- Okujwayelekile sekugcwele ezweni laseYurophu, eningizimu yeSiberia kuya eLake Baikal, eningizimu yeMpumalanga Ekude.
- IWatermark isivele itholakala eningizimu yeYurophu, ezifundeni eziseningizimu yeRussia ne-Ukraine, eTranscaucasia naseCentral Asia.
- UColchis, noma inhloko-enkulu, usuvele uhlala eNtshonalanga Transcaucasia nasezithendeni ezansi zeKrasnodar Territory yaseRussia.
- I-Viper isivele ihlala emazweni aseNingizimu neMedithera YaseMedithera.
Okujwayelekile inezimpawu zokukhanya eziphuzi ekhanda, okubizwa ngokuthi "izindlebe eziphuzi", nombala wokumaka ungaba mhlophe noma owolintshi.
Izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa, kwesinye isikhathi zifinyelela kubude obungafika kumamitha ayi-1.5. Bondla ikakhulu ngamasele, inhlanzi, namagundane. Izitha zezinyoka ezijwayelekile izingwamza, izinyoni ezidla inyama, nezilwane ezincelisayo ezidla izinyamazane.
Lolu hlobo lwezinyoka lukhula kahle ekuthunjweni. Ngale ndlela, eBelarus nase-Ukraine, zivame ukugcinwa ekhaya ukubhubhisa amagundane.
Okujwayelekile impela ayinalo ulaka! Vele, lapho ibonwa indoda, izama ukubaleka icashe. Uma ebanjiwe, uphonsa ngamawala aze aphonse ikhanda phambili, akuqabile ukuluma, ukulunywa kwakhe akunangozi ebantwini.
Ngo-Ephreli, inkathi yokuzalela iqala enyokeni. NgoJulayi - Agasti, abesifazane bamatasa bafuna izidleke lapho kungabekwa khona amaqanda. Futhi ngo-Okthoba - Novemba, izinyoka ezijwayelekile zingena ezindaweni ezisebusika ebusika.
Amanzi vele ayinazo izimpawu zesikhashana se-orange-orange. Endaweni yabo kukhona indawo emnyama enjenge-L, umbala uvame ukuba womnqumo ngamaphethini wezindawo ezimnyama ahlelwe kuphethini lokuhlola.
Kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala abantu abangabamnyama kakhulu noma abangabodwa be-monophonic olive. Amasayizi wenyoka yamanzi asukela ku-1,3 m kuya ku-1,6 m, izintokazi zikhulu kunabesilisa.
Amanzi vele asebenzisa isikhathi esithe xaxa ezitolo zokugcina amanzi, kusawoti nakusha. Lenhlobo idla kakhulu izinhlanzi, kwesinye isikhathi ama-amphibians. Ichitha ubusuku emhlabeni, kuthi ekushisweni kwelanga lishone elangeni, iya endaweni yokugcina amanzi ngokuzingela.
Ake sibheke ividiyo, njengoba ngangibambe inhlanzi
Ebambe inyamazane, uyayidonsela ogwini, lapho igwida khona lonke.
Izitha eziyinhloko izinyoni ezidla inyama, izilwane ezincelisayo, izingulube nezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka.
Indoda yasemanzini ayinalo ulaka, ibona abantu, izama ukucasha emanzini ngokushesha okukhulu. Ikuluma kakhulu, futhi ngemuva kokulunywa yecala lokuvuvukala noma ukutheleleka isilonda akunakwenzeka, ngoba amathe ayo anezinto ezingamagciwane.
Ubusika bamanzi busemhlabeni, isikhathi sokuzalela siqala ngo-Ephreli-Meyi, izinyoka ezincane ziyavela ngoJulayi-Agasti.
Kolkhizhsky , inomehluko owodwa ovela kwezinye izinhlobo zezinyoka, inomzimba omkhulu obukhulu, ikhanda elibanzi nelikhulu elinemikhono enwetshiwe yepharietali ne-frontal, indawo yokusiza yekhanda, nosayizi omkhulu wamaqanda abekiwe.
Umbala wesikhumba umnyama onsundu.
Ngobude, lukhula lube ngamamitha ayi-1.5. Ihlala emahlathini, izimbotshana ezibuyiselwe emuva, izigodi zemifula, izihlambi zezikhukhula ezigcwala izindawo zokugcina amanzi, amadlelo namadlelo aqubuke endaweni yamahlathi.
UKolkhizhsky udla izinhlanzi nama-amphibians, ngokubona komuntu unamahloni njengomndeni wonke wezinyoka, ukulunywa kwakhe akunabo ubuthi futhi akuyona ingozi.
Ubusika buqala ngoSepthemba-December kuya kuMashi - Ephreli. Entwasahlobo nasekwindla kusebenza kakhulu ntambama, ehlobo - kusihlwa.
Lolu hlobo lufakiwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yeKrasnodar Territory kanye neNcwadi Yezwe Emnyama.
I-Viper vele , eqanjwe kanjalo ngenxa yokubonakala kwayo, ibukeka kakhulu njengenyoka.
Iphethini ye-zigzag ngemuva, enamabala afana namehlo, ifana nombala wenyoka. Ekugcineni, inyoka isivele ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1. Izinsikazi zikhulu kunabesilisa.
Ihlala ezungeze amachibi, eduze nemifula ezolile, amachibi amasha nanosawoti. Idla ubuhlalu, amasele, ama-tadpoles, ama-earthworms.
Sheds viper izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezine ngonyaka.
Bhalisela kuIsiteshi sami sezinkomo , phambi kwemininingwane eminingi ethokozisayo ngezilwane.
Inhlanhla kuwo wonke umuntu, ukukubona!
Ngiyayithanda , ukukala indaba yethu ngezinyoka.
Incazelo
Ubude bomzimba obukhulu obunomsila kubantu obuqoshwe esifundeni Saratov bufika ku-1095.0 mm. Emadodeni avuthiwe, umsila ungama-3.83-4.35, kanti kwabesifazane izikhathi ezingama-4,25-5.87 mfushane kunomzimba. Ikhanda limbozwe ngezihlangu ezinkulu, ezicijile njalo, ubude bezikali zangaphambi kokuqala bukhulu kunobubanzi bazo. I-parietal inkulu kakhulu, i-6.0-8.9 ubude nangu-4.5-6.0 mm ububanzi. Ububanzi be-scutellum yangaphambili bulingana nobude bayo izikhathi eziyi-1.16-1.41. I-Florbital flaps - 1 (98.1%) noma i-2 (1.9%), i-postorbital - 1 (1.7%), 2 (5.1%) noma i-3 (96.2%). Amapheshana wesikhashana kulayini wokuqala angabili noma amathathu. Izikopelo ze-labial ezingaphezulu, njengomthetho, i-7-8, inciphise kakhulu i-6 noma i-9 isikali se-Dorsal enezimbambo ezingabonakali, i-lateral bushelelezi. Cishe maphakathi nomzimba emgqeni owodwa 19, ngaphansi kwesilinganiso se-17 noma i-18. Isihlangu se-anal sihlukaniswe.
Ingaphezulu lomzimba liyimpunga emnyama, umnqumo ube mnyama. Kukhona amabala amakhulu, kwesinye isikhathi amhlophe noma aphuzi ezinhlangothini zekhanda. Ububanzi bendawo enjalo, obuhambisana nobubanzi besilinganiso esisodwa, buphawulwe ku-9.3% wabantu, amabili - 73.1%, amathathu noma ngaphezulu - 5.7%, kanye no-12.7% wamabala awekho. Abantu abajwayelekile kakhulu abanobude bendawo olingana nobude bezikali ezi-2-6 (imvamisa 4). Umbala wesisu nesitho sangaphakathi somsila ubonakala ngokuhlukahluka kwephethini, okunqunywa ngokuhlukahluka kwenhlanganisela yamabala amnyama kwizikena kanye nesimo sokubonakaliswa komucu omude we-longitudinal white.
Kulezi zindawo eziyisishiyagalolunye ezaziwa njengenyoka ejwayelekile esifundeni saseRtishchevsky, kubhaliswe okuyi-subspecies N. n. natrix (ULinnaeus, 1758).
Ukubhebhetheka
Sekuyinsakavukela kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ngaphandle kwezifunda ezilinganayo neziqhelile. Ihlala nasezifundeni eziseningizimu yeSiberia iye eLake Baikal nasentshonalanga neMpumalanga Ekude.
Ukusatshalaliswa nokusatshalaliswa kwenyoka ejwayelekile esifundeni seSaratov akuhlukaniseki futhi kuhlanganiswe ikakhulu ezindaweni ezinomswakama wezindawo ezi-intrazonal; ezihubhayo zivimbela izikhala ezomile ezivulekile kanye nama-agrocenoses. Isitholakala yonke indawo emabhange asendaweni efanele yesifunda, izinkomba eziphakeme zokuqoshwa zibhalwe ezigodini zeVolga, Khopra, iMedveditsa nemifudlana yazo - iTereshka, Chardyma, Atkara, Karaya kanye nezinye. / km² (ngemvelo yesiqhingi sendawo engenhla yedolobha leVolgograd) kuze kufike ku-195 ind. / km² (ngenxa yezikhukhula zemifula yeKhoper neMedveditsa).
Esifundeni saseRtishchevsky, uTretyak waphawulwa esigangeni.
Imikhuba yendlela yokuphila
Izindawo ezihlala kuzo izinhlobo zalezi zinhlobo zingamahlathi amahlathi, ukuwa okugcwele kakhulu, izihlahla ezibunjiwe ngasogwini lolwandle kanye nemithambeka yokwehlisa izinhlelo zezigodi. Zivame kakhulu ezikhukhuleni ezimanzi ezinotshani obuhlukahlukene, ngasemngceleni wehlathi noma ezifakwe ngezihlahla.
Ezimweni zesifunda seSaratov, izinyoka ezisebenzayo ziyaqashelwa kusukela engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi kuya maphakathi no-Okthoba. Ukuvela kwabo kokuqala kuphawulwe engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi - ingxenye yokuqala ka-Ephreli. Kodwa-ke, ukubukeka kwabo okukhulu enyakatho yesifunda, njengomthetho, kuwela engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli, naseningizimu - ngeshumi lesithathu lika-Mashi - ingxenye yokuqala ka-Ephreli.
Inyoka ejwayelekile ingabonakala isebenza kuphela ngesikhathi sosuku, noma ngabe isiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Ngentwasahlobo nasekwindla, umjikelezo womsebenzi wenyoka ungubuso obuncane, futhi ehlobo, lapho iziqongo zasekuseni nakusihlwa zihlukaniswa, iba yiziqongo ezimbili.
Amazinga okushisa angaphansi komhlaba ngaphansi kwezikhathi zomsebenzi omkhulu wezinyoka ziyehluka entwasahlobo ukusuka ku-+12.4 kuya ku-+26.1 ° C futhi ehlobo ukusuka ku-+16.6 kuya ku- +28.4 ° C, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa lomzimba wawo elingunxele li isuka ku- +14.8 kuya ku- +32.8 ° C futhi isuka ku- +24.8 iye ku- + 34.3 ° C, ngokulandelana. Ngakho-ke, ukuthembela kokushisa komzimba wenyoka ejwayelekile ekushiseni kwemvelo ngesikhathi somsebenzi wabo kuyinkathi ethile yezinkathi. Izinyoka zisebenza ebusweni ngesikhathi sasemini emazingeni okushisa enhlabathi okungenani +12 ° C. Entwasahlobo, ukuphuma kwezinyoka ezindaweni zokukhosela kubonwa kumazinga okushisa asondele kuleli zinga. Ehlobo, lapho ubuncane bezinga lokushisa elingaphezulu komhlabathi buphawuleka kakhulu kunobuncane bokuzithandela, izinyoka ziya ezindaweni ezinomthunzi futhi ezinomswakama ezinesimo esizinzileyo sokuxhuma kokuhlukahluka okuncane.
Lapho kuvela izinyoka ezindlini zokukhosela ngemuva kokuncipha kokushisa, izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo kuqala ukukhuphuka kancane, bese kancane kancane linciphe kuze kube yilapho ezihuquzelayo zishiya indawo yokukhosela ebusuku. Lokhu kuziphatha sekuhlangene nekhono le-thermoregulatory: ukugwema ukushisa ngokweqile endaweni eyodwa yokukhosela, kuyangena kwesinye, kube nezimo ezinhle. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi wezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezimweni zasenyakatho esifundeni seLower Volga kwenzeka ekushiseni komzimba okuphezulu kancane kunelezinga lokushisa elikhona, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa lisuka ku-+25.0 liye ku +31.0 ° C kufanele libhekwe njengelingene.
Isikhathi sokuzalela ezinyokeni ezejwayelekile kuqala ngemuva nje kokushiya izindawo zokugcina ubusika, imvamisa engxenyeni yokuqala kaMeyi. Ngenkathi yokuzalela, lezi zinyoka zakha amaqoqo amashumi amaningana abantu. Ukufakwa kweqanda kugcinwa kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaJuni kuze kube yingxenye yesibili kaJulayi. Imibandela yokuthuthuka nokungenisa amaqanda iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezimo zemvelo zendawo yokuhlala yezilwane kanye nezinkomba zesimo sezulu sonyaka. Inani lamaqanda ku-clutch liyahluka kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-19: ubukhulu bawo ngu-15.2-19.8 × 25,7- 33.2 mm. Ukuhlanganiswa ngokuhlanganyela kuyaziwa, kudalwe kwenye yezindawo ezithandwa kakhulu ngabesifazane abaningana, kule ndawo ungathola amaqanda ambalwa. Njengesisekelo sendawo yokubeka izinyoka, umquba noma ukubola kwesisindo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokukhosela kuyathandwa. Kulokhu, esikhathini esiningi, izindawo zokukhosela ezinjengalezi ziyizigaxa ezibolile, imfucumfucu yesitshalo ebolile, izigaxa zezinyoni ezilahliwe, njengezimbotshana zasogwini, izinyosi zegolide. Isikhathi sokufakwa ekufukweni okushisa kakhulu +23.5 kuya ku-+31.9 ° C kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-33-41 (isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-35.1).
Ukuvela kwezingane ezinonyaka wobude obuyi-151.4-185.0 no-36.0-51.1 mm we-trunk nomsila, ngokulandelanayo, futhi enesisindo esingu-6.0-9.1 g, kubhekwe kusukela engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa abazelwe bavame ukuba mkhulu kunezintokazi. Ngemuva kwe-molt yokuqala ngosuku 49, izinyoka ezincane ziqala ukuzingela ngentshiseko, eziningi zazo zikhula kungakapheli izinyanga eziyi-1-2, zengeza ukuya ku-18 - 29 mm ngalesi sikhathi. Ubude bomzimba bonyaka ngaphambi kokuhamba ubusika bufika ku-181.2-211.0 mm. Ukwenza ubusika kwenzeka ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba - ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.
Ukuvuthwa emadodeni kwenzeka okwesithathu, kuthi abesifazane kube ngonyaka wesine wokuphila. Ubude obuncane babantu abavuthiwe ngokocansi cishe buyi-50 cm.
Okujwayelekile sekuvele kuselula kakhulu: kukhasa masisha, kukhuphuka izihlahla kahle futhi kubhukuda kahle. Uthola ukudla kaningi ogwini kunasemanzini. Akasibuli isisulu, kodwa uyigwinya iphila ngokushintsha ukunyakaza kwemihlathi engezansi, kaningi kusuka ekhanda, yize kunezikhathi lapho inyamazane ibanjwa yilungu lomlenze wasemuva noma enye ingxenye yomzimba. Uma kwenzeka ingozi, isivele ibambe inyamazane futhi, njengomthetho, iyabaleka. Njengendlela yokuzivikela, ikhipha uketshezi ngephunga elinamandla elizisolayo, elikhipha ku-cloaca, futhi, ekugcineni, ingahlala inganyakazi isikhathi eside, ilingisa ukufa. Ukufuduka kuyaziwa ukuthi kuhlobene nokuzala entwasahlobo, nasekwindla, lapho kuseshwa izindawo zobusika; kwesinye isikhathi bathuthela isikhathi esifushane beyofuna ukudla. Njengezindawo zokukhosela, izinyoka zisebenzisa izikhala ngaphansi kwezingodo, amatshe, imisele yokubopha. Zihlala endaweni efanayo, ezijulile kuphela, kwesinye isikhathi ekwakhiweni.
Umsoco
Isibuko sokudla okusobala kwezinyoka ezejwayelekile sihluke kakhulu, kepha ama-amphibians ukudla okuthandwa kakhulu - akha ama-75.0% enani lezilwane ezivuniweyo kanye nama-86.0% we-biomass esetshenzisiwe. Imvamisa yokuvela kwamagundane wegundane incane kakhulu, konke okunye okuphakelayo - amaphuphu, inhlanzi kanye nezinambuzane - kukhona ekudleni ngamanani alinganiselwe, ikakhulukazi ku-biomass (cishe 2%). Phakathi kwama-amphibians, isele lesichibi libusa ngokusobala, kanti okuluhlaza okudala kukhona isele elibhekene nobuso obukhali neselesi eluhlaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoka zingakwazi "ukushintshela" ezifweni ezingabizi kakhulu futhi ziningi, lapho inani elikhulu lamagundwane anjengegundane libonakala ezindaweni ezinomkhawulo.
Ukudla kwansuku zonke kwezinyoka kuyehluka kakhulu. Isibalo esikhulu sokudla esiswini senyoka (isisindo somzimba esingu-329,4 g), esabanjwa ngoJulayi 12, 1984, sasingama-72.8 g .. Isisu sasiqukethe amasele ama-2 echibi (69,8 g) nama-tadpoles ama-4 (3 g). Kodwa-ke, njengomthetho, usayizi wokuqukethwe esiswini awudluli ku-40-50 g. Kwizinyoka eziningi ezifundiwe, kwakukhona kuphela ichibi elilodwa echibini esiswini elinesisindo somzimba esingu-21,2 kuya ku-41.7 g. evumelana kahle namandla abo okukhula. Ngo-Agasti, umfutho wokondla izinyoka ezejwayelekile uyawohloka, ngalesi sikhathi into esemqoka yokuzingela izinyoka iyixoxo.
Izici nomkhawulo
Izitha zemvelo zenyoka ejwayelekile izinyoni (ama-heron amakhulu amhlophe nampunga, isidlo senyoka, ikati elimnyama) nezilwane ezincelisayo (impungushe ejwayelekile, i-corsac, i-badger).
Okujwayelekile kungenye yezinhlobo ezijwayelekile zesifunda seSaratov, futhi kwezinye izindawo kufinyelela inani eliphakeme. Izinhlobo azidingi izindlela zokuvikela ezikhethekile.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: Okuvamile
Umndeni omkhulu waleso osuhlanganisiwe ufaka izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zazo zonke izinyoka ezihlala emhlabeni. Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi ojwayelekile ungomunye wabamele lo mfo wezinyoka. Lokhu okuphilayo akuyona into enobuthi, ngakho-ke kuphephile ngokuphelele kubantu.
Imvamisa abantu bathatha inyoka ngenxa yenyoka eyingozi, kepha kukhona umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwabo:
- amabala akhanyayo engxenyeni ye-occipital yekhanda akhombisa ukuthi ngaphambi kwakho,
- Umzimba wenyoka muhle ngokwedlulele - umugqa futhi ubude bawo bude kunenyoka,
- izinyoka ziyehluka ngesimo sekhanda, enyoka ifana ne-oval, kanti kuyi-sner - unxantathu,
- Ngokwemvelo, izinyoka azinayo imicu enobuthi (kodwa ngeke uyibone ngaso leso sikhathi),
- izinyoka zitholakala zibheke phezulu (njengasemakati), kanti ezinyoka zibukeka njengezinduku.
Uma wehla ngokujulile, ungathola izibonakaliso eziningi ezihlukile, kepha zonke ngeke zibonakale kumuntu olinganiselayo futhi ngeke zidlale noma yiliphi iqhaza ekuhlanganyeleni nesilwane esisodwa noma esinye esidabukisayo.
Ividiyo: Okuvamile
Abantu sebesazi isikhathi eside, bengakaze bazithole ngenhloso, njengezilwane ezifuywayo, ngoba babhekana nezimpundane ezicasulayo ngaphandle kwamakati. Kusukela ezikhumbuzweni zesikhathi eside, abantu base-Ukraine babekholelwa ukuthi ukulimala okwenziwe kakade kubangela ukuba owonile ehluleke, ngakho-ke, lezi zinyoka azikhungathekiswa noma zaxoshwa ezindlini ezingemuva.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Isivele idume kakhulu ukuthi kukhona ngisho nomuzi wase-Ukraine owabizwa ngemuva kwakhe, yi-Uzhgorod, esentshonalanga yezwe.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Isithombe: Inyoka Ejwayelekile
Ubude obuphakathi benyoka, imvamisa abudluli ngaphezu kwemitha eyodwa, kepha kukhona izifinyezo ubude bazo bufika kumitha elilodwa nesigamu. Isici sesidlo sakusihlwa esibonakaliswe ngaphambili ngesimo sezindawo ezimbili ezakhiwe ngokuma kwezimpawu ezitholakala ekuguqulweni kwekhanda emzimbeni.
Zilinganiswe ngohlaka olumnyama futhi zingaba:
- iwolintshi
- uphuzi kancane
- ulamula okhanyayo
- mhlophe.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Kukhona izinyoka ezejwayelekile lapho amabala akhanyayo esifundeni se-occipital engekho khona ngokuphelele noma kuvezwe buthaka kakhulu. Phakathi kwezinyoka kukhona zombili ama-albino nemiculo.
Ingxenye yenyoka ingaba mpunga futhi ibe mnyama, icishe ibe mnyama, kwesinye isikhathi iba ne-olive noma i-brownish tint. Uma ithoni isivele ingwevu, khona-ke amabala ama-shades amnyama angabonakala kuyo. Isisu sesilwane esidabukisayo silula futhi sivezwe umucu omnyama, welula cishe i-chin.Ikhanda le-oval lalenyoka limile ngokusemuva kwesizinda somzimba ngokuhlangana okuhle kwentamo. Umsila we-reptile mfushane amahlandla ama-3 kuye kwangama-5 amafushane kunomzimba. Abahlinzeki besilisa bancane kakhulu kunabesifazane.
Uma ungena encazelweni ephelele yenyoka ejwayelekile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ikhanda layo limbozwe ngemikhawulo emile eyi-sikwele: parietal, preorbital, postorbital, temporal, labial and one frontal. Izikali ezisogwini lwe-reptile ziklebhu, futhi ezinhlangothini zibushelelezi. Emjikelezweni wengxenye yomzimba ephakathi (emgqeni owodwa), angaba ngu-19, 18 noma 17.
Kakade: incazelo, isakhiwo, isimilo Kubukeka kanjani?
Ubukhulu bezinyoka bungaba zombili izinyoka ezincane kusuka ku-15 cm ubude, futhi izinyoka ezinkulu kakhulu ezinobude obungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-3,5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokujabulisayo, izinyoka zabesifazane zihlala zikhulu ngokubonakalayo kunabesilisa.
Ikhanda lenyoka lilincane kanti kwezinye izinhlobo zazo livikelekile ngezihlangu ezihlelwe zenziwe ngamabili. Umzimba walenyoka umncane futhi umbozwe esikalini, kanti kwezinye izinhlobo ubushelelezi, kanti kwezinye unezimbambo ezinde. Amehlo akhe asendleleni, futhi abafundi bakhe bayindilinga.
Umsila usuvele umfushane kunomzimba wonke amahlandla ama-3-5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ingaba nesimo esihlukile: esiyindilinga, ebukhali noma emaweni.
Kepha amazinyo enyoka athembele kakhulu kuhlobo lwayo, ezinyoka ezahlukahlukene angahluka kakhulu ngobuningi, ukwakheka nosayizi. Ngokuvamile, ezinyoka eziningi zibukhali, zijulile futhi zingagudluki. Kepha ngaphezu kwalokhu, izazi zezilwane ziye zathola kwezinye izinyoka amazinyo abushelelezi anesihlahla esivame ukugoba lapho kudliwa ukudla okulukhuni. Ngaphandle kwamazinyo, umlomo nawo unolimi oluyinqwaba.
Bahlala kuphi abajwayelekile?
Isithombe: Sekujwayelekile
Kakade ojwayelekile usekhethe cishe yonke i-Europe, kuphela enyakatho ngeke uhlangane naye, akahlali e-Arctic Circle. Ensimini yezinsimbi ezisenyakatho, kusatshalaliswa kusuka eKarelia kuya eSweden. Eningizimu, wayehlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yezwekazi lase-Afrika, wafika eSahara ebabazekayo. I-Iberian Peninsula kanye neBritish Isles ziyizindawo zasentshonalanga zasendaweni yayo. Ukusuka empumalanga, uhla lufika enkabeni yeMongolia, engxenyeni esenyakatho yeChina neTransbaikalia. Ezweni lethu, kungabizwa ngokuthi owedume kakhulu kunazo zonke izinto ezihuquzelayo.
Izinyoka ezijwayelekile zijwayela izindawo ezihluke ngokuphelele, izindawo zemvelo kanye namathafa endawo. Enye yezimo ezibaluleke kakhulu yobukhona babo obuntofontofo ukuba khona eduze kwedamu, okungcono ngenkambo ebuthakathaka noma ngaphandle kwayo nhlobo.
- ezindaweni ezimanzi
- emaphethelweni ehlathi
- ehlathini kaningi
- izikhukhula
- izigaba ze-steppe
- ezintabeni,
- ezimeleni ezimanzi
- ehlathini
- izindawo ezisogwini zezindikimba zamanzi ezahlukahlukene,
- izindawo eziphakemeyo.
Izinyoka zabantu ezijwayelekile azinamahloni futhi zihlala kumapaki amadolobha, ngaphansi kwamabhuloho, emadamini amadala. Ezindaweni zasemakhaya, izinyoka zingahlala khona lapho kuphekwe inkukhu noma esibayeni, endaweni eyi-sennik, emiphongolweni, esitebeleni, e-woodcutter, lapho izizwa imnandi khona. Izinyoka zingahlela okokuphephela kwazo emgodini, phakathi kwezimpande zezihlahla, emgodini, endaweni eshiswa kuyo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Kunezimo lapho izinyoka zihlala epulazini lasemakhaya zibeka amaqanda azo ezidlekeni ezingenalutho zamadada nezinkukhu.
Manje sesiyazi ukuthi inyoka yethu enobuthi ihlala kuphi. Manje ake sibheke ukuthi yini evamile emvelweni nokuthi kungakanani ukudla okudinga ukuhlala isikhathi sokuphumula.
Zihlala kuphi izinyoka?
Izinyoka zihlala endaweni ebanzi kakhulu yezwe, ngakho-ke zihlala cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu, ziye e-Arctic Circle, ingxenye ebalulekile ye-Asia. Zingatholakala naseNyakatho naseMelika Ephakathi, e-Afrika, eziqhingini eziningi ze-Oceania, futhi uhlobo olulodwa lwezinyoka luhlala ngisho nase-Australia ekude. Futhi-ke, izinyoka zitholakala kalula emahlathini ethu, ngokuvamile, zivame ukuhlala ezindaweni ezinomswakama lapho kukhona khona amanzi eduze: amachibi, imifula, amachibi, imigodi. Yize kunezinyoka zasogwadule ezihlala ezindaweni eziwugwadule nezihlabathi.
Yini edla okujwayelekile?
Isithombe: Inyoka enobuthi - ejwayelekile
Imenyu yenyoka ejwayelekile ingabizwa ngokuhlukahluka. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, liqukethe amasele.
Ngaphezu kwabo, kungaba nokudla okulula ngempela:
- isililo
- isinaphi
- tadpoles
- gazinga inhlanzi
- newt,
- izinyoni ezintsha ezisanda izidleke zazo,
- amagundane amanzi wezingane
- izinduku ezincane
- izinambuzane nezibungu zazo.
Ukudla okuyimifino akufakiwe ekudleni kwesidlo sakusihlwa, nakho akudli okwe-carrion, kepha bethanda ubisi, bathandwa kakhulu ngabathunjwa. Kwesinye isikhathi izilo zasendle zidlubhekela iphunga lobisi olusha, olishiywa yizakhamizi ngemuva kokuncelisa inkomo esitalini samakati.
Ngenkathi kudotshwa, izinyoka zilinda ngokubekezela inyamazane yazo, zibambe ngokushesha, ngokushesha nje lapho inhlanzi ingena emanzini ayifinyelela emkhakheni lapho ifinyelela khona. Ukuphishekelwa kwamaxoxo kwenziwa ezimweni zomhlaba. Isidlakela sezinhlanzi siginywa ngaso leso sikhathi, kodwa ngesele kufanele sithuke, ngoba uyamelana futhi alwele ukushiya phansi. Umlomo wenyoka unamandla okwelula kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngisho namacele asindayo nezinswelaboya zidonswa ngempumelelo.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Omunye umuntu wemvelo waseJalimane njengokuhlolwa akazange anondle inyoka yokuhlola izinyanga eziyi-10. Lapho edla okokuqala ngemuva kokulwa isikhathi eside yindlala, bobabili nesisu sakhe bazizwa, ngokumangazayo, kulungile.
Ngemuva kokudla isikhathi eside, kuqhamuka ikhefu lezinsuku ezinhlanu, okuthatha ukugaya konke okudliwayo. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela okukodwa, kungavele kuthathe amasele amaningi nemishubhu ngokungeziwe, ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokudla, iba mubi futhi ibe buthuntu. Uma njengamanje kunanoma yisiphi isitha esiseduze, kufanele ususe ukudla okudliwayo ukuze usheshe futhi ube yiselula.
Ingabe kuyingozi kubantu?
Abantu abahlala ezinkulisa zethu abanangozi ngokuphelele kubantu. Akuzona ezinobuthi, ngaphandle kwalokho azikwazi ukuluma nhlobo, okuphezulu kakhulu ezingakwenza ukushaya isikhumba kancane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho umuntu esondela, zonke izinyoka zizama ukucasha ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi zingaluma kuphela ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, uma ziqhutshwa ekhoneni. Kunoma ikuphi, imihuzuko ekhanyayo ebangelwa inyoka iphola ngokushesha. Ngokwakhe, lapho ebanjwa ngumuntu njengendlela yokuzivikela, uzozama ukulingisa ukufa kwakhe, umzimba wakhe uzogiya futhi uyeke ukunyakaza, kepha uma esekhululiwe, umuntu ofileyo we-pseudo uzophila ngokushesha futhi azicashe ehlathini.
Kuliqiniso, futhi kunezinhlobo zezinyoka ezingaba yingozi, zifaka ihlosi noma umdobi, zinamazinyo anobuthi ngemuva komhlathi futhi ukulunywa kwazo kungadala ukuvuvukala noma nokufa.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Okuvamile
Kuyasebenza ngesikhathi sasemini, futhi ebumnyameni ukhetha indawo yokuhlala yakhe ecashile. Ojwayelekile ukhulile kakhulu futhi agile. Ijubane lokuhamba kwalo emhlabeni lingafinyelela kumakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili ngehora. Ezihlahleni, futhi uhamba kahle. Izinto zamanzi zenyoka ziyindlela eyintandokazi, isebenza njengomthombo oyinhloko wobungqabavu besilwane sasendle. Ngisho negama lesiLatini elithi natrix, elinikezwe ososayensi vele, lihunyushwa ngokuthi “ukubhukuda”.
Ukubhukuda okuvela enyoka kuhle kakhulu. Ukungena ngaphakathi kwikholomu yamanzi, ingahlala lapho cishe imizuzu engama-20, ebusweni ibhukuda amabanga ahlaba umxhwele kakhulu. Ubhukuda, njengazo zonke izinyoka, zibheke phezulu, sisonga umzimba wakhe oguquguqukayo.
Iqiniso elihehayo: O, uthanda ukubhukuda futhi umunca amanzi amaningi. Imvamisa kuyintanta ogwini lwesichibi, kepha kuye kwaba nezimo lapho izinyoka zitholakala emachibini amakhulu ngisho nolwandle ngamashumi amakhilomitha ukusuka ogwini.
Uyathanda, njengenye inyoka eningi, ukuthambisa ilanga, ukhwele ngezinsuku ezicacile nelinelanga eziphakeme. Ukuqala kokuqala ubusika bezinyoka ku-Okthoba-Novemba. Imvamisa, izinyoka zilala ngokuhlangene (abantu abaningana ngamunye), yize ezinye zithanda isizungu ngokuphelele. Imvamisa, kule nkathi enzima, bahlala emiseleni ejulile yamagundane, noma uhlobo oluthile lwamachilo. I-Hibernation iphela ngo-Ephreli, bese kukhethwa izinyamazane zokufudumeza kosuku, yize zisazizwa zibabaza futhi zixinene, zihola kancane kancane umsebenzi.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izinyoka azinabo ubutha nobudlova, isimo sazo sinobumnene futhi sinobungane. Ebona abantu, uncamela ukuhamba kancane ukuze agweme ukuhlangana. Ngakho-ke, impela, kungabizwa ngokuthi kunokuthula futhi kungabi nobungozi maqondana nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Kwaphawuleka ukuthi akunzima ukwenza inyoka futhi, aziphikisi ukuxhumana nabantu uma bengaboni usongo, kepha ukuzigcina ekhaya kungumsebenzi onzima kakhulu.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Isithombe: Inyoka Ejwayelekile
Izinyoka ezijwayelekile zivuthwa zineminyaka emithathu noma emine ubudala. Isikhathi somshado siqala kubo ngemuva kokuphela kwentwasahlobo yokuqala, ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene isikhathi saso ingahluka, kepha ngokuvamile siba sekupheleni kuka-Ephreli-Meyi. Ekutsheni, ukukhula kokubeletha kungenzeka futhi ekwindla, kepha khona-ke ukubekwa kwamaqanda kuthwalwa kuye entwasahlobo.
Ngaphambi kokukhwelana, izinyoka lezi zazihlotshaniswa ngesimo sebhola eliqukethe owesimame oyedwa nezinceku zakhe eziningi. Lapho inqubo yokufaka umquba isidlulile, insikazi iya esigabeni esilandelayo - ukubekwa kweqanda.
Amaqanda asevele enesikhumba, insikazi eyodwa ingalala izicucu eziningana kuya kweziyi-100. Kuyadingeka ukuthi wona (amaqanda) angabandi futhi angomisi, ngakho-ke inyoka ikhetha indawo efudumele nenomswakama, isibonelo, amahlamvu esihlahla sonwele, umdoti ohlaba umxhwele, udoti obolile. Indawo ikhethwe ngokucophelela, ngoba lowesifazana akahlanganyeli ekubambeni, eshiya ukubumbana kwakhe.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Izinsikazi zezinyoka zingahlanganisa imichilo yazo, uma zingatholi izindawo ezifanelekayo zabanye. Ehlathini lamahlathi abantu bathola isidleke, lapho babale khona amaqanda ayi-1200.
Emavikini ayisihlanu noma ayisishiyagalombili kamuva, inyoka iqala ukuqandeka, ubude bayo busuka ku-11 kuya ku-15 cm. Kusukela ekuzalweni kwabo impela, baqala ukufuna indawo ebusika ephephile. Akuzona zonke izingane ezikwazi ukuqoqa amanoni ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sekwindla, kodwa ngisho ezingakhileli kakhulu namanje ezisaphila kuze kube sentwasahlobo, zibukeka zincane nje kunabalingani bazo abaphilile.
Iqiniso elithandekayo: Kulinganiselwa ukuthi zonke izinyoka ezingamashumi amahlanu zizalwa zinamakhanda amabili, ngakho-ke imvelo iyalela. Izinyoka ezinjalo kuphela "zeGorynych" ezingaphili isikhathi eside.
Izinyoka zingabhekwa njengezindebe ezinde, isikhathi sokuphila kwazo zivame ukudlula iminyaka engamashumi amabili, ngokwesilinganiso, lezi ezihuquzelayo ziphila kusuka eminyakeni engama-19 kuye kwengama-23. Isimo esiyinhloko sokuphila kwabo isikhathi eside ukuba khona komthombo wamanzi onikeza impilo eduze kwezindawo zokuhanjiswa njalo.
Izitha zemvelo zezinyoka ezijwayelekile
Isithombe: Sekujwayelekile
Izitha zomndeni sezivele zinezitha eziningi, ngoba lezi zinyoka azinabo ubuthi. Izinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezidla ezinye zithanda ukudla isidlo sakusihlwa, ngakho-ke zingaphenduka ukudla kwezimpungushe, izinja ze-raccoon, ama-hedgehogs, amasosa, amabheji, izindunduma kanye nokugunda. Izinyoni eziningi zihlasela izinyoka, ngakho-ke zingadliwa yisibaya, ukhozi lwenyoka, ikati, i-heron. Amagundane amakhulu, njengamagundane, nawo angabamba inyoka, ikakhulukazi encane futhi ingenalwazi, ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlala ibandakanyeka ekubhujisweni kwezidleke zantambama ngokudla amaqanda enyoka.
Ngokumangazayo, amasele nezinhlwayi, zona ngokwazo eziba isidlo sakusihlwa sezinyoka, zivame ukudla ukudla okulula okuncane. Ukubhujiswa kwamaqanda akusihlwa kufaka izinambuzane ezinjengezintuthwane namabhungane omhlabathi. Izinhlanzi ezincane nazo zingathokozwa yizinhlanzi ezinkulu, isibonelo, i-trout. Ezinye izinyoka nazo zidla izinyoka.
Ukuzivikela, isivele izama sengathi yidolobhana elinobuthi: ithambisa intamo yayo kancane, ikhiphe i-as, igoqe ngesimo se-zigzag, isongela isicoco somsila. Ngakho-ke uzama ukwenza umqondo owesabisayo kulabo abangahlakaniphile, kepha uma kunethuba lokuduka, yena-ke, akumkhumbuli, okokuqala, ukhetha lokhu okukhethiwe.
Iqiniso elikhangayo: Isenziwe ngathi isivele ifile noma ikhipha imfihlo enkulu kakhulu yokubonga, ngenxa yezindlala zayo. Ngamaqhinga anjalo, uzama ukuphazamisa ingozi kuye, ngoba emzabalazweni wokuphila zonke izindlela zinhle.
Izinyoka zivame ukuba yizisulu zomuntu ongazibulala kanjalo nje, ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile noma azibambele inyoka. Njengoba lezi ezihuquzelayo zingakugweme ukuhlala kwabantu, zivame ukuhlala eduze kwabantu, zivame ukuwela ngaphansi kwamasondo ezimoto. Ngakho-ke, izinyoka zinezitha eziningi ezimweni zemvelo, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezisencane ezisengozini, ngakho-ke, izidalwa ezifuywayo kufanele zihlale ziqaphile, futhi ngesikhathi sokuhlwa zicashe ezindaweni zazo zokuphephela.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Isithombe: Okuvamile
Umndeni omkhulu wabantu uhlala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Ngokuvamile, inani lalezi zinto ezihuquzelayo ezinokuthula azitholi zinsongo, akubangeli ukukhathazeka okukhulu mayelana nokuncishiswa. Isimo sokulondolozwa kwezinyoka singabhekwa njengokujwayelekile. Muva nje, akukaze kube nokuncipha okubukhali okubabazekayo ngenani lalezi zinyoka.
Ngokuqondene nezwe lethu, izinyoka ezijwayelekile zingabizwa ngokuthi ezinye zezidalwa ezivame ukuzizwa zizwakale kahle ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zemvelo, kufaka phakathi ezenziwe ngabantu. Yize iqiniso lokuthi isimo nesimo sabantu benyoka ejwayelekile sicishe safinyelela yonke indawo, kunezindawo lapho isibalo sazo sehle kakhulu futhi sifakiwe kwiNcwadi Ebomvu yezifunda ngazinye. Lesi simo siyakhula, okokuqala, ngenxa yokusebenza komuntu okusheshayo, okuvame ukuba nobugovu futhi kuhloswe ngakho ukuzuzisa abantu kuphela, bangazinaki ngokuphelele izintshisekelo nezidingo zabafowethu abancane.
Ukuze ungadingi ukuvikelwa futhi uqhubeke ukusithokozisa ngenani labo elikhulu, kuyadingeka, okokuqala, ukuthi ungangenisi ngokuxhamazela ezindaweni ahlala kuzo unomphela, ukugcina izindawo ezivikelekile nezethembekile zobusika nokwenziwa masonry, ukucabanga ngaphambi kwezinqumo mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukwakhiwa, kufaka phakathi ukubeka imigwaqo emikhulu. Into esemqoka ukuthi ungalahli ubuntu futhi unakekele.
Ukuvikelwa kwezinyoka ezijwayelekile
Photo: Ejwayelekile vele kwi-Red Book
Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, isimo sempilo nokuthuthukiswa kwezinyoka azihlali siphumelela yonke indawo, ngakho kwezinye izifunda esivamile sidinga ukuvikelwa. Ngenhloso yokuvikelwa, kufakwe ku-Red Book yezindawo ezithile: iMoscow, Tver, Leningrad. Ibuye ivikelwe eRiphabhlikhi yaseKarelia. Kuzo zonke lezi zindawo, isibalo sezilwane ezihuquzelayo sehle kakhulu, yize ngaphambili izinyoka zaziziningi.
Isizathu salokhu singabizwa ngokuthi yizinto ezingezinhle ezilandelayo:
- ukucekelwa phansi kwemvelo,
- Ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwezidumbu zamanzi ezahlukahlukene (amanzi abalulekile ezinyoka),
- ukuntuleka kwesikhala sokuphila ngempumelelo nokuzala amaqanda,
- ukuxosha umuntu ngumuntu endaweni yakhe yokuhlala unomphela ngenxa yokulima umhlaba, ukwakha imigwaqo, amadolobha, njll.
Kulezo zifunda lapho okujwayelekile sekuvele kufakwe ku-Red Book, isimo sezinhlobo zaso siqokwa njengobuthakathaka futhi sincipha ngesibalo. Ezifundeni, kusakhiwa izinhlelo zokubuyisa inani lezinyoka ezindaweni ezisezindaweni ezikhethekile, ezivikelwe. Emaphethelweni emifula, abantu baphinda bavule izimbali eziseduze namanzi; izindawo ezikhethekile zigunyazwe ukugeza nokuzilibazisa ezindaweni ezinjalo.
Sengiphetha, ngithanda ukufaka ukuthi uhlala umangazwa ukuthi kungakanani ongakufunda mayelana nomuntu ojwayelekile futhi aziwa kahle kusukela ebuntwaneni, lapho abantu bakudala bakha khona izinganekwane nezinkolelo eziningi, lapho ezejwayelekile vele usebenza njengophawu lwenhlanhla, umgcini wenotho nengcebo engenakubalwa, futhi futhi eyinkosi yezinye ezihuquzelayo.
Uhluke kanjani kwinyoka?
Noma kunjalo, sincoma kakhulu ukuthi singazami ngisho nokubamba inyoka, ngoba nayo ingahlala ididaniswe nenye inyoka - isengezo, esingelona neze ingozi, kodwa kunalokho sinobuthi futhi siyingozi.Uyini umehluko kusuka kwinyoka: sesibhale ngalokhu mayelana ne-athikili yethu mayelana ne-viper, landela isixhumanisi, kukhona ngakho.
Yini edla emvelweni?
Izinyoka, yize zingenabungozi kubantu, noma kunjalo, njengezinye izinyoka, ziyizidlakudla, ama-amphibians nezinhlanzi zingumthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwazo. Amaxoxo nemidondoshiya, imidlwane, namagundane amancane, njengamagundane, amagundane, imaskkrats, kanye nama-squirrels, kuba ukudla kwenyoka okuvamisile. Kwesinye isikhathi amalulwane, kanye nezinyoni ezithile ezincane, angaya kuzo ukuze adle isidlo sasemini. Izinyoka ezincane zidla izinambuzane ezinkulu, izinhlwathi zomhlaba, imollusks nezinhlanzi ezincane ezahlukahlukene ngentokozo. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, izinyoka, njengomthetho, zenza abaqamekele, ziqaphe lowo ongaba isisulu, bese ziphonsa ngokushesha.
Ngokuthabisisayo, izinyoka lezi azibizi ngisho nokubulala inyamazane yazo, kodwa ziwugwinye ngokuqondile iphila, kube sengathi ifakwe emlonyeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukugwinya inyamazana elincane lenyoka akunzima, kepha inqubo yokufakwa kwesisulu esikhudlwana ingathatha amahora ambalwa.
Ngemuva kokudla okunenhliziyo, kungahle kungabi nezinsuku ezimbalwa, kepha ngokuvamile inyoka, njengezinye izinyoka eziningi, ingakudla isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokudla. Ngale ndlela, izazi zezilwane zize zaqopha icala lapho inyoka ingakwazanga ukudla izinsuku ezingama-300.
Yize iqiniso lokuthi izinyoka zikwazi ukubulawa yindlala isikhathi eside, ngeke zihlale isikhathi eside ngaphandle kwamanzi, lezi zinyoka zihlala ziphuza kakhulu, futhi ikakhulukazi ekushiseni.
Izitha zezinyoka emvelweni
Izinyoka uqobo ngokwazo zikude phezulu kwephakethe lokudla, futhi zingaba isisulu sabanye abazingeli abakhulu: izimpungushe, izindunduma, imfene. Ezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama nazo zidla inyama yazo: izingwamza, amakhayithi nezinkozi. Amagundane, adliwa yizinyoka, nawo ayingozi, kepha hhayi izinyoka ezindala, kepha amaqanda awo nezinyoka ezincane. Izindonga zivame ukonakalisa izidleke zezinyoka. Futhi-ke, ingozi ethile yezinyoka ngumuntu.
Inyoka yokuphila
Baphila impilo yansuku zonke, bathanda iLanga, ikakhulukazi ukusika emisebeni yayo efudumele, okuyinto abayisebenzisa kakhulu osukwini, ngaphandle kokusa nokuhlwa - lesi yisikhathi sokuzingela. Futhi, izinyoka zikwazi ukugibela izihlahla, ngisho nokusuka egatsheni ziye egatsheni, ukubhukuda ngokuphelele futhi zingaba semanzini isikhathi eside. Abantu abaningi bachaza amacala lapho bebona inyoka, ngokwesibonelo, phakathi echibini elikhulu.
Kunezinhlobo zezinyoka ezigaya izinyoka, zimba imigudu yangempela ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi izinyoka zasogwadule zithanda kakhulu ukugaya zingene emhlabathini oxegayo zizitholele isihlabathi ngokwazo.
Izinyoka zisuka kuphi futhi kanjani
Ngokufika kwamakhaza asebusika, yonke imisebenzi ebalulekile yalezo ezihuquzelayo ivinjelwe, izinyoka ziwela ekubandakanyeni, okuqala ekwindla futhi kungahlala isikhathi esingangezinyanga eziyi-8, kuze kufike ukushisa kwentwasahlobo. Ngokubanda ubusika, izinyoka zikhetha indawo esecashile engeke ibambe ngesikhathi seqhwa. Ezindaweni eziningi izinyoka ezimbalwa zingaqoqana ubusika, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ezinye izinyoka nazo zingabusika nazo. Lapho kuqala ukushisa, izinyoka ziyaphuma emashalofini abo ebusika.
Amanzi vele
Lesi isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu senyoka ejwayelekile, noma ngabe kukhona umehluko othile. Lolu hlobo luthanda ukushisa kakhulu, ngakho-ke alutholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho, luhlala kusuka eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeFrance kuya enkabeni ye-Asia, ungahlangana nayo eningizimu ye-Ukraine, eCaucasus, Kazakhstan nakwamanye amazwe ambalwa. Njengoba ungaqagela, impilo yenyoka yamanzi ihlobene kakhulu namanzi, futhi aziphili kuphela osebeni lwemifula namachibi, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nolwandle. Babhukuda ngokuphelele, babhekane kalula nemisinga eqinile, futhi bangaba ngaphansi kwamanzi isikhathi eside. Imvamisa anombala oluhlaza omnqumo oluhlaza okotshani onamabala amnyama nemishayo. Ngokwesilinganiso, amanzi asivele enamamitha ayi-1 ubude, yize kukhona abamele kakhulu abangaphansi kuka-1,6 m ubude. Le ayinangozi ngokuphelele, ngoba ayazi nokuthi kufanele ithinte kanjani, kepha ngenxa yombala wayo ivame ukudidaniswa nesengezo futhi iqothulwe ngokungafanele.
UColchis naye
Ungumuntu onamakhanda amakhulu, uhlala eCentral Asia, e-Azerbaijan, e-Abkhazia, eGeorgia naseningizimu yeRussia. Ukuphila emahlathini esifubeni kanye ne-beech. Kwezinye izinyoka lolu hlobo luhlukaniswa indawo ekhanda ebanzi ekhanda nokungabikho kwezindawo ezikhanyayo ngemuva kwekhanda. Ubude obuyi-1-1.3 m. Ubhukuda kahle kakhulu, kufaka phakathi ukudonsela phansi kwamanzi, imvamisa abalekela ezitheni. Muva nje, inani lezinyoka zeColchis belincipha kakhulu futhi kumele kuthathwe izindlela zokuzivikela ukuze zilondolozwe.
I-Viper vele
Lo usevele uhlala emazweni aseMedithera, kepha ungahlangana naye eningizimu ye-Ukraine yethu. Lezi zinyoka zihlala eduze kwamachibi, imifula nezibhuku, futhi zaba negama ngenxa yokufana kwangaphandle nezinyoka ngokwazo. Vele, lokhu kufana akulungile izinyoka ezibuleweyo, zicabanga ukuthi yisengezo, noma kungukuphela kwengozi.
I-Tiger vele
Kepha ihlosi, elihlala e-Asia, kufaka phakathi iChina, iJapan, neKorea, liyingozi, ngoba linemfihlo ekhethekile enobuthi eyisebenzisela ukuzivikela. Ngokungafani nezihlobo zayo ezingenangozi, le inyoka yangempela enobuthi, yize ubuthi benyoka yenswebu bungaqinile njengaleyo yenyoka efanayo, noma ezinye izinyoka ezinobuthi. Inobude obungu-1.1 m. Okunye okuphawuleka ngalenyoka umbala wayo onemigqa, ofana nehlosi, kungakho igama.
Ubumba lwasempumalanga
Lolu hlobo luhlala ezwekazini laseMelika, ikakhulukazi olutholakala empumalanga ye-United States, ukusuka e-Iowa naseTexas, kuya eFlorida. Ihluke kwezinye izinyoka ngosayizi wayo omncane - ubude bawo bungama-25 cm kuphela .. Unombala onsundu.
IsiJapane vele
Naphezu kwaleli gama, alihlali eJapan kuphela, kodwa nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia ambalwa, kufaka phakathi iMpumalanga Ekude yeRussian Federation. Inosayizi omncane impela - ubude bawo bubalelwa kuma-50 cm kanye nombala oqinile: imvundu onsundu, ushokoledi noma onsundu ngokubomvu ngothayela oluhlaza.
Izinyoka zizalela kanjani?
Njengezinye izinyoka, izinyoka zizalaniswa ngamaqanda. Abesilisa bafika esikhathini sabo sokuthomba beneminyaka emi-3 ubudala, bese abesifazane besemncane ngeminyaka engu-4-5. Isikhathi sokuzala kwabo siqala entwasahlobo, cishe ngokushesha ngemuva kokushiya ubusika. Ukuzigweba kungokulandelayo: owesilisa usondela kowesifazane, ngenkathi enikina ikhanda lakhe kusuka ngapha nangapha. Ube esehlubuka ngakuye, amhlikihle, amgoqe umsila. Kuyamangaza ukuthi kwesinye isikhathi abesilisa abaningana bangahlangana bezungeze insikazi eyodwa ngasikhathi sinye, benze ikati yangempela yokuzalelisa, kepha ngokungafani nezinye izilwane, abesilisa abalwi bodwa, futhi bazame kuphela ukuvimba oncintisana naye ukufaka umquba kowesifazane.
Kungekudala ngemuva kokukhulelwa okuphumelelayo, insikazi ibekela amaqanda. Amaqanda asevele embozwe ifilimu emhlophe enesikhumba, iqukethe imicu eminingi microscopic, efakwe iprotheni ekhethekile enamathela. Ubukhulu bokubumbeka bungahluka ngokuya ngohlobo lwenyoka, futhi, ngokuthokozisayo, lezi zinyoka zingakwenza ngisho ukuhlangana okuhlanganisiwe, okufinyelela kumaqanda ayi-1000.
Okokugcotshwa, izinyoka zifuna izindawo ezifudumele neziseceleni, zingaba yinqwaba yama-humus, iziqu ezibolile, ama-moss moss, ngisho namaqabunga awile. Isikhathi sokufakwa izinyoka sithatha izinyanga eziyi-1-2, emva kwalokho izinyoka ezincane zisuka lapho, ezisakazeka masinyane futhi ziqale ukuziphilela impilo yokuzimela. Ngasikhathi sinye, abaningi babo bafa besebancane, njengoba bedla izinyoka ezincane, kufaka phakathi ikusasa labo lokudla okungenza ukudla: ubuhlalu, amagundane namagundane.
Amaqiniso atholakalayo ngezinyoka
- Kakade kwesinye isikhathi ukuguqulwa okunjalo kwenzeka ukuthi abantu abanamakhanda amabili bazalwe. Kuliqiniso, izinyoka ezinjalo ezingajwayelekile azihlali isikhathi eside.
- Ezinganekwaneni kunezinganekwane eziningi zezinyoka, ngokwesibonelo, ukuthi izinyoka zibonakala zithanda amaxoxo ngaphambi kokuzidla. Eqinisweni, lokhu akuyona into edlula inganekwane.
- Izinyoka zingamaqhawe ezivame zezinganekwane eziningi lapho zivame ukusebenza njengabaqaphi bemicebo nengcebo.