Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezikhova ezimbizeni zethu zomhlaba. Isikhova esikhohlakele sizoba yi-heroine yale ndaba, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukudlula ubuhle obunjalo.
Lezi zinyoni ziyizidalwa ezimangalisa kakhulu neziyingqayizivele. Indlela yabo yokuphila ezizukulwaneni eziningi zososayensi iyaqhubeka ibangela isithakazelo sangempela. Kepha lezi zinyoni zihlala zinokuthile okusha nokungajwayelekile emikhubeni yazo kubacwaningi. Yiziphi izimfihlakalo isikhova esifihlela zona?
I-Long-eared Owl (i-Asio otus).
Ungathola kanjani ukuthi phambi kwakho kukhona isikhova esinezinyawo ezinde
Lezi zinyoni ziphakathi ngosayizi uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amalungu omndeni wesikhova. Umzimba wesikhova sikhula ngobude ukusuka kumasentimitha angama-30 kuye kwangama-37.
Lapho inyoni isabalalisa amaphiko ayo ngokuphelele, khona-ke amaphiko ayo angamasentimitha angama-85 - 98. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayikho, osayizi abesilisa nabesifazane abafani. Isici esiyingqayizivele sale nyoni esimangalisayo singabhekwa njengezindlebe zayo ezihlekisayo. Ngokwesici esinjalo, isikhova sabizwa ngokuthi i-eared ezweni lesayensi.
I-plumage yalomeleli wezikhova ine-tint brown-grey emuva futhi ibomvu esibelethweni. Ngasikhathi sinye, isisu sibuye sihlotshiswe ngemivimbo emnyama edlulayo. Izimbambo zimbozwe izimpaphe ezikhanyayo nge-tint ebomvu.
I-Long-eared Owl - inyoni ebusuku.
Izinqa zenyoni zikhulu kakhulu, zilungile. Ngenxa yalolu hlaka lwamapheya, isikhova esinezinyawo ezinde uyakwazi ukubamba inyamazane empukweni, noma ngabe incane kakhulu.
Lapho kuhlala izikhova khona
Le nyoni imnandi kakhulu kulo lonke izwekazi lase-Europe. Ama-biotope awo angamahlathi aminyene. Ngaphezu kwakho konke izikhova zithanda amahlathi e-coniffort. Ngokubusika, izikhova ezinesikhathi eside zindizela emazweni afudumele, ngokwesibonelo: eningizimu yeChina, eNyakatho Afrika, eCrimea naseCaucasus. Kepha lokhu kusebenza kuphela kubantu abahlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, nobusika obubanda kakhulu.
Izikhova ezinde ezinde ezihlala ezifundeni eziseningizimu azindizeli ubusika futhi ziphila impilo yokuhlala phansi.
Amachwane we-owred owl.
Awusoze wahlangana nalezi zikhova ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ngokwedlulele - azinakukwazi ukubekezela eqandeni.
Ithole isikhova yokuphila nokudla kwayo
Njengoba sekushiwo, lezi zinyoni zithanda ukuhlala emahlathini ama-coniffort, kepha ziyatholakala futhi ngebhande elincane lehlathi, futhi kwesinye isikhathi lezi zikhova ezindizayo zivulekile ngokuphelele.
Izikhova ezinde, njengawo wonke amalungu omndeni, ziyizinyoni ezihamba ebusuku ezihlaselayo. Ukudla kwabo kufaka zonke izinhlobo zamagundane, njengamagundane wensimu. Enye isikhova idla izinambuzane, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ihlasela izinyoni ezincane.
Ukudla okuyinhloko kwesikhova esivele sinezinkomo.
Ukuzalela izikhova eziyindalo ngemvelo
Isikhathi sokuzalela lezi zinyoni ziqala ngoMeyi. Ngasikhathi sinye, izikhova ziqala ukwakha izidleke zazo. Imvamisa bakhetha umgodi wesihlahla esikhulu ukuthola isidleke. Imvamisa, ukuphakama kusuka emhlabathini kuya emgodini kuyinto enhle, ukuze izilwane ezidla ezinye zingakwazi ukuthola amaqanda owl. Kepha eminye imibhangqwana isakha isidleke kuphela kumamitha ayi-1 - 2 kude nomhlaba.
Ukuzala kwezikhova ezinde ezinde kuya ngesibalo samagundane ezindaweni ezihlala kuzo. Lapho la makhulu esanda, khona-ke izikhova zizala kahle kakhulu. Imvamisa i-clutch iqukethe amaqanda amahlanu kuya kwayi-6.
Izikhova ezincane zidonsa amaqanda ngokungaboni futhi zinomkhuhlane ongabonakali emizimbeni yazo. Bobabili abazali bahilelekile ekunakekeleni inzalo. Owesifazane uhlanganyela ekushiseni izingane, owesilisa wondla umndeni wonke. Ngemuva kwesonto, izikhova ezincane ziqala ukubonisa umsebenzi, zidinga ukudla. Ngakho-ke, isikhova sikamama siqala ngesiduna ukuletha ukudla emachwaneni.
Umhlaseli lo unezitha ezimbalwa.
Ukuzimela kwenzeka esizukulwaneni esisha esinezinyanga ezimbili ubudala.
Izitha zesikhova esinamazinyo namachwane aso
Izidleke zalezi zinyoni zithanda ukucekela phansi ama-martens kanye nama-ermines. Kepha isikhova esidala esingakwazi ukuhlaselwa yinyoni enkulu yezinyamazane kuphela.
Izikhova ziwusizo kakhulu kubantu, ngoba ziqothula amagundane. Lokho kuyindida yemvelo: kithina, amagundane izinambuzane, kanti nezikhova, zingukudla okuthandayo.
Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.
YINI UKUDLA
Isikhova esinezinyawo ezinde sisebenza kakhulu ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zamagundane - ama-voles, ama-shrews kanye namagundane, kanye nezinyoni ezincane - Finch nondlunkulu. Kwesinye isikhathi uthola inyamazane enkulu, njengamahlaya kanye nama-hares.
Isikhova sowesilisa siletha izinambuzane ezinkulu kumachwane aso, ngokuvamile amabhungane, kubandakanya amabhungane amakhulu. Isikhova esinezimbali ezinde sisebenza kakhulu emasimini nakwezinye izindawo ezivulekile. Le nyoni ihamba buthule emoyeni, ingawavali amehlo umzuzwana owodwa. Ebusuku, isikhova esinezidladla siyabona futhi sizwa kahle, ngakho-ke singena emsindweni omncane kakhulu ngokuhlasela kombani.
LIFESTYLE
Isikhova esinezinyawo ezinde sitholakala kumaConifers, isikhathi esiningi emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, kwesinye isikhathi sidla izindwani nasezindongeni ze-heather. I-Long-eared Owl iyinyoni ejwayelekile kakhulu eYurophu, e-Asia, eNyakatho Melika nasenyakatho ne-Afrika. Izinyoni zasenyakatho zalezi zikhova zisebenzisa ubusika ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yebanga, okungukuthi, lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezikhova ezifudukayo.
Ngenxa yeplamu ethambile nesakhiwo esikhethekile semiphetho yezimpaphe, isikhova siyindiza sivele sicishe buthule. Amapayipi akhe aklanyelwe ngendlela yokuthi anciphise umsindo wendiza inyoni. Kungakho isikhova sivela buthule, njengesithunzi. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ehlathini ungezwa isilungu sezikhova sowesilisa sicula, siphindaphinda ngendlela emangazayo imisindo ethi "oooh" ngokunqamula imizuzwana embalwa. I-repertoire yengoma ka-Owl ifaka nokukhala okukhulu kwe- "wick" neminye imisindo. Kusihlwa, amachwane wesikhova esinezinyawo eziningi enza impempe ebambekayo, emsindweni waso ufana nekati likati lomgede nothango lwezinselo zomnyango.
Isikhova eside esinezindiza ezindizayo ntambama siyisigameko esingajwayelekile. Imvamisa, isikhova silala usuku lonke sihleli, egatsheni eliseduze kwesiqu sesihlahla.
Ukusikisela
Intwasahlobo yisikhathi sokuqala isizini sokuzalela isikhova esikhohlakele. Abesilisa bale nhlobo bavame ukuqala ukukhombisa ukuthakazela abesifazane ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Umdanso wokulinganisa wesikhova undiza lapho abesilisa bezama kakhulu, beshaya amaphiko abo kakhulu. Izikhova ezinesikhathi eside azakhi izidleke, zikhetha izindlu ezishiywe ngabaninizi - amagwababa, izibungu noma ama-squirrels. Izinyoni ziguqula kancane "ingaphakathi" lesidleke. Kwesinye isikhathi izikhova ezinezindebe ezinde zivulekile esidlekeni, emathangeni we-heather, zibeka amaqanda phansi emhlabathini.
Insikazi ibekela amaqanda amane kuya kwayisithupha, ubukhulu bawo bube buncane kunenkukhu. Ukuzindla kuqala ngemuva kokuba insikazi ibekele iqanda lokugcina, ngakho amaphuphu esidlekeni sesikhova ayalingana ngeminyaka. Owesilisa akahlanganyeli ekufukweni, kepha uletha ukudla kowesifazane, okuhlala phezu kwamaqanda, kuthi emva kwalokho - kumancanyana.
Eminyakeni yendlala, abadala kuphela abasindayo, okungukuthi, amaphuphu anamandla kakhulu. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zimbozwe ezimhlophe phansi. Ezinsukwini ezilandelayo, i-fluff iba mpunga, bese iba nsundu. Umama uqaphe ngeso lokhozi okwenzekayo nxazonke, futhi, uma kunesidingo, uholela kude esidlekeni sesitha, esivele eduze, sibonisa abalimele.
ISIQINISEKISO SE-OWL
Emini, isikhova esinezimbobo zingabonakala kuphela ezimeni ezihlukile, ngoba ngenxa yombala waso ongabonakali kahle asikwazi ukwahlukanisa nendawo esikuyo. Isikhova esihlala siqonde esihlahleni sibukeka njengengxenye yegatsha elomile. Noma umuntu esondela, ayindiza. Kepha ebusuku le nyoni ingumhlaseli okhuthele kakhulu, osebenzayo futhi onamandla. Umsebenzi wesikhova esinezinyawo ezinde ukuzingela ngamagundane.
Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO, UKWAZI.
- Isikhova esinezinyawo ezinde singazungeza intamo yaso ngama-270 °.
- I-angle yokubuka esweni ngalinye le-owl ingama-160 degrees.
- Ebusika izikhova ezibandayo ebusika zihlangana endaweni eyodwa zilale, zihlanganiswe ndawonye.
- Lapho zibona isikhova phakathi kosuku, izinyoni ezincane ziyaqoqana emhlanjini bese zixosha inyamazane - ngalesi sikhathi sosuku isikhova asisizi ngalutho.
- Amehlo ezikhova ahluka ngokuthi awashukumi: isikhova asinakuzisika.
IZIPHUMA ZESIFUNDO SESI-OWL EAR. ISIHLOKO
"Izindlebe": isimilo sesimo sezinhlobo, bakha inqwaba yezimpaphe ekhanda lenyoni. Ngaphandle kwegama labo - "izindlebe", abayona into yokuzwa. Izindlebe zesikhova sangempela izimbobo ezimbili ezincane ezibekwe ezinhlangothini zekhanda.
Ikhanda: nxazonke, ene-disc yangaphambili yephuzi. Amehlo makhulu, owolintshi, uqhwaku oluncane olumnyama acishe angabonakali.
Umzimba: usayizi ophakathi nendawo, omfishane, onamaphiko amade aqinile. Owesilisa nowesifazane bangaphandle ngokufana.
I-Plumage: Isembozo sezimpaphe sesikhova esinemibala egqamile sinombala ofana negxolo, ngakho-ke inyoni esihlahleni ayibonakali ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwenyoni kumnyama, kunama-ebonisi akhanyayo, isisu sikhanya ngemivimbo eguqukayo.
- Indawo yokuhlala kwesikhova
LAPHO UKUPHILA
Isikhova esingumbala omude sisatshalaliswa esifundeni sehlathi saseNyakatho Melika kanye ne-Eurasia, ngaphandle kwezindawo ezisenyakatho, kwezinye izindawo sitholakala e-Afrika nasezintabeni ze-Central Asia.
UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA
Izinhlobo zivame kakhulu kuzo zonke izingxenye zobubanzi bawo. Isikhova esisodwa sinesitha esisodwa kuphela - indoda.
Isikhova esidala eside: indlela isikhova sethu sakhula ngayo. Ividiyo (00:02:43)
Isikhova esinezimbali ezinde - sakhula kanjani isikhova sethu esincane. Kwividiyo edlule, ngikhombisa inyamazane yesikhova esiwele esidlekeni esiqongweni somsedari, endlini yethu eGrisi. Kwakunokungabaza ukuthi wayeyosinda yini. Kodwa-ke, umama wesikhova wavela waba phezulu futhi wabukeka emuhle kanjani! Esikhundleni sesidleke, sanamathisela ibhokisi lezicishi emalangeni akhe, futhi lasebenza ngokuthembekile)))
Uthole isikhova
Siyaziisikhovaukuthi une-oyindilinga ikhandabukhali umlomo, mkhulu futhi uyindilingaamehlo (yegolide), ibukhali futhi yindeizindlawu. Umzimba lokhu izikhova zingaba ngu-31-36 cm ubude, isisindo 1.5-2.5 kg. Emvelweni, isikhova eside uhlala iminyaka eyi-10, kepha ekhaya isikhathi sokuphila kwakhe isilinganiso seminyaka engaba ngu-40. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi amehlo izikhova abayizihambeli zamaselula futhi babheke phambili kuphela (ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kufanele aphendule ikhanda), futhi ukuzwa kwakhe kungcono izikhathi ezine kunalokho kwamakati! Yingakho, isikhova sithatha kalula noma yikuphi ukugqwala futhi ibambe inyamazane ngesivinini sombani. Kuyamangaza lokhu! Amehlo izikhova ibona engela lamadigri ayi-160, esiza kalula ukuthola inyamazane. Isikhova sibona kanjani ebusuku? Iqiniso ukuthi ilensi yesikhova ayikho emhlolweni wamehlo, kodwa kushubhu lophondo, futhi ibona konke kumnyama nokumhlophe. I-Wingspan owred owl ngu-86-98 cm.Umbala lesi sikhova sinombala onsundu, sinamabele amhlophe namabala ahlanganisiwe emzimbeni nasekhanda. Engxenyeni engenhla yomzimba, amabala amnyama kakhulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi kukhanya. Isikhova eside igama laso libonga kwizigaxa zezindlebe, eziqukethe izimpaphe zezinwele zakhe.
Ungasondla kanjani isikhova
Emvelweni, isikhova siyadla izinduku ezahlukahlukene, izinyoni ezincane nezilwane, izinambuzane. Ukudla okuyinhloko: amagundane, amagundane, onogwaja, imvukuzane, amasele, izibankwa, ubuhlalu, izinyoka, izinyoka, ulwelwesi, izindidane. Konje isikhova angenza ngaphandle kwamanzi izinyanga ezimbalwa, aqede ukoma ngegazi lezinyamazane.Ungasondla kanjani isikhova ekhaya, ngokudla okunje? Kunobunzima ngalokhu, ngoba ukugaya isikhova kwenza kudle isidumbu sonke segundane noma inyoni. Futhi ukondla inyama kuyanyamalala. Ungaba kanjani? Kufanele uthenge amagundane bese usuthisa isikhova ngawo. Yebo Yebo! Futhi, ungagxilisa inyoni ngakho konke okudla ngokwemvelo.
Owl ekhaya
Namuhla Okuqukethwe isikhova ungamangali muntu. Kepha umuntu angayigcina kanjani ukuze inyoni izizwe ikhululekile ekhaya? Vele, ukudla kwakhe kufanele kuhluka, futhi kungafani nokudla kwasendle. Njengoba umsebenzi wale nyoni uwela kusihlwa, ubusuku nemini, kungakuhle ukuthi abe negumbi lakhe. Okwani? Ukuze ulale ngokuthula ebusuku, kuyilapho azingela futhi ephila njengenjwayelo, ngoba ulala phakathi nosuku. Kusihlwa, khipha isikhova ephatha futhi avale umnyango ngokuqinile ukuze ukudla kungasakazeki endlini. Uhamba uyophumula, futhi inyoni yakho iyandiza iyozingela. Ekamelweni izikhovaKufanele kube namagatsha, izihlahla. Ungahlanza indawo yokuhlala kanye ngenyanga, futhi ngokubona kwakho.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana nezikhova
• ukundiza izikhova icishe ithule ngenxa yesakhiwo sezimpaphe.
• Izinsimbi ezinde neziguquguqukayo azivumeli ukubamba inyamazane kalula, kodwa futhi nokuyibamba.
• Isikhalo izikhova kungazwakala ngenkathi kukhulunywa ngokuthandana, noma lapho izikhova zixhumana nazo zonke lezi zindlela • Isimo sokucophelela kunazo zonke kulezi zinyoni eGibhithe • Ezikhathini zasendulo, ukukhala kwesikhova bekungaqondakali futhi kuveza ukufa okusheshayo nophawu olubi, ngakho-ke baxoshwa • Isikhova sasibhekwa njengophawu lobuhlakani nobuhlakani
IVIDIYO: OWL OYADLULA
Isikhova eside - Isikhova esivame kakhulu nesiningi ezindaweni eziningi zaseRussia. Mncane isikhova esincane nesincane. Umbala ubomvu unamabala amade amade esifubeni nasesiswini, ngaphesheya kwendawo ngayinye - uchungechunge lwemigqa emincane ekhipha umoya. Izindlebe zezimpaphe ezinde ezinamathele zibonakala kahle ekhanda. Amehlo anombala ophuzi noma owolintshi. Ubude bomzimba obungu-36.2-37.8 cm, amaphiko angama-89.4-97.2 cm, isisindo somzimba 243-300 g. Owesilisa ungaphansi kowesifazane.
Lapho i-owl isikhona ihlala futhi izingela, kudlani
Emahlathini ethu, isikhova esinezinyawo ezinde singatholakala nasebusika, yize izinyoni eziningi zalolu hlobo zithuthekela esifundeni eseningizimu phakathi nenkathi ebandayo. Kwenzeka ukuthi lapho, emabhande amahlathi noma ezindaweni ezincane zamahlathi acwengile, kufinyelela inqwaba yalezi zinyoni.
Isikhova esine-eyred ende yi-myophagus, okusho ukuthi sisebenzisa ikakhulukazi kumagundane amancane anjengegundane. Ngempela, ama-voes ahlukahlukene namagundane ahlukahlukene enza cishe ama-90% empango yawo cishe yonke indawo. Ubuye abambe ama-shrews, kepha abiza ngaphansi kwe-1%. Ucwaningo olwenziwe ososayensi abaningi luveze ukuthi lesi sikhova singabamba ezinkulu, kanye nezilwane ezingaphephile. Phakathi kwezisulu zakhona bekukhona ama-squirrels, ama-caress kanye nama-ermines, amagundane ampunga. Kodwa-ke, lapho ngifunda iminonjana yokuzingela kwalezikhova egodini elincane, emaphethelweni lapho kwahlelwa khona indawo yokulahla inkunkuma, ngagculiseka ukuthi wagcina ngokubamba amagundane nje kuphela, futhi angikaze ngikubone ukuhlasela kwawo amagundane, yize amathrekhi e-rat awela amagundane ezindaweni eziningi. Ngokusobala, amagundane ayesengaselula inyamazane yezikhova.
Izinyoni zivame ukudlala indima encane ekondleni kwalesi sikhova, futhi kuyaqabukela kweqe i-5% yezinyamazane zaso. Kepha ebusika naphakathi nokuhlaselwa okuhambahamba kwezinyoni okuphawuleka njalo. Ondlunkulu ikakhulukazi bavame ukuhlushwa izikhova, yize kuke kwaba nezigameko zokuhlaselwa kwalaba bantu abadla izambane likapondo, amahhashi asehlathini, izingwegwe nasezimpondweni ezimpunga.
I-Woodpecker enhle enamabala nayo iyaphawulelwa inyamazane. By endleleni, mayelana lokhu izinkuni.
Ngandlela-thile ngasekupheleni kobusika esihlahleni obukhulu bumfashini ngabona inani elincane lezimpaphe ze-Woodpecker zilele ngaphansi kwesihlahla sikaKhisimusi futhi zinamathele emagatsheni esihlahla. Ukuthi bekukhona izimpaphe ezimbalwa, nokuthi inyoni edla inyama idliwe esihlahleni, kukhombisa ukuthi i-woodpecker ayidliwanga nguthuli noma umhlaseli wezinyawo ezine. Izimpaphe zakhutshwa, hhayi ukulunywa. Umbhalo wesandla ukhombisile ukuthi ezinye isikhova zibambe ukhuni. Kepha lokhu kunzima ukusho. Kuleli hlathi, ngahlangana nezikhova, nezikhova kanye nezikhova ezingama-leggy. Kodwa-ke, ukudla kwansuku zonke kwesikhova esinenhliziyo ende kungaba ngama-30 g wenyama, noma amagundane amathathu. Ngakho-ke kwakungeke kwenzeke ukuthi adle i-Woodpecker enkulu enamabala ngokuphelele, angashiyi lutho ngaphandle kwenombolo encane yezimpaphe (i-woodpecker inesisindo esingu-80-90 g.) Lokhu akunakwenzeka ngesikhova se-boral. Ngakho-ke, ngokunokwenzeka, i-Woodpecker yeza isikhova isidlo sakusihlwa.
Imidwebo yezinyawo yesikhova esinezimbali ezinde
Imidwebo yemichilo yesikhova, egcwele umkhumbi iqhwa (a), iminonjana yenyoni inyathelwa endaweni eyodwa (b) futhi ihamba ngokungahambisani (c) Imidwebo yozalo lwesikhova esinezilo ivame ukutholakala endaweni yokuzingela noma yokudlela inyamazane, kanye nesiqhwa esifafazwe ngeqhwa. Ubude bokuphrinta kwe-paw kanye nozipho bucishe bube ngu-7 cm. Ngendlela, sizama ukukala isisekelo sonyawo lwesikhova, sihlangabezana nobunzima obuthile. Ungalinganisa kanjani? Ngokwesiko, ukuphrinta okune-ezine-fingered paw kukalwa kusuka kumaki wangaphambili oshiywe uhafu noma umphetho womunwe ophakathi (3), kanye nophawu lwangemuva eqhweni kusuka ngomunwe (1st). Kepha kwisikhova, hhayi esesi-3 (esiphakathi) siqondiswe phambili, kodwa umunwe wesi-2, owakha umugqa oqondile ngomunwe wangemuva. Ngombono wami, kuvame ukubonwa ezincwadini zokubhekisela lokhu ubude bukhonjiswa - ukusuka esiphelweni 2nd kuze kube sekupheleni komunwe ongu-1 (emuva). Ukugwema ukungafani, kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi ukhombise ukuthi isilinganiswa sonyawo-owl silinganiswa kanjani.Abambalwa baphazamisa ukunemba kwezilinganiso kanye nozipho. E-owl, zinde futhi zigobile kakhulu. Kwesinye isikhathi inyoni ifinyelela esiphelweni somunwe, bese umgodi oshiywe uzipho usebangeni elikhulu impela ukusuka ekugcineni komunwe. Kwesinye isikhathi isikhova sithatha uzipho bese sicindezela iqhwa noma inhlabathi eduze komunwe uqobo. Ngezikhathi ezithile, noma kunjalo, izindlawu ngesizathu esithile azibonakali nhlobo kuphrinta we-paw. Ezimweni ezingabazisayo, kungcono ukukala ubude bayo yonke iminwe (kusukela esithendeni kuya ekugcineni komunwe kanye nozipho).
Uthole isikhova
Eqhweni, isikhova esinezimbali sivame ukungahambi ngezinyathelo, kodwa ngokuxhuma. Ubude be-jumper bungasuka kuma-20 kuye kuma-35 cm. Kungenzeka ukuthi ngokuxhuma isikhathi eside kuzisize ngamaphiko.
Kodwa-ke, angizange ngiphawule ukumaka kwamaphiko eqhweni. Ihleli eqhweni, le nyoni ibeka ama-paws ayo eduze komunye nomunye kunangesikhathi sokugxuma kwayo. Isikhova esihleliwe sinobubanzi bokufakelwa okungaba ngu-7.5 cm.
Uthole Owest Nesting
Ukuze izidleke, isikhova esinezinyawo ezinde sibheka izinyamazane ezindala kanye namagwababa, kwesinye isikhathi sibekela amaqanda ezidlekeni zezinja, amakati, amabhungane, ama-squirrels (akuvamile ukuthi sizale ngembobo). Imvamisa, amaqanda amane kuya kwayisithupha atholakala ezidlekeni zalezi zinyoni. Ku-clutch enkulu kunazo zonke engibonile, kwakuneqanda ama-9. Amaqanda amhlophe ayindilinga alesi sikhohlaphi amancane kunaleso sikhova, esilingana no-39.1 x 32.2 mm. Ngenkathi insikazi ifaka i-clutch, owesilisa useduze nesidleke. Cishe ngaso sonke isikhathi ngangithola indawo yosuku lowesilisa lowesilisa esihlahleni esithile noma emqubeni wamapulangwe, amamitha ambalwa esihlahleni esinezidleke. Uma kwakungekho sihlahla esifanelekile eduze, sasitholakala esihlahleni esingumakhelwane. Inani elikhulu lamalitha nezimfumbe libonisa ukuthi owesilisa uhlala esebenzisa isengezo esithile.
Ngomehluko othile ngosayizi wezimfumbe, kuyamangaza ukuthi zonke zibonakala zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu osayizi 2: eyodwa ngokwesilinganiso 5.4 × 1.8, enye u-3 × 2 cm. Ukulahlwa kukadoti wesikhova esivele nge-3 × 3 cm.
Owl-eyred eside ekuzingeleni
Lapho ukuzingela isikhova, ebusika ungayithola kalula imikhondo yayo. Imvamisa zitholakala emaphethelweni ehlathi, ekuchithweni kwamahlathi, emaphethelweni ezixhaphozi, eduze kwesiqu semithi noma okhalweni lukhula. Esiqwini esiphakeme noma egatsheni eliphansi elingunobubanzi obuyi-1.5-2 m ngaphezu komhlabathi, izindlela ezijwayelekile zesikhova ziyabonakala. Isikhova sasilinde ukuthi kuqhamuke inyamazane kulokhu kubanjwa, sabuya nesivimbo esibanjiwe. Kuyabonakala ukuthi wayehlala isikhathi eside endaweni eyodwa - lonke iqhwa linyathelwa ngama-paws akhe, ngaphansi komshanelo kukhona amabala amhlophe akhilimu abilayo. Ngobukhulu bekhumba, unganquma ukulinganisa usayizi wesikhova, uma ngasizathu simbe amaphrinta enyoni engabonakali. Ngemuva kokuthola indunduma noma igundane eliqeqeba eqhweni, isikhova siyasigijimisa, futhi uma siphumelele, sidla inyamazane, sihleli lapho endaweni ethile noma siyihlasele ihlasele. Ngendlela, ivame ukuphatha inyamazane enobukhulu obuncane hhayi emahlathini ayo, njengoba iningi lezinyoni zasemini ezidla inyama zenza, kodwa ngomlomo wazo.
Endaweni lapho kudliwa khona inyamazane, iqhwa ligcotshwe negazi lalowo ohlukunyeziwe. Kaningi, amathumbu nesisu sesilwane kuhlala. Lokhu kupikisana nombono wokuthi izikhova eziningi ziginya inyamazane ephelele.
Kwesinye isikhathi lapha ungathola imfumbe yesikhova, elahliwe ngaphambi kokudla inyamazane. Izikhova ezincane (ezinde, u-marsh, isikhova, njll.) Ziklebhula induku bese ziyiginya ngezingcezu ezinkulu.
Kwesinye isikhathi, lapho kunamagundane amaningi, kanti isikhova sondlekile kahle, sidla kuphela ikhanda noma umphambili wesidumbu, siphonsa okusele. Izikhova ezinkudlwana, njenge-Ural owl, zigwida ngokuphelele ama-voles amakhulu.
Ngaphezu kokufuna inyamazane kusuka emigodini, izikhova zivame ukusebenzisa indiza yokusesha, zindiza ezindaweni eziphansi eziphakemeyo ezinamagquma. Lapho kutholakala inyamazane, le nyoni iwa phansi ngamawele akhwebile nezimbobo eziqondile. Ukusuka emikhondweni eshiywe eqhweni kuyacaca ukuthi umhlaseli uphonsa hhayi kuphela ezilwaneni ezigxume phezulu, kodwa futhi nalezo ezihamba ekujuleni kweqhwa ngokujula okungaphansi. Kule ndawo kukhona umgodi oqanda, ucindezelwe emilenzeni nasemizimbeni yenyoni. Ukulandelwa kwamaphiko kuyabonakala ezinhlangothini zomgodi, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukugcwala kwezimpaphe ezinde eziye zithinte indawo yeqhwa kwesinye isikhathi kuyabonakala ngemuva. Uma i-dive iphumelele, futhi lokhu kwenzeka cishe kokukodwa kokuphonsa okungu-5, kwesinye isikhathi amathambo wegazi ahlala ezansi komgodi. Amathrekhi afanayo ayabonakala kusuka kude kwe-3-4 m.
Ukubukeka nokuziphatha. Kubukeka njengosayizi weqhude, kepha empeleni lincane (umzimba ubude 35-37 cm, amaphiko angama-84-95 cm, isisindo esingu-160- 3030 g). Ntambama, kwesinye isikhathi kuyenzeka ukuyiqonda ngekholamu yokuhlala emahlahleni aminyene noma emiqhele yemithi, bese “izindlebe” ekhanda namehlo e-orange zivama ukuphawuleka. Isebenza ngokuhlwa nasebusuku, bese uyayibona indiza, uzwe izwi nokushayeka kwamaphiko. Izimpiko zinde futhi azibanzi. Indiza ilula, ingashukunyiswa, ithambile futhi ithule. Incazelo. Umbala wezinyoni ezindala unombala onsundu okhanyayo ngombala omnyama, omfushane obude. Ngokuqhathanisa nesikhova semabhele, cishe sonke isisu sisezigangeni eziminyene, esinemifudlana emide enama “amagatsha” aguqukayo. I-disc yangaphambili ebekiwe. “Izindlebe” ezinamathele, cishe njalo zibonakala enyameni ehleli ekhanda layo; ekubalekeni kwazo, kucindezelwa futhi akubonakali. Amehlo alu-orange (isikhova sinamehlo aphuzi), uqhwaku lumnyama. Ngaphansi kwephiko kundiza kukhanya kunamabala amnyama emphethweni wephiko. Umehluko ekubalekeni kwesikhova esinamachaphaza uchazwe endabeni eselangeni le-eyred. Owesilisa nowesifazane bafana ngombala, owesilisa mkhulu kunowesifazane. Amachwane asembatho sokuqala esinezitezi ezimhlophe, ngemuva kwesonto aqala ukushintshwa yi-mesoptiles. Ukusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-5-7 ubudala, “imaskhi” emnyama iqala ukubonakala emehlweni. Izindlebe zezindlebe ziqala ukuvela kusuka ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14. Ku-mesoptile, amaphuphu ampunga ngombala wokusakaza okukhanya okukhanyayo, izindlebe ezincane nomaskandi omnyama ohlukile. Eminyakeni engu-20-25 yezinsuku, amaphuphu aqala ukuphuma esidlekeni, izimpaphe zawo ziqala ukukhula kakhulu, futhi afinyelela usayizi wezinyoni ezindala. Enenyanga eyodwa ubudala, abantu abasha baqala ukundiza. Izinsimbi zezingubo zokugqoka ezisencane zisabonakala kahle ezinyonini ezincane kuze kube sezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala; engutsheni yokuqala yabantu abadala, ziyafana nabantu abadala.
Vota. Ngesikhathi samanje, owesilisa ukhalela ukukhala okuyisithulu okungekuhle "uh ... uh ... uh"Ngokuphumula kwemizuzwana emi-2-3, nge-alamu izinyoni zenza imisindo ezithuluayo"i-wack wack wack"Noma" ukuthulisa. " Izindiza zamanje nazo zenziwa kaningi, ngomsindo wamaphiko amaphiko. NgoJuni nangoJulayi, kusihlwa nasebusuku, imisindo yokumemeza isekude kakhulu - mncane "piii ... piii»Ngokuphumula kwemizuzwana eminingana.
Isimo Sokusabalalisa. ENyakatho ye-Esasia, eNyakatho Melika. Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, kwenzeka yonke indawo ngaseningizimu yama-63-65 ngokufana. Yonke indawo ivame kakhulu, kepha isibalo ne-fecundity ziyehlukahluka unyaka nonyaka ngokuya ngenani lamagundane afana negundane. Indlela yokuphila. Ihlala ezindaweni lapho kuvuleka khona izikhala (imishanguzo, amasimu, inkatho engenalutho, izingadi zemifino) okugxilwe kuzo ngamakhophi, amasango, izingadi. Iziteshi ezijwayelekile zokwakha izidleke ngamabhande amahlathi eceleni kwemigwaqo nemisele, ingaphandle kwezindawo zokuhlala, izingadi, izindlu zangasese zasehlobo, amangcwaba. Ngokuvamile izalela izidleke zama-corvid, ithanda kakhulu izidleke zamantongomane, kepha futhi ingakha esidlekeni esibanzi, ezakhiweni, ngisho nasemhlabathini. Ngokwayo ayizakhi izidleke, akukho kulayini. Ku-clutch kuvame ama-3-8 (aze afike ku-10) amaqanda amhlophe. Insikazi ifaka i-clutch kusuka eqandeni lokuqala, ngakho-ke amachwane esidlekeni ahluke kakhulu ubudala. Izingane zondliwe yibo bobabili abazali. I-Vole kanye namagundane ayisisekelo sokudla okunempilo; kaningi, ezinye izilwane ezincane ziyabanjwa. Iyazingela ebusuku, indiza esizeni noma ilindele inyamazane ekuhlaseleni. Izimpukane ezivela ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho yebanga (ubusika bethu izikhova ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezisentshonalanga naseningizimu yeYurophu), kwezinye izinhlobonhlobo zezinyoni eziningi zasebusika ezingxenyeni zazo zokudla. Ngesikhathi sasebusika, kwezinye izindawo kwesinye isikhathi ziba ngamaqoqo amakhulu amakhulu emihla ngemihla emqheleni omnyama wezihlahla zezihlahla zezinyoni eziyishumi.
I-Owl eared ende (i-Asio otus)
Ikhasi 2
I-Owl Owl (Asio otus) Isikhova esinamehlo amade sifana nekhophi elincane lesikhova esinezindlebe zezimpaphe zalo ezibukhali kanye nombala okhanyayo we-orange we-iris yamehlo. Kepha kuthi lapho esehlala phansi, ehleli egatsheni, aphumule usuku lonke, anciphise amehlo akhe, anciphise iplamu lakhe futhi azelule, ngokushesha uphenduka isikhova abe yisigaxa esomile. Ukufana kukhulisa umbala wenyoni, okuphindaphinda kahle umbala kanye nokugquma kwegxolo lesihlahla okugcwele phakathi kwemifantu. Ukufihla okunjalo akudingekile, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho kuhlala khona ophisi be-goshawk, ngentshiseko kufaka nezikhova eziziwinile ohlwini lwazo lokuzingela. Yebo, futhi noma iyiphi inyoni encane, lapho ibona isikhova, iqala ukuvota kulo lonke leli hlathi bese iqoqa wonke umhlambi wezihlobo ezikhuluphele, okungeke kungivumele ukuba ngiphumule ngokuzola emva kokuzingela ebusuku. Ukusuka kwezinye izikhova, ikakhulukazi kusukela emameleni, isikhova esinezimpondo zihlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko ngamasentimitha ayisithupha, izindlebe zezimpaphe (izindlebe zangempela zifihlwe kahle ngaphansi kwezimpaphe), umbala o-orange ogqamile (ezinyoni ezindala uze ubomvu) umbala wombala we-iris yeso (kumbala owomile uphuzi) ) kanye nokuba khona kwepeni ngalinye lohlangothi olungezansi lomzimba kanye nemifudlana emide yephethini elincanyana le-straky transverse. Isikhova esinezintambo ezinde siyizinhlobo zamapulasitiki; zihlala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zama-biotope endaweni yaseBelarus: Izicucu ezisogwini ezisogwini, izindawo zokuphephela umoya, amahlathi esiqhingi phakathi kwezolimo zezindawo, izindawo eziseceleni kaphayini kanye namahlathi angaqedi, izingadi, amapaki nezigodi. Le nyoni encane (inesisindo esingama-300 g) ithola izimo ezifanele zokuhlala phakathi kwamathafa ahlalwa ngabantu, lapho amahlathi angawodwa afakwa khona ngamamithi amakhulu nezinsimu, indawo engenamuntu ngisho nokulahla udoti.
Isikhova esinezinyawo ezinde sichitha usuku sicashe emqheleni wesihlahla esiminyene, kuthi lapho sekufika ebusuku siphume siyothenga izimboni namasimu aseduze. Ukuzingela indiza kuyinto ebonakala kakhulu kuyo, futhi ukuzingela inyamazane kusetshenziswa njengendlela yokusiza futhi kuthatha cishe amaphesenti ayishumi wesikhathi sonke sokuzingela. Cishe kuphela amagundane anjengegundane awela ezinhlafunweni zesikhova esinezintambo ezinde, isabelo sebhubesi phakathi kwaso singama-voles asempunga - izakhamizi eziningi ezivulekile ezingenazindawo.
Lolu hlobo, kanye ne-kestrel ne-barn owl, kungathembisa ukuheha amabhizinisi ezolimo, ngoba izinduku zingama-90% ezifakiwe ekudleni.
Isikhova esidala sidla cishe ama-voes amabili aphakathi nendawo nsuku zonke. Umndeni wezikhova ezinamachwane ayi-5 ngesizini (kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kuya ngasekupheleni kukaJuni) ungabhubhisa izinduku ezingaphezu kuka-1000!
Ngobusuku obunokuthula nokuzolile, isikhova kufanele sithathe izimbotshana ezimbili noma ezintathu ukubamba isisulu esisodwa, futhi lapho umoya unamandla noma lina ngenxa yomsindo, ukusebenza ngokuzingela kuncishiswa amahlandla amabili kuya kwamathathu.
Impilo esidlekayo yesikhova esinezimbali ezinde igeleza ehlathini. Inhlobo incike kakhulu kwizinyoni zomndeni wakwaCorvidae (i-magpie, i-rook, igwababa, i-grey crow), esidlekayo kuyo. Ihamba kalula ezidlekeni zokwenziwa kulezo zindawo lapho kungekho khona izidleke zama-corvid. Ukuphakama kwezidleke zezikhova akunandaba. Kubalulekile kubo ukuthi isakhiwo saphephezelwa kahle ezingxenyeni zobukhulu bomqhele. Ukuzala kwesikhova esivele sikhona kuyahlukahluka eminyakeni ehlukene ngokuya ngenani lama-voles. Eminyakeni evumayo ngokwemibandela yezimo zokuphakelwa, ezindlini kukhona amaqanda angama-8-9 noma ngaphezulu, kepha esikhathini esiningi awekho ngaphezu kwesihlanu noma ayisithupha. Izikhova ezinesikhathi eside zikwazi ukondla zonke izingane kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle kakhulu zokuthola ukudla. Eminyakeni enenombolo ephansi yama-voles, amachwane amancane noma amancane kunabo bonke abancane bafa ngenxa yokungondleki. Inani lamachwane akhulisiwe lisuka kuma-30 liye kuma-65% enani lamaqanda elibekwe. Eminyakeni engaba amasonto amane, amachwane ashiya isidleke, acishe angakwazi ukundiza. Ezinyangeni ezimbili ngemuva kokushiya esidlekeni, izingane zitholwa kalula kusihlwa yisichilo eside samachwane. Ekwindla, ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, ama-ornithologists aseBelarusian aqaphela ukuthutha kwezikhova ezinde ezinamehlo. Izikhova zethu zindizela eningizimu, kanti ezisenyakatho zindiza ziye eBelarus.
Ezindaweni ezifudukayo nasezindaweni zobusika, izikhova ezinesikhathi eside zivame ukuqoqwa yizinkampani eziningi. Amawoluka wezikhova ezingama-8 kuya kwe-12 ajwayelekile impela, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kufika ezinyoni ezingamashumi amathathu noma ngaphezulu, abachitha isikhathi sasemini esiseduze komunye nomunye, imvamisa esihlahleni esisodwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, abazizwa besaba kakhulu umuntu futhi bayabavumela ukuthi bazicabangele ngokwabo. Izinyoni zindizela eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30 ngemuva kokushona kwelanga. Izikhova ezinesikhathi eside zinezitha ezimbalwa. Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke yezinyoni ezindala izikhova nezikhova, kanti kwesinye isikhathi ama-martens alimaza izidleke. Isikhova esisodwa esinezimpondo sasihlala emvelweni iminyaka engama-29 nezinyanga eziyi-9.
EBelarus, isikhova esinezimpaphe ezinde asinasimo senyoni evikelekile (kunezinkulungwane eziyi-12 ukuya kwezi-20 zazo), kodwa kuluhlu lwezinhlobo zezilwane ezihloselwe ukuvikelwa ngokuya ngeBerne Convention. Amaqiniso ayi-10 athokozisayo ngesikhova esikhohliwe:
- “Izindlebe” zokuhlonza izimpaphe, ngenxa yokuthi isikhova sinegama lazo, empeleni azihlangani ngezindlebe zangempela, ezifihliwe ngaphansi kwezimpaphe.
- Kunezinhlobo eziyi-11 kuphela zezidleke zezikhova eBelarus. Isikhova esinamandla amakhulu singenye yazo.
- Ngokwesilinganiso, izikhova azihlali isikhathi eside. Ngakho-ke, isikhova esidumile esivele saphila isikhathi eside sasihlala iminyaka engama-29 nezinyanga eziyi-9 kuphela.
- Isikhova esinezimbali ezinde siguqula ikhanda laso ngama-270 degrees.
- Isikhova esinezinyawo ezinde asizakhi izidleke, kepha zihlala ezidlekeni zezinye izinyoni ezilahliwe. Kulokhu, lapho ukhetha isidleke, ngokuyinhloko sincike ekuzifihlakaliseni kwayo.
- Kodwa-ke, lezi zikhova zihlala ngokuzithandela ezindlini ezakhiwe ngabantu.
- EBelarus, izikhova ezinesikhathi eside zisebenzisa ubusika. Imvamisa baphathwa yizinkampani zezinyoni ezingama-8-10. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi uyakwazi ukubona izikhova ezingaba ngu-30 esihlahleni esisodwa.
- Isikhova esinamehlo amade sifana nekhophi elincane lesikhova esinezintambo 'ezibukhali' zezimpaphe ezilingana ngobude kanye nombala ogqamile we-iris.
- Isikhova esinezinyawo ezinde sinezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo. Ingozi enkulu idalwa yisikhova, esingaphikisi ukuzelapha ngokwaso. Kepha abantu abadala basengozini enkulu ngenxa yomfel 'ukholo.
- Isikhova sidla amagundane we-vole. Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuze ubambe igundane elilodwa, lidinga ukuhlela phansi izikhathi ezi-2-3. Futhi ngomoya onamandla, le nombolo ingakhuphuka kaningana.