane ama-insecticides, okungaholela ekufeni kwabantu abaningi bomdlavuza.
Imithetho nezici zokuphaka
Ukuthi yini ukondla i-aquarium crayfish esiyitholile. Manje udinga ukuqonda imithetho nezici zokondla e-aquarium:
- Into yokuqala okudingeka uyazi ukuthi ama-crayfish anamandla okufihla ukudla ngokweqile. Ngakho-ke, uma inani lokudla ku-aquarium lingalawulwa, kungekudala noma lokhu kuzoholela ekubambeni kwamanzi. Kufanele kube njalo ukuthi umdlavuza ungadla ngokugcwele, kepha ungakwazi ukukufihla okweqileyo.
- Ngesikhathi sokufuya nezikhathi zokuncibilikisa, ama-crayfish aqala ukondla okuningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba wabo uqala ukuzwa izindleko ezinkulu zamandla.
- Isilinganiso sokudla kwansuku zonke nesisindo somzimba ezinsaneni siphezulu kakhulu kunasemkhondweni wabantu abadala.
- Amaphethini wokudla owesilisa nowesifazane ahluka kakhulu. Kwanele ukuthi owesilisa adle kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezimbili. Ngenkathi insikazi ingadla isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku ezi-3.
- Ungagijimeli ekuhlanzeni kwesobunxele ngemuva kokuqotshwa kwegobolondo. Kamuva, umdlavuza uzomdla. Uqukethe inani elikhulu ngokwanele le-calcium, esiza umdlavuza ukuthi ululame ekugomeni kungakapheli izinsuku ezingama-3-4.
- Ukondla i-crayfish kungcono kusihlwa. Njengoba ezimweni zemvelo, bayahamba bayofuna ukudla ikakhulu ebumnyameni.
- Ngokungondleki noma ukungondleki, umdlavuza uthambekele ku-cannibalism, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuncibilika. Ngakho-ke, i-aquarium, equkethe i-crayfish, kufanele ibe yigumbi futhi ibe nezindawo zokukhosela eziningi ngesimo se-snags ehlukahlukene, amabhodwe nezinqaba.
- Uma ufuna ukudla, kungokhethwa amakhrayoni ku-aquarium, ngakho-ke i-aquarium kufanele ivalwe ngokuphephile.
Ukudla umdlavuza ngokufanele nangokulinganisela kukhula ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi akuvamile ukuthi kuphume emanzini.