Wena utholakala esiqhingini saseMadagascar, bask elangeni futhi uphupha ngokuphila kule ndawo enhle.

Kuze kwenzeke okuthile - kukhala lapho ucishe udlule phezu kwelanga lakho. Hhayi, wemukelekile, nayi ukhozi olukhalayo lwaseMadagascan.

Lezi zinyoni aziculi zodwa, zithanda ukonakalisa isimo sazo ngemizamo yeqembu.

Umbala ojwayelekile umnyama onsundu ngama-veins abomvu, izihlathi, umphimbo nomsila kumhlophe, uqhwaku lumnyama, kepha izisekelo zilula. Ubude bomuntu omdala bufika ku-63cm.

IMadagascar ekhala ukhozi ingumguquko wangempela. Ukunyakaza kwabo esibhakabhakeni kuhlukaniswe izinhlobo ezintathu:

1. Ukuntanta emoyeni ngamaphiko okusakaza, ukukhuphuka ngokubukeka okushaqisayo.

2. Izindiza ezisebenza ngokuqondile ngamaphiko okushaywa, ubumqoka bale ndiza ukuthi ijubane lendiza lifinyelela amakhilomitha angama-40 ngehora.

3. Shona ngedonsa elibukhali phansi ngejubane lamakhilomitha ayi-100 ngehora ukubamba inyamazane.

Ukhozi lwaseMadagascar lukhala njalo luhlala emiqheleni yezihlahla ezinde noma izimpukane ngaphezulu kwamanzi, lubheke inyamazane.

Idla ngokuphila kwasolwandle, incamela izinhlanzi ngaphezulu, kepha ayihambi ngokudla isidlo sakusihlwa esingajwayelekile ngamakhekhe ngendlela yezimfene, izinyoka, izimfudu zasolwandle, izinyoni zamanzi kanye nobuhlalu.

Kwesinye isikhathi ukhozi olukhalayo lwaseMadagascan lumane luthathe inyamazane kwezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama, njengomfundi oba ukudla kwabanye egumbini lokuphumula.

Isikhathi sokuzalela yinde, iqala ngoMeyi futhi ihlala kuze kube ngu-Okthoba. Abesifazane bude kude nabantu abathandanayo abalinde isikhulu sabo; bashada nabesilisa abangaphezu koyedwa.

Ukwethembana akuyona into yabo. Izinduna zihlelwe ngemfoloko esihlahleni eside noma esihlakaleni sethala. Kwi-clutch ngokuvamile awekho amaqanda angaphezu kwama-2.

Amaduna okhozi lwaseMadagascar obhekene nezenzo zawo, ngakho-ke asiza owesimame ukubamba amaqanda.

Njengamanje, isibalo asidluli ngaphezu kwe-120 yamazala okuzala. Ukhozi olukhalayo lwaseMadagascar lusengozini yokuqothulwa, ngenxa yalokho lufakwe kuhlu olubomvu lwe-IUCN ngalesi simo - isimo esibucayi.

Izinyoni azifuni ukuzalaniswa ngenxa yokungcola komuntu, zicabanga ngekusasa lezingane zazo. Ngisho nezinkozi zaseMadagascar eziklolodayo zinomthwalo wemfanelo kunabazali abathile.

(Haliaeetus leucocephalus)

Ihlala ikakhulukazi eCanada nase-USA, kwesinye isikhathi ingena ezifundeni ezisenyakatho neMexico. Ngaphezu kwalawa mazwe, le nyoni ibuye idle eziqhingini eziphethwe yiFrance iSaint-Pierre neMiquelon. Ukusatshalaliswa akulingani ngokwedlulele, indawo ephezulu kakhulu yezindawo zokwakha izidleke ibonwa kunxweme lolwandle naseduze kwemifula emikhulu namachibi. Entshonalanga yebanga, ukhozi luhlala ngokuzinikela emaphethelweni osogwini lwePacific ukusuka e-Alaska kuya e-Oregon, kanye naseziqhingini zase-Aleutian. Kunezinkozi eziningi kumaRockies ezifundazweni zase-Idaho, Montana, Wyoming naseColorado. Empumalanga ye-United States, izinyoni ziningi kakhulu eFlorida (inani lesibili ngobukhulu ngemuva kwe-Alaska), ogwini lweChesapeake Bay kanye nasesifundeni iGreat Lakes. Kutholakala izimbadlana zabantu eBaja California, Arizona, New Mexico, Rhode Island naseVermont. ECanada, le nyoni ayikho kuphela ezindaweni ezihlala i-Arctic ngasenyakatho kwe-Anderson River Valley kanye naphakathi nolwandle olusentshonalanga kwe-Hudson Bay. Izindiza zaseRandom ziye zaqoshwa eBermuda, e-US Islands Islands, ePuerto Rico, Belize nase-Ireland.

Izindawo zokuhlala ukhozi oluyimpuphu zihlala zihlanganiswa nomzimba omkhulu wamanzi - ulwandle, isigodi, ichibi elikhulu noma ingxenye ebanzi yomfula. Ezimweni zamanzi angaphakathi ezweni, ugu lwasogwini kufanele okungenani lube yi-11 km ubude, indawo encane kunazo zonke yendawo evulekile yamanzi eqoshwe kwabazalanayo yayingama-8 ha. Lapho ukhetha indawo yokugcina amanzi, ubuningi bemidlalo ehlukahlukene futhi efinyeleleka kuyo ibaluleke kakhulu - kulapho kukhulu khona, okuphezulu kokuqina kwezindawo zokuhlala. U-Orlan, njengomthetho, uphumula kanye nezidleke ehlathini elivuthiwe nge-predominance yezihlahla ze-coniferous nezokhuni oluqinile. Ukuze kwakhiwe futhi kwakhiwe isidleke, isebenzisa umuthi oqinile, ovame ukubusa, onomqhele ovulekile nokubonakala okuhle. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, ivimbela indawo enamasiko futhi ngokuvamile ibeka abantu ngenkuthalo, noma ngabe kunesidingo sokudla esiseduze. Ubukhulu bendawo yokudla buhlukile yonke indawo; izibalo ezaziwayo zisukela ku-2.6 km 2 esifundeni i-Upper Klamath Lake esifundeni sase-Oregon kuya cishe ku-648 km 2 e-Arizona.

Uhlobo lokufuduka luncike ezicini eziningana, kufaka phakathi izimo zezulu, ukutholakala kokudla, indawo indawo yokuhlala nezindawo kanye nobudala bomuntu. Uma ingaphezulu lalesi sigodi selimbozwe ngokuphelele yiqhwa, khona-ke onke amakhozi ahlala kuwo asuka kule ndawo athuthele ogwini lolwandle noma eningizimu aye ezindaweni eziphakemeyo ezifudumele. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lapho izimo zokudla zivumela (ngokwesibonelo, osebeni lolwandle), okungenani ingxenye yabantu abadala ihlala kuze kube sebusika endaweni yezidleke.

Lonke ubude bomzimba bufika ku-70-120 cm, amaphiko angama-180-230 cm, isisindo 3-6.3 kg. Abesifazane cishe ikota bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa. Izinyoni ezisatshalaliswa emaphethelweni asenyakatho ebangeni zikhulu kakhulu ngosayizi uma ziqhathaniswa nezinyoni ezihlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yebanga. Uqhwaku lukhulu, lubunjiwe, luyinyoni endala kunombala ophuzi wegolide. Ukuqhuma kumakhanda aphezulu wogebhezi kuwuphawu, okunikeza inyoni ukuba ibanjwe. Izimbambo zombala ofanayo ngomlomo, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zensamo. Iminwe ifinyelela ku-15 cm ubude, iqinile, inezikhafu ezibukhali. Ngeminwe yangaphambili, le nyoni ibamba isisulu, kuyilapho umhlaseli okhule kahle ehlaba izitho zayo ezibalulekile. ITarsus, ngokungafani nezinkozi, ivezwe ngokuphelele. Uthingo luphuzi. Izimpiko zibanzi futhi ziyindilinga, umsila ungobude obuphakathi, bume njengobumba. Izimpaphe zokugcina zigqoka okhozi zithola kuphela ekuqaleni konyaka wesithupha wokuphila. Kusukela kulonyaka, izinyoni ziqhamile zinekhanda elimhlophe nomsila kumbala onsundu ohlukile, ocishe ube mnyama ngakolunye uhlangothi lwamapulangwe. Indiza igcwele umfaniswano, ayithwali, enamaphiko angavamile. Lapho unyakazisa, amaphiko abanzi asethwa ngakwesobunxele esifanele emzimbeni, nenhloko yelulelwe phambili.

Naphezu kokubukeka kwayo okwesabekayo, ukhozi olunempandla lunezwi elibuthakathaka. Esikhathini esiningi ungayizwa ikhala kakhulu noma ikhwela, idluliswa ngokuthi “okusheshayo-ukukhahlela”. Ngaphezu kokukhala kakhulu, bahlukanisa nama-tweets aphansi, adluliswa ngokuthi “kanjani-kanjani-kanjani-kanjani” Izinyoni ezincane zinephimbo elikhudlwana, eli-coarser. IVocalization ivame ukuvela ngesikhathi "sokushintshwa konogada" esidlekeni, nasezindaweni zokugcwala kwezinyoni ebusika.

Njengamanye amashiya, amakhanda anamakhanda adla ikakhulu inhlanzi, yize futhi edlala ngomdlalo omncane. Kwesinye isikhathi, ngokuzithandela udla ukudla kwabanye abahlaseli noma adle u-carrion. Ukuhlaziywa kokuqhathanisa kwezifundo ezingama-20 ezingxenyeni ezihlukile zobubanzi kubonise ukuthi ukudla okujwayelekile kungama-56% enezinhlanzi (i-pink salmon, i-coalm salmon, i-skeon ye-skeon, i-Pacific herring, i-Pacific gerbil, i-chukuchan enkulu, i-shad yaseMelika, i-carp, i-dorosome, i-catfish ehlukahlukene, i-trout, i-mullet, i-eel , i-pike, njll.), i-28% evela ezinkukhu (i-grebes, crests, amadada, ama-gulls, ama-coot, ama-heron), i-14% evela ezincelisayo (ama-hares, onogwaja, ama-squirrels, ama-squirrel emhlabathini, amagundane, ama-raccoons, ama-muskrats, ama-beavers asemasha), ngo-2% aqhamuka kwamanye amaqembu ezilwane (izinyoka zamanzi, izimfudu, ama-amphibians kanye ama-crustaceans). Lesi silinganiso siyehluka ngokuya ngokutholakala kwezindawo nezinkathi ezithile zokudla okuthile.

Ukhozi luvame ukuzingela emanzini angajulile, lapho izinhlanzi ziqongelela khona kanye kule ndawo yokugcina amanzi. Indlela enkulu yokuthola ukudla ifana namakhono okuzingela ama-osprey - ukhozi lubona isisulu kusuka ekuphakameni, iwele phansi ngetshe futhi ilubambe ngezihlakala ezibukhali, kuyilapho isembozo esiyimpuphu esikhulu sihlala somile. Ijubane lendiza edonsayo i-120-160 km / h, ukuhamba ngezindiza okujwayelekile kungama-56-70 km / h. Imvamisa, inyoni izulazula emanzini nezimbobo esidlule. Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-osprey, ukhozi lubheka inyamazane enkulu futhi, ngezinqa zalo ezinamandla, alukwazi ukubamba izinhlanzi ezincane. Isisindo somthwalo ophethwe yiwo uvame ukwehluka kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-3 kg. Umthwalo osindayo kakhulu ungagxilisa umdlwenguli emanzini, futhi kulokhu, inyoni ibhukuda ngempumelelo ogwini, ngaphandle kokuthi ibulawe yi-hypothermia emanzini eqhwa. Ukuzingela ngokubambisana kwesinye isikhathi kuyabonakala lapho enye yezinyoni zababili idonsa inyamazane, bese enye ihlasela yona ingemuva. Le ndlela yokuthola ukudla ibonakala kakhulu kumdlalo omkhulu womhlaba, onjenge-hare noma i-heron. Izinkozi nazo zingabamba inyamazane enamazinyo emoyeni, yize zivame ukumangalisa lapho zimangele emhlabeni noma emanzini. Lapho ebamba amarhanisi, inyamazane ingandiza isuka ngezansi, iye phezulu emoyeni bese ibopha imichilo yayo esifubeni sesisulu. Enye indlela isetshenziswa ngokudada amadada: isiyingi sezinyoni ngaphezulu kwesisulu esingaba khona, siyiphoqa ukuthi icashe ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngemuva kokujikijela eziningana, le nyoni ebuthaka iba inyamazane elula. Njengoba isibambe inyamazane esihlahleni noma esihlahleni, inyoni iqala ukudla, icindezele ukusekelwa ngonyawo olulodwa futhi icishe ezinye izingcezu. Imvamisa, abanye bazama ukujoyina inyoni eyodwa eyondlayo, ngakho-ke ukhozi obambe inyamazane lufuna ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ngokushesha endaweni ethile. Kufika kilo eyodwa yokudla kungagcinwa ku-goiter isikhashana, ukuze inyoni ingezwa ukulamba izinsuku eziningana.

Njengesibalo esikhulu sezinyoni zama-hawk, izinkozi eziyimpandla ziyizilwane ezijwayelekile ezithandanayo: owesilisa ngamunye owesilisa nowesifazane oyedwa. Ngokwesiko kukholelwa ukuthi abalingani bagcina ukuthembeka "emshadweni" empilweni yabo yonke. Kodwa-ke, lokhu akulona iqiniso ngokuphelele: uma enye yezinyoni ingabuyi endaweni yezidleke ngemuva kokudonsa ubusika, elesibili lifuna umlingani omusha. Lo mbhangqwana ubuye uhlukane lapho ungakwazi ukuzala inzalo ehlanganyele. Amabili akhiwa ngaphakathi kobubanzi bokudlekwa nobusika. Ukuziphatha kokukhwelana kukhulunyelwa ikakhulu ezindizeni ezibonisa ukubukeka kwazo zombili izinyoni, lapho zijahana, zishone phansi bese zibheka phansi.

Ukuhlelwa kwesidleke kuqala eFlorida ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba-ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba, e-Ohio nasePennsylvania ngoFebhuwari, e-Alaska ngoJanuwari, kodwa kunoma yikuphi kunakuqala kakhulu kunezinyoni eziningi ezizidlayo endaweni efanayo. Iyingxenye enkulu yamagatsha namahlumela, imvamisa etholakala esihlahleni somuthi ophilayo omude ngamathuba okusondela okukhululekile, hhayi ngaphezu kwamakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka emanzini avulekile. Imithombo ithi isidleke sokhozi sikhulu kunazo zonke izinyoni zaseNyakatho Melika. Imvamisa ingafinyelela kububanzi obungamamitha ayi-2,5, ubude obuyi-4 m futhi inesisindo esilingana nethani. Ngokufakwa kwezinto ezintsha, isidleke siba nzima minyaka yonke futhi singaphula amagatsha asibambile, futhi siwe nomoya onamandla. Kodwa-ke, izidleke esezisetshenziswe amashumi eminyaka ziyaziwa. Ezimweni ezihlukile, lapho kungekho hlaza olunamanzi endaweni yokuzalanisa, njengasesifundeni sase-Amchitka (iziqhingi zase-Aleutian), isidleke sinokuhlelwa endaweni enamatshe noma kwenye indawo engatholakali kwabadla izitha zomhlaba. E-Sonora Desert, lapho izihlahla zivame kakhulu khona, izinkozi zibekwe phezu kwe-cactus enkulu. Uhlaka lwegatsha oluphambili luhlanganiswe ngotshani, umhlanga, ummbila owomile nezinye izinto ezifanayo. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni, okungathatha kusuka ezinsukwini eziningana kuya ezinyangeni ezi-3, noma kunjalo, insikazi ibamba iqhaza kakhulu ekubekeni amagatsha. Yize ukwakhiwa okuyinhloko kwenzeka ngaphambi kokubekwa kwamaqanda, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi zombili lezi zinyoni zombili ziqinisa ukwakhiwa okuqediwe. Ngokungeziwe esidlekeni esikhulu, ngaphakathi kwendawo efanayo kungahle kube khona eyodwa noma ngaphezulu eseleyo esetshenziswa izinyoni ngezikhathi ezithile, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokushona kobumbuso bokuqala.

Amaqanda abekwa izinyanga ezingama-1-3 ngemuva kokuqala kokwakhiwa kwesidleke. Ngokubekwa ngokuphelele, njengomthetho, amaqanda ama-1-3 (kaningi ama-2) abekwa ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku noma ezimbili. Uma nganoma yisiphi isizathu i-clutch yasekuqaleni ilahlekile, insikazi iyakwazi ukuhlehlisa futhi. Amaqanda amhlophe acwebezelayo, ngaphandle kwephethini, anobubanzi obukhulu obukhulu. Osayizi bawo angama-58-85 x 47-63 mm. Ubukhulu, kanye nenqwaba yamaqanda, kuvame ukukhuphuka kusuka eningizimu kuya enyakatho ngokuhambisana nosayizi wezinyoni ngokwazo. Isikhathi sokufakwa incubation cishe simalanga angama-35. Ukubamba, kanye nokondla inzalo, ikakhulukazi insikazi, owesilisa uthatha indawo yakhe ngezikhathi ezithile. Umsebenzi omkhulu wesilisa ukuthola ukudla. Amachwane azalwa ngokulandelana kwamaqanda okwabekwa ngawo, ukuze ahluke ngokubonakalayo ngosayizi. Amachwane avelile ambozwe ngofile futhi angasizi ngalutho, amasonto amabili noma amathathu okuqala omunye wabazali uhlala esidlekeni - lokhu ikakhulukazi kungowesifazane, kanti owesilisa ubhekene nokukhishwa kokudla noma ukuqoqa impahla yesidleke. Imikhaza incintisana ukuthola ukufinyelela kokudla, futhi kaningi abasebasha babulawa yindlala. Ngeviki lesihlanu kuya kwelelesithupha, abazali bayaphuma esidlekeni futhi bavame ukuba seduze kwegatsha. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, amaphuphu afunda ukuklebhula izingcezu zokudla bese eqa egatsheni eya kwelinye igatsha, ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-10-12,5 aqala ukundiza. Cishe isigamu sam amaphuphu, umzamo wokuqala wokundiza emoyeni awuphumelelanga futhi awela phansi, lapho achitha khona isikhathi esingamaviki ambalwa. Njengoba esefundile ukundiza, amaphuphu achitha amanye amasonto angama-2-11 eduze kwabazali bawo ngaphambi kokuba azimele ngokuphelele futhi ahlakazeke. Cishe isigamu sezinkozi ziyakwazi ukuzala okwesibili phakathi nonyaka.

(Haliaeetus pelagicus)

Ihanjiswe eNhlonhlo yeKamchatka kanye nasogwini loLwandle lwase-Okhotsk. Ihlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeKoryak Upland (kuze kufinyelele maphakathi noMfula i-Apuki), isigodi soMfula iPenzhina, kanye nesiqhingi saseKaraginsky. Itholakala ezindaweni eziphansi ze-Amur, enyakatho yeSakhalin, eShantar naseKuril Islands, naseKorea. Kwesinye isikhathi ukhozi lolwandle lukaSteller lundizela eNyakatho Ntshonalanga Melika, eJapan naseNyakatho China. Ngaphandle kwensimu yaseRussia, ukhozi lolwandle lukaSteller lutholakala kuphela lapho kuthuthelwa ebusika. Ubusika ngasogwini lolwandle, akuvamisile ukuba semgwaqweni oseningizimu yeMpumalanga Ekude naseJapan, behlangana ngamaqembu wezinyoni ezi-2-3. Kuhlala izigodi zasemfuleni eziphansi ezinamahlathi amade, ulwandle olunamadwala, ogwini lwamachibi amakhulu. Ukuba khona kwezidumbu zamanzi ezinenhlanzi efinyelelekayo, ngokuyinhloko i-salmon, kuyisici esinqumayo empilweni yezinkozi zasolwandle zaseSteller.

Ubude benyoni buyi-85-105 cm, ngamaphiko we-195-250 cm, isisindo esingu-7.5-9 kg. Ezinyoni ezindala, umbala uqukethe inhlanganisela yombala onsundu omnyama ngombala omhlophe (kodwa futhi kukhona ukwahluka kombala onsundu owodwa). Ebunzini, amapayipi omlenze ophansi, amaphiko amboze amancane naphakathi, kanye namaphiko omsila amhlophe, iplamu lonke linsundu. Abantu abasha ngonyaka wokuqala wokuphila onsundu ngezisekelo ezimhlophe zezimpaphe futhi ezinama-buffy palegated. Abesilisa nabesifazane banemibala efanayo, ingubo yokugcina igqokwa iseneminyaka emithathu. Uthingo lumsundu okhanyayo, uqhwaku olukhulu luphuzi ngombala ophuzi, i-wax nemilenze iphuzi, iziphuphu zimnyama.

Isisekelo sokudla okunempilo yi-salmon. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bahlasela izimpawu zamanzi ezincane zezinyoni, izinyoni (i-capercaillie, i-grouse, amadada, i-gulls), izilwane ezincelisayo (ama-hares, i-arctic fox, i-ermine, i-sable), ama-invertebrates asolwandle (ama-bivalves, ama-cephalopods, crabs), adla u-carrion, kanye nokukhipha ulwandle. Ngokuqala kokuhamba kwe-salmonid spawning, izinkozi eziningi zasolwandle zase-Steller azidli, hhayi nje kuphela izinhlanzi eziphilayo, kodwa futhi zifile, zinqwabelana, futhi zivame ukuzithanda. Izikhathi eziningi, izinkozi zasolwandle zikaSteller zihlala zizingela emithini emide noma emadwaleni amatshe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-5-30.Zingakwazi ukuzingela, zibhekise emoyeni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-6-7 ngaphezu kwamanzi.Kwesinye isikhathi babamba izinhlanzi ngamawele, bemi emanzini angajulile esihlabathini sesihlabathi.

Lezi izinyoni ezinyantisa igazi. Imibhangqwana eshadile yakha iminyaka engaphezulu kwengu-4, ngaleso sikhathi izinkozi zingakha isidleke senkambiso ekwindla, lapho zingadli. Imidlalo yokumatanisa iqala ngoMashi. Ukuhluma kwenzeka esidlekeni. Isidleke siyisakhiwo esikhulu samagatsha amakhulu nesindayo phezulu kwesihlahla noma ngaphezulu kwamatshe, esivame ukugcotshwa ngotshani. Imvamisa, izidleke zakhiwa ezihlahleni ezinkulu, ezivuthiwe, zivame ngezihloko ezifile. Kusetshenziswe isidleke esisodwa iminyaka engu-5-8. Amabhangqana amaningi anezidleke ezimbili (azikho ngaphezu kwama-900 m ngokuhlukaniswa), azigcina ngezikhathi ezithile. Minyaka yonke izidleke ezilungisiwe zikhula ngosayizi bese zifinyelela ku-3 m ubukhulu no-2 m ukuphakama. Amaqanda abekwa ngo-Ephreli - Meyi, lapho iqhwa lingakancibilika. E-clutch kunamaqanda amhlophe ayi-1-3 nge-tint eluhlaza okotshani; ukufakwa kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-34 ukuya ku-34. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuqala ngeqanda lokuqala. Imikhaza ivela ngoMeyi - Juni futhi isidlekeni izinyanga ezi-2-2,5, ziphuma ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi - Agasti, kuyaqabukela ngoSepthemba. Abazali bondla amachwane ngenhlanzi engu-20-30 cm ubude, bayilethe esidlekeni amahlandla ama-2 ngosuku. Kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba, ukukhula okuncane kugcinwa kumakhilomitha angama-2-3 ukusuka endaweni yezidleke. Izinkozi zasolwandle zikaSteller ziqala ukuzala zineminyaka yobudala engaphansi kweminyaka eyi-7.

(IHaliaeetus leucogaster)

Ihlala ugu lwe India, Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, Philippines, New Guinea, Australia kanye ne Tasmania. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuyinyoni exazululiwe, abanye abantu bahlala endaweni eyodwa unyaka wonke, kepha abanye bayazulazula.

Ikhanda, isifuba, izimpaphe ezimboze ngaphansi kwephiko nomsila wokhozi oludala kumhlophe. Umzimba ophezulu ungwevu. Ngaphansi kwephiko, izimpaphe zamnyama ezindizayo ziqhathanisa kahle nezembozo ezimhlophe. Umsila umfishane futhi umile wedig, njengawo wonke amakhozi. Uqhwaku kanye ne-iris kumnyama, i-wax iblue, imilenze iphuzi ngokuphuzi noma mpunga. Le nyoni encane in nsundu. Abesilisa nabesifazane bafana ngombala, kepha owesifazana mkhulu. Ubude bomzimba wesilisa bungama-66-80 cm, nobunzima obungu-1.8-3 kg. Ubude bomzimba sowesifazane buyi-80-90 cm, nobunzima obungu-2,5-5,5 kg.

Lezi zinyoni zivame ukubonwa zihlala phezulu ezihlahleni noma zigoqeka ngenhla kwemizimba yamanzi nomhlaba ngawodwana noma ngababili. Amaqembu amancane ezinkozi ezinombala omhlophe kwesinye isikhathi aqoqana lapho kukhona khona umthombo wokudla owanele. Indiza iyaqondakala ngaphezu kwezinye izinkozi, ikwazi ukubamba izinyoni nezimpungushe ezindizayo emoyeni. Idla ikakhulu inhlanzi, izimfudu zasolwandle nezinyoka, izidla ama-penguin amancane, amachaphaza, izidleke zezilwane ezincelisayo, futhi futhi idla i-carrion, ethola ugu lolwandle. Ukudla kuvame ukuthathwa kwezinye izinyoni ezincane ezidla inyama.

Isikhathi sokuzala sincike kakhulu endaweni yokuhlala, imvamisa ngesikhathi somile. Lezi yizinyoni ezinyantisa igazi: umbhangqwana uhlala ndawonye kuze kufe omunye wabalingani. Bese kuthi owesibili athole okusha. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi ezinye iziza ze-nesting zihlala zihlala iminyaka eminingi. Izidleke zihlelwe emaphethelweni amadwala noma ezihlahleni ezinde; izidleke zezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama kwesinye isikhathi ziyasetshenziswa. Indawo yesidleke iyakhethwa ukuze kube nokubuka okuhle kwezindawo ezizungezile. Isidleke siyipulatifomu yamagatsha owomile enethreyi ejulile embozwe ngotshani noma ngamanzi olwandle. Unyaka nonyaka, lo mbhangqwana ulungisa isidleke, yingakho sikhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwakha noma ukulungisa kuthatha amasonto amathathu kuya kwayisithupha. E-clutch kuvame amaqanda ama-2 amhlophe. Insikazi ifukamela amaqanda cishe amasonto ayisithupha, owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi umlethela ukudla. Izinkukhu zibopha izinsuku ezingama-70-80, kepha zihlale nabazali isikhathi esingangezinyanga eziyisithupha noma kuze kube yisizini elandelayo yokuzalanisa.

(IHaliaeetus sanfordi)

Ihlala eSolomon Islands, etholakala eningizimu-ntshonalanga yoLwandle iPacific, enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Australia. Ihlala emahlathini aphansi futhi anezintaba ngasogwini lolwandle endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1,500 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Isifuba nesisu zibomvu nsundu, umzimba ongaphezulu umnyama, inhloko nentamo kukhanye nsundu, umsila umdaka onsundu. Ubude bomzimba 70-90 cm, amaphiko angama-cm 165-185 cm, isisindo somzimba wamadoda 1.1-1.9 kg, izinsikazi zingu-1,3-7,7 kg.

Idla inhlanzi, igobolondo, izimfudu zasolwandle nezinyoka, u-carrion, ogezwe ogwini, kwesinye isikhathi udla izinyoni nezimpungushe ezindizayo.

Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngo-Agasti kuya ku-Okthoba. Ngokuvamile kukhona amaqanda ama-2 ku-clutch.

(IHaliaeetus vocifer)

Kusatshalaliswa e-Afrika engaseningizimu yeSahara endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kolwandle. Sihlala emahlathini emvula, emaceleni, emabhidini, ema-Finbosh ngisho nasezifundeni zasogwadule eduze namachibi anamanzi ahlanzekile, izihlambi nemifula, kwesinye isikhathi ezitholakala eduze nogu ezifundeni noma emachwebeni.

Lezi yizinkozi ezinobukhulu obuphakathi, ubude bazo buqala ku-63 kuya ku-57 cm, amaphiko asuka ku-175 kuya ku-210 cm. Iziduna zinesisindo esisuka ku-2 kuye ku-2,5 kg, kanti izinsikazi zinesisindo kusuka ku-3,2 kuye ku-3.6 kg. Ikhanda, intamo, isifuba phezulu nomhlane, kanye nomsila, kumhlophe, kanti umzimba wonke ungama-chestnut noma mpunga. Izimpaphe ezisezinkomeni zamaphiko zimnyama. Uqhwaku luphuzi ngensipho emnyama, imilenze nayo ilambu ophuzi ngombala.

Izinkozi eziklolodayo zivame ukubonakala emiqheleni yezihlahla ezinde lapho zihlola khona uhla lwazo. Izindawo zokuhlala zivame ukumboza umbhede womfula noma ugu lwamachibi amakhulu. Izinkozi eziklolodayo zenza imisindo emibili ehlukile, kungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoni. Imvamisa, lezi zinyoni zikhala zimbhangqwana, ukukhala okubhoboza kakhulu kowesifazane. Kuyinto ejwayelekile ngesikhathi sokukhala ngokuhlala uthambise ikhanda emuva.

Idla ikakhulu inhlanzi, ayivamisi ukuzingela ama-flamesos amancane, ama-ibise, izingwamza nezinye izinyoni zamanzi. Kwesinye isikhathi inyamazane yazo ingaba ngamafudu amancane, izingwenya ezincane, ubuhlalu, izinyoka zasolwandle noma i-carrion. Izinkozi eziklolodayo zindiza ngobuchule futhi zivame ukuthatha inyamazane kwezinye izinyoni. Balinda isikhathi eside esiqongweni somuthi lapho inhlanzi ibonakala khona, bese indiza idonsa bayayibamba, idla esihlahleni. Abakwazi ukuphakamisa inyamazane, isisindo sayo esidlula i-1.5 kg, bayidle osebeni.

Isikhathi sokufuya sisenkathi eyomile, lapho izinga lamanzi ezindaweni zokugcina liphansi. Izinkozi eziklabalasayo ziyizinyoni ezinyantisa igazi. Izindlovu zakhiwa esihlahleni eside eduze kwamanzi. Izinto zokwakha zingamagatsha omile. Izindlovu zisetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi futhi ziyalungiswa njalo ngonyaka, ngakho isidleke sikhula njalo futhi singafinyelela kububanzi obuyi-2 m nobubanzi obuyi-1.5 m. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda amhlophe abe mathathu anezindawo eziningana ezibomvu. Insikazi ifaka ikakhulukazi izinsuku ezingama-42-45. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-70-75 kuzelwe amachwane sekuqala ukundiza, ngemuva kwamanye amasonto ayisishiyagalombili aqala ukuthola ngokuzimela ukudla. Ukuthomba kwenzeka eneminyaka emine.

(IHaliaeetus vociferoides)

Ihlala emahlathini amile aqinile ogwini olusentshonalanga yesiqhingi saseMadagascar. Igcinwa njalo eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1200 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ukuphakama komzimba kungama-60-66 cm, amaphiko ngu-165-180 cm, isisindo somzimba sowesilisa singama-2.2-2.6 kg, kuthi owesifazane kube ngu-2.8-3,5 kg. Imibala ejwayelekile inombala onsundu ngama-veins abomvu, ikhanda linombala onsundu, izihlathi nomphimbo zimhlophe, umsila omfushane umhlophe. UBill umnyama, imilenze iphuzi.

Imvamisa uhlala emthini omude noma izimpukane ngaphezulu kwamanzi, efuna inyamazane. Idla ikakhulu inhlanzi, kwesinye isikhathi imfene, oofudu bolwandle, izinyoni zamanzi, futhi iphinde idle inyamazane kwezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama.

Gcina ngababili. Isikhathi sokuzala sithatha ngoMeyi kuya ku-Okthoba. Izinduna zakhiwa ngemfoloko esihlahleni eside noma esihlakaleni sethala. Ngokuvamile kukhona amaqanda ama-2 ku-clutch. Isikhathi sokufuduka sithatha izinsuku ezingama-37 kuya kwezingu-37. Bobabili abazali bayashonisa, kodwa ikakhulukazi abesimame. Amathanga ashiya isidleke ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-78-89.

(Haliaeetus leucoryphus)

Kuhanjiswa kusuka eKazakhstan, eningizimu yeRussia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan naseTurkmenistan empumalanga kuye eMongolia naseChina naseningizimu enyakatho neNdiya, Pakistan, Bangladesh kanye neBurma. Abantu baseNyakatho bathuthela eningizimu enyakatho neNdiya ebusika. Igcinwa eduze namachibi amakhulu nemifula, kokubili ezindaweni eziphansi kanye nokuphakama kuze kufinyelele kumamitha ayi-5000 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ukhozi olude olunomsila lunomzimba onsundu okhanyayo nobuso obumhlophe, amaphiko amnyama ansundu kanye nomhlane obomvu emuva. Umsila umnyama ngomugqa omhlophe onobuntu. Izinyoni ezincane zimnyama ngokuphelele futhi akukho mivimbo emsileni wazo. Le nyoni ifinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-72-84 nesipiko esiyi-180-205 cm. Isisindo sezintokazi singama-2.1-3.7 kg kanti abesilisa bangamakhilogremu amathathu nesithathu.

Idla ikakhulu inhlanzi enkulu enamanzi amnandi, kwesinye isikhathi idla amasele, izimfudu, izifuyo zamanzi, amanzi wamanzi namachwane awo, i-carrion. Imvamisa kuthatha izinhlanzi kwezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Kukhona ukukhiqizwa okwenele okuvela ebusweni bamanzi.

Isikhathi sokuzala enyakatho yebanga siqala ngoMashi, futhi eningizimu ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Bobabili abazali bakhe izidleke phezulu kwesihlahla eside esikhula eduze kwechibi. Isidleke siyipulatifomu enkulu yamagatsha owomile afakwe ngotshani obomile. Ku-clutch kunamaqanda ama-1-3 avela ezinsukwini ezingama-40 kuya ku-5. Amachwane okugcina aboshwe ahlala efa.

(Haliaeetus albicilla)

Le inyoni ebanzi edla izindwani e-Asia isuka e-tundra iye eJapan, China, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Northern Iran naseTurkey, eYurophu isuka enyakatho yeScandinavia iye eRomania, eHungary, eBalkan naseziphethwini zeBaltic, eCorsica naseSardinia, eHebrides naseShetland iziqhingi, e-Iceland nasentshonalanga eseningizimu neGreenland. Ebusika, ezinye izinyoni, ikakhulukazi ezincane, zifudukela eningizimu ePakistan, China nasenyakatho neNdiya. Ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe luhlala kakhulu ogwini lwamachibi amakhulu nemifula, futhi kwezinye izindawo luyatholakala ogwini lolwandle.

Ubude bomzimba wokhozi olunomsila omhlophe busuka ku-70 kuye kuma-90 cm, amaphiko asuka kuma-200 kuye kwangama-230 cm. Izinsikazi zikhulu ngobukhulu nangesisindo kunabesilisa. Isisindo somzimba sowesifazane ngama-4-7 kg, owesilisa angama-3-4,5 kg. Umsila umfishane, unemidwebo yempi. Amapheya omuntu omdaka onsundu, ikhanda nentamo kuphuzi, umsila umhlophe. Uqhwaku luphuzi okhanyayo uma uqhathanisa nezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama likhulu futhi lunamandla. Iris nayo inombala ophuzi ophuzi. Ama-ukhozi okhozi olunomsila omhlophe awambozwa ngezimpaphe kuya emilenzeni. Intsha inombala onsundu ngombala, uqhwaku limpunga emnyama. Nge-molt ngayinye, izinkozi ezincane ezinomsila omhlophe ziya ngokuya zifana kakhulu nezilwane ezindala, futhi lapho zineminyaka emihlanu, ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe luthola ngokuphelele ukubukeka komuntu omdala. Lapho indiza, le nyoni ibamba amaphiko ayo abanzi ngokuqondile.

Njengoba ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe luthanda ukuhlala eduze namachibi, imenyu yalo ngokuyinhloko inhlanzi. Uzingela indiza ebheke phezulu kwaleli gumbi lokugcina, futhi lapho nje ibona inhlanzi, ivele iwele phansi ngokushesha, futhi ikwazi ukungena emanzini isikhashana ukumba inyamazane ngezihlakala zayo eziqinile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idla ngocingo lwamanzi, kufaka phakathi amahansi, amalobolo namadada amakhulu. Iphinde idle izilwane ezincelisayo - ama hares, marmots, squirrels, njll. Ngesinye isikhathi idla ngo-carrion, ikakhulukazi ebusika.

Le nyoni izama ukwakha isidleke sayo phezulu emhlabathini, ikakhulukazi ezihlahleni, kaningi emadwaleni. Yakhiwe kusuka kumagatsha amakhulu futhi ngokuphelele: isetshenziswe iminyaka eminingi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sakhiwo sifinyelela ngokulingana okukhulu kakhulu, yingakho kwesinye isikhathi sichithwa ngumoya, bese siphuka amagatsha ezihlahla, siwele phansi. Kulokhu, owesilisa nowesifazane bavuselela isidleke esisha. Imibhangqwana yakhelwa impilo yonke, uma kwenzeka kufa umlingani, esikhundleni saso kutholakala enye indawo. Ukhozi olunomsila omhlophe lulungele ukuzala kuphela ngemuva kokufika eminyakeni emine. Insikazi iqala ukubeka amaqanda ukusuka ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari futhi, ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, ukubekwa kungaqhubeka kuze kube maphakathi noMeyi. E-clutch kukhona amaqanda amhlophe ukusuka ku-1 kuya ku-3, kwesinye isikhathi okuhambisana nezindawo ezinama-ocher. Izinsuku ezingama-35 kuya kwengama-40, bobabili ababambisene bazibandakanye ngokuhlukile ekufukweni. Ngemuva kwamachaphazelo amachwane, awashiyi isidleke cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Kodwa-ke, ngisho nangemva kokuba izingane seziqale ukundiza zizingela zodwa, isikhathi esithile zikhetha ukuhlala eduze kwesidleke nabazali, abazondla njalo.

(Ichthyophaga humilis)

Kusatshalaliswa eSoutheast Asia: ukusuka eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeNdiya (ezansi kweHimalaya) empumalanga kuya e-Indochina peninsula nase-Indonesia, inani labantu elihlukile liseningizimu ne-India esifundeni saseKarnataka. Ihlala eduzane nemithombo ehlukahlukene yokugcina imifula: imifula, amachibi, ukubhukuda. Ilungiselela imifudlana yezintaba noma imizimba yamanzi enegesi esheshayo. Ibanjwa endaweni ephakeme efinyelela kumamitha angama-2400 ngaphezu kolwandle, yize ivame ukwenzeka ngaphansi kuka-1000 m.

Yinyoni ephakathi nendawo, efinyelela ku-64 cm ubude futhi enamaphiko acishe abe ngu-1,2 m. Umbala womzimba ojwayelekile onsundu-onsundu, okhalweni kanye nesisu kumhlophe. Izimpiko zibanzi, umsila umfushane futhi uyindilinga, ikhanda lincane, intamo yinde. Amehlo abantu abadala aphuzi, u-wax ungwevu. Imilenze imfushane, iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ukudla kuqukethe cishe inhlanzi. Ifuna inyamazane ihleli edwaleni noma egatsheni lesihlahla ibopha amanzi. Ukubona isisulu sehle masinyane bese siyayibamba isuka ebusweni bamanzi ngezinqa zayo ezibukhali.

ENorth India naseNepal, isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngoMashi futhi siphela ngo-Agasti, kwezinye izindawo ziqala ngoNovemba futhi siphela ngo-Ephreli. Lesi sidleke sakhiwa kusuka emagatsheni omile namaqabunga aluhlaza, singafinyelela kububanzi obuyi-1 m ububanzi kanye no-1.5 m ukujula. Ku-clutch kusuka emaqanda amabili kuya kwayi-4.

(Ichthyophaga ichthyaetus)

Kusakazwa kabanzi kusuka eNdiya naseNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia kuya eMalaysia, Indonesia nasePhilippines. Ihlala emahlathini ashisayo endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1,500 ngaphezu kolwandle. Ihlala eduzane nemifula nemifudlana, amachibi, amadamu, amadamu, izixhaphozi nemifula.

Ubude bomzimba bungu-61-75 cm, amaphiko ngamaphiko ngu-155-170 cm, umsila ubude angama-23- 28 cm, insikazi inesisindo esingu-2.3-7 kg kg, kanti owesilisa unesisindo esingama-1,6 kg. Ikhanda lincane, intamo yinde, umsila umfishane oyindilinga, imilenze mifushane inezikhafu ezinde. Umbala womzimba ojwayelekile onsundu ngombala onsundu, ikhanda liphuzi, isifuba sinsundu, inxenye engenhla yomzimba onsundu, isisu nomsila mhlophe, umsila unomugqa omnyama obanzi.

Lezi zinkozi zigcinwa zodwa noma ngazimbili. Izindiza ngokuzindiza, indiza esindayo. Isikhathi esiningi asichitha ehleli ezihlahleni eshintsha amanzi futhi efuna inyamazane. Isisulu sibamba ngezihlakala ezibukhali ezivela ebusweni bamanzi. Iyakwazi nokuzingela lapho ime emihosheni yamanzi anezivunguvungu emifudlaneni yemifula. Ukudla kususelwa kunhlanzi ebukhoma, kwesinye isikhathi kudla izinhlanzi ezifile, okuvame kakhulu ukuthi zondle ezihuquzelayo, izinyoni zamanzi kanye nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.

Isikhathi sokuzalela iningi ebangeni livela ngoNovemba kuya kuMeyi. Wakha izidleke ezinkulu ezinobubanzi obungu-1.5 m nobubanzi obungu-2 m emiqhele ovulekile wezihlahla ezinde, ugqoko luboshwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza. E-clutch kunamaqanda ama-2-4 amhlophe. Isikhathi sokufuduka sithatha izinsuku ezingama-45-50. Izinkukhu zibopha izinsuku ezingama-70.