Amagundane namahlathi Amagundane
Njengama-moles, kusondele kuphela ebusweni, futhi ebusika, ngaphansi kweqhwa nje, ama-voles asensimini kanye namagundane asehlathini, abahlali abajwayelekile bezingadi namapaki, bahlela imigwaqo yabo. Ngemuva kokushintsha kobusika obufudumele kuya ehlobo efudumele, kwesinye isikhathi zanda ngamanani amakhulu bese zibangela ukulimala okungenakuqhathaniswa nezihlahla ezincane.
I-Vole Mouse (Indima)
Igama lesiLatin: Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1779)
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi
UMbuso: Izilwane
Uhlobo: Chordates
I-Subtype: Ama-vertebrates
Iklasi: Izilwane ezincelisayo
I-infraclass: Placental
I-oda: Izinduku
Umndeni: Hamster
Uhlobo: Ama-Grey Voles
Uhlobo: Indima evamile
Njengama-moles, amagundane asensimini abamba izimbobo ezijulile, kuphela uma kuqhathaniswa nemvukuzane, inkambo isendalini yomhlaba ohlangothini lwensimu. Indunduma yobumba ngokwayo imnene ngokwedlula uhlangothi olulodwa. INora inezindawo eziningi zokungena nokuphuma, amakamelo okugcina ama-nesting, lapho ama-voles engeza khona izindawo zokugcina nokuzala. Imivimbo ingafinyelela kumamitha angama-25 ubude futhi itholakala ekujuleni kwamasentimitha angama-5 ukuya kwengama-35. Zizala ngokushesha okukhulu: isivini sendawo sinikeza amalitha ayisishiyagalombili ngonyaka, amawundlu amahlanu kuya kwayisithupha. Izibalo zikhombisile ukuthi uma ekuqaleni kukaMeyi 5 ngazimbili zama-voles zihlala ehektheleni elilodwa lendawo noma umhlaba olimekayo, khona-ke ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kuzovele kube nabantu abayizinkulungwane eziyi-8,5 ngokwindla.
Emini, amagundane asebenzisa isikhathi ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi ebusuku kuqala isikhathi somsebenzi. Ngokungafani nemvukuzane, i-vole iyi-rodent futhi idla ukudla kwezitshalo. Amazinyo ama-voles akhula njalo, ngakho-ke adinga ukuwagaya njalo, agqume izimpande zezitshalo, ama, ama-tubers nezinye izingxenye zemvelo zezitshalo. Ngakho-ke ngosuku badla inani lokuphana elilingana nesisindo somzimba wabo. Ebusika, ama-voles ayaqhubeka nokudla futhi ngenxa yalokho kuvame ukudla amagxolo engxenyeni engezansi yezihlahla.
Ama-Voles ahluka emgundwini ovamile onswebe ngombala futhi anomsila omfushane. Ubude bomzimba ngaphandle komsila buyi-12 cm, isisu ngimpunga, emuva ingemnyama ngombala.
Izimvula ezinamandla noma izimvula zobusika zivame ukuholela ekufeni kobuningi bama-voles. Amanzi emigodini ayaqandeka futhi amagundane, ancishwe isivikelo futhi nendawo yokukhosela iyafa.
Inani lamagundane libuye lithintwe yizitha zabo zemvelo, ngokuyinhloko izinyoni ezidla inyama. Owl udla izicucu ezingama-1000 kuya kwezingu-1200 ngonyaka. Izimpungushe, ama-martens, ama-weasels adla kuphela amagundane. I-Ferret ngosuku ibhubhisa ama-voles ayi-10-12. I-Weasel ngomzimba wayo omude omfishane iyakwazi ukungena ezimbotsheni idle amawundlu.
Izindlela ezikhona zokulwa nama-voles zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili: ukukhipha isexwayiso nokubhujiswa okuqondile.
Isinyathelo sokuqala sokuvikela ukudalwa kwesithiyo kusuka ezitshalweni ezingalithandi iphunga le- --galikhi, impande emnyama, ne-hazel grouse.
Isilinganiso sesibili ukuthi izinto ezinephunga elingabekezeleleki lama-voles ziyathululelwa noma zingcwatshwe kuma-mink bese ziya kwezinye izindawo. Ngale njongo, amagatsha we-elderberry ne-thuja, amaqabunga e-walnut, ama-clove egalikhi afanelekile. Ungenza ukumfaka kwe-elderberry bese uyithululela ku-mink: ama-1 kg amaqabunga ama-elderberry amasha afakwa kumaviki amabili ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi futhi asetshenziswe ngaphandle kokuxutshwa.
Kukhona futhi nendlela yokuxosha amagundane asensimini kusuka kwizimbobo: moisten ucezu oluncane loboya bekotini noma indwangu ene-ammonia ewuketshezi noma uphalafini, uligoqe ngeplastiki yokugoqa evulekile encane yokuphuma komusi. “Amaswidi” anjalo abekwe ezincwadini ezitholakele.
Yebo, ungabheka ezinye izinto ezinuka kakhulu, kepha ungakhohlwa ngokuphepha kwenhlabathi, izitshalo nabantu. Ungaphonsa futhi imisele yemouse emigodini yegundane, okuthi, ngokunamathela esikhunjeni sesilwane, kuyenze impilo yayo ibe nzima.
Ngokweminye imibiko, abahlali abangaphansi komhlaba abayithandi imisindo enzima futhi benyakazisa inhlabathi. Umsindo nokuqhaqhazela kudambisa imisindo yokuthula, futhi bazama ukuya endaweni ethule. Abanye bamba emabhodleleni asesimweni esinezitezi ezimbalwa futhi esimweni sezulu esinomoya ovuthuzayo amabhodlela enza umsindo ophithizelayo. Enye indlela ukumba izigxobo ezincane engadini bese uzilengisa kuzo, ngokwesibonelo, amathini we-aluminium noma okubizwa ngokuthi “umculo womoya” (izinsimbi ezisempumalanga).
Futhi indlela ethuthuka kakhulu yomzabalazo yizicupho. Ucwaningo lwakamuva luveze ukuthi amagundane (amagundane) akhangwa kakhulu hhayi ushizi, kodwa amantongomane, ushokoledi nenyama.
Izakhamizi zezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba (amagundane nezimvukuzane) azithandi ukuthuthumela komhlaba futhi kuzwakala ukungena emhlabeni. Lokhu kubaphuca ukuthula, futhi bazama ukuya endaweni ephephile. Abalimi abangangeneki bacabanga ukumba amabhodlela ngasemaphethelweni emibhede, bawaleke kancane ukuze intamo iphume kancane ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi. Esimweni sezulu esinomoya enza umsindo ocwazimulayo ocashile. Labo abazame le ndlela bajabule kakhulu ngomphumela: kwakungekho maqhubu noma amagundane emibhedeni ngamabhodlela.
Kubantu abanemizwa ethe xaxa, le ndlela iyaphakanyiswa: ukunamathela induku emhlabathini, faka ithini lensimbi ekugcineni kwayo futhi uyihlabe kaningana ngosuku. Ngakho-ke ungaxazulula izinkinga ezimbili: okwesabisa amagundane futhi ngasikhathi sinye uzwakalise ukuthukuthela kwabo.
Izindlela ezindala, ezibusayo zokuqothula amagundane nazo ziyaziwa. I-quicklime ehlanganisiwe yayihlanganiswa neshukela elilinganayo futhi isakazeke ezindaweni zokuhlala zamagundane. Esiswini, u-lime, ophendula ngojusi wesisu, uyafudumeza bese ukhipha inani elikhulu legesi, okuholela ekufeni kwesilwane.
Enye indlela ukwengeza amaconsi ambalwa ka-sunflower wamafutha enhlanganisweni yamanani alinganayo e-gypsum nefulawa bese ukhipha amabhola amancane kuyo. Kanye esiswini, i-gypsum eyenziwe lukhuni ibangela ukufa kwezimpisi.
Abalimi abaziyo ukuthi amagundane anobuthakathaka kawoyela we-sunflower, anikela ngokwakha izicuphu zamabhodlela asendulo, kodwa asebenzayo. Intamo kufanele ibe banzi kakhulu ukuze igundane lingene ngaphakathi kuyo. Uwoyela omncane we-sunflower uthululwa phansi kwebhodlela, ugaywa ungene emhlabathini ukuze intamo ikwelinye izinga nalo. I-vole, ekhangwa iphunga lamafutha, ingena ebhodleleni, kepha ayikwazi ukuphuma.
Amagundane wensimu - ekuqaleni kokubona, lezi izinduku ezijwayelekile ezingafakwanga ngomsila kanye nobuhlalu bamehlo obuthinta kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lwamuva nje lwama-voles lumane lwajabulisa izingqondo zososayensi. Kuleminyaka eyizigidi ezedlule, kucishe kwavela izinhlobo ezingama-60 ezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo zegundwane lensimu, futhi ngesilinganiso sendawo, lokhu kushesha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akekho onguchwepheshe olulodwa ongakwazi ukwahlukanisa wonke ama-voles, lokhu kungenziwa, kodwa kusetshenziswa izindlela zokuhlaziya ufuzo kuphela. Izilwane ngokwazo zingahlukanisa izigcawu zemvelo masinyane futhi zingalokothi zishade nabantu bomunye umphakathi.
Ososayensi, i-genole ye-vole ibonakala ingenangqondo ngokuphelele - inani elikhulu lemininingwane yelifa likuma-chromosomes ocansi (lokhu kumane kungenangqondo!), Futhi izinto zofuzo zisatshalaliswa ngokungahleliwe. Inani eliphelele lama-chromosomes ahlukahluka kusuka kwayi-17 kuye kwayi-64, amasethi abo emadodeni nasezinsikazi angahlangana noma ahluke. Ngakho konke lokhu, inzalo yamagundane ensimu ibutho lama-clones. Azinakho ukwehluka okungajwayelekile, kepha zinikezwe inqubo yokuqashelwa okungenaphutha komunye nomunye. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ukudideka okunjalo kungahle kube ngumphumela wokuqhuma kokuziphendukela kwemvelo, ngaphezu kwalokho, eMhlabeni akukho luhlobo olungaziqhayisa ngesivinini esikhulu sentuthuko - amagatsha angama-60 eminyakeni eyisigidi.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlobo ze-vole zinempahla eyingqayizivele "yokuzihambisa ngokwakho". Lapha kuyadingeka ukucacisa: kumaseli ezilwane kunezikhungo zamandla ezibizwa ngokuthi i-mitochondria, lapho i-ATP (i-adenosine triphosphoric acid) ukwenzeka kwenzeka - isekela izinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu zangaphakathi. Ama-mitochondria ngokwawo acishe abe yizakhiwo ezizimele ezine-DNA yazo, ulwelwesi, zinendlela yazo yokukhiqiza amaprotheni. I-Mitochondrial DNA ayihlangani nemininingwane eyisisekelo yelifa futhi “ingasasebenzi”. Futhi kumagundane asensimini, izingcezu ze-DNA ezivela ku-mitochondria zingangena kwi-nucleus yeseli futhi zihlanganiswe ne-genome.
Izindawo zokucwaninga ezihamba phambili emhlabeni zisebenzisa imali eningi emisebenzini yokufakelwa izakhi zofuzo, futhi akuvamile nje ukuthi zithole ukubekwa ngqo kwezakhi zofuzo. Amagundane enkambu amancane afundile ukwenza lokhu eyedwa. Ukube abantu babenikezwe amandla anjalo, ngabe izifo ezaziyifa kudala. Ucwaningo kule ndawo luyaqhubeka futhi, mhlawumbe, lamagundwane azosiza ukunqoba izifo eziningi zokuzala.
Ama-voles, ama-voles (i-Arvicolinae noma iMicrotinae) - iqembu elingaphansi kwamagundane emndenini we-hamster. Kubandakanya ama-voles, ama-pestles, ama-voles ama-mole, ama-lemmings nama-muskrats.
I-subfamily iqukethe izizwe eziyi-7, izinhlobo ezingama-26 zofuzo nezinhlobo eziyi-143:
Subfamily Arvicolinae
• I-Tribe Arvicolini
Amagundane Amanzi, Amanzi Amanzi (i-Arvicola)
I-Longclaw ne-Bedford Voles (Proedromys)
I-Yellow Pestles (i-Eolagurus)
I-Wormwood Pestle (Lemmiscusacheatus)
I-Grey Voles (Microtus)
Ama-snow Voles (amaChionomys)
ISteppe Pies (i-Lagurus)
Blanfordimys
Amavolmys
• I-Tribe Ondatrini
I-Muskrat, i-musk rat (i-Ondatralehathicus)
Tribe Myodini
I-Kashmiri Voles (Hyperacrius)
Rock Voles (Alticola)
Ama-Forest Voles, Ama-Red Voles (Izimpawu Zami)
I-South Asia Voles (i-Eothenomys)
I-Arborimus
Ama-Phenacomys
Dinaromys
• I-Tribe Prometheomyini
I-Prometheus Voles (Prometheomys)
• I-Tribe Ellobiini
I-seaWings (i-Ellobius)
• I-Tribe Lemmini - I-Lemmings
Izimbungulu zokubhukuda (ama-Synaptomys)
I-Lemmings (i-Lemmus)
I-Forest Lemmings (i-Myopus)
• I-Tribe Neofibrini
I-Florida Muskrats (Neofiber)
• I-Tribe Dicrostonychini
I-Hoofed Lemmings (Dicrostonyx)
Izinduku ezincane ezinjengegundane ezinobude bomzimba obungu-7-36 cm zingezama-voles. Umsila uhlala umfishane kunomzimba - ama-5- 29,5 cm. Amawayile anesisindo kusuka ku-15 g kuya ku-1.8 kg. Ngaphandle, afanana amagundane noma amagundane, kodwa ezimweni eziningi ahlukile kakhulu kuwo ngesifiphele, izindlebe ezimfushane nomsila. Umbala waphezulu uvame ukucaca - grey noma nsundu. Amazinyo amaMolar ezinhlotsheni eziningi ezingenazimpande, ezikhula njalo, okuvame kakhulu ukuba nezimpande (ezingapheli), endaweni yazo yokuhlafuna - ukushintshanisa izingodo ezingunxantathu. Amazinyo 16.
Ama-voles angama-mole kanye nama-voles akwaKashmiri azivumelanise nendlela yokuphila engaphansi komhlaba. Amanye ama-voles (ama-muskrats, amagundane amanzi), abonakala ngosayizi womzimba omkhulu, ahamba ngendlela yokuphila yasemanzini.
Hlala ezwenikazi naseziqhingini eziningi zeNyakatho Nenkabazwe. Umngcele oseningizimu yebanga udlula eNyakatho Afrika (eLibya), eMpumalanga Ephakathi, enyakatho neNdiya, eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeChina, iTaiwan, iJapan ne-Commander Islands, eNyakatho Melika atholakala ngaphambi kweGuatemala. Ezintabeni khuphuka umkhawulo ophezulu wezimila. Ukwehlukahluka okukhulu kwezinhlobo nezinamba eziphakeme kutholakala ezindaweni ezivulekile zendawo ezishisayo. Imvamisa izinza emakholoni amakhulu. Izingxenye ezingaphezulu kwezitshalo zifaka kuqala ekudleni, ezinye izinhlobo zenza amasheya okudla. Iyasebenza unyaka wonke, ungaweli ebusika. Kuyanda kakhulu, ukuletha unyaka kusuka ku-1 kuya ku-7 amalitha ngosayizi (ngokwesilinganiso) ama-3-7 cubs. Kwezinye izinhlobo (muskrat, vole Microtus ochrogaster), abesilisa nabo bahlanganyela ekunakekeleni inzalo. Isikhathi sonke esifudumele sonyaka, ezinye zezinhlobo futhi nasebusika, ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-16-30. Abantu abasha bazimela ngezinsuku eziyi-8 ukuya ku-35 futhi ngokushesha bafinyelele ekuthweni. Ngenxa yekhono eliphakeme lokuzala, inani lama-voles lishintshwa ngokushintshashintsha okubukhali eminyakeni edlule. Isikhathi sokuphila emvelweni sisukela ezinyangeni eziningana kuya eminyakeni engu-1-2. Futhi, ama-voles ayaphoqeleka ukuba abalekele ama-trokees asenyakatho ashaqayo, ngoba kungukudla kwawo okuyinhloko.
Ama-voles amaningi ayizinambuzane ezinzima zezitshalo kanye nezithwali zemvelo ze-tularemia, leptospirosis nezinye izifo. Izikhumba zezinhlobo ezinkulu (ama-muskrats) asetshenziswa njengezinto ezinguluhlaza zoboya. Ngenxa yobuningi obukhulu kanye nokushintshashintsha kwawo kwe-cyclic kule minyaka edlule, imiphakathi yase-vole inethonya elibi enanini lokuphamba kwabantu, ngokwesibonelo, isikhova esimhlophe ne-Canadian lynx.
Izinhlobo zezinhlobo eziningi zama-voes zibhalwe ku-International Red Book, kufaka phakathi njengoba "kusengozini enkulu" (kusengozini enkulu):
• I-Lemming Vinogradov (Dicrostonyx vinogradovi),
• I-Evoron vole (Microtus evoronensis),
• I-Muy vole (Microtus mujanensis),
njengoba "kusengozini":
• I-Alai mole vole (Ellobius alaicus),
• I-Baluhistan vole (Microtus kermanensis),
njengoba Kusengozini:
• I-Central Kashmiri vole (Alticola montosa),
• I-vole yaseMexico (Microtus mexicanus),
• I-vese yaseTaiwan (Volemys kikuchii),
• I-Japan Red Vole (i-Myode andersoni)
njengo- "Eduze Ukusongelwa" (Eduze Ukusongelwa):
• I-lemalm yehlathi (Myopus schisticolor).
188300, Leningrad esifundeni, idolobha
I-Gatchina, Krasnoarmeyskiy treekt, 1,
tel. (81371) 215-09
Inkambu yegundane lenkambu
Igundane lensimu linezinhlobonhlobo eziningi. Phakathi kwezihlobo zakhe eziseduze hlukanisa:
- ejwayelekile - uhlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu,
- ubomvu - umhlali wama-steppes asha kakhulu e-Asia,
- ihlathi, bakhetha izindawo ezihlala emahlathini ezwekazi lase-Yuriya neNyakatho Melika,
- ngaphansi komhlaba - umhlali wezokuxhumana zasemadolobheni kanye nezindawo ezihlangene.
Ngaphandle kokuhlukahluka, konke kungokwaluphi uhlobo lwama-voles, emndenini wama-hamsters, ukuhlelwa kwamagundane kanye nesigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo.
Ukubukeka kwegundane lensimu
Zonke izinhlobo zama-voles zine-muzzle ebukhali ende, Amehlo amnyama amnyama (amnyama noma onsundu obomvu), izindlebe ezikhombe nomsila omude, zishiya ¾ ubude bomzimba. Le nduku encane kakhulu enobude obungu-13 cm, imvamisa kufika ku-10 cm, ingabali umsila. Isisindo esidonsa cishe i-15 g. Emathuneni aphezulu, amagundane anepuleti le-pterygoid, okwenza kubonakale sengathi anezimpama ezihlathini. Ama-paws mancane, enonyawo olungama-1.5 - 2 cm. Izipikili zimfushane, zibuthuntu ekugayeni okungapheli.
Ubovu lwesilwane ngemuva lupendwe ngombala onsundu. Akuyona into ethambile, kodwa ethize enokhahlo, emfushane, kubantu abadala ize ibuye ibe “izinaliti ezithambile”, njenge-hedgehog. Isici esihlukile sama-voles umucu omnyama eduze komgogodla. Esiswini, ijazi limpunga ngombala.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Ukuqina kombala kuhlobene nobudala begundane. Abantu abahlonishwayo ngokwengeziwe balula kunabalingani babo abasebasha; ngisho nezinwele ezimpunga zitholakala phakathi kwezinwele.
Ngaphandle, induna yesilisa empeleni ayihlukile kowesifazane. Ukuze ungadidanisi igundane lensimu nge-brownie yayo yesihlobo, naka umehluko wabo.
Igundane lendlu | Igundane lensimu |
---|---|
Encane, ifinyelela ku-10 cm | Kakhulu kancane, kufinyelela ku-13 cm |
Umhlane ungwevu, mnyama | UBrown emuva ne strip phakathi |
Isisu cishe simhlophe | Isisu ukukhanya grey |
Imfishane efushane | Isizunguli esikhonjisiwe |
Izindlebe zikhulu, ziyindilinga | Izindlebe zincane, zinxantathu |
Tail kuze kufike ku-60% womzimba | Tail kuze kufike ku-70% womzimba |
Amagundane asensimini kungenzeka ahlala endlini nasengadini, kanye nalawo afuywayo endle.
Indlela yokuphila ye-Vole
Amagundane wensimu afana ne-moles mini ngendlela yokuphila: abamba imigodi eduze kobuso bomhlaba futhi ahamba eceleni kwawo. Lapho bemba, amagundane alahla inhlabathi ohlangothini lwabo, ngakho indunduma iyacaba uhlangothi olulodwa, futhi "ukungena" kuyo akuveli phezulu, njengemvukuzane, kodwa kusuka ohlangothini. Ebusika, zihamba ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa.
Kubalulekile! Ama-Voles awanaso isikhathi sokugqwayiza okumisiwe kobusika, noma kubanda kuyadingeka ukuthi aqhubeke nokusebenza futhi afune ukudla. Ngasikhathi sinye, amagundane asebenzisa amasheya alungiselelwe ukusuka ehlobo ku izidleke-zethanga.
Bahlala ema-minks noma emashalofini afanele: ngaphansi kwamagatsha, izinqwaba zotshani, emihlanjini, njll. Uma igundane lakha umgodi walo, liyenza ibe banzi futhi ibe yisihlahla. Ekujuleni okungama-5 kuye kwangama-35 cm kukhona i-labyrinth ukusuka kumamitha angama-4 kuye kwangama-25 ubude ngamagumbi okugcina amaningi nesidleke, kanye nokuphuma okuphuthumayo okuningana, okuholela emthonjeni wamanzi okuphuza.
Esikhathini sasemini, amagundane asensimini akhetha ukufihla ngaphansi komhlaba nokulala, futhi phakathi nosuku asebenza ngalo. Zikhwela zibheke phezulu futhi zifuna ukudla, ziququda yonke into ehlangana endleleni: izimpande zezitshalo, amahlamvu wezimbali, nezilimo eziyizigaxa, amagxolo ezansi kwezihlahla. Uma besesha okondlayo abafanele, bangakwazi ukufuduka ngokoqobo.
Amagundane agijima ngokushesha, ahamba nge-gait "yeqa". Bayakwazi ukubhukuda, kepha bakhetha ukukugwema. Imvamisa izinza emakoloni, imvamisa eminingi: Izihlobo zesifazane ezi-1 noma ngaphezulu nezizukulwane eziningana zezizukulwane zazo.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Le rodent ingatholakala cishe kuwo wonke umhlaba, ngaphandle kwamakhona ashisayo:
- ezwenikazi laseYurophu, kufaka phakathi iFinland neDenmark,
- eSiberia nase-Urals,
- ezindaweni eziseNyakatho Melika ezihlala emahlathini (kuya ezinqengeni zeGuatemala),
- zitholakala e-Asia - China, iMongolia, eTaiwan,
- ukusuka eningizimu, ububanzi bawo bunqunyelwe eLibya (North Africa) nasenyakatho neNdiya,
Ngaphandle kwegama, ama-voles akuvamile ukuthi axazulule ngqo emasimini. Kungcono kakhulu kubo utshani, ngakho-ke bakhetha izimbotshana, imiphetho yamahlathi, imigwaqo, kanye nezindawo eziseduzane nokuhlala abantu: ama-cellars, izindlu zokugcina izithombo, amasheya, indawo yokuhlala evumelana nengadi nengadi yemifino. Ama-voles angakhuphuka angene endlini futhi azinze ngaphansi kophahla, ngaphansi kothango lwethango, ngaphakathi komoya, engxenyeni yokufakelwa.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Uma isimo sendawo simanzi futhi sishile, i-rodent ehlakaniphile ngeke yakha umgodi, kepha ithela isidleke sebhola, esizotholakala egatsheni eliphakeme lesihlahla.
Esikhathini sezikhukhula, ngezikhathi zemvula ende, amathanga ebusika, izinkawu zezilwane zigcwele amanzi, futhi amagundane amaningi ayafa.
Isabelo segundane lensimu
I-Vole iyi-rodent e-herbivorous. Njengoba kungowomndeni we-hamster, amazinyo ayo akhula kuyo yonke impilo, ngakho-ke imvelo ihlinzeka ngokugaya kwabo njalo. Lokhu kuchaza iqiniso lokuthi amagundane acishe alume okuthile. Emini, induna endala kufanele idle inani lokudla elilingana nesisindo salo.
Igundane lidla cishe konke elingakuthola otshanini:
- amakhambi nembewu yawo,
- amajikijolo
- amantongomane, kufaka phakathi izigaxa,
- okusanhlamvu
- nezilimo eziyizigaxa, izimpande, ama, amahlamvu ezimpande,
- imiqumbe nezimbali zamabhasi ahlukahlukene,
- amagxolo athambile ezihlahla ezincane.
Isitoko sasebusika kuma-pantries amagundane wensimu angafinyelela ku-3 kg.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Lapho kuqala ukushisa kwentwasahlobo futhi kuze kufike ekwindla kubanda, ama-voles azalela ngokugcwele. Ukukhulelwa egundaneni kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-21-23. Ngesikhathi sonyaka, insikazi iyakwazi ukunikeza amalitha ayi-8, imvamisa ibe yi-3-4, lapho ngayinye iletha ama-5-6 cubs. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma ekuqaleni amabhangqwana ama-5 ama-voles esezinzile esizeni, ekupheleni kwesizini efudumele inani lamagundane lingafinyelela kumawaka ayi-8-9.
Imisipha izalwa ingenakusiza ngokuphelele, amehlo ayo angaboni. Kepha ukukhula kwabo kushesha kakhulu:
- umbono uvela ngosuku lwe-12-16,
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20 sebengaphila ngaphandle kukamama,
- ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu futhi nangaphambilini bayakwazi ukuzala.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Kunezimo lapho ama-voles abesifazane ekhulelwa ngosuku lwe-13 lokuphila kwawo futhi alethe inzalo esebenzayo ezinsukwini ezingama-33 ubudala.
Izitha zemvelo
Ukuzala okunjalo kungenxa yokuthi emvelweni yamagundane kunezitha eziningi ezinciphisa inani labantu. Abazingeli abaluleke kakhulu bensimu izinyoni ezidla inyama: izikhova, amankonyane, amaduna, njll. Isikhova esisodwa singadla amagundane angaphezu kuka-1000 ngonyaka. Kwezinye izilwane - izimpungushe, izinsimbi, iminyundu, ama-trochees - amagundane angukudla okuyinhloko, cishe okukhethekile. I-ferret izobamba futhi idle amagundane angama-10-12 ngosuku.
I-Weasel iyingozi futhi kumagundane ngoba inomzimba oguquguqukayo futhi omfishane, okulula ukungena kuwo izidleke nokudla amawundlu lapho. I-hedgehog, inyoka, futhi, ikati liyojabulela i-vole.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Amagundane e-Vole ahlukahlukene kakhulu. Ososayensi sebesungule ukuthi kunezinhlobo zezilwane ezingaphezu kwama-60 nezinhlobo ezingaphansi kwazo. Ngaphandle, kunzima ukuhlukanisa; yodwa indlela yokuhlaziya uhlobo olufanele ukukhonjwa.
Lokhu kuyathakazelisa! Mice ngokwayo ihlukanisa izihlobo kusuka komunye umphakathi futhi zingalokothi ishade nazo. Ukuthi bakwembula kanjani umehluko owenzekile akukacaciswa.
I-genole ye-vole yegundwane iyimfihlo yesayensi: isakhi sofuzo sitholakala ngaphandle komqondo obonakalayo, futhi imininingwane eminingi igxilisiwe kuma-chromosomes ocansi. Inani lama-chromosomes lisuka ku-17 liye ku-64, kuthi emadodeni nakwabafazi bahlangane noma bahluke, okungukuthi, akuncike ebulilini. Kwelitha elilodwa, wonke amagundane ayizimpawu zofuzo.
Enye impahla eyingqayizivele yenani legundane lensimu “ukuzihambisa” kwezakhi zofuzo kuyi-nucleus evela kwezinye izitho zeseli (mitochondria). Ososayensi kuze kube manje bezabalaza ngeze nokufakelwa kwe-gene kubantu, kanti ku-voles bekulokhu kusebenza iminyaka engaphezu kwenkulungwane. Okuwukuphela kwencazelo yososayensi, ukugxila okukhulu kokuziphendukela kwemvelo emkhakheni wegundane eminyakeni eyizigidi edlule.
Njengoba igundwane liyisilwane esande kakhulu, ubuningi baso bancike kakhulu onyakeni nasenkathini.. Siphawule ukuthi ukuqhuma kokukhula kanye "nomgodi wabantu" ezindaweni ezilandelanayo kubuye kwahluka emva kweminyaka engaba ngu-3-5. Isibalo esikhulu sezilwane kubantu sasingaba ngu-2000 amagundane ngehektha elilodwa lendawo, kanti elincane kunazo zonke - izilwane eziyi-100 ngehektha ngalinye. Umndeni wama-rodent, ngaphezu kwamagundane, ufaka ama-lemmings nama-muskrats.
Ukuduma kwezingadi, amasimu nezingadi zemifino
Eminyakeni lapho ukuzala kusebenza kakhulu, ukulimala okwenziwa yizitshalo ezitshalweni kuyabonakala kakhulu:
- Izinsimbi ezingaphansi komhlaba, zabulala isitshalo emvinini,
- zokhula impande izitshalo kanye amakhabe,
- ukucola amasheya okusanhlamvu nembewu,
- ubhoboza amagxolo ezihlahleni ezincane nezihlahla.
Ama-Voles adla imikhiqizo yokulima izitshalo hhayi emhlabathini kuphela, kepha futhi nasezindlini zokugcina impahla, ezikhuphukeleni, ezitokisini nasezigcotsheni, kuma-cellars.
Kubalulekile! Akunzima ukuqonda ukuthi umndeni wama-voles uzinzile esizeni sakho: ikholomu izonikezwa okubizwa nge- "runways" - iminonjana esele kwesokunxele ukusuka ekumba imigodi yomshoshaphansi ongaphansi komhlaba.
Isikhethi esiyingozi
Igundane lensimu lingaba isithwali sezifo ezingathi sína kakhulu, eziningi zezisebenzayo ezibangela ukufa ebantwini. Izilwane ezihlekisayo nezihlekisayo, ikakhulukazi ezisindayo, zingadala:
- typhoid
- i-leptospirosis,
- i-tularemia
- izifo ze-erysipelas
- i-toxoplasmosis,
- salmonellosis nabanye
Bathola umbono ngokuqondene nokuthi yiwona kuphela ophethe isifo semvelo esifundeni saseTranscaucasian.
Ungabhekana kanjani ne-vole
Ngenxa yengozi kwezolimo, kanye nempilo yabantu kanye nokuphila, umuntu kufanele alwele ukukhawulela inani lamagundane asensimini. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izinkomba ezimbili zomzabalazo:
- privylactic passive - isusa amagundane ezindaweni zabantu abahlala kuzo nasezindaweni zezolimo,
- asebenzayo - izindlela okuhloswe ngazo ukubhujiswa okuqondile kwamagundane.
Sithusa amagundane wensimu
Njengengxenye yokuphindisela, kuyaphumelela ukusebenzisa izitshalo zokutshala nokungavuthi, iphunga lawo amagundane angalithandi. Phakathi kwazo - ugalikhi, impande emnyama, i-calendula, iminti, umhlonyane, ukhuni nezinye amakhambi nezithelo ezinuka kamnandi. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa hhayi izitshalo ngokwazo, kodwa amafutha abalulekile, ukubeka izingcezu zoboya bekotoni ofakwe kuzo eduze nendawo okusolakala ukuthi kuhlalwa amagundane. Kwesinye isikhathi upharafini, i-ammonia isetshenziselwa injongo efanayo. Amagundane agweme umlotha othululiwe.
Enye indlela enobuhlakani yokwesabisa kude ngamadivaysi e-ultrasonic noma a-vibration adala izimo ezingathandeki ukuthi amagundane ahlala endaweni yokusebenza. Zingathengwa ezitolo. Uhlobo “lwasekhaya” lomthengisi onjalo yibhodlela eligayiwe emhlabathini, elizoncibilika futhi linyakaze lapho kunesimo sezulu esivunguzayo. Izitini ezinamakhonkolo ezigudle uzungu lwesakhiwo kanye nomculo “womoya” olengiswe ezihlahleni (izindandatho zokukhala noma izinsimbi) uzokwenza okufanayo. I-colony yegundane cishe ngeke ihlale esizeni nasendlini, "evimbela" isitha segundane lemvelo - ikati.
Ukubhujiswa Kwendalo
“Empini” zonke izindlela zilungile. Lapho izilimo nokwanda komhlaba kusongelwa ngokulimazeka okungenakuqhathaniswa, izindlela ezinokweqile zingavunyelwa. Umdwebo wezindlela zabantu kanye nezimboni unikeza izinketho ezilandelayo zokulwa nama-voles hhayi okuphila, kodwa ngokufa:
- "I-Plaster thrombus" - hlanganisa ufulawa kakolweni osawoti nosawoti noma i-gypsum. I-rodent edla isithiyo esinjalo izofa ngegazi esiswini.
- Izinhlungu Zokudla ezitolo ezikhethekile ungathenga ubuthi obulungiselelwe abasebenza ngama-rodents ngendlela yamacwecwe we-wax noma granules. Lapho ulala ngaphandle, awukwazi ukubathatha ngezandla zakho ezingenalutho, ngaphandle kwalokho amagundane ahlakaniphile ngeke abathinte. Ezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezinobuthi zinomphumela obambezelekile, kanti namagundane anobuthi ayakwazi ukuthelela ozakwabo.
Kubalulekile! Le ndlela akufanele isetshenziswe uma ikati noma inja idla amagundane afile - lokhu kungabulala impilo yesilwane esifuywayo.
- Ababhubhisi ngokomzimba - zonke izinhlobo zamagundane. Ayisebenzi uma inani legundane likhulu.
- Izicupho - abalimi beza nezinketho ezahlukahlukene, kusukela kungabekwa ohlamvwini lwemali, oludonsa igundane, ngaphansi kwalo, ibhodlela elincane eligcotshwe uwoyela wejongilanga emhlabathini. Izicupho ezilungele ukudayiswa nazo ziyathengiswa. Enye inketho ibhodi eline-glue ekhethekile esetshenzisiwe kulo, igundane linamathela kulo ngokuqinile.
Ngokusho kwedatha yamuva, hhayi ushizi wendabuko, kodwa amantongomane, ushokoledi, ucezu lwenyama, isinkwa esinamafutha sunflower abukeka njengama-voles ama-voles. Omunye umzuzu ongathandeki ohambisana nazo zonke izindlela zokujezisa ukuthi kuzodingeka uhlanze njalo futhi ulahle amagundane afile.
Kungani kungenakwenzeka ukubhubhisa ama-voles ngokuphelele
Njengazo zonke izinhlobo zomhlaba wethu, ama-voles ahlala endaweni yawo ku-niche yemvelo. Idla imbewu yotshani, inciphisa ukukhula kwesembozo sotshani, esivimba izihlahla ezincane ukuthi zingaphumi ziye ekukhanyeni, ngaleyo ndlela zilondoloze amahlathi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqhaza labo entanjeni yokudla libaluleke kakhulu kubantu bezinyoni ezidla inyama nezilwane eziningi zoboya. Kuleyo minyaka lapho kuzalwa amagundane amancane, isibalo sezimpungushe, izikhova kanye nezinye izilwane ezidla ngama-voles ziyancipha. Ezinye izinhlobo zama-voles azivamile futhi zisengozini futhi zivikelwe:
- I-Euron
- Muisky
- Baluchistan,
- mexican
- Ubomvu waseJapan
- IsiThaiese
- I-Central Kashmir.
Izindlela zokuvimbela
Ukuze unciphise amathuba ezindlu ezixazululwa esizeni sakho, unga:
- ube nekati noma inja
- musa ukuxosha izitha zemvelo zamagundane, ikakhulukazi izikhova,
- ukungavumeli ukungcoliswa kwendawo ngesakhiwo, izinkuni, ifenisha enephutha, njll.
- uthukulula umhlaba njalo, ubhubhisa "imifino" yegundane lensimu,
- Lahla amagatsha asikiwe, amaqabunga, ukhula nokunye ukungcola kwengadi.
Ukuze ulwe nama-voles, kumele kuhlanganiswe indlela ehlanganisiwe ehlanganisa ukuvimba, ukudala indawo engathandeki ngamagundane nokubhujiswa ngokomzimba.
Igundane le-Vole: incazelo
Igundane eliyi-vole yisidleke esingafani nosayizi omkhulu kwezihlobo zalo. Lezi zidalwa eziphilayo zikhula zize zibe ngu-130 mm ubude, kuyilapho u-70% womuntu ngamunye umsila wazo. Isilwane asinamehlo amakhulu ansundu kanye nesigaxa esikhonjiwe. Izindlebe zesilwane zicindezelwa ekhanda futhi zithambekele kancane phambili. Naphezu kosayizi omncane kakhulu, ama-rodent angadala ukulimala okukhulu kokutshala kwezilimo ezahlukahlukene.
Igundane libonakaliswa okokuqina, ijazi elinzima, elinombala we-beige, grey noma onsundu, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Ngasemuva ungabona umucu omnyama, obude, futhi ingxenye engezansi yesisu ipendwe imhlophe. Umbala we-rodent ubuye ngeminyaka yobudala: abantu abancane banombala omnyama omnyama, abantu abadala banombala okhanyayo kancane, futhi abantu asebekhulile bahluka emthunzini we-beige, ngokuba khona kwezinwele ezimpunga.
Lesi sinambuzane sitholakala kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eChina, eTaiwan naseMongolia. Naphezu kwegama lawo - i-vole yensimu, ama-rodent awathandi ukuhlala ensimini, kodwa ukhetha izindawo ezisekuphekeni kwamahlathi ngotshani obuningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angakhetha izithombo zokugcina izithombo, ama-cellars noma izindawo zokuhlala. Lapho kuqala ubusika, igundane lensimu liya ezindaweni lapho kugcinwa khona hay, utshani nezinye izinto zezitshalo.
Bangalinda ubusika ezindaweni zokugcina zemvelo noma emiseleni abembiwe ngokuzimela. Ngasikhathi sinye, bayakwazi ukuzimbela izimbobo, kuze kufike kumamitha amane ubude. Okunye ukuphuma kwakho kuzohlala kuholele endaweni yokugcina amanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona indawo esidlekeni, kanye nokudla. Ngokuvamile zitholakala ekujuleni kwe-1 imitha. Ngokuyisisekelo, igundane lensimu likhetha izindawo ezinomswakama ophezulu. Izimo ezinjengalezi zihambelana nezindawo ezinamakhaza.
Ama-rodent athela kakhulu. Ukuzala kabusha kwenziwa kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile. Ngalesi sikhathi, lesi silwane siyakwazi ukuhola ama-broods amane, ngenani lamagundane aze afike ku-4 noma ku-5. Ngakho-ke, ukubhekana nenkathazo kunzima impela. Ezimweni ezinjalo, inkathazo akufanele ivunyelwe ukuba izale.
Ukubona i-rodent ezihlotsheni zayo kulula kakhulu, ngokusho kwezimpawu ezimbalwa zokuziphatha. Isibonelo:
- Le nhlobo yezilwane inomugqa omude omude emuva.
- Amagundane e-Vole akhulu ngosayizi.
- Ama-Voles, ngokubukeka, afana ne-hamurian hamsters, kodwa abe nomsila omude.
- I-Vole ibonakala ngokuthi isikhathi sokuthomba silingana nezinsuku eziyi-100.
- Amagundane avela emakamelweni lapho kugcinwa khona isivuno.
- Ekuphetheni, amagundane amahle akhetha izindawo ezimanzi ukuze aphilele zona.
Qaphela! Njengomthetho, izinduku zisebenza ebumnyameni, kepha ebusika aziphumli ngisho nosuku. Lezi zilwane ezincane azifihli ubusika, ngakho-ke kudingeka zihlale zidla okuthile.
Izizathu zokubukeka
Lezi zilwanyana ezincane zihlala zithutha zifuna ukudla. Ekhoseni noma engadini ungahlala uthole okuthile ongazuza ngakho. Ukudla kutholakala hhayi ehlobo kuphela, lapho ukhule umnikazi, kodwa futhi ebusika, lapho umnikazi egcina imikhiqizo yokudla ebusika. Ngakho-ke, lapho kubanda, amagumbi okulondolozwa kuwo, ama-cellular, ama-cellars, njll. Eheha kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-vole iyakwazi ukungena endaweni yokuhlala yomuntu. Uzozizwa ekhishini, lapho angathola khona ukudla namanzi okusalayo. Ungena endlini esebenzisa imifantu ehlukahlukene phansi, ngamafasitela nangezicabha ezivulekile, uma kungekho sithintelo kuye.
Ukuthola ukuthi igundane selivele lavela endlini akunzima neze. Ukuba khona kwaso kukhipha iphunga elikhethekile "igundane", kanye nokuba khona phansi noma kwezinye izindawo zezinsalela zomsebenzi obalulekile walesi silwane. Engadini, futhi akunzima ukuthola ukuthi kukhona i-vole ngokuba khona kwama-minks. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlala bebhoboza okuthile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amazinyo e-rodent akhula kuyo yonke impilo futhi kufanele agaye. Ebusika, igundwane lidla amagxolo ezihlahleni ezahlukahlukene, kanye nezihlahla zezithelo, okudala umonakalo omkhulu ekutshaleni amasiko.
Ukulimala kubantu
Le mpuku inkulu kakhulu uma uyiqhathanisa nezinye izinhlobo zamagundane, ngakho-ke iyingozi kwezolimo. Babulala isivuno sobabili ensimini okungakakvunwa, nakuma-granary, nakwezinye izindawo zokugcina lapho kugcinwa khona ukudla. Lapho zifuna ukudla, kepha zihlala zifuna ukudla, zidla okusanhlamvu, utamatisi, abhekilanga, iklabishi, izaqathe, izimbotshana, njll.
Uma zingena egumbini elingaphansi komhlaba, zingashabalalisa wonke amasheya, iningi lawo elingama-rodent limane nje nezinto zomuntu futhi zingakwazi ukudla imikhiqizo enjalo. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, inkathazo iya endaweni lapho iqala khona ukudla amahlumela amasha ezinhlanyelo ezitshaliwe, okudala umonakalo omkhulu kwisilimo esingakabonakali. Ngakho-ke, uma kuvela igundane elinamandla esizeni, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuwubhubhisa noma ukuwuxosha.Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi le mpuku izala ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ungabhekana kanjani nama-voles yegundane
Ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle omuhle ekulweni nama-voles asensimini, kufanele kuqondiswe izici eziningi. Isibonelo:
- Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela ezingavimbeli ukubonakala kwamagundane endlini yezwe noma indlu yangasese.
- Ngeke kube yinto engelutho ukusebenzisa izindlela ezingokomzimba zokulawula uma kunezinambuzane eziningi kakhulu esizeni.
Eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule, abantu beza nezindlela zokulawula izinambuzane. Kulokhu, kufanele kuqashelwe izindlela ezi-3 eziphambili zokuqeda izinduku:
- Kusetshenziswa amakhambi esintu anobungani bemvelo futhi angenangozi ngokuphelele kubantu.
- Izindlela ezingokomzimba zokulwa, zisebenzisa zonke izinhlobo zezicupho, imicibisholo yezicupho, izicupho, njll. Ikati, okuyisitha semvelo samagundane, nalo liwela kulesi sigaba, yize amakati wesimanje enganqunyelwe ukulwa namagundane.
- Ngokusekelwe kwizakhi zamakhemikhali, ngesimo sezinto ezinobuthi, ama-aerosols, ama-decoys, njll. Ama-Chemical control agents enza umsebenzi wawo kahle, ikakhulukazi uma inani lezidalwa likhulu ngokwanele, kepha aliphephile kubantu nasezwaneni ezifuywayo.
Ukukhetha indlela eyodwa noma enye indlela yokuqeda lezi zilwane eziqashile, kufanele unake izimo zokusebenzisa izindlela zomzabalazo. Le ndlela ukuphela kwendlela yokususa izinduku futhi ungalimazi impilo yakho, kanye nesitshalo esizayo.
Amakhambi esintu
Okuxakile ngokwanele, kepha lapho indoda ikhona, kukhona amagundane. Ngakho-ke, umuntu ubelokhu efuna izindlela ezingasiza ekuqedeni umakhelwane onjalo. Indoda, ngesisekelo secala nephutha, ikwazile ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezidlulisa izinambuzane futhi zaqala ukulungiselela izintshisekelo kanye nezinqubo ezisuselwa kuzo, wasebenzisa ezinye zazo zintsha noma zomile. Ngakho-ke, ukuqala ukulwa namagundane, ama-ejenti alawula amakhemikhali asetshenziswa kangcono esimweni esibi kakhulu, njengoba empeleni esehlole izidakamizwa ezisuselwa ezingxenyeni zemvelo.
Amaresiphi avela kubantu ngokumelene namagundwane wensimu:
- Ufulawa wamasondo nelamula kuthathwa ngokulinganayo, kanye nengcosana kasawoti. Zonke izithako zihlangana ndawonye zixube kahle. Ibheythi iboniswa ezitsheni ezincane bese ibekwa lapho izinduku zithanda ukuvela khona. Eduzane ne-bait, udinga ukubeka amanzi, ngoba ngaphandle kwawo isenzo esisebenzayo somkhiqizo ngeke sisebenze. Lapho igundane lidla, lizophuza amanzi ngokushesha, okuzokwenza lisebenze. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakheka igazi emzimbeni wesisu sesilwane, okuholela ekufeni.
- Ehlobo, kufanele ucabangele ukuvuna amanye amakhambi, anjengomhlonyane, uminti, i-ledum, i-tansy, njll.. Amakhambi abekwe emabhokisini ekhishini, emakamelweni, ezindlini zokulala nakwamanye amagumbi lapho lezi zilwane zingaba khona. Ama-Bouquets amakhambi anjengalawa abekwa azungeze wonke umkhawulo wendlu, futhi ahlanganiswe nezihlahla zezithelo.
- Uma kungekho makhambi, ungasebenzisa uwoyela obalulekile walezi zitshalo. Uma ufakwa umswakama ngamafutha hhayi izingxenye ezinkulu zezicubu bese uzibeka ezindaweni zokugcotshwa okukhulu kakhulu kwamagundane, khona-ke kulezi zindawo ngeke avele. Amafutha abalulekile ezihlahla ze-coniferous, izithelo zamawolintshi, kanye nowoyela we-tansy
Izindlela zomzimba zomzabalazo
Abaphathi abaningi bancamela ukusebenzisa izicupho ezahlukahlukene ukulawula ama-voles. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele njalo, njalo ekuseni, ususe namagundane afile. Kunezindlela eziningi ezinobuntu ezigcina impilo yalezi zilwane, kepha lapha udinga ukulungiswa ngeqiniso lokuthi igundane elikhishwe lizophinda lifike ukunqampula isivuno. Kunoma ikuphi, bazovela nomakhelwane ngokuqinisekile.
Izicupho ezenzelwe wena ziyasebenza impela, ngaphandle kokukwenza kalula. Izicupho ezenziwa ekhaya:
- Isicupho seglue. I-glue ejwayelekile nayo ilungile, kepha kungcono ukusebenzisa i-glue ekhethekile, eyenzelwe lokhu. Kususelwa kwizakhi eziheha izinduku ngephunga lazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kufaka into enobuthi. Ukuze wenze isicupho, udinga ukuthatha ucezu lwamakhadibhodi noma enye into bese usebenzisa isinamatheli ngemichilo sifinyelela ku-5 cm.Kungcono ukubeka ibheyithi maphakathi nesicupho (ngokuzithandela), esizokwenza isicupho siphumelele kakhudlwana.
- I-Mousetrap kusuka emgqeni. Kuthathwa imbiza eyihafu yelitha bese isheyizi liwela phansi yayo. Izindonga ngaphakathi embizeni zimbozwe ungqimba oluncane lwebhotela. Imbiza kufanele ifakwe ukuze i-rodent ingangena kalula ngaphakathi kwejamu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, khona-ke inkathazo ayinakulungele ukuphuma.