1. Ama-Albatross yizinyoni zasolwandle ezaziwa ngokuthanda ukuhamba amabanga amade.
Ama-2.Albatrosses ahlala ezindaweni ezibandayo nezibandayo zeSouthern Hemisphere. Ikakhulu ikakhulukazi izinyoni zitholakala kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi yiSouthern Ocean - umgodi ozungeze i-Antarctica, kuzo zonke iziqhingi.
3. Izinyoni zizulazula kude - kuya ezifundeni ezishisayo zaseNyakatho Nenkabazwe, futhi ungalokothi undize kuphela ezifundeni ezingenhla kwe-Arctic Ocean.
4. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-20 kwezinhlobo ze-albatrosses - kusukela kubhema, usayizi wasolwandle, ukuya ekuzuleni (Diomedes exulans, noma “albatross exeding”), enamaphiko ayo aqopha amamitha ayi-3,5 (lokhu kuyindiza encane enesihlalo esisodwa)!
5. Emndenini we-albatross, ama-albatross asebukhosini futhi azulazulayo angenye yezinyoni ezinkulu ezindizayo ngosayizi. Isisindo somzimba wabantu abadala sifinyelela ku-swan - 10-11 kilos, kanti amaphiko angafika kumamitha ayi-3.5. Izinhlobo ezivamile zama-albatrosses: i-Amsterdam albatross, i-albatross yasebukhosini, i-albatross ezulazulayo, iTristan albatross.
I-Amsterdam Albatross
6. I-Amsterdam albatross ifinyelela ngamasentimitha ayi-120 ubude, amaphiko - afinyelela kumamitha angama-3.5, isisindo sisebangeni lamakhilogremu ayi-5-8.
7. Ukubuka kabanzi kwe-Amsterdam Islands etholakala eningizimu yoLwandlekazi i-Indian.
8. Le nyoni isongelwa ngokuqothulwa, kepha kancane kancane kungenzeka ukwandisa inani labantu.
9. Ama-Albatrosses andiza kude futhi abade kunanoma iyiphi enye inyoni. Ngenxa yokulandela kwe-satellite, kwavela ukuthi amanye ama-albatross andiza azungeze uMhlaba esikhathini esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili futhi angandiza izinsuku eziyisithupha ngaphandle kokuphanyeka kwamaphiko awo.
10. Ingxenye edla amandla kakhulu yanoma iyiphi indiza ye-albatross isuswa: okuwukuphela kwesikhathi lapho inyoni idinga ukushaya amaphiko ayo ngokunqumayo.
I-Royal albatross
11. I-albatross yasebukhosini inemizimba enyoni engamasentimitha ayi-110 kuye kwangama-120, iphiko ngamasentimitha angama-280- 3250, kanti umuntu omdala unesisindo esingamakhilogremu ayi-8.
12. Lezi zinhlobo zifaka izinhlobo ezimbili ezingaphansi: ama-albatross wasenyakatho naseningizimu. Izimpiko zezindawo ezisenyakatho zimbozwe izimpaphe ngombala onsundu, kanti ezaseningizimu zinamaphiko ombala omhlophe omhlophe.
13. Indawo yokuhlala kwe-albatross yasebukhosini - New Zealand.
14. Ngokungafani nezinyoni ezidla inyama ezihlela emifudlaneni efudumele, i-albatross igcinwa iseduze nolwandle isebenzisa amandla okuphakamisa amaza omoya abonakala emafwini.
I-plumage yalezi zinyoni iminyene futhi isondelene nayo, i-fluff iminyene, ilula futhi ifudumele, kanti i-fluff emboza umzimba we-albatross ungqimba oluqhubekayo, kanti kwezinye izinyoni ikhula kuphela emigqeni ethile - i-pterillia. I-fluff efudumele ye-albatrosses isondele ne-swan ezindaweni zayo ezibonakalayo.
I-Wandering albatross
I-albatross ezulazulayo inobude obungama-millimitha angama-117, iphiko elikhulu kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane - lifinyelela kumasentimitha angama-370. Umbala weplamu lenyoni umhlophe, ezimpaphe zamaphiko kungahle kube nemivimbo emnyama. Umlomo mkhulu. Amaphayi apinki.
17. Intsha ifakwe ngombala onsundu, onyamalala bese iba mhlophe lapho ikhula, kepha umdaka obonakalayo onsundu ungahlala ebeleni isikhathi eside.
18. I-albatross ezulazulayo iyatholakala eziqhingini ezise-subantarctic.
U-albatross omnyama omnyama
19. Uma nje iphuphu le-albatross elizulazulayo limi esiwombeni salo, imilenze yalo ngeke isathinta phansi kuze kufike isikhathi sokushada, futhi lokhu kungenzeka eminyakeni eyishumi nambili.
20. Umbala we-albatrosses awukhanyi, amathoni ansundu avela ezinhlotsheni ezincane, futhi amhlophe amakhulu. Izitho zomzimba ngamunye (ikhanda, amaphiko) ezinyoni ezimhlophe zingaqhathaniswa ngombala ompunga noma omnyama. Izinyoni zabo bobabili ubulili zinemibala efanayo.
Tristan Albatross
21. I-Tristan albatross ibukeka ifana kakhulu ne-albatross ezulazulayo futhi okwesikhathi esithile yathathwa njengezincwadi zayo. Kodwa-ke, le nyoni incane ngosayizi, futhi umbala weplamu lawo umnyama mnyama.
22. Abasha bathola iplamu emhlophe ebonakala kancane kancane, uma liqhathaniswa ne-albatross ezulazulayo.
23. Indawo yokuhlala yezinhlobo zeziqhingi zaseTristan da Cunha, lapho manje isongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
24. U-Albatross uyinyoni ehlala isikhathi eside. Baphila isikhathi eside kakhulu ngamazinga ezilwane. Impilo yabo ingaqhathaniswa nesikhathi nomuntu, ngoba imvamisa baphila iminyaka yobudala engama-60 noma ngaphezulu.
25. Kepha, naphezu kwalokhu, i-albatross emhlophe ebambe ongezansi ibhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia, ukubhujiswa kwenani lalezi zinhlobo kwalungiselelwa ngokubhujiswa kwezinyoni ngabazingeli ngenxa yephunga elimnandi le-albatross.
26. Ama-Albatrosses “angama-nomads” angaxhunyiwe kunoma yini ngaphandle kwendawo azalelwa kuyo. Ngokuhamba kwabo, bamboza umhlaba wonke. Lezi zinyoni zingaphila ngokuthula ngaphandle komhlaba izinyanga, futhi ukuze ziphumule, zihlala onqenqemeni lwamanzi.
27. I-Albatrosses ingeye-Procellariiformes ye-oda, imvelaphi - iTubinares, okusho ukuthi "tube-nosed".
28. Amhubhu agijimisana nalo lonke ubude bezindebe ezinkulu ezibunjiweyo futhi aholela ekuphuthweni komqondo wokukhula kahle, okuvumela i-albatross ukuthi ibone izidleke nokudla amamayela amaningi.
29. Kwezinye izinhlobo zamashubhu, anomsebenzi ombaxambili: avumela inyoni ukuba iphefumule emakhaleni amaningi futhi inwebe usawoti wolwandle ngokweqile ngenye.
30. Ukuqhubeka nomjaho wazo, izinyoni ziyagudluza ezindaweni ezazakhe zazalelwa zona. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi: kanye njalo eminyakeni engama-2-3.
31. Uhlobo ngalunye lomndeni we-albatross lukhethe indawo yokukhulisa amaphuphu. Imvamisa lezi yindawo eziseduze kwekhwetha.
32. Bazama ukwakha izidleke zabo ziphithizele, bangaba eduze kwezinhlobo eziseduze zezinyoni zasolwandle.
I-albatross ayinobuqili ngenkathi kwakhiwa. Isidleke sakhe sibukeka njengendunduma yedaka, umhlaba notshani obunokudangala, emi ngqo emadwaleni noma ogwini.
34. Le nyoni ingasebenza njengesibonelo se-monogamy: lezi zinyoni zikhetha umlingani oyedwa empilweni. Lo mbhangqwana uthatha iminyaka ukuba ngumndeni wezinyoni wangempela onomzimba nezimpawu zawo.
35. Isiko lokudalwa kwezinyoni limnene kakhulu, bahlanza izimpaphe zabo, bondle omunye komunye, bagogeke futhi baqabulane. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezinde zokwahlukana, bobabili abalingani baphinde bandizela endlekeni futhi bavele bahloniphane.
36. Lezi zinyoni zilala iqanda elilodwa. Bayihlikihla. Inqubo yokuqhanyelwa kulezi zinyoni ingenye ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni wezinyoni futhi ihlala kuze kube yizinsuku ezingama-80. Abalingani bashintsha njalo, futhi lapho amaqanda ebanjwa, zombili izinyoni zehlisa isisindo bese ziphela nya.
37. Enyangeni yokuqala, lo mbhangqwana uvame ukondla amawundlu awo, bese kuthi abashadikazi bawufudumeze. Ngemuva kwalokho abazali bangashiya isidleke senkukhu izinsuku ezimbalwa, lelo sonto lisala lodwa.
38. Inkukhu ihlala esidlekeni isikhathi esirekhodi sezinsuku ezingama-270, phakathi nesikhathi lapho ikhula khona ukuze umzimba wayo udlule usayizi wabantu abadala benyoni ngamapharamitha.
39. Ama-albatross ashiya iwundlu ngokuphelele, futhi osemusha uphoqelelwa ukuba aphile yedwa aze aguqise usana lwakhe olukhulu aze aqeqeshe amaphiko alo ukundiza. Ukuqeqeshwa kwenzeka ogwini noma emaphethelweni amanzi.
40. Ama-Albatrosses asekulungele ukuzala eneminyaka engama-4-5 ubudala, noma kunjalo, awashadi ngaphambi kweminyaka eyi-9 kuya kwengu-10 ubudala.
Ukudla kwe-albatross kuqukethe izinhlanzi, ama-squid, ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks kanye ne-plankton encane.
42. Ukuze inyamazane, ama-albatross ngokuvamile ahamba ebusuku, ayilandele emoyeni bese eyicosha ebusweni bamanzi epheshaneni. Izinyoni zingakwazi nokuntywila kumamitha ayi-12.
43. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zithanda ukudla okuhlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amanye ama-albatross akhetha ukuzingela olwandle, kanti amanye enza okuphambene.
44. I-albatross ezulazulayo ifuna ukudla kuphela ezindaweni ezinobukhulu bekhilomitha. Ngesikhathi sokudlekwa, abesilisa nabesifazane bavame ukuzingela ezindaweni ezahlukene.
45. I-dimorphism yezocansi kuma-albatrosses ayivezwanga. Bancane kuphela abantu abahlukile ezinyangeni ezindala ezinamabala ansundu noma ansundu. Kwesinye isikhathi futhi emikhawulweni emnyama yabesifazane kungabonakala emaphethelweni ezimpaphe ezimhlophe ezisemaphikweni.
46. Ama-Albatrosses ayizinyoni ezinkulu kunazo zonke emndenini wazo. Ngaphandle, le nyoni icishe ifane nolwandle. Ngakho-ke, i-albatross inomlomo ofana nayo - mncane futhi yinde, igobekile esicongweni. Noma kunjalo, inesici sayo esibalulekile.
47. Amakhala enyoni akhona ezinhlangothini zoqhwaku futhi abukeka njengamashubhu amade. Isakhiwo sazo siyisizathu somqondo obukhali kakhulu futhi owakheke kahle wephunga le-albatross, okungajwayelekile phakathi kwezinyoni.
48. Eqhweni elingaphakathi, azikho izingcingo ukusiza ukugcina inyamazane ingoqhwaku.
49. Ijubane elijwayelekile le-albatross lingama-50 km / h, ubukhulu bungu-80 km / h. Inyoni endala indiza amakhilomitha angama-800-1000 ngosuku. Futhi imbulunga indiza izungeza ngezinsuku ezingama-46.
50. Emakhulukhulu eminyaka ambalwa edlule, ama-albatrosses asetshenziswa njengomthombo wamaqanda, amafutha, ne-fluff. Abantu bacekela phansi izingosi zabo ezidlekayo, kwadutshulwa nezinyoni. Konke lokhu kuholele ekutheni namhlanje ezinhlotsheni ezingama-19 kwezingu-21 zama-albatross zibhalwe kwiBhuku elibomvu futhi zisengozini yokuqothulwa.
Amasistimu nokuziphendukela kwemvelo
Ukutholwa kokuqala kwezinyoni zohlobo lwe-Albatrosses kungokwaseMiddle Miocene eminyakeni eyizigidi eziyi-12-15 edlule.
Izinhlobo zezinsalela (Olson, 1985, Haaramo, 2005)
- Diomedea milleri (Middle Miocene, Sharktooth Hill futhi, mhlawumbe, Middle Miocene, Oregon, USA)
- I-Diomedea sp. (ILate Miocene, iValdes Peninsula (i-Argentina), i-Antarctica)
- I-Diomedea sp. (Kuqala iPliocene, South Africa)
- I-Diomedea sp. (I-Pliocene yasekuqaleni, eFlorida, e-USA)
I-albatross
1. ornipata. Izinyoni zasolwandle oda we-potrel (Diomedea) ◆ Indlela ye-herring ihlala ibonwa yilezi zici ezilandelayo: umucu oyindilinga wogwebu omhlophe, obamba indawo enkulu yolwandle, imihlambi yezinyoni kanye i-albatross, imikhomo, imithombo, nezinkomo zezingonyama zasolwandle zaseSteller. I-Chekhov, Sakhalin Island, 1893-1895
Ukwenza Imephu Yamagama Kungcono Ngokubambisana
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