Opossums basonta infraclass ezincelisayo marsupial
Sekuvele ukuthi iningi labantu abahlala emiphakathini eseNingizimu Melika laqothuka ngemuva kokuvela kwebhuloho lemvelo phakathi kwamazwekazi. Opossums bakwazi hhayi kuphela siphila ezimweni zokukhuphula izinga lokuncintisana ngenxa ukuthutha asebenzayo zezinto eziphilayo ukusuka enyakatho, kodwa futhi ukwandisa ububanzi yabo. Manje lezi zilwane ngaphansi kuhlolwa ososayensi bezama ukuqonda ukuthi iziphi izici ethile kwesakhiwo wabavumela ukufeza imiphumela enjalo emangalisayo.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Umndeni we-opossum yisigaba sezilwane ezincelisayo ezihlala ezwekazini laseMelika (iNingizimu neNyakatho Melika). Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu abakhileyo endala Zomhlaba, ngubani ezisekhona kuze kube namuhla njengoba leyo Cretaceous. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kusukela lezo zilwane ezikude esidlule ngokubukeka kwabo hhayi zishintshile nhlobo, ngakho ukuba bakhulume, esigcinwe ifomu yawo yangempela.
Kepha i-America, ososayensi bathola ukuthi ekuqaleni ama-phenas ahlala izwekazi laseNingizimu Melika kuphela. Kamuva, lapho kuvela ibhuloho okuthiwa phakathi aseMelika amabili, izinhlobo eziningi kunazo zonke izinhlobo zezilwane kusuka eNyakatho neMelika waqala uthuthele ku South, okwaholela ekufeni olukhulu ama-marsupial eNingizimu Melika. Yiqiniso, akubona bonke izinhlobo opossum ezisekhona, kodwa izindaba ezinhle wukuthi okungenani ezinye ezisekhona kuze kube izikhathi zethu futhi bakwazi kahle ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezintsha khona.
Ividiyo: Opossum
Ngaphezu yokuthi lezi zilwane ezincane ephethwe ukuze sisinde lokuzivumelanisa nokushintsha, nabo zasakazekela kulo lonke i-Nyakatfo Melika cishe eCanada. Lapho eseyinsizwa efundela ezomthetho imvelaphi yalezi zilwane, kufanele nakanjani sinake idatha yokwemba, okuyinto usazise ukuthi once upon a time, ezikhathini zasendulo, opossum futhi owakhiwe Europe.
Uma ungafinyeleli emlandweni wakudala kakhulu, kodwa ungene kulokho okutholakala kumuntu, khona-ke okunye kokushiwo kokuqala kwe-phenum kwenziwa encwadini ye-geologist yaseSpain, umpristi kanye nesazi-mlando uPedro Ciez de Leon ngonyaka we-1553, lo msebenzi ubizwa ngokuthi yi-Chronicle yasePeru. Kuyo, yaseSpain echazwe isilwane esincane ayikaziwa kuye, okuyinto lalifana impungushe, waba umsila omude, ngezidladla amancane umbala sinombala izinwele.
Izihlobo abakhulu opossum kusukela Melika kukhona opossum rat emise. Njengoba sekuphawuliwe, kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezinketho, zihlukile ngokubukeka futhi zinezindawo ezahlukahlukene.
Ake uchaze ezinye zazo:
- Possum Common mikhulu, isisindo sayo ongafinyelela-6 kg. Isilwane sithatha imfashini siye emahlathini asogwini lwamachibi ahlukahlukene, sidla okusanhlamvu, izibankwa, sidla izinambuzane eziningi namakhowe,
- Opossum Virgin futhi ezinkulu (kufika ku-6 kg), uthanda amahlathi kanye nomswakama high, kodwa izimpilo phezu Prairies. Idla sidla amagundane amancane, izinyoni, amaqanda inyoni, unogwaja abasha,
- I-phenum yamanzi ikhona, ngokwemvelo, ngamanzi, idla izinhlanzi, i-crayfish, i-shrimp, ebamba isidlo sasemini sayo ngqo. Ngezinye izikhathi ujabulele izithelo. Akukona esikhulu njengoba nezinye izinhlobo umkhaya walo,
- I-Mouse inclum ayijulile neze. Ubude bayo 15 cm. amahlathi ithanda entabeni (kufika ku 2.5 km okusezingeni eliphezulu). Idla izinambuzane, amaqanda inyoni futhi bonke hlobo of thelo,
- I-inclum enomsila ompunga mncane kakhulu, inesisindo esingaphezu kwamagremu ayikhulu futhi inobude obuyi-12 kuye ku-16 cm. Ilungisa indawo eyisicaba embozwe ngotshani obuncane, ithanda ukuhlanganisa izindlu zabantu,
- I Possum toothfish kuyinto encane ngokuphelele, enesisindo mayelana 50 kuphela amagremu. Ukudla wayo lomkhulu izinambuzane.
Vele, ngaphezu kwalabo abasohlwini, kunezinye izinhlobo zezinto ezinokwenzeka.
Ukondla
Imikhiqizo Evinjelwe:
- birdseed,
- ushizi,
- omisiwe,
- amagilebhisi
- ulethisi
- inani elikhulu namantongomane.
Ukudla okulinganiselwe
- Izithelo ingumkhiqizo kakhulu ebalulekile ekudleni Posum. Bafanele 70% ukukhonza.
- Ukudla kwamaprotheni kufanele kube amaphesenti angama-30 kokukhonzwayo.
- Ukudla kufanele abe phosphorus kancane ne-calcium ngaphezulu.
- Ukuze anikeze abancane abahle, kuphela njengoba uswidi.
- Unganikeza ezinye izithasiselo zenyama (inkukhu ebilisiwe noma yenkukhu).
- Awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle ukudla bukhoma (izintethe noma zoobus).
- Kanye ngesonto, uju kumele inikezwe, okuyinto inomphumela omuhle ku ukugaya.
Vele, ukuqukethe ushukela okulula kukude kulula. Nokho, labo asesabi nobunzima ungathola ngokuphepha Fluffy emaflaya marsupial futhi uyonikwa mayelana kweminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu ongenakulibaleka yokuxhumana.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: opossum isilwane
Sithole ukuthi emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezinto ezingenzeka, ngakho-ke, sibheka izimpawu zangaphandle zesici kanye nezici zalesi silwane sisebenzisa isibonelo se-phenum evamile. Ubukhulu lalesi silwane ezincane, ubude ke sifinyelela mayelana 60 cm, nabesifazane kukhona 10 amasentimitha ezincane. Ngokuvamile, i-opossum iyafana ngosayizi ukuba umuntu omdala ikati abavamile. Isihlakala sakhe sikhombe futhi siyaphakama.
Umsila we isilwane esinamandla nqunu, hhayi linoboya, ngasesinqeni kuba mkhulu kakhulu. Ngalo, ulenga Possum amagatsha uma elele noma uhamba umqhele izihlahla. Ijazi le-phenum alilide, kepha ligcwele phama futhi linobukhulu.
Umbala izilwane iyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ezihlukahlukene zabo futhi kwendawo ngakho opossum kungaba:
- grey
- Okumpunga okumpunga
- Brown
- grey Khanyisa
- Mnyama
- Beige.
Uma sikhuluma Possum ezivamile ke uboya bayo kuyinto ezimpunga streaks olumhlophe, nesikhulu sawo ulula, lapho abamnyama, efana ubuhlalu, amehlo nezindlebe oyindilinga sigqame. Amawashi wesilwane angamaphayi amahlanu, umunwe ngamunye unogqoko olubukhali. Imihlathi isilwane abonisa primitiveness yayo. I Possum sinamazinyo 50, 4 kulo bayizinkulungwane Amazinyo, isakhiwo sabo nendawo iyafana isakhiwo amazinyo ezincelisayo lasendulo.
Isici esibonakalayo sesilwane ukuba khona kwesikhwama lapho sithwala khona amawundlu, ngoba azalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, futhi kuwo akhula abe namandla. Isikhwama esibayeni isikhumba elivulekela ngasenyakatho-umsila. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abanye izinhlobonhlobo opossum beswela esikhwameni, isb azinakubukeka, futhi amawundlu abambelela ebeleni likanina aze azimele.
Indlela yokuphila
Possum kuyinto isilwanezikhetha izindawo eningizimu. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kuphela zabezokuvakasha eNyakatho Melika. Climbing ezijulile ezwekazini, izilwane ukufriza imisila angenalutho nezindlebe e ebusika nokhahlo.
Nokho, kukhona izinhlobo opossum kweqiniso lapho kuphela ichopho umsila kuyinto elingenalutho. Iningi elingaphezulu komhlaba limbozwe ngoboya. Engingakusho nje kokukhumbula Possum thick-tailed. Yiqiniso, yena uhlala eNingizimu, hhayi i-Nyakatfo Melika.
Izici zokuphila ze-Opossum zifaka:
- khona yedwa esitokisini
- abahlala emahlathini, emathafeni futhi ephuma kabili emaqeleni
- Ezimweni eziningi, ukugcinwa kwendlela yokuphila yesihlahla (ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu kungokwasemhlabeni futhi i-inclum yasemanzini kuphela eyi-semi-yasemanzini)
- umsebenzi lapho kuhlwa nobusuku
- khona azifane basebusika (nge nezikhawu ezimfushane sihlale siphapheme ngezinsuku esihle) uma isilwane uhlala endaweni enyakatho
Mayelana nezinkethoawukwazi ukusho ukuthi bahlakaniphile. Ngo ukukhalipha, izilwane ziphansi izinja, amakati, amagundane abavamile. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akuphazamisi ukugcinwa kwamathuba amaningi ekhaya. Small osayizi kwezilwane, complaisance zabo, buhle bakhangwa.
Le filimu "Ice Age" wenza igalelo lalo ukuthandwa izilwane. I-phenum kwakungeyona nje eyodwa yamaqhawe akhe, kodwa wayeyintandokazi yomphakathi.
Kukuphi lapho Possum baphile?
Photo: Big opossum
Namuhla, ama-Optum agcinile ukuhlala kwawo unomphela ezweni leNew World, yize ayevame ukwanda kulo lonke elaseYurophu, njengoba kufakazelwa ukuvubukulwa kwe-paleontological. Opossums esezinzile ezindaweni kokubili Americas (amazwekazi aseNyakatho naseNingizimu). Muva nje, ososayensi etshalwe ziye zaqaphela ukuthi luyaphumelela endaweni yazo ihamba enyakatho okungaphezulu kakhulu kwalokho, ukufinyelela engxenyeni eseningizimu-mpumalanga-Canada ne-Antilles Lesser.
Ama-possums athandana namahlathi, ama-steppes, i-semi-desert terrain. Bahlala, kokubili emathafeni futhi kwezifunda zezintaba, ngaphandle kokuya ephakeme kunaleyo 4 km. Ngoba kukhona izinhlobonhlobo eziningi opossum, bona makudle izindawo ezihlukahlukene. Ezinye izinhlobo zidinga ukusondela emanzini, zihola indlela yokuphila yasemanzini, zihlela umhodi emigodini yezihlahla. Noma kunjalo, amalungu amaningi omkhaya Possum bukhoma ku izihlahla noma phansi.
Kuvele mazwi athakazelisayo wukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zawo axazulule eduze zokuhlala abantu, nakuba ingxenye enkulu opossums uvikela umuntu, ngokudlula kwakhe.
Habitat
Amakhefu ahlala kulo lonke elase-United States. Zitholakala eningizimu Canada, eNyakatho Melika (Argentina) naseNingizimu (Chile), eMexico. I biology linesizotha, Ukudla nezimo futhi isu zokuzala wabenza bamakoloni yimpumelelo washiya abaphilise esimatasa. Akufanele kudidaniswe nezinye izikhala zasendulo, ezinjengoshukela (noma ushukela marsupial flying squirrel), ohlala e-Australia. Ekuqaleni ungowokuzalwa empumalanga United States, i-Possum uvele entshonalanga phakathi neNkathi Yokuwohloka Okukhulu, cishe njengoba nanjengomthombo wokudla. uhla yayo Kancani kancani ekwandiseni enyakatho. Lesi silwane sihlala ezindaweni zamadlelo, umhlaba wezolimo kanye namahlathi aseNyakatho Melika. Kuthiwa nguye futhi owenza ukubonwa ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni, ngokuvamile eseduze amanzi, lapho udla udoti.
Kuyathakazelisa! I Possum yaqale ezichazwe ekuqaleni 1565 encwadini eshicilelwe ku uDkt Edward Tyson kusukela uMnu William Cooper, udokotela ilungu iRoyal Society e-London.
I-Cross-eyed phenum Characteristic Ngaphezu kwezingu-17 izinhlobo zofuzo nezinhlobo ezingama-60 zalesi silwane ziyaziwa. Phakathi kwabo: Fluffy, akhalayo, ngomusa, opossum obukhulu-tailed abanye. Opossums Umnandi naphakathi ezincelisayo obujwayelekile ukufinyelela usayizi ikati elikhulu.
Ngabe kudlani i-phenum?
Photo: Funny Possum
Singasho ukuthi Possum kuyinto omnivorous. Idla ekudleni kwezitshalo nezilwane. Ngokuvamile, ukunambitheka Ithanda kakhulu kuxhomeke ohlotsheni kanye nendawo yokuhlala yakhe. It is waphawula ukuthi opossum udle okuningi, kubonakala sengathi abakwazi ukuthola ngokwanele, kodwa akunjalo. Izilwane zihlakaniphe kakhulu futhi zidla ngokubhuka, zizithela ngamafutha uma kwenzeka kulamba, kufike izikhathi ezinzima. Phakathi kwalezi zilwane zasendle, ubuzimu kusehlakalo njalo.
Ngokuvamile imenyu Possum liqukethe:
- Zonke izinhlobo zamajikijolo
- izithelo
- amakhowe
- Izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene,
- izibankwa ezincane
- sidla amagundane amancane
- Izinhlanzi, ama-crustaceans, ama-shrimp (eduzane namanzi a-phenum),
- Little izinyoni
- amaqanda Bird
- Amaglasi
- amahlamvu
- Izikhwebu
- Izinhlobonhlobo zokusanhlamvu.
Uma usubakhiphile onjalo isilwane engavamile like Possum, ungakwazi siwondle imifino ehlukahlukene, izithelo, inkukhu kanye namaqanda. Opossum singanikelwa cat njalo ukudla, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi hhayi kaningi kakhulu. Futhi isifiso sakhe ngaso sonke isikhathi sihle kakhulu.
Possum njengoba isilwane
Kuvele Possum ingagcinwa ekhaya njengoba isilwane. Kepha abathandi bemvelo kufanele badumazeke. Lezi yizilwane ebusuku futhi kuyoba nzima kakhulu accustom ukuba umbuso sosuku lomuntu siqu. Kufanele ukusuthiswa ukudla: izithelo, inkukhu, izinambuzane, izimpethu. Kunqatshelwe ngokuphelele ukunikeza inyama enamafutha, lokhu kungabenza bagule. Uma uqala ambalwa opossum ke udinga uwagcine ezitokisini ezihlukene, kungenjalo izimpi nezingxabano azinakugwenywa. Akunakusetshenziswa kufanele ajezise opossum, njengoba bengase bakulume sina.
I-Cons lapho ugcina amakhasi ekhaya:
- Ngeke kusaba khona Possum ushukela ukuzivumelanisa ukuphila kwansuku zonke zebutho. Uzoziphatha njengoba kade enza. Ebusuku, lo marsupial squirrel flying ngeke ukulala, kodwa ngeke sifinyelele emhlabeni yezinyoni, zenze umsindo ehlukahlukene, khenqeza izinduku. Ngakho-ke, i-cell yakhe, kungcono ukuthatha ekamelweni elihlukile okuzokwenziwa elise kude lokulala.
- Amakhefu angahlanzekile kakhulu futhi angazi ukuthi angayisebenzisa kanjani indlu yangasese. Njengoba endalweni bathi siziphonse phansi sisuka isihlahla cishe ngaphandle awela emhlabathini, bona ukuchamela on the fly. Ngakho ekhaya, bayoba ilebula indle yawo nge ifenisha, lodonga ngisho nomnikazi.
- Amakhefu asetshenziselwa ukumaka insiza yawo ngezinsini ezikhethekile. Lena nephunga ethize kakhulu. Akukhonakali ukugeza ke kusukela izingubo, ngakho-ke kufanele ukujwayele.
- Akunakusetshenziswa kufanele simethembe opossum ezinganeni. Lokhu kuyoba okunenzuzo kokubili ngabantwana nangabantu isilwane. Uma usinciphisa esandleni sakho, khona-ke singakuluma kanzima. Ushukela Possum uthanda ukugijima umninikhaya sifana nomuthi, siphuma izimpiko zayo amanxeba ajulile ukuthi musa ukuphulukisa kahle.
Kodwa, naphezu kwazo zonke yokuntula okuqukethwe izingwejeje marsupial ekhaya, zikhona izinzuzo nokunye okuningi.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Ngokwemvelo yazo, ama-opossums awashadile futhi athola umbhangqwana kuphela ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, ancamela ukuziphilela yedwa, ahlukile. Lezi zilwane ahole indlela yokuphila twilight, ekubeni esebenzayo lapho uthola emnyama. Ngesikhathi sasemini, izilwane alale ezidlekeni zawo noma umqhele izihlahla, elenga igatsha ngosizo namandla umsila efana tentacles yabo. Ukulala ngokuzwakalayo futhi okumnandi kuyinto eyintandokazi yama-Optum, abangayenza ngokuqhubekayo amahora angama-19 ngosuku.
Ngokuvamile, izilwane banamahloni kakhulu futhi baqaphe e uhlamvu, bagwema uhlangana nomuntu, futhi ebamba Possum akuwona neze umsebenzi olula. Ukuze konke okunye, zingabantu tikhoni Okuyınqo, abenza cishe akukho imisindo. Isilwane sikhalela kakhulu, kuphela lapho sizwa ubuhlungu obukhulu. Kwezinye izimo, opossum abanalo isizathu ingxoxo ukufuthelana nezingxoxo elikhulu. intukuthelo Izilwane 'kuyinto ngempela ezolile, futhi ngokuvamile kwezenzo ezihlukumezayo awuzange waphawula ngemva kwabo.
I-Opossums yizinkuni ezinekhono kakhulu, ezilungele usuku lonke ukulengiswa emagatsheni ezihlahla, zivame ukulala zibheke phezulu, zinamathele egatsheni ngomsila wazo. Futhi, ngosizo umsila efanayo nasemilenzeni olukhuni clawed, bona deftly ukuhambisa kule umqhele oluhlaza. Yiqiniso, zikhona zilwane ezihlala kuphela emhlabeni, kodwa kukhona opossum okuningi ukuthi ahole indlela yokuphila esihlahleni. Ngokwemvelo, amandla okubhukuda kuyithalente le-inclum yamanzi, ayisebenzisa kahle, ethola ukudla kwakhe emanzini.
Esinye sezici ezivelele zokuphila opossum kuyinto ayimizulane (nokuzula) indlela yabo yokuphila. Babehlale ukuhambisa kusuka endaweni endaweni, hhayi kokuba eyakhe insimu yabo ehlukile, efana nezinye izilwane eziningi. Izilwane ezihlala ezifundeni ezisenyakatho ziyacasha lapho kubanda kakhulu. Phakathi ke, ngezinsuku olufudumele futhi libalele kakhulu, le Possum evuka ukuze uvuselele ngokwayo, ukuhlala kwethu siphapheme isikhathi esifushane.
Phakathi kwalabo ngiye ngazuza onjalo isilwane exotic njengenhlangano Possum, kukhona umbono wokuthi lezi zilwane akudingeki onokuhlakanipha okukhulu, kodwa ukudlala kakhulu futhi ihlanganise, ongeke athole unesizungu nabo!
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
Amakhefu yizilwane ezinamahloni kakhulu. Kunoma ingozi, abaleke noma sengathi ufile, ngakho akulula catch. Kodwa ososayensi bathola indlela yokuphuma: Kwatholakala ukuthi lezi zilwane bayakulangazelela lokhu utshwala. Ukuze ubambe i-phenum, udinga nje ukubeka amasoso isiphuzo esinezidakwa emizileni yezilwane. Bayophuza ngayo injabulo enkulu futhi, ngalahlekelwa ikghono, bona ingalandwa ngokuphepha.
Kuzo zonke imizwa, ngokososayensi, lezi zilwane abe umqondo kakhulu athuthukile iphunga. Elinye iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi bacishe bangenzi imisindo, ngaphandle uma besezinhlungwini.
Kuyathakazelisa! Cishe zonke izinhlobo opossum yizilwane ehlangeni bese akudingeki endaweni yawo zigxilé lapho ukuzingela, njengoba kunjalo nangezinye izilwane.
Lezi zilwane zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezilwane ezifuyiwe, nakuba ezweni lethu kuba ezingavamile, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje kunalokho ezingezwakali kokuqukethwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uboya be-phenum busetshenziswa njengendwangu yokwenziwa kwezingubo nezesekeli zemfashini. Yiqiniso, akahlukile e ukuqina, futhi ngenxa yalokho, akukhona ethandwa.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Possum Cubs
Izinketho ezinesizungu kuphela zesikhathi esifushane sokukhwelana. Ngo nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene, kwenzeka ngesikhathi ngezikhathi ezihlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, North American Possum ozuza inzalo mayelana kathathu ngonyaka, kanye nalabo izinhlobo uthanda insimu ka ezishisayo ukuzalela unyaka wonke.Izilwane ezingahlali ezihlahleni zenza into efana nezidleke zezinyoni, kanti nezilwane zasemhlabeni zizalela inzalo emiseleni yomuntu esetshiyelwe emgodini, emigodini evikelekile naphakathi kwezimpande ezinkulu zezihlahla.
Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi ama-Optum agcwele kakhulu. Imfucumfucu ingaba nezinsana ezifika ku-25, kepha lokhu kuyaqabukela. Imvamisa kuzalwa amawundlu angama-8 kuye kwangama-15. Yize kwenzeka ukuthi inani elikhulu lamawundlu azalwa khona lapho, kuphela amahlakaniphi futhi anamandla kakhulu asinda, ngoba umama unezingono eziyi-12 noma ezili-13 kuphela. Isikhathi sokukhulelwa sowesifazane asiside kakhulu futhi siyizinsuku ezingama-25, ezinhlotsheni ezincane ngokuvamile cishe zingu-15. Izingane zibonakala zincanyana kakhulu futhi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, zifana nemibungu, isisindo sazo singama-2 - 5 amagremu kuphela.
Ngethuba le-marsupial, izinsana zivuthwa esikhwameni lapho kukhona khona izingono ukuthola izingane ngobisi. Ezilwaneni ezibunjiwe, izinsana zilenga ngqo emabeleni kanina, zinamathela ezingonweni zazo. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, izingane ziba njengezilwane ezindala, zimbozwe izinwele, zithole ukuqonda futhi zikhulu. Kuyajabulisa ukuthi umama isikhathi eside uphatha izingane zakhe ngobisi lwebele, le nkathi ihlala izinyanga ezintathu.
Impilo inzima kumama-phenum, kungashiwo, ngokweqiniso nangokomfanekiso, ngoba izingane ezikhulile zinomndeni wazo wonke omkhulu ziyigibela, inamathela kuboya emhlane wabo. Uma unikezwe ukuthi umama mkhulu, kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi umthwalo wakhe usinda kangakanani nsuku zonke. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu zokuncelisa, izingane ziqala ukudla, njengoba kwenza abantu abadala. Futhi bobabili abantu besifazane nabesilisa bavuthwa ngokocansi ezinyangeni ezingama-6-8 ubudala. Amakhefu ahlala endaweni yemvelo iminyaka engaba mihlanu, ekuthunjweni, amasampula ngamanye asinda ayisithupha.
Izimo zokuboshwa
Ekhaya, ushukela okulula kudinga indawo ephezulu. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izilwane zisebenza kakhulu, futhi into yazo izihlahla.
- Kungcono ukuzigcina emakheji abanzi - amakheji ngebanga phakathi kwezinduku cishe i-1,3 cm. Izinduku kumele zibe nokuhlanganiswa kwe-polyvinyl chloride. Izilwane zihlakaniphe kakhulu, ngakho-ke udinga ukunakekela ukhiye onokwethenjelwa.
- Ikheji kufanele libe nomuntu ophuzayo nabadliwayo abaningana. Ngaphambi kokuthi ulengise ophuzayo, kufanele uqiniseke ukuthi isilwane sakho siyijwayela. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isilwane singafa nje ukoma. Ama-feeders kufanele abe yinsimbi noma e-ceramic, amancane ngosayizi.
- Amadivayisi wokukhuphuka kufanele akhelwe ngaphakathi kwekheji. Kungaba amagatsha, amapayipi enduku, izitebhisi, izintambo.
- Okubalulekile nge-posum esitokisini futhi indlu yokulengiswa. Kungaba ngokhuni noma ngendwangu. Indlela eya endlini kufanele ibe ngamasentimitha ukusuka kumasentimitha ayisikhombisa kuya kwayisishiyagalolunye. Uma une-pair yezilwane, khona-ke kungekudala kungaba khona inzalo. Kulokhu, indlu kuzodingeka yehliswe ukuze izingane zingawa.
- Njengoba indawo yophawu lwamasondo, iseli nokuqukethwe kwalo ukugeza kaningi. Kulokhu, kufanele unakekele kakhulu ama-detergents. Hlanza yonke into kahle.
- Awungeke uvumele izilwane zikhululeke-uhla endlini lapho kuhlala khona ezinye izilwane noma izinyoni zezinyamazane.
- Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amaphosta awathandi okusalungiswa, amazinga okushisa angaphansi kwamadigri angamashumi amabili nokukhanya okukhanyayo.
Izitha zemvelo zama-Optum
Photo: Animal Possum
Amakhefu anezitha eziningi endle, ngoba uyisilwane esincane futhi esesabekayo, izinyamazane ezikhudlwana ezinkudlwana azikuthandi ukuzidla. Phakathi kwezitha ze-phenum zingabizwa ngokuthi ama-lynxes, izimpungushe, izikhova nezinye izinyoni ezinkulu zezinyamazane, ama-coyotes. Kwezilwane ezincane, zonke izinhlobo zezinyoka nazo ziyingozi. Ngaphezu kwezilwane ezidla ezinye, izilwane eziningi zithwala isifo esinjengamarabi, esiphatha ngaso imvamisa i-Virtual opossum.
Kuyasiza ukukhuluma ngokwahlukana ngendlela eyingqayizivele yokuvikelwa ekuhlaselweni okulimazayo okusetshenziswa yi-opossums, ukuhlela ukusebenza kwaseshashalazini konke. Lapho usongo selusondele, i-phenum yenza sengathi ifile ngobuchule kangangokuba umhlaseli akakwazi ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi kumane kwenziwa sengathi. I-phenum iwa, amehlo akhe abe yingilazi, amagwebu abonakale emlonyeni wakhe, futhi izindlala ezikhethekile zezinongo zikhipha iphunga elithandekayo. Lesi sithombe sisabisa abantu abahlaselayo abathi, lapho behlwithekile emthweni, badanile, bashiye. Lapho isitha sesingasekho, lesi silwane siyaphila futhi siqale ukubaleka, yize imizuzu embalwa wayesafa. Ubuqili obukhohlisayo obunjalo bezinsimbi ezivame ukusebenza kubo, busindisa izilwane eziningi ekufeni.
Ukuzivikela
Endabeni yokushushiswa, ama -apox awavikelekile neze. I-Opossums inobuqili obathandayo bokuthi ufile, ovame ukusindisa izimpilo zabo. Umthetho omkhulu ukwenza ngokunembile ukuthi ufile.
Ebona usongo, lesi silwane siwela phansi, amehlo akhe abe yingilazi, umlomo wakhe uvuleka kancane bese amagwebu eqala ukuphuma emlonyeni wakhe. Njengomsebenzi wokugcina, bakhipha imfihlo enephunga elingemnandi kusuka kuzindlala ze-anal.
Umhlaseli, ezungeza le "carrion" imibuthano embalwa, uyabaleka. Lapho nje isitha sihamba, i-phenum igxuma ibalekele ingene ehlathini.
I-Skunk: ukuhlaselwa ngamakhemikhali
Wonke umuntu ujwayelene nama-skunks kanye nendlela yabo yasekuqaleni yokuvikela, izikhali zabo zamakhemikhali zinamandla ngendlela exakile. Uketshezi lokuvikela i-Skunk lukhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izimbotshana ezitholakala ku-anus. Yize izinyamazane eziningi ezidla inyama zinazo nezindlala ezinje, ikakhulukazi abamele umndeni we-marten, izindlala ze-skunk zithuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe, futhi zinemisipha enamandla enamandla ongafafaza uketshezi olunuka ngamamitha ayi-3.
AbakwaSkunks babuye bathande ukufafaza kuye ngqo ebusweni besitha, futhi lolu ketshezi lunobuthi kangangokuba lunganciphisa umuntu ompofu ukuthi angaluboni, kufaka phakathi umuntu, ngakho-ke kungcono ukungathinti ama-skunks esonweni. Ngenxa yamakhono abo ayingqayizivele, ama-skunks enze izitha ezimbalwa kakhulu, okuyingozi kakhulu kubo i-Virginian owl, ephungulwa iphunga futhi ingahlasela i-skunk ngokungalindele kusuka phezulu. I-skunk ehluphekayo ayinasikhathi sokuzibamba, njengoba isifile.
Indlela yokuvikelwa ngosizo loketshezi olunephunga liyisilinganiso esedlulele, ngoba i-skunk inomkhawulo owodwa waleli ketshezi, futhi kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-10 ukuthi izindlala zilulame.
Ubudlelwano nabantu
I-phenum yisilwane esisengozini, noma ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwamahlathi kanye nokulahleka kwendawo yokuhlala, amathuba atholakala kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba.
I-phenum kudala yaziwa e-United States, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ezinokupheka okuningi okuningilizayo kanye nezindabuko ezihlobene ne-phenum.
EDominica naseTrinidad, lesi silwane siyathandwa namuhla, singazingelwa ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Ungasithenga ngisho nesilo esinjalo. Inyama yayo ngokwesiko ithosiwe noma i-stewed. Kukhanya, kucwebile. Kusetshenziswa ezitsheni esikhundleni somvundla noma inkukhu.
Ngokomlando, abazingeli eCaribbean babeka umgqomo wamanzi amasha noma izithelo ezibolile ukuheha isilo esidla izithelo.
Ngokungafani nokuzingela i-ferrets noma Izimpungushe ze-ArcticLezi zilwane azibanjwa ngenxa yoboya. EMexico, imisila yawo isetshenziswa njengekhambi labantu ukuthuthukisa ukuzala. Amafutha aphezulu we-asidi asetshenziswa njengendlela yokwelapha isifo samathambo. Izingane zethu ziyasazi lesi silwane esihlekisayo kusuka kumakhathuni. UCrash no-Eddie - amathuba okuvela ku-Ice Age - baba izintandokazi zabo.
Abafowethu baka-Hooligan esihlathini bathola wonke umuntu, kepha ngasikhathi sinyekele lo dade ogama lakhe, bayachichima futhi banomusa.
Ama-possums agcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane, lapho angahlala khona kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-7. Izingane ikakhulukazi zithanda ukubabuka futhi bondle.
Kungakanani futhi kungcono kangakanani ukuthatha ingane
Ochwepheshe bancomela ngabunye ukuya endlini i-phenum encane ngonyaka owodwa nengxenye kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili. Njengoba indlela yokugcina ngemuva kwezilwane ezinjalo ingahluka, kungaba ngcono uma ingane ingakayakhi eyayo imibono ngokuthi impilo yayo izohamba kanjani. Kuliqiniso, asisakhulumi ngephepha elimhlophe ongabhala kulo noma yini oyithandayo, kodwa noma kunjalo kuzoba lula kakhulu ukuthi isilwane esincane sivumelane nezimo ezihlongozwe kuye kunomdala.
Uma sikhuluma malini ne-phenum ebizayo, konke kuncike kumfuyi. Ngokwesilinganiso, intengo yesilwane esencane 40-50 amadola aseMelika, esitolo esivelele ingaphakama kakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi i-90 futhi ibe ngu-120 okungenani. e. Ngokuqondile kusuka kumlimi, uma unenhlanhla, ungathenga isilo futhi ushibhile, futhi ukubopha isilwane esivele sisetshenziselwa izandla zabantu kuzoba lula kakhulu.
Ngena ngemvume kusayithi
I-animated ikhathuni "I-Ice Age" ilethe inkazimulo emndenini wama-uwezekano - kwabaningi, abalingiswa uCrash no-Eddie baba yizithombe zangempela. Lezi zilwane zavela ekugcineni kweCretaceous, lapho ama-dinosaurs ebusa uMhlaba. Bakwazi ukujwayela kalula zonke izinguquko zesimo sezulu futhi cishe azishintshi. Namuhla bahlala eNingizimu Melika kanye neningi leNyakatho Melika, baze bafika eCanada.
Amathuba aholela empilweni eyedwa ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalela. Iyasebenza ebusuku. Lezi zilwane zingabenzi bezimpawu ezinhle - uma kwenzeka zesatshiswa noma zilimala, isilo lesi siyawa bese senza sengathi sifile. Unogwebu olusuka emlonyeni wakhe, amehlo akhe abe yingilazi, kanye nemfihlo ekhethekile evela kwizindlala zezitho zomzimba, ezinephunga elibi. Ukulingisa okunjalo kokufa kusindisa impilo ye-inclum, umzingeli wakhe ushiya indawo lapho isilwane sikhona. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, i-phenum ibuye futhi "iyaphila" futhi iphilile.
Possum. (UJeff Lewis)
I-Opossums (lat. Didelphidae), noma izinketho zaseMelika - abamele umndeni wezilwane ezinamalungu wasemzini ongathembekile. Abamele lokhu kuphulwa komthetho kuncane kakhulu okukhethekile futhi kwakudala kakhulu, okuvela esikhathini seCretaceous futhi isikhathi eside akuzange kube nezinguquko ezinkulu.
Umndeni we-phenum uhlala eMhlabeni omusha namuhla, kepha amafomu ezinsalela zezinto eziphilayo atholakala ezindaweni eziphakemeyo zaseYurophu. Izakhamizi eziningi zasemakhaya ezazihlala eSouth America zaqothuka ngemuva nje kokuvela kwebhuloho lemvelo elixhumanisa iNyakatho neNingizimu Melika, ebelisakaza ukusakazeka kwezinhlobo ezintsha ukusuka enyakatho kuye eningizimu. Amathuba kuphela okwazile ukusinda kulo mncintiswano futhi andise izindawo ahlala kuzo enyakatho.
Amakhemikhali anokwakheka kwezihlobo ayizihlobo eziseduzane kakhulu zezinketho zaseMelika. Ama-Opossums anosayizi omncane: ama-7-50 cm ubude bomzimba wawo futhi u-4-55 cm ubude bomsila. Izibuko ze-phenum yesimo esikhanyisiwe sendawo ende. Phansi komsila, ama-thickenings akhiwa ngama-deposits angamafutha kwesinye isikhathi atholakala.
Umndeni wama-American Opossums (Didelphidae)
Lo mndeni uhlanganisa abashadikazi besikhathi sokuqala kakhulu. Bonke abameleli bayo abaphilayo bahlala eMelika. Amafomu okugcotshwa komhlaba ayaziwa ngokufakwa endaweni ephakeme yaseYurophu. Izinketho zaseMelika zinefomula yamazinyo yakudala: uchungechunge oluphelele lwezinto ezifakwayo (ezinhlanu ohlangothini ngalunye lomhlathi ongenhla), amafangile akhuliswe kahle (amakhulu kunezihlisi), kanye nama-molercular molars abukhali. Sekukonke, abamele lo mndeni banamazinyo angama-50. Ukwakheka kwesisekelo sezitho kunesici: kukhona emifino emihlanu, yonke iminwe yathuthukiswa kahle ngokulinganayo. Imvamisa imilenze yangemuva ithuthukiswa kakhulu kunangaphambili. Umsila usezimeni eziningi ubude, ubamba, unamaphethelo ekugcineni. Isikhwama sivame ukwakhiwa ngaphansi, futhi uma sithuthukisiwe, sivula emuva, okubuye kube yisici sobuciko besakhiwo. Wonke amalungu omndeni angabadli noma ongavikeleki. Ngokuvamile, badlala indima efanayo eCentral naseNingizimu Melika njengabamele i-oda lama-safetivores kwamanye amazwekazi, okumbalwa kakhulu eMelika eshisayo.
Possum. (UCarol Vinzant)
I-taxonomy yomndeni idinga ukucaciswa nokucolisiswa. Njengamanje, lo mndeni uhlanganisa u-12 genera. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60 ezalolu hlobo lwezinhlobo ezishisayo ezihlala eMelika Ephakathi neseNingizimu. Omunye wabamele uhlobo lwe-Didelphis - North American phenum itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeNyakatho Melika I-North American phenum (I-Didelphis marsupialis) isabalele ukusuka eningizimu yeCanada eningizimu kuya enyakatho yePeru, iBolivia eseMpumalanga naseParaguay. Ihlala engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-USA, kanye nengxenye eseningizimu yogu lwePacific lwaleli lizwe, lapho yathunyelwa khona ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. I-Opossum ubukhulu bekati elifuywayo, elinemilenze emifushane, isizalo esibukhali, esinemibala ekhanyayo nezindlebe ezingenalutho ngamathiphu apinki.
Possum. (Graham Higgs)
Umsila ucishe unqunu, ubude, uhlobo lokubamba. Umbala ojwayelekile uvame ukuba mpunga, ngezikhathi ezithile izilwane ezimnyama ziyavela. Abesifazane benze isikhwama sokuvula emuva. Ubude bomzimba 36-53 cm, umsila 25-25 cm, isisindo 1, 6-5, 7 kg.
I-Opossums ihlala ezindaweni ezihluke kakhulu - zombili ezinamanga futhi ziphakeme, ikakhulukazi eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Iyasebenza ebusuku. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo, zibonakala zihamba kancane futhi ziyisiwula. Imvamisa zenza sengathi zifile, okungenzeka ukuthi zinencazelo evikelayo. Amathuba aqhakaza kahle ngosizo lwezinto eziqhelelene kakhulu nezisusa umsipha wokubamba.
Ekwindla, amathuba aqubuka kakhulu futhi ebusika ahlala engasebenzi emihumeni yawo izinsuku eziningana. Emashumini eminyaka edlule, uhla lwe-phenum lukhule ngandlela thile enyakatho, kepha umkhuhlane ubeka umkhawulo kule nqubekela phambili.
Abesifazane baqala ukuzala benonyaka owodwa. Izimbobo, izimbobo zenhlabathi ngaphansi kwezakhiwo, udoti, njll. Zisebenza njengesiphephelo emlonyeni nasemsileni obekiwe, insikazi iletha izinsalela ezomile ukwakha isidleke. Amakhefu ane-brood eyodwa enyakatho, kanye nama-broods amabili ngonyaka kulo lonke uhla. Ukuqunjelwa kuqukethe amazinyane angama-8-18 ekuqaleni. Ngemuva kokushiya isikhwama, imvamisa azidluli ama-cubs ayi-7. Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinesisindo esingu-2 g ndawonye, kanti ezingama-20 zalezi ezisanda kuzalwa zilingana ngokukhululeka kuzipuni.
Possum. (Cody Pope)
Ngosizo lwezipele ezakhiwe kahle emilenzeni yangaphambili, zigibela esikhwameni sikamama. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, izinwele zabo ziyavela futhi amehlo abo avulekile. Kunamathiselwe ezingalweni, zinamathela kuzo izinsuku ezingama-65-70, bese ziqala ukuhamba ngokuzimela futhi zidle ukudla okuqinile. Amawundlu akhuphuka emhlane nasezinhlangothini zikamama, ebambelela kwibhantshi lakhe, imvamisa ebambe umsila wakhe umsila, ophakanyiswe ngenhla nangemuva phambili. Isifutho esisodwa sihlukaniswa kwesinye isikhathi cishe izinyanga ezintathu, ezinhlanu. Isikhathi sokuphila ngokwemvelo ngamathuba amaningi angaphansi kweminyaka emi-2. Ekudingisweni, angaphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-7.
Amakhefu acishe abe omnivorous. Badla i-carrion, ama-invertebrates, amagundane, izinyamazane, ama-amphibians, amakhowe, izitshalo eziningi ezitshaliwe, ikakhulukazi ummbila kanye nezinhlamvu.
I-sandpaper eqinile kanye nohlanga oluqinile lwe-opossum lusetshenziselwa ukwenza izingubo zangaphandle nokuqedwa. Inyama iyadliwa. I-Opossums ilimaza ezinye izingadi, amasimu nezindlu, kepha lokhu kulimala kuvame ukwandiswa.
ENingizimu Melika, ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba nepompo yase-Argentina, kanye nase-Andes, kutholakala isihlobo esisondelene saseNyakatho Melika (i-Didelphis azarae).
Ngaphezu kohlobo lwe-Didelphis olucubungulwayo, oluvame ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba naseningizimu yendawo ethokomele, iningi labanye abantu base Marsupials baseMelika bangabahlali bezindawo ezishisayo zangempela.
Possum. (Lucas Di Pentima)
Ngokusho kwezici eziningi ze-anatomical, lezi ezinye ezimbili ziseduze nohlobo lwe-Didelphis - uhlobo lwe-philander, noma amathuba amane anombala (i-Philander), nohlobo lwamamfutho wamanzi, noma amafleti (ama-Chironectes). Yomibili le mindeni inenhlobo eyodwa. Bahlanganisa izilwane ezihleleke kakhulu ngesikhwama esakhiwe kahle.
I-phenum enamehlo amane, noma philander (Philander opossum), kuhlala eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika, lapho kwenzeka kakhulu ezindaweni eziphakeme ezisentshonalanga nezwekazi elikhulu, eningizimu kuya eParaguay naseNyakatho-mpumalanga yeArgentina, naseGuiana naseMpumalanga Brazil. Lesi isilwane esimpunga esihamba emnyama, sincane kune-North American phenum. Phezu kwehlo ngalinye unebala elimhlophe, yingakho igama lesilwane.
Amanzi i -amu, noma ukubhukuda (IChironectes minimus), ihlala eMelika Ephakathi ngasenyakatho eNhlonhlo Yucatan naseNingizimu Melika iye eParaguay naseNingizimu yeBrazil. Ubude bomzimba 27-27 cm, umsila 38- 39 cm. Ijazi ligqotshwe emnyama nompunga, limfishane, limfishane futhi likhulu. Ezinyaweni zolwelwesi. Ukubhukuda yisilwane esifihliweyo, kodwa esingandile kakhulu esihlala eduze kwemifula nemifudlana. Idla ezinhlanzini ezincane nakwezinye izilwane zasemanzini.
Possum. (Mista Sparkle)
Uhlobo olusele lwe-9 lwe-marsupials yaseMelika luhlanganisa izilwane ezincane nezinhlelekile ezisezingeni eliphansi nesikhwama sobudoda.
Uhlobo olunwebekayo amathuba egundane (Marmosa) amanani, ngokusho kosomatekisi banamuhla, cishe izinhlobo ezingama-40 ezinobubanzi obulinganiselwe. Okungenani ingxenye yesithathu yezinhlobo ezikhona yizilwane zasezintabeni, ezisatshalaliswa ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu (2500 m nangaphezulu). Ubude bomzimba obukhulu bezikhala ezinjengegundane bungama-17 cm, kanti umsila ungama-28 cm.
Possum. (Ryan Scott)
Umusa amathuba okufudumele (ICaluromys) inezinhlobo ezi-3 ezisatshalaliswe ezindaweni eziphakathi nasezindaweni ezishisayo zaseNingizimu Melika. Lezi yizilwane ezinezinwele ezinde nezinfofontofo nomsila omude ikakhulukazi, onqunu ekugcineni. Ubude bomzimba ngu-19-27 cm, umsila ungamasentimitha angama-40-49. Izinketho ezinobuqili zihola indlela yokuphila ebusuku. Lezi yizilwane "ezinkuni" kakhulu kunamanye amalungu omndeni.
Umusa Izinketho ezinomsila omfishane, noma ama-marsupial shrews (Monodelphis), kufaka phakathi izinhlobo eziyi-11. Lezi yizilwane ezincanyana (ezingaba ngu-10 cm), ezinomsila omfishane kanye nesigaxa esidala, esifana nezibambo zethu.
Ububanzi bohlobo buhamba kancane ngaphesheya kweBrazil nakwamanye amazwe angomakhelwane (iGuiana, iVenezuela, iPeru).
Umusa i-boobolitsyh, noma i-bald-tailed, Optum (I-Metachirus) imelwe yinhlobo eyodwa - M. nudicaudatus. Lezi yizilwane ezinkulu (ubude bomzimba 25-25 cm, umsila 33 cm), zibhebhetheka eMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu Melika.
Izinhlobo ezisele ezinhlanu zomndeni (iCaluromysiops, Glironia, Dromiciops, iLestodelphis, iLutreolina) ngayinye imelelwa yinhlobo eyodwa noma ezimbili futhi inezinhlaka ezincane ngasogwini olusentshonalanga nolwaseningizimu yetropiki yaseNingizimu Melika.
Possum. (URonnie Pitman)
Possum. (Bailey Arboretum)
Possum. (Maka uLucas)
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Ukukhuliswa kwePossum, ukuhamba, amathoyizi
- Ukuvumela i-phenum yakho ukuthi iphile impilo egcwele, ikhulule uhambe. Kwenze nsuku zonke. Vele, ukuhamba okunjalo kwenziwa kangcono uma isilwane sisebenza, okungukuthi ebusuku. Ngemuva kwakho konke, phakathi nosuku isilwane siyovele senqabe ukuhamba.
- Lapho uhamba nesilwane sakho kusihlwa, jabulisa wakhe. Ekamelweni lapho isilwane sizotholakala khona, beka i-labyrinth ngokuthe nkqo noma “inkambo yesithiyo”. Futhi, umuthi wokuhlobisa ongenamahlamvu ngeke ulimaze.
Hamba njalo
- Woza uzoba yini uhlangabezana nezidingo zemvelo ze-phenum. Kepha isilwane siyakuthanda ukukhuphuka, ukugibela, gxuma, sisebenzisa izindlawu zazo eziyishumi nomsila we-elastic.
- U-Opossum uthanda ukudlala ngezinto angajwayelekile kuye. Umdlalo wakhe ngeke uwenze ngaphandle kokujikijela, uku-skating. Futhi uzobe esebenza okuthile ukujula, ukubhoboza. Emidlalweni enjalo, thenga isilwane noma yiphi ithoyizi efanelekile, isibonelo, ithoyizi yerabha, ibhola elinomugqa, noma insimbi ngaphakathi engabotshelwa ngentambo. Konke ongakuthola esitolo se-zoological sokudlala amakati kuzofanelana ne-phenum yakho.
- Khombisa ukubekezela, uthando, uthando esilwaneni sakho. Khumbula, i-phenum ayisoze yaba yincwadi. Ungashiyi isilwane sakho efulethini wedwa. Kungakhubaza, kepha, futhi akudingeki ukucasule isilwane ngokunaka kwaso. Vikela kangcono indawo lapho isilwane sizohamba khona. Uma ungakwenzi, vala iminyango egumbini, uhlale lapho isikhashana. Ngikholwe, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile, i-phenum izofuna ukuza kuwe, ujwayele, noma udlale.
- Abanye abantu bayayithanda uma ahlahle izinwele. Ngakho-ke, engxenyeni elandelayo yothando, zanele zodwa. Fundisa isilwane sakho ukuthi sifike kukholi, ngokwesibonelo, sisebenzise ezinye izinto ezinhle ngalezi zinhloso. Ungathatha futhi i-phenum lapho uhamba. Kuzohlala ekhanda lakho.
Ungakhohlwa ukuthi ama-mukana angeke ajeziswe ngokomzimba, akhombise ezinye izinhlobo zemfundo. Isilwane siba nolaka, ukuthukuthela, futhi ukuhlangana namazinyo abukhali wesilwane ngeke kukulethele injabulo enkulu.
- Sikucebisa ukuthi unake ngokukhethekile umzuzu olandelayo. - Uma i-phenum yakho inesithukuthezi, izophatha ngokunganaki, lokhu kubi. Mhlawumbe isilwane sikhathazekile ngokuthile, iya esibhedlela wezilwane.
Isikhathi sokuphila nempilo
Isikhathi sokuphila kwe-inclum ekudingisweni ngokuqondile sincike kwikhwalithi yokudla kwayo, ukutholakala kwamanzi amasha kanye nezinye izimo zokugcinwa (ukuba khona kokubhaliwe, ubumsulwa beseli nokuvikelwa kwalo elangeni, njll.). Ngakho-ke, "ukugijima" kungasukela iminyaka emihlanu kuya kweyishumi.
Ngokuvamile, amakhefu awathobeki futhi, ngokuya ngemithetho yokuqala, akuvamile ukuthi agule. Iqiniso lokuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle ngesilwane lingaqondakala ngaso sonke isikhathi kusuka ezenzweni zokuziphatha kwalo. Kodwa-ke, zilungiselele iqiniso lokuthi emitholampilo eminingi yezilwane abanalo nhlobo lokuthi baziphatha kanjani i-opossums nokuthi kungani, okufanayo kuya ngamaprotheni, ama-chinchillas kanye namanye ama-exotic. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuzama ukuqiniseka ukuthi akukho lutho olwenzekayo ngesistimu yokugaya ukudla noma ezinye izitho zangaphakathi zesilwane sakho, ukuvikela ukwelashwa okungcono kakhulu!
Amanothi
- Sokolov V.E.
Isichazamazwi sezilimi ezimbili samagama ezilwane. Omama IsiLatin, isiRussia, isiNgisi, isiJalimane, nesiFulentshi. / ihlelwe yi-Acad. V. E. Sokolova. - M.R. lang., 1984. - S. 10. - 10,000 amakhophi. - I-Opossum, Didelphis virginiana. IWebhu YeWebhu Yezilwane Zasendle laseGeorgia. (2000)
- Wilson, D., Ruff S. 1999. Incwadi yakwaSmithsonia yaseMelika yaseNyakatho Melika. IWashington neLondon: ISmith Press yaseSmith.
- ↑ 12
Hamilton, W. J., Jr. 1958. Umlando wokuphila kanye nobudlelwano bezomnotho be-opossum (Didelphis marsupialis virginiana) eNew York State. Mem. UCornell Univ. Ag. Khipha. Sta. 354: 1-48. - ↑ 1234567
McManus, John J. 1974. Didelphis Virginiana. Izinhlobo ZaseMammali Cha. 40: 1-6. Ishicilelwe yi-American Society of Mammalogists, 2 Meyi 1974. - I-New World Marsupial Specialist Group (1996). Didelphis Virginiana. 2006. Uhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN Yezilwane Ezisongelwe. . Buka okurekhodwe njengengozi engezansi / ukukhathazeka okuncane (LR / lc v2.3)
- I-NatureServe. 2006. I-NatureServe Explorer: I-encyclopedia online yokuphila (Didelphis virginiana).
- UHibbard, C. W., D. E. Ray, D. E. Savage, D. W. Taylor, noJ. J. Guilday. Ngo-1965. Izilwane ezincelisayo zasekhaya zaseNyakatho Melika. I-Pp. Ngo-509-525, kuyi-Quaternary of the United States (uH. E. Wright noD. G. Frey, ed.), UPrinceton Univ. Cindezela, iPrinceton, eNew Jersey, 922 kk.
- ↑ 12
U-Lay, D.W. 1942. I-ecology ye-Oppum empumalanga yeTexas. Uhambo. Mammal. 23: 147-159. - Hunsaker, D., II, kanye noD. Shipe. 1977. Ukuziphatha Kokuhamba komhlaba kwezwe elisha. Amakhasi 279-347.
- ILlewellyn, L.M. kanye noF .H. Dale. 1964. Amanothi mayelana nemvelo ye-opossum eMaryland. Uhambo. Mamm. 45: 113-122.
- I-Cannibalism ku-Opossum. I-Opossum Society yase-United States (2003)
- Petrides, G. A. 1949. Ukuzimisela kobulili kanye nobudala ku-opossum. Uhambo. Mammal. 30: 364-378.
Umsoco
Yize ama-amathuba kungama-carnivores ngokwehlukaniswa ngenxa yamazinyo awo, acishe abe omnivorous. Okokuqala, zingama-scavenger futhi zondla u-carrion.
Lezi zilwane nazo zidla izinambuzane ezifana amakhokho, amasele, izinyoni, izinyoka, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezithelo, izidumbu zomhlaba kanye nezinsalela zezinye izilwane ezafa emgwaqweni omkhulu.
Isilwane sinezitha ezimbalwa zemvelo endaweni yaso: lezi ziyizinyoni ezidla inyama, ezinjengezikhova nezinkozi, kanye nezimpungushe, izinja, amakati.
Abantu bayazingela inyama. Izilwane eziningi ziyafa emigwaqweni ngesikhathi sokuzingela.
Lezi zilwane ziyingxenye yohlelo lwezemvelo, uchungechunge lokudla komhlaba.
Ukudla izinambuzane, izithelo, izilwane ezincane neminye imikhiqizo, zona uqobo zingukudla kwama-coyot, izimpungushe, izinyoka nezinyoni ezidla inyama.
Possum endlini
Izincwadi
- McManus, John J. 1974. Didelphis Virginiana. Izinhlobo ZaseMammali Cha. 40: 1-6. Ishicilelwe yi-American Society of Mammalogists, 2 Meyi 1974.
- UNewell, T. noR. Berg. 2003. "Didelphis virginiana" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Kufinyelelwe ngoMeyi 04, 2007.
- I-Didelphis virginiana
: Imininingwane yewebhusayithi ye-IUCN Red Book - Impilo Yezilwane: ngama-7 ama-v. / Ed. V. E. Sokolova. T.7. Izilwane ezincelisayo - 2nd ed., Revised. - M: Ezemfundo, 1989 .-- 558 k. (Ikhasi 37).
- I-NatureServe. 2006. I-NatureServe Explorer: I-encyclopedia online yokuphila (Didelphis virginiana). Uhlobo 6.1. I-NatureServe, e-Arlington, eVirginia. Iyatholakala i-https: //www.natureerve.org/explorer. (Kutholakala: Meyi 4, 2007).
- I-InfoNatura: Izinyoni, izilwane ezincelisayo, nama-amphibians aseLatin America (Didelphis virginiana). 2004. Uhlobo 4.1. I-Arlington, eVirginia (e-USA): i-NatureServe. Kutholakala: https://www.natureerve.org/infonatura. (Kutholakala: Meyi 4, 2007).
Incazelo emfushane
I-Possum iyi iqembu elincane lezilwane ezincelisayo. Njengamanje, indawo yokuhlala yabo yemvelo icishe ibe yindawo yonke yoMhlaba oMusha, yize, ngokokumbiwa kwezinto zakudala, amakhefu asendulo ayehlala eYurophu, futhi ngendlela, ukwakheka kwawo akukashintshi kangako kusukela lapho. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zamakhefu, ezinye zazo zincane kakhulu (ngokwesibonelo, i-Chakoez enomusa engenasisindo esingaphezu kwama-40 g), ezinye zikhulu kakhulu. Indlela yokuphila yezinhlobo ezahlukene zalezi zindawo ezishada nazo iyahlukahluka kakhulu: ezinye zazo zihlala ehlathini ezihlahleni, ezinye zise-steppe noma zihlala ogwadule.
Njengoba izilwane ezifuywayo zivame ukusetshenziswa izintombi ezikhona, ngosayizi azincane kunekati elijwayelekile: isisindo sesilwane esinjalo sisukela kwikhulu nengxenye siye kumakhilogremu ayisithupha, ubude bomzimba bucishe sibe yingxenye yemitha, futhi inani elifanayo lingumsila wegrey elincanyana ngokuqina okubonakalayo ezansi, lapho kugcinwa khona izinqolobane zamafutha.
Ukwakheka komsila kuvumela isilwane ukusisebenzisa njengosizo nokulinganisela lapho ugibela izihlahla. Amasayizi abesilisa nabesifazane ahlukile kakhulu: abafana bakhulu futhi banamandla amakhulu. Isici sesici sesilwane isihlakala esidala (kwabanye kufana ne-fox, kwezinye kungenzeka ihlotshaniswe negundane) enabadlali abade amadevu. Izindlebe zincanyana, izinwele kubo, kanye nasemsileni, azikho. Izeluleko zezindlebe zilula. Umzimba wesilwane umbozwe ngoboya obukhulu ne-undercoat emfishane ethambile.
Imvamisa ngombala ungwevu, kepha, ngokuya ngesifunda sendawo okuhlala kuyo, amnyama futhi acishe abe mhlophe ayatholakala (imbundana yesilwane, nokho, imhlophe njalo). Izinga loboya libuye lincike ezimweni zokuphila: kuma-uwezekano asenyakatho, uboya bukhulu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, bulula, ezindaweni eziseningizimu - okuvame kakhulu futhi kube mnyama. Umehluko ofanayo wombala unesikhumba ezindlebeni nasemsileni.
Ngokuvamile, i-phenum inikeza umbono wesidalwa esihle kakhulu futhi esishisayo esivele nje ofuna ukusinyaza nesifo sohlangothi. Futhi, ngendlela, isilwane esifuywayo siphendula ngokubonga kakhulu kulokhu kuphathwa, ngakho-ke okuqukethwe kwayo ekhaya kutholile ukuthandwa okunjalo.
Zanda kanjani futhi zikhule
INorth American phenum yisilwane esijwayelekile, okusho ukuthi izintokazi azinayo iplacenta “esebenzayo” lapho umbungu ungakhula khona. Ngemuva kokukhulelwa okwathatha amasonto amabili, kuye kuthiwe izelwe ezincane ezingama-30, zinqunu futhi zipinki, njengemibungu. Kusukela kulo mzuzu, umjaho wokusinda uyaqala, ngoba imvuthuluka - ecishe ibe ngu-15 mm ubude kuze kufike ku-13 g wesisindo - izonamathela esikhwameni sikanina, inamathela ezikhwameni zikanina futhi inamathela kwengono. Futhi lowesifazane unaba-13 kuphela kubo.
Ukunakekelwa nokuhlanzeka
Amakhefu, njengamakati, ageza izinyawo zawo kahle, kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nalawa asemuva, muhle kakhulu ezinhlelweni zamanzi. Ngendlela, uma ngasizathu simbe i-phenum inephunga elingathandeki, lokhu kungakhombisa izinkinga zempilo (ama-marsupials aphilile awanuki), ngakho-ke isilo kufanele sikhonjiswe kudokotela wezilwane ngokushesha.
Uma ungeke uhlanganyele ekufuyeni izilwane, owesilisa uyanconywa ukuthi ahlanzwe, lapho kuba khona uzokuba nephunga elingatheni lemvelo.
Ngokuvamile, kungashiwo ukuthi izinqubo eziyisisekelo zokuhlanzeka kwehlela yokuhlanza ejwayelekile yeseli. Lokhu kufanele kwenziwe okungenani kanye ngesonto.
Amabhati esihlabathi, akuthanda kakhulu ukuthatha i-chinchillas, awadingekile kuma-Optum.