Uyemukelwa ekhasini 404! Ulapha ngoba ufake ikheli lekhasi elingasatholakali noma elidluliselwe kwelinye ikheli.
Ikhasi olicelile kungenzeka ukuthi lihanjisiwe noma lasuswa. Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi wenze i-typo encane lapho ufaka ikheli - lokhu kuyenzeka nathi, ngakho-ke ihlole futhi ngokucophelela.
Uyacelwa ukuthi usebenzise indlela yokuhamba noma yokusesha ukuthola imininingwane oyithandayo. Uma unemibuzo, bese ubhalela umphathi.
Imiqondo ehambisanayo
Le ndatshana imayelana nohlobo lwezinyoni uParus, ezinye izinyoni zomndeni uParidae, Aegithalidae noParadoxornithidae abizwa nangokuthi yi-titmouse. Ummeleli ojwayelekile wohlobo yi-Great Tit (Parus enkulu), edlangile eRussia.
Isicelo se-Apus siphinde saqondiswa lapha, ngoba i-constellation ibona i-bird of Paradise (i-constellation) Swaps, noma ama-swaps ajwayelekile (Latin Apus, kwamanye amaGrikhi "angenamlenze") - uhlobo lwezinyoni zomndeni wama swaps.
Le ndatshana imayelana ne-genus Streptopelia, ebizwa nangokuthi abamele enye i-gengeon genera ngokuthi yi-Streptopelia. Streptopelia noma Streptopelia (lat. Streptopelia, bakwezinye iziGreki.
Ukubukeka
Umndeni weKingfisher mncane kakhulu, uvame ukuzinyoni futhi unezinyoni ezinhle kakhulu. Isici esiyinhloko sezinyoni ezinjalo sifanekelwa ngumlomo omkhulu futhi oqinile, kanye nama-paws amafushane. Ukwakheka kuyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwenyamazane, ngakho-ke abantu abadla izinhlanzi banomlomo obukhali futhi oqondile, futhi kukakabara libanzi impela futhi alikho lide kakhulu, lihunyushwe ukunqotshwa inyamazane ngesimo sezilwane ezincelisayo noma ama-amphibians amancane. Izinhlobo ezigxila ekubambeni izibungu kanye nabakhileyo basemhlabeni zinomlomo onesihloko esicijile somlinganiso.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ukuba khona kombala osawolintshi okhanyayo esiswini kungenxa yobukhona bemibala ekhethekile ye-carotenoid ezimpaphe, futhi ezinye izimpaphe ezinesakhiwo esikhethekile somzimba zibonisa inani elithile lesibonisi esibonakalayo, ngakho-ke zinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ne-tint yensimbi.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni lohlobo, bonke abamele umndeni wakwaZimorodkov baboniswa ngama-paws amafushane kakhulu ngeminwe yangaphambili efakiwe engxenyeni ebalulekile yobude. Amasayizi wezinyoni ze-Alcedinidae ahluka kakhulu. Ukwenza isibonelo, izinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke zimelelwa yizinhlobo zama-kingfisher zasehlathini lase-Afrika (Isridina lecoteñi). Ubude bale nyoni abudluli ku-10 cm ngesisindo esiphezulu se-g. Phakathi kwabameleli abakhulu bomndeni kukhona i-Pied pie giof kingfisher (Megaceryle maxima), kanye ne-kookaburra (Dacelo novaeguinee) ehleka, efinyelela kubude obungu-38-40 cm ngesisindo sama-350-400 g.
Indlela yokuphila nokuziphatha
Abadobi bezimpondo ezindala bahlala endaweni yabo esendaweni ikakhulu. Leyo ndawo iqukethe ukweluka kogu olungamakhilomitha amaningi. Noma yimuphi umfokazi ovele endaweni evikelekile uyaxoshwa lapho kudonswa udizili. Lapho kuqala isikhathi sasebusika, abomdobi bashiya amazwe abo, bathuthela eduze naseningizimu kuze kube sentwasahlobo.
Izinhlobo ze-Kingfisher
Ngokombono wababhali abahlukahlukene, inani elihlukile lezinhlobo linikezwa uhlobo lwe-Alsedo, kodwa ngokuya nge-International Union of Ornithologists, umuntu angahlukanisa:
- Okuvamile, noma iBlue Kingfisher (lat. Alcedo atthis) - inyoni encane enkulu ngosayizi omncane kunondlunkulu ojwayelekile. Abamele le nhlobo banenqwaba yemibala egqamile, ecwebezelayo ngenhla nombala oluhlaza okotshani, onamabala amancane okukhanya emaphikweni nasekhanda. Le nyoni ikhipha i-squeak yesikhashana efana ne "Tiip-Tiip-Tiip." Lokhu okubhaliselwe kuhlanganisa okuningana okuyisithupha - okuxazululiwe nokufudukayo,
- I-Kingfisher enemikhono esifubeni (lat. Alcedo eurozone- - Izinyoni zase-Asiya ezinomphimbo omhlophe, ikhanda elimnyama eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nohlangothi olungaphezulu lwamaphiko, amabele amhlophe noma owolintshi, isisu nohlangothi oluphansi lwamaphiko. Ababili ababelwa kule nhlobo,
- Abadobi abakhulu bensundu (lat. Alcedo Hercules- - Izinyoni zase-Asiya, ezingabameli abakhulu bohlobo. Le nyoni ihlukaniswa ngumlomo omnyama, ikhanda eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uhlangothi olumnyama oluluhlaza lwamaphiko, umphimbo omhlophe, isifuba esinombala obomvu, isisu nohlangothi oluphansi lwamaphiko,
- I-Kingfisher eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (lat. Ukuphathwa kwe-Alcedo- - Izinyoni zase-Asia, zifana ne-kingfisher ejwayelekile ngokubukeka. Umehluko omkhulu umelelwa ngamapulangwe aluhlaza emzimbeni ophezulu kanye nezimpaphe eziwolintshi ezikhanyayo emzimbeni ongezansi. Lokhu okubhalwe phansi kufaka izingxhaso eziyisithupha,
- I-Turquoise Kingfisher (lat. Alcedo quadribrashys) - inyoni yase-Afrika enoqhwaku olumnyama, inhloko eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uhlangothi olumnyama oluhlaza okotshani lwamaphiko, umphimbo omhlophe, umbala obomvu esifubeni, isisu kanye nangaphansi kwamaphiko. Ababili ababelwa kule nhlobo.
Futhi, ochwepheshe be-International Union of Ornithologists bangabayingxenye yohlobo lwe-Alsedo Small Blue Kingfisher (i-Alsedo sorulessesens) neCobalt, noma i-semi-cervical kingfisher (Alsedo semitoroquata).
Ososayensi bazobuyisela ama-mammoth eSiberia ngeminyaka engama-30-50
Isifiso sokuhlanganisa inyamazane nokubuyisa sonke isibalo salezi zilwane empilweni sisondela kakhulu. Ngokusho kukaHendrik Poynar, uprofesa wesayensi yemvelo e-University of Canada eMcMaster, lokhu sekuyiminyaka engaba ngu-30-50.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Ukubhalwa phansi kwe-kingfisher kuvamile e-Eurasia, enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, eNew Zealand nase-Indonesia, naseNew Guinea naseSolomon Islands. Abadobi bezimpondo zesifufula esinemigqa zivamile emahlathini emvula ashisayo eSoutheast Asia.
Kuyathakazelisa! Cishe bonke abameleli bohlobo lweKingfisher bavame kakhulu futhi bahlala esifundeni sase-Afrika, izingxenye eziseningizimu ye-Europe ne-Asia, i-Australia kanye neNew Guinea, kanye ne-Solomon Islands. Ensimini yezwe lethu kunezinhlobo ezinhlanu ezimelwe yizihlobo eziningi.
Abadobi abakhulu boluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka bahlala emifuleni nasehlathini eliswakeme lomswakama eSoutheast Asia. Ibanga lalezi zinhlobo lisuka eHimalayan Sikkim liya esiqhingini saseChinese iHainan. Abamele yonke imininingwane engaphansi kwe-Blue-eared kingfisher ehlala ezindaweni eziseduzane nemifula kanye namachibi, bakhetha amahlathi amnyama ahlala eluhlaza. Abadobi benkosi yaseTurquoise bahlala ehlathini elishisayo elinomswakama eCentral naseNtshonalanga Afrika.
I-Kingfisher
Ama-Kingfishers (ngesiLatin: Alcedo) ahlobo lwezinyoni ezomndeni we-kingfisher, i-oda iRakseobraznye ne-genus Kingfisher. Ngokwenganekwane ethakazelisa kakhulu, umsuka wegama kungenxa yegama elihlanekezelwe le nyoni elihlala futhi lithungela amachwane emibotsheni yobumba - umjondolo.
Esithombeni - i-kingfisher ejwayelekile, noma eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (lat. Alcedo atthis) - inyoni encane. Inepulale ekhanyayo, ecwebezelayo ngaphezulu, ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala, enamabala amancane akhanyayo emaphikweni nasekhanda.
Le nyoni ikhipha ukunqotshwa ngezikhathi ezithile zohlobo lwe- “triip-triip”.
Akukaziwa nje ukuthi uhlala lapha, noma ufudukile.
Ukudla kweKingfisher
Ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwe-kingfisher imelwe izinhlanzi ezincane, kufaka phakathi i-barbel, i-grey, i-sculpin, i-char ne-minnow. Izinyoni zidla inyamazane enjalo kuqhamuka. Uma kunokwenzeka, ama-angler anezinwele abamba ngokuzithandela ama-crustaceans amancane, izinambuzane, amasele namadisili. I-kingfisher ihlala ingagudluki emagatsheni noma emaceleni otshani obekwe phezu kwamanzi, noma isebenzise amatshe kanye nokwehlisa ulwandle ngasolwandle njengabaqamekeli.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isisulu esibanjiwe simangazwa ukushaya igatsha okuningi, bese kuthi ngemuva kwalokho i-kingfisher isinamathe ngentambo yaso futhi igwinye ikhanda ngaphambili. Amathambo enhlanzi nezikali ziyaqhekeka nge-kingfisher ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukuxotshwa kungalandelelwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, emva kwalokho inyoni ingena emanzini bese igxuma khona manjalo. Lapho inyamazane ibanjiwe uqhwaku, i-kingfisher ibuyela ekuncwabeni kwayo noma eposini yokubonayo. Ngenxa yokushaywa ngamandla kwamaphiko amafushane aqine futhi kahle, inyoni ingandiza ngokushesha emoyeni.
Ukuqothulwa kwama-dinosaurs ahlotshaniswa nokuwa kwamaqabunga
Ukuwa kwenkanyezi, okungenzeka ukuthi sikweleta ukuqothulwa kokugcina kwama-dinosaurs, kwaba nomunye umphumela omubi - amahlathi asabekayo. Lesi siphetho safinyelelwa yi-paleontologists eyatadisha ushintsho ekwakhiweni kwayo.
Izitha zemvelo
Abamele umndeni weKingfisher, i-oda le-Rakshoobrazny nohlobo lweKingfisher cishe azinazitha, kepha izinyoni ezincane futhi ezingavuthiwe ngokuphelele zingaba isisulu esilula se-falcon ne-hawk. Abazingeli kwamanye amazwe bavame ukuzingela ama-kingfisher futhi benze izilwane ezazigxishwe emiqwini yazo. Phezu kokuthi ama-kingfishers cishe engenazo izitha zemvelo, isibalo sezinyoni ezinjalo sincipha ngokuqinile, ngenxa yokuwohloka kwemvelo kwamahlathi nezamachibi.
Ukuzalela inzalo
Zonke izimpimpi zasesigabeni sezinyoni ezinyanyayo, kepha phakathi kwabesilisa kuvame ukubakhona abantu abazala imikhaya eminingana ngasikhathi sinye. Ukuze lo mbala wakhe, owesilisa wethulwa insikazi nenhlanzi ebanjiweyo. Uma isipho esinjalo samukelwa, khona-ke umndeni uyakhiwa. Amabili athengiselwa kuphela isikhathi esifudumele sesikhathi, futhi ngokuqala kobusika, ama-kingfishers ahlukana futhi andiza ngokuhlukile ebusika. Kodwa-ke, entwasahlobo, izinyoni ezinjalo zibuyela esidlekeni sazo esidala, bese lo mbhangqwana uphinde uhlangana.
I-kingfisher imba isidleke sayo ogwini, kunalokho imithambeka, endaweni eseduze yedamu. Umgodi noma ukungena esidlekeni kufihlwe ngamagatsha esihlahla noma izihlahla, kanye nezimpande zezitshalo. Ibanga elijwayelekile phakathi kwezidleke zobumba ezihlukile, njengomthetho, li-0.3-1.0 km noma kancane ngaphezulu. Ukulungela ngokuphelele ukuhamba esidlekeni kufinyelela kumitha ubude kunokubukeka okuvundlile. Le "bird hole" eyinqaba enjalo igcina ngokunwetshwa okukhethekile - igumbi lokudlela, kepha ngaphandle kokulahlwa.
I-Clutch ingahle ibe namaqanda ama-4-11 amhlophe futhi acwebezelayo, kepha iningi lawo inani alidluli izingcezu ezi-5-8. Amaqanda afakwa ngenye indlela ngabazali ababili amasonto amathathu, kuthi emva kwalokho kuzalwe amachwane angama-kingfisher angaboni futhi angenasici ngokuphelele. Izinyoni zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi zizuza ngentshiseko isisindo, esichazwa ngokudla okuningiliziwe ngesimo sezibungu zezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene.
Kuyathakazelisa! Cishe inyanga ngemuva kokuzalwa, esethole amandla futhi ethola amandla, amaphuphu e-kingfisher aqala ukundiza ukuphuma emgodini womzali. Izinyoni ezincane zinezimpaphe ezingakhanyi kangako futhi ziphansi ngosayizi kubantu abadala.
Izinsuku ezimbalwa, ukukhula okuncane kugoqana nabazali bayo, okuthi ngalesi sikhathi baqhubeke bondle inzalo. Izimo ezinhle ezanele zivumela ama-kingfisher ukuthi enze i-clutch yesibili futhi akhulise enye inzalo, ilungele ukundiza okuzimele ukusuka maphakathi nenyanga ehlobo edlule.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
I-kingfisher ejwayelekile inesimo esingaphazamisi. Cishe abantu abayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amathathu bahlala eYurophu kuphela, futhi inani eliphelele emazweni amaningi okwamanje lizinzile. Noma kunjalo, i-kingfisher ifakwe ku-Red Book of Buryatia, futhi izinto ezithintela inani labantu azaziwa namuhla.