Ama-cobras ayizinyoka ezinkulu ezaziwa ngobungozi bazo nangendlela ethile yokunciphisa i-hood. Leli gama lisho kuqala kubo bonke abamele uhlobo lwe-cobras yangempela, kanye ne-cobras yabo yasebukhosini kanye ne-collar. Sekukonke, cishe ziyizinkulungwane eziyi-16 zalezi zinyoka ezaziwayo, zonke zingamalungu omndeni we-aspid futhi zihlobene nezinye, azinazo izinhlobo ezinobuthi obuncane - izinyoka ezibulalayo nezihlukumezanayo, izimbiza nezinsikazi.
Ama-cobras ase-Central Asia (Naja oxiana) avelele phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo ezinombala wobumba okhanyayo.
Zonke izinhlobo zama-cobras zikhulu impela, zincane kunazo zonke - i-Angolan cobra - ifinyelela kubude obuyi-1.5 m, futhi inkosi enkulu kunazo zonke i-cobra, noma i-hamadriad, ifinyelela kubude obuyi-4,8 ngisho no-5.5 m. Le cobra yona inkulu kunabo bonke izinyoka ezinobuthi emhlabeni. Ngaphandle kobukhulu obukhulu bomzimba wayo awubukeki mkhulu (njengama-pythons noma ama-boas, ngokwesibonelo), ngokuvamile, lezi ezihuquzelayo zivezwa ukuhamba okuphezulu. Esimweni esizolile, ama-cobras awaveli phakathi kwezinye izinyoka, kodwa esimweni sokucasulwa aphakamisa umphambili womzimba futhi afake intamo. I-hood ebizwayo engasho lutho iwuphawu lwalezi ezihubhayo, isici esinjalo sokwakheka asisatholakali kwezinye izinyoka. Umbala we-cobras uvame ukungathandeki, amathoni aphuzi onsundu futhi amnyama ansundu kuwo, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zingaba nemibala egqamile. Isibonelo, ukukhafulela obomvu - onsundu-obomvu, ama-corymbose aseNingizimu Afrika - amakhorali. Futhi, ama-cobras abonakala ngokuba khona kwemivimbo eguqulayo, ikakhulukazi ephinyiselwe entanyeni. Inyoka edumile yaseNdiya noma inyoka ebabazekayo yathola igama layo ngezindawo ezimbili ezibonakalayo ekhasini layo elivuvukayo, lezi zinyoka zinabantu abathile endaweni eyodwa, ama-cobras anjalo abizwa ngokuthi i-monocle.
Inyoka ye-Indian cobra, noma inyoka yombukwane (Naja naja) yathola igama lezindawo ezinobuntu ku-hood.
AmaCobras ahlala kuphela ku-Old World - e-Afrika (ngaphesheya kwezwekazi), eCentral naseNingizimu Asia (eNdiya, ePakistan, eSri Lanka). Lezi zilwane ziyi-thermophilic futhi azenzeki lapho iqhwa liwela ebusika, okuhlukile yiCobral Asia cobra, ebangeni layo enyakatho ifinyelela eTurkmenistan, Tajikistan nase-Uzbekistan. Izindawo zalezi zinyoka ziyahlukahluka, kodwa-ke, izindawo eziyomile zin ngokunambitheka kwazo. Isimo esijwayelekile se-cobra yi-shrubbery, ugwadule kanye nogwadule, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zitholakala ehlathini, osebeni lomfula, kepha lezi zinyoka zigwenywa ezindaweni ezinomswakama omkhulu. Ezintabeni, ama-cobras atholakala aze afike kumamitha ayi-1500- 2400. Njengazo zonke izidalwa ezifuywayo, ama-cobras ahlala eyedwa, kepha ama-cobras aseNdiya nawasebukhosini ayahlukile kulo mthetho. Lezi zinyoka yizo kuphela ezihuquzelayo ezakha amabhangqa aqinile ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ama-Cobras maningi amathuba okuba asebenze phakathi nosuku futhi ngokuvamile amelana kakhulu nokushisa ngokweqile. Lezi zinyoka ziyasebenza, zidonsa kahle emhlabathini, izihlahla, ziyakwazi ukubhukuda. Iningi labantu licabanga ukuthi ama-cobras anolaka, kepha empeleni, lezi zinyoka zizolile impela futhi ziyi-phlegmatic encane. Ngokwazi ukusebenza kwabo, kulula ukulawula, okuvame ukukhonjiswa "ngabathandi benyoka".
I-cobra yaseNingizimu Afrika (i-aspidelaps lubricus) ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa ezinemibala ekhanyayo yalezi zinyoka.
Ama-cobras adla ngamagundane amancane, izinyoni (ama-passerines nezidleke, isibonelo, izimbuzi), izibankwa, amasele, ubuhlalu, izinyoka ezincane, amaqanda. IKing cobra idla izirhubuluzi kuphela, futhi izibankwa zidla kakhulu, futhi zivame ukuzingela ezinye izinyoka. Izisulu zalo zivame ukuba yizinhlobo ezinobuthi kakhulu nezihlobo ezisondele kakhulu zama-cobras - ama-kraits kanye nama-aspid. AmaCobras abulala inyamazane yawo ngokuluma, afake ubuthi obunamandla emzimbeni wakhe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-cobras ajwayele ukuluma amazinyo awo kohlukumezekile futhi angawukhululi masisha, kube sengathi ukuhlafuna, ngaleyo ndlela anikeze ukwethula okusebenzayo kakhulu kobuthi. Ubuthi bazo zonke izinhlobo zama-cobras buyabulala kubantu, kepha amandla awo ahlukile ezinhlotsheni ezihlukile. Ubuthi be-Central Asia cobra "abunamandla" kakhulu, ukufa kusuka ekulimaleni kwayo kwenzeka emahoreni ambalwa noma ngisho nezinsuku, kepha ubuthi be-cobra yasebukhosini bungabulala umuntu ngehora lehora, ngaphezu kwalokho, kuba nezimo lapho ngisho nezindlovu zibulawa ukulunywa kwakhe!
I-King cobra, noma i-hamadriad (Ophiophagus hannah).
Phakathi kwama-cobras, kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezithile ezikhethekile ezisebenza ngendlela ekhethekile yokuzingela. Abazishayi isisulu sabo, kepha ... bamphele ubuthi. I-cobra yase-India ekhipha amathebhu ibhekwa njengeyisidubula esinembe kunazo zonke, futhi nama-cobras amnyama namachashaza amnyama avela e-Afrika analobu buchule. Kulezi zinhlobo, umgodi womsele onobuthi awukho phansi kwamazinyo, kodwa ebusweni bangaphambili, ngemisipha ekhethekile i-cobra icindezela izindlala ezinobuthi futhi uketshezi olubulalayo luphuma ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngokungathi luphuma kwisirinji. Ngesinye isikhathi, i-cobra iyakwazi ukudubula isibhamu eziningana (kuze kufike ku-28). Inyoka ingadubula ibanga elingafika kumamitha ayi-2, futhi ukusuka kuleli banga ukushaya ilitshe ngobubanzi bamasentimitha ambalwa. Ukunemba okunjalo akuyona ngengozi, ngoba ukubulala isisulu, ukumane ungene emzimbeni wakhe akwanele. Ubuthi abukwazi ukungena ngaphakathi kwezembozo zezinyamazane buwubulale, kepha bungaba nomphumela obucasulayo kakhulu kulwelwesi lwe-mucous. Ngakho-ke, ukukhafulela ama-cobras kuhlale kuhlose iso, umfudlana wobuthi uthukuthelisa izitho zombono futhi ohlukunyeziwe alahlekelwe ukujwayeza, kepha noma ngabe unenhlanhla yokuphunyuka, uphelile. Ubuthi bubangela ushintsho olungaphenduki kumaprotheni omzimba bese kuthi isisulu singaboni. Uma ubuthi bungena emehlweni omuntu, ungasindiswa kuphela ngokukhipha amehlo ngamanzi amaningi.
I-cobra ikhombisa indawo yokuzingela engasetshenziswa futhi ekuvikeleni.
Cobras zohlobo kanye ngonyaka. Isikhathi sokufuya sande kaningi ngoJanuwari-uFebhuwari (ngokwesibonelo, kuyi-Indian cobra) noma entwasahlobo (e-Central Asia), izinsikazi zalezi zinhlobo zizalela amaqanda azo ngo-Ephreli-Meyi noma ngoJuni-Julayi, ngokulandelana. Ukuzala kwama-cobras kuncike kakhulu ezinhlotsheni futhi kungahluka kusuka kumaqanda ayi-8 kuye kwangama-70. Uhlobo okuwukuphela kwalo olunikeza amawundlu bukhoma i-cobra enamabala, lingazala abantwana abangama-60. AmaCobras abeka amaqanda awo emifantwini ephakathi kwamatshe, inqwaba yamaqabunga nezinye izindawo zokukhosela ezifanayo. Abesifazane, njengomthetho, gada i-clutch. Okuthakazelisa kakhulu ukuziphatha kwama-cobras wasebukhosini kanye nawaseNdiya. Izinsikazi zazo azivikeli amaqanda kuphela, kepha futhi zibahlomisela isidleke. Lokhu kubukeka kumangalisa lapho ubheka ukuthi izinyoka azinamalungu ngokuphelele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-cobra ihlanza amaqabunga ngaphambili komzimba, ibeke amaqanda, kusele ukuthi iwagade. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesilisa abangashiyi abakhethiweyo babo kuze kufike isikhathi sokubandakulwa kwenzalo bathatha ingxenye enkulu kakhulu ekuvikeleni isidleke. Ngalesi sikhathi, ama-cobras amaNdiya nawasebukhosini angaba nolaka olukhulu, ngokushayela izilwane ngenkuthalo nabantu kude nezidleke zabo. Lesi kwakuyisizathu sokusola lezi zinyoka ngokuhlasela okungalindeleki kubantu, empeleni, ukuziphatha okunjalo kubonwa kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalela. Izinyoka ezibunjiweyo zizimele ngokuphelele futhi sezivele zinobuthi, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yencane yazo, ekuqaleni zihlasela inyamazane encane kunazo zonke kanye nezinambuzane. Ama-cobras asemancane, njengomthetho, anemicu, futhi i-cobra emnyama nomhlophe yaze yaba negama layo ngokunembile ngombala omncane. Isikhathi sokuphila se-cobras emvelweni asikasungulwa ngokuqondile; ekudingisweni, eyodwa cobra emnyama nomhlophe yaphila iminyaka engama-29, okuyinkomba ephezulu kakhulu yezinyoka.
Ukhipha cobra obomvu (Naja pallida).
Naphezu kobuthi obunamandla, ama-cobras nawo anezitha. Izinyoka ezinkulu, ukuqapha izibankwa kungahlasela izilwane ezincane, nama-mongooses nezinyamazane kubantu abadala. Yize lezi zilwane zingenakugomela kwangaphakathi ubuthi be-cobra, zidonsa ukunaka ngokunganaki ngemibhede engamanga ukuthi iyakwazi ukubamba lo mzuzu futhi ilume ukulimala ngemuva kwekhanda. I-cobra ebanjwe endleleni ye-mongoose noma i-meerkat ayinathuba lokusindiswa. Ukuvikela, ama-cobras anamadivayisi amaningi. Okokuqala, le rack edumile, eyenza indima yesiginali. Yize i-cobra, isinyusele i-hood, iyingozi kakhulu ngokubona komuntu, eqinisweni, ukuziphatha okunjalo kuvumela ukugwema umhlangano ongalindelekile nenyoka futhi ukugweme. UCobra yena uzuza ukusabela okunjalo. Okwesibili, uma ubamba noma ucasule i-cobra, ayiqhubeki nokuhlasela. Imvamisa ezimweni ezinjalo, i-reptile ixhumeka izithiyo ezingeziwe - umsindo omkhulu ( lalela ) nokuhlasela okungamanga ngesikhathi inyoka ingasebenzisi amazinyo anobuthi. Futhi uma lokho kungasizi, angakwazi ukuluma. I-Collared cobra ithathwa njengomunye "wabalingisi" abakhulu kakhulu bezinyoka zomhlaba. Uma kwenzeka ingozi (uma ukukhafulela ubuthi kungasizanga) uphendukela phansi bese, evula umlomo, ngobuhlakani sengathi ufile.
I-cobra yahlangana endleleni yomndeni wama-meerkat.
Ngenxa yokuthi ama-cobras ahlala emazweni anabantu abaningi, ahlala isikhathi eside nabantu. Kwezinye izimo, lezi zinyoka zifuna ngentshiseko indawo yabantu, ngakho amaNdiya, asebukhosini, ama-cobras aseGibhithe athanda ukuhlala ezindlini ezilahliwe nezindawo zokuhlala (izindlu ezingaphansi, amanxiwa, njll.). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, abantu babezwa ukwesaba lezi zinyoka, ngakolunye uhlangothi - ukumangala nokuhlonipha. Kuyajabulisa ukuthi isimo senhlonipho kuma-cobras sakhiwa ngokuqondile lapho kuhlala khona izidalwa ezikhulukazi nezinobuthi - eNdiya, eGibhithe. Iqiniso ngukuthi izakhamizi zala mazwe, zihlanganyele ngokuzithandela insimu ejwayelekile nama-cobras, zifunde kahle amasiko wazo futhi ziyazi ukuthi lezi zinyoka zibikezela, zizolile, ngakho-ke aziyona ingozi. Isikhathi eside kwakukhona umsebenzi oyingqayizivele womuntu okhipha inyoka. Yathunjwa izibukeli ezifihlayo ezazikwazi ukuphatha izinyoka ukuze ukusabela kwazo okuziphendukayo kungaphenduki ulaka. Ama-cobras ayegqokwa obhasikidi noma emjondolo, evula lapho u-caster eqala ukudlala ipayipi futhi inyoka yabonakala iphuma futhi idansa umculo. Eqinisweni, ama-cobras, njengazo zonke izinyoka, awezithulu, kepha asabela ekushintsheni kwepayipi okulinganiselwe futhi alandelele lesi "sitha" ngokubukeka, ngaphandle kubukeka njengomdanso. Ngokuphatha ngekhono, abasebenza ngezipelingi babehlisa isithunzi senyoka kangangokuba bazivumela ukuthi baqabule inyoka, izingcweti ezingenekhono zazincamela ukungazibeki engcupheni futhi zisuse amazinyo anobuthi ku-cobra. Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nezinkolelo zabantu abaningi, ukukhipha izinyo kwakungejwayelekile. Okokuqala, i-cobra encishwe ubuthi ayikwazi ukubamba nje kuphela, kepha futhi nokugaya inyamazane yayo, okusho ukuthi ihloselwe ukubulawa yindlala kancane. Ukushintsha izinyoka njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuwumsebenzi owengeziwe wabangasebenzi kahle basemgwaqweni. Okwesibili, izibukeli zingacela kumnikazi ukuthi akhombise amazinyo anobuthi be-cobra bese kuthi okhohlisayo abhekane nokudingiswa okuyihloni nokuntuleka kwemali. Kuphela ama-cobras amaNdiya nawaseGibhithe kuphela afunda ukulambisa.
I-Snake charmer ne-Indian cobra.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, eNdiya, ama-cobras ayevame ukuhlala emathempelini, ngokungafani nezindawo zokuhlala, akekho owazixosha lapha. UCobras akagcinanga ngokuqonda okwenziwe samuntu futhi futhi waba yindaba yokukhonza, kodwa futhi wenza umsebenzi oyimfihlo wonogada. Amasela wasebusuku, ejaha ingcebo, wayenamathuba onke amnyama ukulunywa yinyoka. Umlando futhi wazi nezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zokusebenzisa “ama-cobras. Imvamisa babejikijelwa ekhaya labantu abangavumelani nabo ababefuna ukubhekana nabo ngaphandle komphakathi nokuqulwa kwecala. Kuyaziwa ngokweqiniso ukuthi ngosizo lwe-cobra, iNdlovukazi edume yaseGibhithe uCleopatra washaya impilo yakhe. Namuhla, ama-cobras asabeka ingozi ebantwini. Kuliqiniso, le ngozi ayibangelwa kangako yizinyoka ngokwazo ngokwanda kwezinye izifunda - cishe azikho izindawo emvelweni lapho izingcobras zingafihla khona kubantu. Umakhelwane onjalo uvame ukuguquka ube "yizingxabano", minyaka yonke kusuka ekulimeni kwama-cobras eNdiya (kuye ngezinga elincane e-Afrika), kuze kufe abantu abayinkulungwane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokumelene nobuthi be-cobras, kukhona i-antidote eyenziwe kuma-snariums. I-Cobra venom nayo iyindwangu ebalulekile eluhlaza okwenziwa kuyo inqwaba yemithi. Kulokhu, izinyoka ziyabanjwa futhi "zibiliswe ubisi", umuntu oyedwa angakhipha izingxenye eziningana zetyhefu, kepha ubudala bayo ekuthunjweni bufushane, ngakho-ke lezi ezihuquzelayo zidinga ukuvikelwa. Ngakho-ke, i-cobra ese-Central Asia ibhalwe ku-International Red Book. Ngokucacile imikhuba yama-cobras kanye nobudlelwano bawo nama-mongooses kuchazwe uRudyard Kipling endabeni ethi "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi".
Funda ngezilwane okukhulunywe ngazo kule ndatshana: izinyoka, imidlwane, izibankwa, ukuqapha izibankwa, amasele, ubuhlalu, imilozindlovu, izindlovu.
Ahlala kuphi ama-cobras?
Lezi ezihuquzelayo zingatholakala e-Afrika nase-Asia. Ama-cobras ayizidalwa ezishisayo kakhulu, ngeke aphile lapho kubanda kakhulu noma kuwa iqhwa. Kepha kumthetho ngamunye kukhona okuhlukile - i-Central Asia cobra, ihlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yeTurkmenistan, Uzbekistan neTajikistan.
I-King cobra, noma i-hamadriad (Ophiophagus hannah).
Emvelweni, ama-cobras angabonakala ezindaweni ezomile kakhulu. Bathanda izihlahlana, ogwadule, kwesinye isikhathi bafika osebeni lwemifula, noma kunjalo, ezindaweni ezimanzi kakhulu futhi ezinamaxhaphozi lezi ezihuquzelayo azitholakali. Ezinye izinhlobo zikhetha izindawo zezintaba njengekhaya labo, kepha azikhuphuli ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-2400 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Ukhipha cobra obomvu (Naja pallida).
AmaCobras, ngendlela yabo yokuphila, ayizilwane ezihlala zodwa, noma kunjalo, zazo zonke izinyoka ezihlala emhlabeni, yizo kuphela ezakha izibini zonyaka wokuzala (ezinye izinyoka, njengoba wazi, ngemuva kokuzalelana, ngokushesha ziyaqhekeka zingabonani)
Ngabe i-cobra idlani?
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwalesi silwanyana esidliwayo ngamagundane amancane nezinyoni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-cobras adla amaxoxo, ubuhlalu, izibankwa nezinyoka ezincane, futhi adle amaqanda ezinyoni. Ama-cobras, aqaphela inyamazane engaba khona, ayaphuthuma ayikume, ayithinte into enobuthi emzimbeni wesisulu.
UCobra unesidlo sasemini samasele.
Ubuthi bawo wonke ama-cobras buyabulala uma udakwe! "Owenza isikhathi eside" ubuthi be-cobra waseCentral, ukufa kwenzeka ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa. Ngokuqondene nesihlungu senkosi cobra, ngemuva kokuluma kwayo, umuntu ufa ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-30.
Isikhathi sokuzala salezi ezihubhayo ziza kanye ngonyaka. Zonke izinhlobo zezilwane, ngaphandle kwekholaji, zibeka amaqanda (kusuka ezingcebeni ezi-8 ziye kwezingama-70). I-Collared cobra izala amawundlu bukhoma (kuze kufike ezinganeni ezingama-60 ngesizini eyodwa).
I-cobra yahlangana endleleni yomndeni wama-meerkat.
Ukwakha izimo ezintofontofo zezinzalo ezizayo, amanye ama-cobras ahlomisa kahle isidleke. Isibonelo, ama-cobras amaNdiya nawasebukhosini: aqala amaqabunga awile kwisinqulu esikhulu esithambile bese esewabekela amaqanda. Kuyamangaza ukuthi bakwenza kanjani ngaphandle kosizo lwamalungu?!
Habitat
ICobras ihlala eMhlabeni Omdala - e-Afrika (cishe lonke izwekazi), iNingizimu neCentral Asia (Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka). Njengoba sekushiwo, le Cobra iyi-thermophilic kakhulu - ngeke ihlale lapho kuneqhwa neqhwa ebusika. Okuhlukile, mhlawumbe, uhlala kuphela eTurkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan. Uma zoma izindawo, zithandeka kakhulu kulokhu okuhuqayo. Imvamisa, bakhetha ama-bush, emahlathini, ogwadule kanye nogwadule. Kwezinye izikhathi zingabonakala osebeni lwemifula, kepha kaningi zivimbela izindawo ezinomswakama. ICobra iyatholakala nasezintabeni, kepha ingaphakeme ngamamitha angama-2400 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Ukuzala
Lezi zinyoka zizalela kanye ngonyaka. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka ngoJanuwari-uFebhuwari noma entwasahlobo. Ukuzala kwalezi ezihubhayo kuncike kakhulu ezinhlotsheni zazo. Owesifazane oyedwa angazalela amaqanda ayisishiyagalombili kuya kwamashumi ayisikhombisa.
I-Collared cobra ingukuphela kwazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane ezizala amazinyane aphilayo. Uyakwazi ukuzala izingane ezingafika kwamashumi ayisithupha. Ama-cobras aseRoyal naseNdiya anolaka olukhulu ngalesi sikhathi. Vikela inzalo yabo ngokushayela izilwane nabantu kude nesidleke.Lokhu kuziphatha akuyona into ejwayelekile kubo futhi kuvela kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalela.
Ngubani owesaba i-cobra
Phezu kokuthi le nyoka iyingozi kakhulu, futhi inezitha ezinkulu. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu zingadla amawundlu akhe. Abantu abadala bangabhujiswa ngama-meerkats nama-mongooses. Lezi zilwane azinakugwenywa maqondana nobuthi be-cobras, noma kunjalo ziyakwazi ukuphambukisa ukunaka kwenyoka ngemidalo yazo emanga. Babamba umzuzu ofanele bese bemluma ngentambo ebulalayo. Lapho i-cobra ihlangana ne-meerkat noma i-mongoose isendleleni, cishe ayinethuba lokusindiswa.
Indian cobra
Le nhlobonhlobo itholakala kakhulu e-Afrika naseNingizimu Asia. Imvamisa kaningi bayibiza. Leli gama alitholile ngenxa yemfashini engemuva kwe-hood. Siqukethe izindandatho ezimbili ezihlanzekile ezinomnsalo. Lapho le cobra enobuthi izivikela, iphakamisa ingaphambili lomzimba wayo cishe ngokuthe nkqo, bese kuvela i-hood ngemuva kwekhanda layo. Ubude benyoka buyi-1 metres amasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili. Idla kakhulu kuma-amphibians - namagundane nezikhala ezincane, futhi ngeke inqabe amaqanda ezinyoni. Le inyoka enoshevu kakhulu. ICobra Naja naja ivame ukubeka amaqanda angama-45! Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi owesilisa ubuye aqaphe ukuphepha kobumbono.
Ukhafulela i-cobra
Lokhu subspecies ekhethekile Indian cobra. Ishaya ubuthi esitheni esisebangeni elingamamitha amabili, futhi ikwazi ukushaya ilitshe ngobubanzi obungaba amasentimitha amabili. Futhi, kufanele ngithi, inyoka inembe kakhulu. Ukubulala isisulu, ukuthola ubuthi emzimbeni akwanele. Ubuthi abungeni esikhunjeni, kepha buyingozi kakhulu uma bungena kulwelwesi lwama-mucous. Ngakho-ke, inhloso eyinhloko yalezi zinyoka ngamehlo. Ngokushaya okuqondile, isisulu singalahlekelwa ngokuphelele ukubona. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, hlamba amehlo akho ngokushesha ngamanzi amaningi.
I-cobra yaseGibhithe
Kusatshalaliswa nase-Afrika. Le futhi inyoka enobuthi. I-cobra Naja haje ikhula ibe ngamamitha amabili ubude. I-hood yakhe incane kakhulu kunalesihlobo sakhe esingumNdiya. KumaGibhithe asendulo, kwakufanekisela amandla, futhi ukulunywa yingozi kwayo kwakusetshenziswa njengendlela yokubulala ngenkathi kubulawa umphakathi.
INkosi uCobra Snake (Hamadriad)
Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi le inyoka enkulu enobuthi emhlabeni. Ubude babantu abadala bungaphezu kwamamitha amathathu, kepha amacala okuhlaba umxhwele ngaphezulu alotshwe - amamitha ayi-5.5! Lokhu kungumbono ongaqondile. Kukhona isidalwa esikhulu esidlula lesi ngokumelene ne-anaconda ingahle ibonakale njengengane encane - phela, abanye abantu balolu hlobo bafika kubude bamamitha ayishumi!
IHamadriads zivamile eNdiya, eningizimu yeHimalayas, eningizimu yeChina, Philippines, eBali nase-Indochina. Esikhathini esiningi, i-reptile isemhlabathini, kepha ngasikhathi sinye ikwazi ukudabula izihlahla ibhukuda kahle. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lesi sidalwa esimangalisayo i-cobra yasebukhosini. Inyoka ingaba kanjani nobukhulu obuhlaba umxhwele kanjalo? Abaningi bayamangala ngalokhu. Ngempela, ubukhulu baso bumangalisa ngokumangalisayo, noma bungabukeki bunzima kakhulu futhi bukhulu, njengesibonelo, i-python.
Isikhali esibulalayo
Inyoka enobungozi isishaya kanjani isisulu sayo? I-Royal cobra ithela ubuthi bayo obuqine kakhulu. Ivolumu yayo incike ngosayizi nesisindo somhlukunyezwa. Imvamisa inani laso liphakeme kaningana kunethamo elibulalayo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, ukudla inyamazane enobuthi, inyoka ngokwayo ayihlupheki nakancane.
Imvamisa, ukuze kusabise umuntu, ukulunywa yi-cobra, kepha akuvumeli ubuthi ngoba kuyadingeka ekuzingeleni. Kodwa akukho simo angeke ube nethemba ngakho! Ubuthi beCobra bungabulala indlovu emahoreni ambalwa. Ikhubazeka uhlelo lwemisipha futhi ohlaselwe abulawa ukuqunjelwa. Lapho ubuthi bungena emzimbeni, umuntu ufa ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-15.
Ososayensi, inyoka le ithakazelisa kakhulu. ICobra, enobuthi bayo obunobuthi obungenakuphikwa, futhi ingazuzisa kubantu. Kun? Ekuqhubekeni kocwaningo, kwavela ukuthi ubuthi bayo emithanjeni emincane bungasetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwemithi ebalulekile ethinta kahle izinqubo zenhliziyo nezinzwa, yenza umfutho wegazi ube ngokwejwayelekile. Ososayensi emhlabeni wonke bebelokhu befunda lobu buthi iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisihlanu, futhi yize besenesikhathi eside kangaka sokucwaninga, bathola kuwo amakhompiyutha amasha akhululekile awusizo emithini yesimanje.
Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-cobras anolaka kakhulu. Lokhu akulona iqiniso. Bazolile kakhulu, ungabiza nokuziphatha kwabo njenge-phlegmatic. Uma utadisha kahle imikhuba yama-aspid, ungayilawula, okuvame ukukhonjiswa "abanhliziyo" abanekhono bezinyoka. I-King cobra iyisidalwa esiyingozi, kepha kufanele wazi ukuthi uma uhlangana nomuntu, ayihlaseli, kepha iyazivikela.
Akukacaci ukuthi kungani le cobra yabizwa ngokuthi yasebukhosini. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yobukhulu obukhulu (i-4-6 m), ehlukanisa phakathi nesizinda sezinye i-cobras noma ngenxa yomkhuba wokuzidla wokudla ezinye izinyoka, ukuhlekisa ngamagundane amancane, izinyoni namaxoxo.
Incazelo ye-King Cobra
Iyingxenye yomndeni wama-aspid, yakha uhlobo lwayo (olufanayo) nohlobo lwayo - i-cobra yasebukhosini. Uyakwazi uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi ukucindezela izimbambo zesifuba ukuze umzimba ongaphezulu uphenduke uhlobo lwe-hood. Lokhu kugxilwa kwentamo kugxila ngenxa yokugoqwa kwesikhumba ezinhlangothini zayo. Kukhona indawo encane eyisicaba engenhla kwekhanda lenyoka, amehlo mancane, ngokuvamile amnyama.
Wanikezwa igama elithi "cobra" ngamaPutukezi afika eNdiya ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16. Kuqala, babiza i-eyeglass cobra ngokuthi "inyoka egqokeni" ("cobra de capello"). Ngemuva kwalokho isiteketiso salahlekelwa yingxenye yaso yesibili futhi sanikezwa bonke abamele imindeni.
Phakathi kwabo, abasebenza nge-herpetologists babiza inyoka ngokuthi uHana, kusukela egameni layo lesi-Latin elithi Ophiophagus hannah, bahlukanise izirhubuluzi babe ngamaqembu amakhulu angawodwa:
- izwekazi / Chinese - ngemivimbo ebanzi nephethini ngisho nasemzimbeni wonke,
- isiqhingi / i-indonesian - Abantu abangabodwa be-monophonic abanezindawo ezibomvu ezingalingani umphimbo kanye nemivimbo egqamile (emincane) edlula.
Ngokuya kombala wenyoka esencane, sekuvele ukuqonda ukuthi hlobo luni kulezi zinhlobo ezimbili: abancane beqembu lase-Indonesia bakhombisa imichilo emincane egqekeza nezihlangu zesisu eduze kwesiqu. Kuliqiniso, kukhona nombala ophakathi nendawo ngenxa yemingcele esusiwe phakathi kwezinhlobo. Umbala wesikali emhlane uncike endaweni lapho uhlala khona futhi ungaba ophuzi, onsundu, luhlaza okotshani nomnyama. Isikali esingaphansi kwesimo esivamile ngokuvamile silula futhi sinombala omuncu.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-King cobra iyakwazi "ukukhula". Kuzwakale umsindo onjengeqhubu ukhipha umqala lapho inyoka ithukuthele. Ithuluzi "lokubhonga" elijulile ngama-diversiculum ama-tracheal azwakala kumaza amade. Indida, kepha enye inyoka ebabayo ibhekwa njengenyoka eluhlaza, evame ukuwa etafuleni likaHana lokudlela.
Ububanzi, iKing Cobra Habitat
I-Southeast Asia (izwe eliqashelwayo lazo zonke izifiso), kanye neNingizimu ne-Asia, baba indawo yabo evamile yecobra yasobukhosi. Isilwane esifuywayo sesihlalise emahlathini emvula asePakistan, Philippines, South China, Vietnam, Indonesia naseNdiya (eningizimu yeHimalaya).
Njengoba kwenzeka ngenxa yokulandela ngomkhondo kusetshenziswa ama-beacons omsakazo, amanye ama-hans akaze ashiye izindawo ahlala kuzo, kepha ezinye izinyoka ziyahamba, zihamba amashumi amakhilomitha.
Eminyakeni yamuva, uHans uye wazinza ngokwengeziwe eduze kwezindlu zabantu. Lokhu kungenxa yentuthuko yokukhiqizwa kwezolimo okukhulu e-Asia, ngaphansi kwezidingo zawo amahlathi agawulwa lapho ama-cobras ejwayele ukuhlala khona.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukunwebeka kwendawo ehlwanyelwe kuholela ekukhiqizweni kwamagundane, okuheha izinyoka ezincane, inkosi cobra ethanda ukuyidla.
Isikhathi nendlela yokuphila
Uma i-cobra yenkosi ingawa ezinweni le-mongoose, ingahlala iminyaka engama-30 noma ngaphezulu. I-reptile ikhula kuyo yonke impilo yayo ende, i-molting kusuka kane kuya kwayi-6 ngonyaka. Ukuhlanza kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-10 futhi kuyacindezela emzimbeni wezinyoka: i-hannah iba sengozini futhi ifune indawo yokuhlala efudumele, evame ukudlalwa yindlu yabantu.
Kuyathakazelisa! INkosi cobra inyathela emhlabathini, icashe emiseleni / emihumeni futhi igibela izihlahla. Ofakazi bokuzibonela bathi i-reptile nayo ibhukuda kahle.
Abantu abaningi bayazi ngekhono le-cobra ukuthatha ukuma okuqondile kusetshenziswe kuze kufike ku-1/3 womzimba wayo. . Ukulenga okungajwayelekile kanjalo akuvimbeli i-cobra ekuhambeni, futhi kusebenza njengethuluzi lokubusa phezu kwama-cobras angomakhelwane. Owinile uyisilwane esidliwayo, lapho esenyukele phezulu, uzokwazi "ukudonsa" umphikisi wakhe emqheleni lekhanda lakhe. I-cobra ethobekile iguqula ukuma kwayo okuqondile kube yindawo yokuma evundlile futhi englori.
Izitha zenkosi cobra
Akungabazeki ukuthi uHana unobuthi obukhulu, kodwa hhayi ongafi. Futhi unezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo, ezifaka:
Lezi zimbili zokugcina azinikezi inkosi cobras ithuba lokusindiswa, yize ingenakho ukuzivikela komzimba ngokumelene nesihlungu senkosi cobra. Kufanele bathembele kuphela ekuthini baphendule futhi budide kangakanani, kuyaqabukela kubadumaze. I-mongoose, lapho ibonile i-cobra, ingena ekuzingeleni injabulo futhi ingaphuthelwa ithuba lokuyihlasela.
Isilwane siyakwazi ukubuyiselwa kukaHana okuthile ngakho-ke sisebenzisa isu lobuqili elakhiwe kahle: gxuma - gxuma, bese siphinda singene ekuphambukeni. Ngemuva kochungechunge lokuhlaselwa ngamanga, kuphuma umbani owodwa ngemuva ekhanda, okuholele ekufeni kwenyoka, kulandela.
Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezinkulu futhi zisongela inzalo yakhe. Kepha olwa impi enobudlova kunabo bonke wabulala umuntu futhi ubamba lezi zinyoka.
INkosi uCobra
Igama lesayensi u-Ophiophagus hannah ("odla izinyoka") alithola ngenxa yokulutha kwalo okungajwayelekile kwe-gastronomic. Ngenkulu intokozo abakwaHana badla uhlobo lwayo - izinyoka ezinjenge-boogie, kufi, izinyoka, ama-pythons, ama-kraits kanye ne-cobras. Kaningi, i-cobra yenkosi ifaka izibankwa ezinkulu, kufaka phakathi ukuqapha izingwekazi, kwimenyu yayo. Kwezinye izimo, inyamazane yecobra iyodwa. .
Lapho izingelwa, inyoka ishiya i-phlegm yayo evelele: isisukela ngokushesha isisulu, iqale ukuyibamba ngomsila, bese inamathela amazinyo ayo abukhali eduze kwekhanda (indawo esengozini kakhulu). UHana ubulala inyamazane yakhe ngokuluma, afake ubuthi obunamandla emzimbeni wakhe. Amazinyo e-Cobra amafushane (kuphela ama-5mm): awangezi, njengazo zonke ezinye izinyoka ezinobuthi. Ngenxa yalokho, uHana akagcini ngokukhala okusheshayo, kodwa uphoqelelwa ukuba alume ohlukumezekile, amlume kaningi.
Kuyathakazelisa! I-cobra ayihlushwa ubudlova futhi iyakwazi ukumelana nesiteleka eside sendlala (cishe izinyanga ezintathu): kakhulu nje njengoba kumthatha ukubopha inzalo.
Cobra ukuluma, kusebenza kanjani ubuthi
Ngokuphikisana nokwasemuva kobuthi obuvela ezihlotsheni zohlobo lweNaja, ubuthi benkosi cobra bubukeka bunobuthi kangako, kepha buyingozi ngokwengeziwe ngomthamo wayo (kufika ku-7 ml). Lokhu kwanele ukuthumela indlovu komunye umhlaba, futhi ukufa komuntu kwenzeka kwikota yehora. Umphumela we-neurotoxic ubuthi uzibonakalisa ngobuhlungu obukhulu, ukwehla okubukhali kokubona nokukhubazeka komzimba . Kube sekufika ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, ukoma nokufa.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngokudabukisayo, eNdiya, lapho kufa khona izakhamuzi zezwe ezingaba yizinkulungwane ezingama-50 unyaka ngamunye ngenxa yokulunywa izinyoka ezinobuthi, amaNdiya amancane kakhulu afa ngokuhlaselwa kwe-cobra yasebukhosini.
Ngokwezibalo, ama-10% kuphela wokulunywa yi-hannah abulawa ngabantu, okuchazwa yizici ezimbili zokuziphatha kwawo.
Okokuqala, yinyoka enesineke kakhulu, elungele ukuvumela ozayo ozayo ukuthi aphuthelwe ngaphandle kokulimaza impilo yomuntu. Udinga nje ukusukuma / uhlale phansi ukuze ube semgqeni wamehlo akhe, hhayi ukuthi uhambe ngokushesha futhi uphefumule ngomoya ophansi ngaphandle kokubheka kude. Ezimweni eziningi, i-cobra iphunyuka ngaphandle kokubona usongo kumhambi.
Okwesibili, inkosi cobra iyakwazi ukulawula ukugeleza kwesihlungu ngesikhathi sokuhlasela: ivala izindunduma zezindlala ezinobuthi, zithontelana nemisipha ekhethekile. Inani le-toxin ekhishwe ngokuya ngosayizi womuntu ohlukunyezwayo futhi livame ukudlula umthamo obulalayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukwesabisa umuntu, isilwane esidliwayo kasiqinisi ukuluma ngomjovo onoshevu. Izazi zebhayoloji zikholelwa ukuthi inyoka igcina ubuthi ekuzingeleni, ingafuni ukuyichitha ingenzi lutho.
Ama-herpetologists abheka le nyoka njengokuthakazelisa kakhulu futhi iyamangaza, kepha balulekisa abaqalayo ukuthi bacabange kayikhulu ngaphambi kokuyiqala ekhaya. Ubunzima obukhulu bubekwe ekujwayeleni i-cobra yasebukhosini ekudleni okusha: ngeke umondle ngezinyoka, ama-pythons nokuqapha izibankwa.
Inketho enkulu yesabelomali (amagundane) igcwele ubunzima obunye:
- ngokudla okungapheli kwegundane, isibindi esinamafutha kungenzeka,
- Ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, amagundane njengokuphakelayo kuthinta kabi imisebenzi yenyoka yokuzala.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukudlulisela i-cobra kumagundane kuthatha isikhathi kakhulu futhi kungenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Esidlekeni sokuqala, ziphekelwa izinyoka ezithukiwe ngamagundane, kancane kancane zinciphise inani lenyoka yenyoka. Indlela yesibili ifaka ukugeza isidumbu somugqa kusuka kunephunga bese usigcoba ngocezu lwenyoka. Amagundane awafakwa njengokuphakelayo.
Izinyoka ezindala zidinga i-terrarium enobude okungenani bamamitha ayi-1,2. Uma i-cobra inkulu - ifinyelela kumamitha amathathu (izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zinamathangi anele anobude obungama-30-40 cm). Okwe-terrarium okudingeka uyilungiselele:
- i-driftwood / amagatsha (ikakhulukazi izinyoka ezincane),
- isiphuzo esikhulu (i-cobras siphuza kakhulu)
- substrate kuya phansi (i-sphagnum, coconut noma iphephandaba).
Gcina izinga lokushisa ku-terrarium lingakapheli + ama-22 + 27 degrees . Khumbula ukuthi i-king cobras ithanda kakhulu umswakama: umswakama akufanele uwe ngaphansi kwama-60-70%. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandelela lezi zinkomba ngesikhathi sokuphamba kwezilwanyana.
Futhi ungakhohlwa ngokuqapha ngokweqile phakathi nakho konke ukukhohlakala nenkosi cobra: gqoka amagilavu uyigcine kude.
I-cobra yasebukhosini (igama layo lesibili yi-hamadriad) ibhekwa njengenyoka enobuthi futhi ende kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ubukhulu bawo nokubukeka kwangempela kubangela inhlonipho nomuzwa wokwesaba.
Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi ubude bokuqoshwa komzimba wenkosi enkulu kunazo zonke cobra ngamasentimitha angama-560, futhi ubude obuphakathi buyahluka phakathi kwamamitha amathathu no-4.
Ekhanda, ngaphezu kwezihlangu ezijwayelekile ze-occipital, ngesimo sesigaxa, kunezihlangu ezingekho emthethweni ezi-6, okuluhlobo lokuhlobisa kwe-cobra futhi zakha i-hood emincane.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-cobra futhi ihlala kuphi?
Umbala oyinhloko we-cobra yenkosi onsundu noma uphuzi ngokuhlaza, kepha umbala uhlukahluka - lokhu kungenxa yendawo ebanzi ye-cobra. Imnyama indawo lapho ihlosi lihlala khona, isikhumba salo siba mnyama kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibala ejwayelekile yokushintsha imibala enamasongo amnyama atholakala azungezwe womzimba wenyoka. Lezi izindandatho zinemidwebo ebabazekayo eduze kwentamo futhi kuthiwa ngomsila.
Inqubo yokuncibilikisa kubantu abadala yenzeka izikhathi ezi-4-6 ngonyaka, nakwabancane cishe kanye ngenyanga. Kanye nokubukeka kwesikhumba esisha, i-cobra ithola Amehlo namazinyo ahlaziyiwe.
Ezinsukwini zokuqala ngemuva kokuqunjelwa, umbono "wendlovukazi" uzokonakala kakhulu, kepha, ngemuva kokululama okusheshayo, usazokwazi ukubona izinto ebangeni lamamitha angama-90-100.
Lapho i-molt iphela, i-hamadriad iba sengozini futhi iqale ukubheka indawo efudumele yokuphephela, imvamisa le ndawo okuhlala kuyo umuntu.
Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi le nyoka engajwayelekile ingaphila ngokwesilinganiso iminyaka engama-30, futhi kukho konke okukhona kukho iyaqhubeka ikhula.
Indawo yokuhlala yenkosi cobra iyahlaba umxhwele ububanzi bayo futhi ihlala iningi laseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia; indawo yokusabalalisa ihlanganisa indawo ukusuka eNdiya iya ePhilippines.
I-King cobra nayo ingabonakala ezindaweni ezithile zePakistan, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia. Imvamisa, le nhlobo itholakala ezindaweni ezisehlathini, noma kunjalo, kunezimo zokusatshalaliswa emazweni athuthukiswe ngumuntu.
IKing cobra ingaphila ngempumelelo hhayi emhlabeni kuphela, ingumbhukudi omuhle kakhulu futhi ihamba kahle ngezihlahla.Yize ihlala ikakhulukazi emhlabeni, ezimeni noma emihumeni.
Ngabe idlani inkosi cobra?
Ukudla kwenkosi cobra akuhlukile kangako, uma kuqhathaniswa nabanye abamele izinyoka.
Isizathu salokhu ukuthi lolu hlobo lwe-cobra londla ikakhulu ezinye izinyoka. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-lizons angangena ekudleni kwawo, kepha ngaphandle kwakho konke, okuthandwa kunikezwa kuhlobo lwawo, ukugwinya luphelele.
Kungenxa yalokhu kudla okuyisimanga ukuthi i-cobra yasebukhosini yanikezwa igama elisemthethweni, okuthe kumisindo yokuqala kuzwakala njenge-Ophiophagus hannah, futhi ngokwezwi nezwi lisho ukuthi "odla izinyoka".
Isikhathi esithile, i-cobra ingakwazi ngaphandle kokudla. Lokhu kusebenza kulezi zinyanga ezintathu lapho insikazi ivikela amaqanda ayo.
Ukuzingela kweCobra kanye nezimpawu zobuthi bayo
Kuyaziwa ukuthi ubuthi benkosi cobra, engena emzimbeni, bunomphumela oqinile kuyo, ikakhulukazi lokhu kusebenza ohlelweni lokuphefumula lomuntu ohlukunyeziwe.
Ngenxa yokulimala kwalesi ubuthi emzimbeni, ukukhubazeka kwezicubu zohlelo lokuphefumula kwenzeka, okubangela ukuboshwa kokuphefumula, futhi, ngokufanele, kuholele ekufeni. Imiphumela emibi kakhulu yokuluma okuncane, akunjalo?
Lapho i-cobra iluma, cishe u-6 ml wobuhlungu benyoka ungena emzimbeni womuntu noma wesilwane, futhi leli phuzo lingathathwa njengelibulalayo.
Umuntu othole isilinganiso esinjalo sobuthi uphila isikhathi esingadluli imizuzu eyi-15. Kepha kubalulekile ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi kukhona i-antidote - antivenin engasindisa umuntu, kepha ukuze uyisindise udinga ukufaka i-antidote emzimbeni ngokushesha ngemuva kokulunywa, futhi lokhu akuhlali kunjalo kubantu.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo ukuthi, ngaphandle kobutha nobunzima obukhulu benkosi cobra, kuye kwaba nezimo ezimbalwa zokufa komuntu ngemuva kokulunywa kwayo.
Ngokusobala, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi inyamazane ye-cobra kwezinye izinyoka, kufaka phakathi ezinobuthi, zisebenzisa ubuthi bayo njengesikhali sangempela, ngakho-ke ukusaphaza ubuthi akusizi ngalutho kule cobra futhi yingakho, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zama-cobras, Ungamkhafuleli ubuthi.
Ukwesabisa nokuxosha umuntu, inyoka isebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "okungenamsebenzi" ukuluma, lapho ubuthi bungabonakali futhi buthule kuye. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-cobra ihlangana nemisipha ethile futhi ivimbe iziteshi zezindlala ezinobuthi.
Ama-Cobras uqobo awanakufa ngenxa yokuchayeka uphoyizeni wawo, isizathu salokhu kungaba ukungatheleleki okwakhekile.
Isibopho
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-king cobras ijwayelekile impela emvelweni futhi ayifakwanga kwi-Red Book, lolu hlobo lwezinyoka aluvamile ukubonwa kuma-zoos (ikakhulukazi ngenxa yobudlova bawo obuphezulu).
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunzima kakhulu ukudlulisela i-cobra ekudleni ngamagundane, okuyinto engayiboni nhlobo njengomkhiqizo wokudla, ngakho-ke uma ngokungazelelwe ufuna ukuzitholela i-cobra eyenziwe ekhaya, kungcono ukuwuyeka umbono onjalo ..)
Ukuhluleka kokuzingela okuyi-mongoose okuyi-cobra
AmaMongooses, njengoba kungenzeka uyazi, uvame ukuzingela izinyoka ezinobuthi. Kodwa kukude njalo ukuthi ukuzingela okunjalo kuphephile ngokuphepha kulezi zilwane ezincane ezinamanzi. Kule vidiyo ungabona impi emfushane ye-mongoose ngokumelene ne-cobra:
Uyayithanda i-athikili? Chofoza njengo:
I-Ophiophagus hannah (Cantor,)
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Isikhathi sokuphila singaphezu kweminyaka engama-30. Ikhula impilo yonke.
IKing cobra ivelele njengohlobo oluzimele I-Ophiophagus okuhlobene ne-subfamily Elapinae umndeni wama-aspid (Elapidae ).
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Ama-cobras athanda ukucasha emihumeni nasemiseleni, futhi ayakhasa ezihlahleni. Ezinye izinyoka zithanda indawo ethile, kepha ezinye zingahamba amashumi amakhilomitha (eyasungulwa ngokulandela umkhondo isebenzisa ama-radio beacons afakiwe).
Ama-cobras ama-King angaphakamisa amakhanda awo ngokuthe ngqo kokuthathu kokuphambi kwemizimba yawo, futhi akwazi ukuhamba kulesi sikhundla. Lapho enye inkosi cobra ihlangana nenye, izama ukuthinta umqhele wayo ukukhombisa isikhundla sayo esivelele, nenyoka eyayithinta ngokushesha iyagoba futhi inyamalale.
Ama-cobras ama-King ngokuvamile ahlala eduze kwabantu. Isizathu ukuthi e-Asia, ukukhiqizwa kwezolimo okwenziwa ngesilinganiso esikhulu kuholele ekunciphiseni okukhulu emahlathini emvula ahlalwa yinkosi cobras, ngasikhathi sinye, izitshalo ziheha izinduku, izinduku ziheha izinyoka ezincane, bese zona, zakha ukudla kwenkosi cobra.
IKing cobra ilawula ukusetshenziswa kwetyhefu ngesikhathi sokuhlasela, ivimba izindunduma zezindlala ezinobuthi ngokuhlangana kwezicubu zomzimba. Inani lobuthi buya ngosayizi womuntu ohlukunyezwayo futhi imvamisa licishe li-oda lokuphakama liphezulu kunethamo elibulalayo. I-neurotoxin enobuthi ngokwayo ayisebenzi inyoka uqobo lwayo, futhi ayibuthi ubuthi lapho idla isisulu esinobuthi nayo.
Imvamisa, emizameni yokwesabisa umuntu, inyoka iyaluma “kube munye” ngaphandle kokufaka ubuthi. Ngokusobala, lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-cobra idinga ubuthi ngokuyinhloko ekuzingeleni, futhi ukulahleka ngengozi noma ngokungadingekile kobuthi kungathandeki.
Isihlungu se-King cobra sinomphumela we-neurotoxic kakhulu. Ubuthi buvimbela ukuqina kwemisipha, obangela ukukhubazeka kwemisipha yokuphefumula, ukuboshwa kokuphefumula nokufa. Amandla ayo nevolumu (kuze kufike ku-7 ml) kwanele ukwenza ukuthi umuntu afe emizuzwini eyi-15 ngemuva kokulunywa okugcwele kokuqala. Ezimweni ezinjalo, amathuba okufa angadlula i-75%. Kepha, kucatshangelwa zonke izici zokuziphatha kwe-cobra yasebukhosini, ngokuvamile, ngamaphesenti ayi-10 kuphela okulimala kubantu. Kodwa-ke, kube nezimo lapho ngisho nezindlovu zaseNdiya zafa amahora amathathu kuya kwamane ngemuva kokulunywa yinyosi yasebukhosini, uma ukulunywa kufakwe ngasekupheleni kwesiqu noma emilenzeni (okuwukuphela kwezitho zomzimba wendlovu ezisengozini yokukulunywa yinyoka).
ENdiya, ukufa kwabantu ngokulunywa yinyosi yasebukhosini kuyaqabukela, yize iqiniso lokuthi abantu abafinyelela ezinkulungwaneni ezingama-50 bafa minyaka yonke ngenxa yokulunywa yinyoka enobuthi kuleli.
Ukuziphatha okuvikelayo
Ngokuzivikela nokwenza izibiliboco ezesabekayo lapho umuntu noma isilwane simhlupha, inkosi cobra iyakwazi ukwenza imisindo ekhonkotha isebenzisa amandla amakhulu kakhulu wezinto zayo zokuphefumula. Phakathi kwezinyoka, kanye ne-cobra yenkosi, inyoka yama-Indian rat kuphela ekwazi ukwenza imisindo ngokuhamba kokuphefumula.
Izinkomba
- Database Reptile: Ophiophagus hannah (eng.)
- Izinhlobo ezisengozini
- Izilwane Ngokwe-alfabhethi
- Aspids
- Izilwanyane zase-Asia
- Izilwane ezichazwe ngonyaka we-1836
- Uhlobo lokuzalwa kwezilwane ezihuquzelayo
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