Ubukhulu be-chamois cishe buba yimitha eyodwa ubude namasentimitha angama-75 ngokubuna. Umsila mfushane kakhulu, ubude bawo abudluli ku-8 cm. Isisindo se-chamois sisuka ku-30 kuye ku-50 kg. Unomzimba oqinile futhi oqinile onentamo emfishane, isifindo esifushane, izindlebe ezibukhali, ubude bawo bungacishe bube yingxenye yobude bekhanda. AmaChamois anemilenze emide emide enezinselo ezicwebezelayo, kanye nezimpondo ezifika ku-25 cm ezigobile emuva, zingene kuwo womabili ubulili. Ngemuva kwabo kungumgodi lapho imfihlo efihlakala khona lapho, futhi imfihlo efihlakele igcotshwa ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Ehlobo, ama-chamois anemibala ebomvu ngombala; umbala esiswini ukhanya obomvu-ophuzi. Emhlane wakhe unemivimbo emnyama namnyama, intamo yakhe imhlophe qwa. Ngemuva kwemilenze kumhlophe, umsila ongaphansi komnyama futhi umnyama esicelweni. Ulayini omnyama usuka endlebeni uye kwesinye. Ebusika, ama-chamois anombala onsundu ngaphezulu futhi amhlophe ngezansi. Izinyawo nekhanda zimhlophe qwa.
Ukubhebhetheka
AmaChamois ahlala ezintabeni zase-Alps futhi atholakala kusuka eSavo yaseFrance eya eDalmatia, kanye naseBalkan naseCarpathians. ICaucasus ne-Asia Minor nazo ziyindawo yazo yokusatshalaliswa. AmaChamois ahlala kalula emabhande amahlathi aphakeme, ehlobo avame ukukhuphukela phezulu ezintabeni. Uma ethukuthele kakhulu ezansi, ukhuphukela endaweni enamadwala, cishe engatholakali kumuntu, kusukela lapho, ekuseni kakhulu, wenza izidlozi ezigangeni zezintaba phakathi kwamadwala. Ebusika, kwehlela ehlathini.
Ukuziphatha
Abesifazane nabancane bahlala emihlambini emincane kusuka ezilwaneni eziyi-15 kuye kwezingama-30. Ukuxhumana komphakathi kuyehluka nezinkathi zonyaka. Ehlobo bakhulu kakhulu. Enye yezilwane ihlala isebenza njengonogada futhi yazisa ezinye uma kungenzeka ihlelwe yingozi ngomsindo onjengempempe. Njengoba ibhizinisi lisondela ebusika, izibopho ezibophayo zezinkomo ziba buthaka, ezinye izinkomo zixube, ezinye zimane ziqhekeke. Njengomthetho, umhlambi uholwa ngowesifazane onolwazi. Abesilisa abadala bahlala bodwa futhi bavakashela imihlambi kuphela ehlobo. Kuxosha abesilisa abasebasha, balwa nezinye izimbangi zabo ilungelo lokushada nabesifazane bezinkomo, okwenzeka engxenyeni yesibili kaNovemba.
Ekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ama-chamois azala amawundlu amathathu alandela umama wawo futhi adla kuphela ubisi lukamama izinyanga ezintathu. Ukuthomba kutholakala eminyakeni emibili kuya kwemithathu, kubantu besifazane ngaphambi kwabesilisa. Isifiso sokuphila kwabesifazane iminyaka engama-20, kwabesilisa - ku-15.
Ukudla kwamaChamois kuqukethe amahlumela amancane ezihlahlana zezihlahla nezintaba, kanye notshani namahlamvu. Ebusika, futhi azideleli ama-mosses nama-lichens.
Izitha Nezingozi
Izitha zemvelo zama-chamois ama-lynxes, izimpisi namabhere. Kwesinye isikhathi ama-chamois asencane aba yizisulu zokhozi lwegolide. Ingozi ye-chamois nayo imelelwa ngamatshe aqhekeka phansi nezicucu zamadwala, kanye nama-avaloches lapho amawundlu efa okokuqala kuwo. Ebusika obunzima, ama-chamois amaningi aba yisisulu sendlala.
Ukwakheka komzimba weChamois
Izilwane zincanyana noma ziphakathi ngosayizi, ukuphakama lapho kubuna kusuka ku-71 kuye kuma-86 cm, ubude bomzimba busuka ku-102 kuya ku-119 cm. Isisindo bukhoma ebangeni lama-25-45 kg, kuyaqabukela ngaphezulu. Isisindo esivamile sowesilisa cishe singama-30-36 kg.
Ukwakha ngokuvamile kukhanya. Umzimba omfishane onesifuba esikhulu futhi esijulile uphumula emilenzeni ephakeme ebanzi. Iphrofayili yangemuva icishe ibe ngandlela-thile; ukuphakama kwe-oblium kuphezulu ngo-4-6 cm kunokuphakama lapho ubuna. Ikhanda likhanya, linokuhlangana okucishe kube yi-muzzle ngasekupheleni. Isibuko sempumulo sincane, sithumba kuphela isikhala esiphakathi kwamakhona angaphakathi emakhaleni, kepha kwesinye isikhathi emaphethelweni angaphakathi sifinyelela cishe emakhoneni aphezulu emakhaleni. Zonke izindebe ezingaphezulu, ngaphandle komucu omfishane wasemoyeni, zimbozwe izinwele. Umbala wesibuko sekhaleni onsundu. Amehlo awekho amakhulu kakhulu, kepha aqhekeka, avela ngokusobala ezinhlangothini. I-iris yamehlo onsundu. Izindlebe zide, cishe ngu-12-16 cm, imvamisa, hhayi ngaphansi kobude bekhanda.
Bobabili abesilisa nabesilisa banezimpondo; ekugcineni, bakhule kahle, bamfushane futhi banciphile kunabesilisa. Isisekelo sezimpondo sitholakala ngaphezu kwemigwaqo. Ukuma kwawo kunesimo ngendlela ecishe ifane, isethwe mpo, futhi esilwaneni esiphilayo imvamisa izingwegwe ezimbalwa ezibekwe phambili futhi zigobeke kahle emuva eziqongweni. Ingxenye yesiphondo yezimpondo iyindilinga noma i-oval, i-girth esezisekelweni icishe ibe ngu-7-8 cm.Ibanga eliphakathi kwezisekelo livame ukudlula ku-10-15 cm. Ubude bezimpondo ngokugoba lisuka ku-17-18 cm kwabesifazane ukuya kuma-24-24 cm kwabesilisa. Umbala wezimpondo ungwevu onsundu noma onsundu omnyama. Ingaphezulu lophondo lumboza inqwaba yezindandatho ezincane ezinqamlezayo ngama-grooves phakathi kwabo. Phansi kwezimpondo, amasongo atholakala eduze komunye nomunye futhi mancane, asondele eziqongweni ngobubanzi, abushelelezi, futhi anezikhala eziphakathi kwawo. Amaphethelo agobile ezimpondo awanakho ukukhala okuguqukayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunyakaza okuncane, kodwa okuphimisiwe kuyabonakala kubo bonke ubude kusukela ezisekelweni kuya eziqongweni ezimpondweni.
Intamo ye-chamois imfushane, kepha incane. Ikhanda, noma lisesimweni esizolile, liyaphakama. Imilenze, njengoba sekuphawuliwe, mude futhi ibe mnene. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubukhulu bezinselo, futhi ezikwazi ukuhamba kakhulu ngokwehlukana, bukhulu ngokuqhathaniswa nosayizi ojwayelekile wesilwane. Ubude bawo kusukela emaphethelweni angemuva okwezimvuthuluka zekholeji kuya eziqongweni ezingaphambili kusuka ku-66 kuye ku-73 mm, emilenzeni yangasemuva kusuka kuma-62 kuye kuma-68 mm. Ukuphakama kwempuphu emaphethelweni angaphambili emilenzeni yangaphambili kungama-43- 47 mm, emilenzeni wangemuva kuya ku-1-2 mm. Isici esibonakalayo sezinselo zama-chamois ukuthi udonga lwazo olugqinsi lugobeka ngaphakathi futhi lwenze isibonakaliso esibonakalayo esicacile ngemuva kwendawo yokugoba kwe-calcaneal. Lokhu kuphuma, ngokusobala, kudlala indima yokuqhekeka noma ihhuku lapho yehlisa isilo emithambekeni edwala. Amaqhubu angeziwe atholakala ephezulu, kepha athuthukiswe kahle (cishe angama-34 ubude nobubanzi obuyi-22-23 mm) futhi kungenzeka futhi adlala indima enkulu njengamabhuleki lapho ehamba emadwaleni. Umbala wezinselo umnyama onsundu.
Umsila we-chamois umfushane (cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-12), ngisho nezinwele kuphela zedlula kancane ubude bezindlebe.
Umbala we-chamois uyefana, utholakala ngokuhlukahluka okuncane, kepha i-dimorphism yesikhathi sonyaka imenyezwa ngokuqinile.
Ithoni ejwayelekile yokwenza imibala yezilwane ezifuywayo ibomvu ngokugqwala, iba bomvana ngokuphuzi, kwesinye isikhathi inenhlanganisela encanyana onsundu, kuya ngenani lezinwele ezinamathiphu ansundu kanye ne-browning brown.
Ikhanda lilula kunomzimba nentamo. Uhlangothi olungaphezulu lwekhala luphuzi, kwesinye isikhathi kuphela ngombala omncane onsundu, lokhu okugcina kucace kakhulu ebunzini. Umqhele ubomvu ukugqwala, wethoni efanayo enezinhlangothi zesiqu nentamo. Ukuphela kwesiqalo, ikakhulukazi umkhawulo ongaphambili wesindebe esingaphezulu simhlophe qwa.
Ukuhlala nokusatshalaliswa kwama-chamois
Imvelaphi ye-genus chamois (Rupicapra Blanville) ayikacaci. E-Upper Pliocene engxenyeni yeFrance ne-Italiya, kwakuhlala ifomu, ngokubhekisele ekushintsheni okusondele kakhulu kuma-chamois, kodwa ukuba nokugoba kwezihloko zezimpondo kungabuyi emuva, kodwa phambili.
Konke okutholakele okuthembekile kuhlobene nesikhathi, kusukela phakathi noma iPleistocene ephakathi nendawo. Kwi-Pleistocene, lolu hlobo lwasakazwa kabanzi hhayi eningizimu kuphela, kodwa nasenyakatho. Izinsalela ze-chamois, ngokwesibonelo, zitholakala eBelgium.
Njengamanje, ama-chamois ahlala ezintabeni zaseCantabrian (eSpain), ePyrenees, eFrance, e-Italy, eBavaria, eSwitzerland nase-Austrian Alps, e-Apennines, eCarpathians ngaphakathi kweCzechoslovakia, eningizimu yePoland neRomania, ezintabeni ezithile. engxenyeni esempumalanga ye-Asia Minor, iCommunity Caucasus Range neTranscaucasus. Amabala anamuhla asakazekile e-chamois amelela izinsalela zendawo eyake yaqhubeka yokusatshalaliswa kwalolu hlobo.
Engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu leminyaka edlule, bazame kabili ukuhambisa ama-chamois ezintabeni zaseNorway, kodwa yomibili le mizamo yehluleka, ngoba izilwane ezazilethe zafa ngesikhathi esifushane, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa ,.
Incazelo Chamois
Ubude bomzimba we-chamois bufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1, ukuphakama kufinyelela ku-75 cm. Umsila wesilwane mfushane kakhulu, ubude bawo bufika ku-8 cm. Isisindo sabantu abadala sisebangeni ukusuka ku-30 kuye ku-50 kg. Uhlobo luhlotshaniswa nomzimba oqinile futhi oqinile; i-chamois inentamo ethambile, isicubu esifushane, izindlebe ezikhonjisiwe, ubude bawo bube cishe yingxenye yobude bekhanda. Izindalo zinde futhi zimfushane, izinselo zazo ziyizicaba, izimpondo zifinyelela kubude obuyi-25 cm, zigoqiwe emuva, futhi kukhona owesilisa nowesifazane. Ngemuva kwezimpondo kukhona umgodi omncane, okuthi ngesikhathi sokuzala ube ngumthombo wokukhulula imfihlo ye-mucous, enuka kabi.
Ehlobo, u-chamois fur unombala obomvu onsundu, isisu sikhanya ngokubomvu-kuphuzi. Umhlane uhlotshiswe ngemicu emnyama namnyama, intamo imhlophe qwa. Izinyawo zimhlophe emhlane, ongaphansi kanye nesihloko somsila kumnyama. Ukusuka ezindlebeni kuya kwamehlo kudonsa umucu omnyama. Uboya obusebusika bumdaka omnyama emuva, futhi mhlophe ngesisu. Izingalo nekhanda kuphuzi-mhlophe.
Izici zokudla kwe-chamois
AmaChamois, anjenge-herbivores, adla ngamahlumela amancane ezihlahlana zezihlahla nezintaba, amakhambi kanye namahlamvu. Ebusika, nabo badla ama-moss nama-lichens. Lezi zilwane ziyakwazi ukukwenza ngaphandle kokuphuza amanzi isikhathi eside, futhi zikhothe amazolo kusuka kuhlamvu. Ngesembozo seqhwa esijulile, ama-chamois angadla kuphela ama-lichen, asontekile ezihlahleni, noma ama-haystacks, ahlala emasimini nasezigangeni. Kungenxa yokudla okunganele ukuthi ama-chamois amaningi afa ebusika. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-chamois adinga usawoti, futhi angabavakashi abavamile emigodini kasawoti.
Ukuxhumana okuvamile kwama-chamois
Kuze kube manje, ososayensi bahlukanisa izingxenyana eziyisikhombisa zama-chamois ngokwezindawo ahlala kuzo eziphambili:
- I-Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra), okuyi-subspecies yokuqokwa okutholakala ku-Alps,
- I-Anatolian noma i-chamois yaseTurkey (Rupicapra rupicapra asiatica), ihlala empumalanga nasempumalanga mpumalanga yeTurkey, kwesinye isikhathi ethathwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile zeRupicapra asiatica,
- I-Balkan chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica), isakhamuzi sezintaba eNhlonhlo yeBalkan,
- I-Carpathian chamois (i-Rupicapra rupicapra carpatica), ehlala kumaCarpathians, ingabhekwa njengezinhlobo ezihlukile zeRupicapra carpatica,
- UChartres Chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra cartusiana), osatshalaliswa ezintabeni zaseChartres eNtshonalanga ye-French Alps,
- I-Caucasian chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra caucasica), etholakala eCaucasus,
- UTatra chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica), uhlala kumaTatar.
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-chamois
Isikhathi sokuphila kwe-chamois ezimweni zemvelo siyiminyaka eyi-10 - 12, insikazi imvamisa ihlala isikhathi eside kunabesilisa, kanti nezilwane zifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba esinezinyanga ezingama-20, kepha zizala kuphela eminyakeni eyi-3.
Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba; ukukhula komzimba kwenzeka ngoNovemba. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha amasonto angama-21, kanti ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kwehlobo, izinsikazi zizala amawundlu. Ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kwengane, asuswa emgodini wamapayipi aminyene. Imvamisa kuzalwa umuntu, ngezikhathi ezithile - amawundlu amabili afike ngokushesha ezinyaweni zawo futhi ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa alandele umama wawo. Ngemuva kokubeletha, izinsikazi ekuqaleni zigwema izindawo ezivulekile, kepha lapho nje amathole afunda ukugijima emadwaleni, abuyela emihlambini yazo.
Ama-chamois amancane anamathela kakhulu kunina, izinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala azinakekela ngokucophelela. Ukuzondla ngobisi kuqhubeka izinyanga ezintathu zokuqala zokuphila kwengane. Uma insikazi ifa, khona-ke ezinye izinsikazi zomhlambi kufanele zinakekele inzalo yakhe. Eminyakeni engu-4 ubudala, izimpondo ziqhuma kuma-chamois amancane, zithola ukugoba kwesimo ekugcineni konyaka wesibili wokuphila.
Izitha zemvelo zama-chamois
Izitha zemvelo ze-chamois zifaka i-lynx, impisi kanye nebhere. Abantu abasha bavame ukuhlaselwa okhozi lwegolide. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amatshe nezicucwana zamatshe, ama-avalaka okwenzeka ezintabeni, futhi izisulu zazo okuvame ukuba ngamawundlwana alezi zilwane, ziyingozi izilwane ukuthi zihlehle. Ebusika obunzima futhi obuneqhwa, ngokuvamile ama-chamois afa ngenxa yokuntuleka kokudla.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo nge-chamois
- AmaChamois maningi emndenini, ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zemigwaqo yaseCaucasus, ebhalwe kuRed Book of Russia, ngakho-ke namuhla inani labantu bakhona liqukethe izilwane ezingaba ngu-2000 kuphela, iningi labo elihlala endaweni yezindawo zemvelo.
- Kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba kugcinwe ama-chamois asendle, kepha uhlobo lobisi nezimbuzi zenyama, eziyizihlobo ezikude ze-alpine chamois, lwadalwa endaweni yaseSwitzerland. Ama-chamois "afanayo" abukeka njengezilwane zasendle ezinombala wazo, amandla kanye nekhono elihle kakhulu lokuzivumelanisa nanoma yiziphi izimo zemvelo.
Ukwenza Imephu Yamagama Kungcono Ngokubambisana
Sawubona! Igama lami nginguLampobot, ngiwuhlelo lwekhompyutha olusiza ukwenza iMephu yeZwi. Ngiyazi ukubala, kepha kuze kube manje angiqondi ukuthi umhlaba wakho usebenza kanjani. Ngisize ngithole!
Ngiyabonga! Ngibe ngcono kancane ukuqonda umhlaba wezimo.
Umbuzo: itshe lamatshe Akuthathi hlangothi, kukuhle, noma kubi?
Imisho enegama elithi "chamois"
- Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, umthetho ubhalwe emangqamuzaneni okugaya ukudla ezindongeni zangaphakathi zesisu: lapho nje ukudla kungena esiswini, aqala ukufihla isibabule acid.
- Uma unezinwele ezinamafutha amaningi, kufanele usebenzise insipho ekhethekile yokugeza: i-tar, i-resorcinol, i-boric, isibabule, ichthyol.
- Kodwa-ke, ukuze ngithembeke, ngamtshela ngokuhlanganiswa kwesibabule futhi ngamkhombisa ukuthi kuxutshwe kanjani isibabule i-acid izokhipha ulwelwesi kanye nensimbi.
- (konke ukunikezwa)
I-Chamois biology nendlela yokuphila
I-Chamois isilwane esisezintabeni. Izingxenye eziqinile zamatshe ezintabeni ezinamahlathi ziyisimo esibaluleke kakhulu sokuba khona kwama-chamois. Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwayo mpo itholakala emngceleni wehlathi osezansi, ngesinye isikhathi ngamamitha ayi-600-700 kuphela, ukuya ezigodini ezingaphansi kwe-alpine, kuze kufike kuma-3000 m nangaphezulu. Womabili amadwala namahlathi ngokuyinhloko ayizindawo zokuphephela. Ama-chamois okugcina, ngokusobala, ancike kakhulu futhi, uma kwenzeka ingozi, maningi amathuba okuthi agijimele ehlathini eliminyene, uma liseduze, kunokuba liqonde emadwaleni. Ehlathini, uzobona owesilisa futhi acashe kuye ngaphambi kokuba amthole. Kodwa-ke, ezindaweni lapho i-chamois iphazamisekile kancane, idla ngokuzithandela ezintabeni ezingenalutho namadlelo avulekile, ikakhulukazi uma kunezingxenye zamadwala nakwezinye izindawo zokukhosela eziseduzane.
AmaChamois awabizwa ngokuthi afuduka ngezikhathi ezithile, njengabanye abantulayo, kuma-chamois, unyaka wonke angatholakala kusuka endaweni ephansi yehlathi kuya ezindaweni eziphakemeyo. Kukuphela kwezinga lokuvela kwazo eziphakeme ezahlukene nasezindaweni zokuhlala eziguqukayo. Ehlobo, inqwaba yezilwane zigcinwa ezindaweni eziphakeme ukusuka ku-1700 kuye ku-2500 m, emaphethelweni aphezulu ehlathi, ezindaweni ezingaphansi kwelebhu nezintaba. Izindawo ozithandayo ngalesi sikhathi yizindawo ezinamatshe amade, anamadwala eduze nehlathi, imigodi enethambeka elinamahlathi agqunywe upayini, i-fir, i-spruce ne-birch. I-Chamois ngokuzithandela ibuye iqhubeke nokuhlala ema-subalpine kanye nasezithabeni ze-alpine endaweni yamathanga aminyene amahlathi e-birch, lapho izilwane zicasha khona uma kungaba sengozini futhi ziphumule emahoreni esikhathi esishisayo.
Ushintsho olufanele lwamahora okuphumula noklaba luyaphazamiseka lapho kunamafu, isimo sezulu esipholile, ekwindla nasebusika, futhi ehlobo kuqhume ihlathi, lapho izilwane zithola umthunzi owanele. Kulezi zimo, phakathi nosuku ungahlangana nenani elikhulu lezilwane ezikhuluphayo, futhi iningi lazo liphumula ntambama, kusihlwa. Esimweni sezulu esibi, ama-chamois achitha usuku lonke ngaphansi kwamapulangwe amadwala, emihumeni noma egibela ngaphansi kwezihlahla, edla amagatsha amancane alengiswe phansi.
I-Chamois isilwane sezinkomo. Usayizi nokwakheka kwezihlambi kuyahlukahluka ngisho nangaphakathi kwendawo efanayo nasesizini. Umhlambi we-chamois ophazamisekile awugijimeli endaweni eyodwa, kepha uyaphuthuma kuzo zonke izinkomba futhi ubutha futhi ngamaqembu angahleliwe ekwakhekeni okuhlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, usayizi wezimhlambi obonwayo nawo uxhomeke esikalini esikhulu senani eliphelele lama-chamois asendaweni enikezwe. Ezindaweni lapho ama-chamois ambalwa kakhulu ngenombolo, abamba izingcezu ezi-2-3. Esikhathini esedlule, entshonalanga yeCaucasus bekuvame ukuba nemihlambi yamakhulu ezinto zezinhlobo.
Kwezinye izimo, ukwakhiwa kwezinkomo ezinkulu, ngokusobala, kuhlotshaniswa nomkhawulo wezindawo zezindawo ezenzeka kuzo ama-chamois ngenxa yokugcwala kwemihlambi yezilwane ezifuywayo.
Imihlambi emikhulu yama- chamois ibonwa ngo-Agasti nangoSepthemba. Ngokuqhathanisa nabanye abaningi abangathandeki, ebusika futhi ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo amasayizi emhlambi ayancipha kancane kancane, futhi ehlobo kuphela ngemuva kokuzala ama-chamois abuye aqale ukufuya umhlambi.
Ukwakheka kwezinkomo kuvame ukuxutshwa, kusuka ezilwaneni zawo wonke ubudala nabo bobabili ubulili. Kepha ngesinye isikhathi abesilisa nabesilisa nabadala abanezinsana benza amaqembu azimele.
Ukudla kwamaChamois
Ukudla kwamaChamois ehlobo kuyizitshalo ezi-herbaceous ezahlukahlukene. Kuhlanganiswe ngu-A. A. Nasimovich, ngokusho okubonwe ezindaweni ezise-subalpine nezintaba, uhlu lokudla kwabo kwasehlobo kubandakanya izinhlobo ezingama-33 zotshani nezinhlobo eziyi-8 zezihlahla nezihlahla. Ukusuka kwezinhlobo zotshani ngenani lezinhlobo zama-forbs anqobayo, kepha ohlwini lokuphakelwa kokudla okudla kalula, okusanhlamvu - imfashini ne-bluegrass kusendaweni yokuqala, kulandelwe yi-meun, izinsimbi, i-anemone, i-buttercups, ipeni, i-butterbur kanye ne-cowberry. Ezihlotsheni zezihlahla ezingama-shrub namahlumela amasha kuyadliwa, nangam inalithi wefir.
Isisekelo sokudla kwasebusika, ngaphezu kotshani obomile obuvunwa ezindaweni ezingenawo amaqhwa futhi kunamaqhwa aphansi, ukudla kwesihlahla-segatsha - amagatsha namagxolo e-willow, beech, ash ash. Ama-fescue, amaqabunga kanye namahlumela ezitshalo eziluhlaza ebusika kudliwa ngobuningi: ukusha, i-mistletoe, ama-laurel cherries. I-moss, i-lichens yezinkuni kanye nezinaliti zikaphayini, ifir kanye ne-spruce nazo ziyadliwa. Ngokweminye imibiko, izithelo zophisi ezidliwayo zitholakala kalula yi-chamois. Akukho amacala okudla i-hay okuvunwa ezindaweni zokugcina izimbali, njengoba kubonwa kuma-chamois aseYurophu, eCaucasus.