AmaKharacins ajwayele ukubizwa ngokuthi izinhlanzi zomndeni wakwaKharakasov, yize lokhu kungenjalo ngokuphelele, ngoba amaKharazinki ayingxenye yaleli qembu elikhulu lezakhamuzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi.

IHarazinobraznye ifaka inani elikhulu kakhulu labamele izinhlanzi ezinamanzi ahlanzekile akhanyayo ukusuka kwabancane (cishe 2 cm) kuya kokukhulu, okufinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha ayi-1 ubude.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ezinye zalezi zakhamuzi ezingaphansi kwamanzi zingabadli, iningi lezinhlanzi lingezemihlambi enokuthula. Ngokusho kwe-morphology yabo kanye niche yemvelo, basondele kakhulu ezinhlanzini ze-carp.

Izwe lase Kharakasovs liseNingizimu neMelika Ephakathi, kepha ezinye izinhlobo zihlala naseNyakatho Melika nase-Afrika.

Le ngenye yezinhlanzi ezindala kakhulu emhlabeni wethu, izinhlobo zazo zezinsalela ezingokwesikhathi seJurassic.

Onke amaHarakasov anomzimba oyindilinga, othambile kusuka ezinhlangothini, ikhanda elincane, nophethiloli ophakathi nendawo. Umbala wenhlanzi, kuye ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo, ungahluka kakhulu. E-aquarium, imibala ekhanya kakhulu futhi ekhanyayo ivamile.

Igalari yezithombe zezinhlanzi zeCharacin:

Zonke izinhlanzi ze-Kharatsiniformes oda zibonakaliswa ukuba khona kwemali eyengeziwe, ebizwa ngokuthi ngamafutha. Imvamisa inesimo esiyindilinga nosayizi omncane, yize kwezinye izinhlanzi likhulu.

Akukhokhelwa kanti ngokomongo wayo kungumbala wesikhumba otholakala ngemuva kwe-dorsal fin. Kuqukethe kuphela izicubu ze-adipose, ayinemisebe.

Ososayensi abafikanga kwisivumelwano ngenhloso ye-adipose fin. Ngokweminye imibono, isebenza njengokuhlinzekwa okwengeziwe kwezakhi zomzimba; nakwabanye, kuhloselwe ukuheha abantu bobulili obuhlukile ngesikhathi sokuzala.

Izifundo zakamuva ezenziwe yi-ichthyologists ezivela eCanada zibonisa ukuthi i-adipose fin futhi ithuthukisa kakhulu amakhono wezinhlanzi ezi-hydrodynamic. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isiyaluyalu samanzi angemuva kwepula siyancipha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ku-wen kukhona okungaphakathi, okufakwe ekugcineni kwezinzwa nemikhumbi, izinombolo. Zivumela umuntu ohlala ngaphansi kwamanzi ukuba ezwe ngokushesha ukuhamba komfula futhi akhethe indlela eyiyo nendlela yokuhamba.

Ukuhlwayeka kumaCharaciniformes amaningi kuhlotshaniswa nesikhathi semvula. Izindawo zasemanzini zanamuhla zinezindlela zokulingisa zalesi sikhathi ngakho-ke lezi zinhlanzi zizalela kalula ekudingisweni.

UMnu Tail uyancoma: izinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo

Izicholoologists zaseRussia zihlukanisa imindeni engezansi eyi-12 emndenini waseKharatsin, lapho kunezinhlobo ezingama-165 nezinhlobo ezingama-962-1231 zezinhlanzi, njengo-Agoniatinae, Aphyocharacinae, Bryconinae, Characinae, Cheirodontinae, Clupeacharacinae, Glandulocaudinae, Iguanodoseseinaeina, Rhine. Kepha kuchaziwe ukuthi lokhu kuhlukaniswa akuchazwanga ngokuhlukile, kunezinye izindlela zokukhetha.

Ngokombono wososayensi bakwamanye amazwe, umndeni wakwaKharatsin namuhla ubhekane nezinguquko eziningi ezihlelekile. Ukubuyekezwa okwenziwe kamuva kwashukumisela iningi lamalungu alo angaphambili emindenini ehlobene nayo kodwa ehlukile, ngokwesibonelo, inhlanzi yepensela yohlobo lweNannostomus, manje esethuthele eLebiasinidae, kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane ezahlaselayo ezingabakwaHoplias noHoplerythrinus, manje esezithuthelwe e-Erythrinidae, Izinhlanzi ze-saber-toothed zohlobo lweHydrolycus zadluliselwa eCynodontidae. Owayekade eyi-Alestiinae subfamily wakhulela ezingeni lomndeni (i-Alestiidae), kwathi amaCrenuchinae noCharacidiinae abedluliselwe eCrenuchidae.

Ezinye izinhlanzi zomndeni wakwaCharacin, ezake zahlukaniswa njengamalungu eCharacidae, zathuthelwa imindeni lapho kubuyekezwa amatekisi okugcina (ngemuva kuka-1994), kufaka ne-Acestrorhynchidae, Anostomidae, Chilodontidae, Citharinidae, Ctenoluciidae, Curimatidaidae, Distichodontidaee, Hasteropeidae, Hasteropeidae, Hasteropeidae, Hasteropeidae, Hasteropeidae, Hasteropeidae, Hasteropeidae, Hasteropeidae, Hasteropeidae I-Parodontidae, Serrasalmidae ne-Triporthidae.

Ama-piranhas amakhulu futhi manje awayona eye-Kharatsinov, kodwa angamalungu omndeni wakwaSerrasalmidae. Yize lezi zinguquko zingakamukelwa emhlabeni wonke futhi akukakaqunywa ukuthi zihlukaniswe yini izinhlanzi ngezinsimbi zeW Weber njengoba inhlanzi kaKharatsin, kungenzeka, ukushaqeka okukhulu kakhulu ilindele isilinganiselo somndeni.

Ngakho-ke, kuze kube manje ngokunokwenzeka okukhulu kumaKharatsinovs kukhona imindeni engezansi emithathu:

• I-Spintherobolus clade ifaka i-genera emibili - i-Amazonspinther ne-Spintherobolus.
• UStevardiinae - Uhlobo lwe-6, kufaka phakathi uRhoadsiin, Stygichthyini, Hemigrammus nabanye.
• IStevardiinae - Uhlobo lwe-11, kufaka phakathi iTetragonopterus, Acanthocharax nabanye.

Lo mbhalo uxoxa kuphela ngabameli abathile abakhaliphile futhi abangajwayelekile bomndeni wakwaHarakasov, abangavamile ezolimo zasemanzini.

Umndeni weKharkasov, ikakhulukazi, uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezilandelayo.

I-Tape Astanaks

Lesi sidlakudla esinamanzi amaningi ahlanzekile anombala wesiliva oqondayo. Abesilisa bakhulu kunabesifazane futhi bafinyelela ku-17 cm ubude. Bahlala emihlambini emikhulu (kuze kufinyelele kubantu abangama-50) eSouth, Central kanye naseNyakatho Melika, imifula nemifudlana esezingeni eliphansi yamanzi angenasisekelo esukela eMexico kuya e-Argentina.

Zidla ezinhlanzini ezincane nezinsalela zezilwane ezincelisayo ezifile. Umhlambi unganikeza isiphikisi esifanele umzingeli omkhulu. Zinezinyo elicijile elibukhali, ngosizo zazo ezikwazi ukukhipha izicucu emzimbeni wesisulu sazo.

Amapayipi we-dorsal aqukethe imisebe ethambile nemijikelezo, kukhona imijondolo ebukhali kanti kusixhumi, umsila unemithwalo emibili. Amafutha amanoni avame ukubomvu.

Ngaphandle kombala obuthuntu otholakala kuma-aquarium ase-amateur, ukubuka indlela yokuziphatha kwabantu abathile ephaketheni kuyajabulisa kakhulu.

Inhlanzi yaqanjwa igama layo eqenjini elingesabi laseGreek.

I-Oligoarkus

Ibuye ibe yidlozi lomyalo wamaCharacinoids, okhula ngaphezu kwama-30 cm futhi asakazeke imifudlana engaphansi komhlaba, imifula kanye namachibi ezindawo ezisogwini namathafa asenkabeni yeRio Grande De Sul (eBrazil), Uruguay ne-Argentina. Iphinde ifakwe emachibini njengezinhlanzi zokudotshwa kwezinhlanzi.

Umbala wenhlanzi awukhanyi, usiliva, u-fin impela mude, u-translucent.

Ubumpofu be-tetra

I-Stygichthys typhlops noma inhlanzi eyimpumputhe yaseBrazil uhlobo lokuphila oluhlala emihumeni engaphansi komhlaba yesifundazwe saseMinas Gerais (eBrazil).

Izinhlanzi zizalwa zinamehlo, kodwa ngokukhula komuntu ngamunye zidonswa yifilimu, ngoba amakoloni ahlala ebumnyameni ngokuphelele.

Ikhula ibe ngu-4-5 cm, isikhumba nezikali azinayo i-pigmentation.

Yize kunombala ophuzi walezi zinhlanzi, zivame ukugcinwa emanzini ngenxa yokutholakala nokuziphatha okungajwayelekile, yize izinhlobo zitholwa njengezisengozini ngenxa yokumiswa kweziphethu ezingaphansi kwamanzi.

I-Cyanogaster noctivaga

Uhlobo oluphawuleka okusha nezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezincane eziphuma eRio Negro, i-Amazon basin (Ostariophysi, Characidae).

Kutholwe ukuphuma kwesayensi kweYunivesithi yaseBrazil yaseSão Paulo ngo-2011, okuchazwe ngokwengxenye ngonyaka ka-2013.

Igama lalezi zinhlobo lihumusha ngokuthi "uzulazula ebusuku onoblue."

Ubukhulu obukhulu bomuntu omdala bulungiswa ku-17.4 mm.

Inhlanzi ihola indlela yokuphila yasebusuku futhi kunzima kakhulu ukuyibona. Yatholakala okokuqala emanzini asemuva e-asidi efana nendawo yezinhlanzi ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni, i-Paedocypris progenetica (i-Indonesia iyisifo, i-7-10 mm ubude), ehlala ezinhlafuneni zemifula nasemifudlaneni emanzi amnyama. I-Cyanogaster noctivaga

Inhlanzi encane inemisebe eyisishiyagalombili e-dorsal fin, amazinyo amane angaphakathi angaphansi.

Ukuhluka kwesakhamuzi esisanda kutholakala esingaphansi kwamanzi ukuthi sinemisebe emihlanu kuphela emgodini wesisu futhi sinenyo elilodwa elingaphansi le-submandibular, alikho i-maxillary.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umugqa we-longitudinal we-lateralud udabule, umzimba ucishe ubonakale, kanti isisu sesisu sinamabala, izembozo ze-gill zibomvu.

Kwabesilisa abadala, imisebe ye-ventral ne-anal fins inezingwegwe.

Inhlanzi iyathakazelisa ngokuphelele kusuka endaweni yokubukwa kwama-aquaristics, incazelo eningilizayo ngayo kanye nomlayezo mayelana nokuthi kungenzeka ukuthengisa kabusha kulindeleke.

Ezinye izinhlobo

Lokhu okufakwayo kufaka phakathi ubukhosi, ubukhosi, uthingo, irabha, ikhanda elivutha umlilo, okhanyayo, igolide, obomvu-umsila ophuzi, ophuzi, idayimane, omnyama-neon, phantom, ifulegi, amanga, ama-x-ray (translucent) ama-crrag teters izikhathi eziningi ezichazwe ezincwadini ezikhethekile nezindatshana zama-amateur. , I-Costello tetra, i-Bloody inhliziyo tetra, i-Swordsman tetra (inhlanzi kadrako), uKopella Arnolda (weqa i-tetra), kanye nolwandle oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezinye.

Izisekelo ze-Aquarium

Cishe zonke izinhlanzi zeCharacin ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemanzini zanamuhla zingabahlali abanokuthula abasebenza ngokuthula ngamapharamitha afanayo emvelo yasemanzini.

Esigcawini sokugcina ekhaya kungcono ukwanda iqembu labantu okungenani abangama-8-10. Kepha izinhlobo ezahlukile ziziphatha ngendlela ehlukile - eminye imihlambi ihlala ibhukuda ndawonye, ​​eminye ibuthana eqenjini kuphela ngesikhathi sezimo ezicindezelayo.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle, iCharacin ibukeka inconspicuous, thola umbala ompunga onsundu. Kepha ekududuzeni nasekuphakelweni okugcwele, umbala walezi zinhlanzi uyagqama futhi ubonakale.

Lezi zakhamizi ezingaphansi kwamanzi azidingi ukukhanyiswa okukhanyayo, ngoba ezimweni zemvelo zihlala kusihlwa. Ukukhanya okukhulu kakhulu kuphuphuthekisa uKharatsinok futhi kuvuse ukugxuma kwabo kusuka ethangini. Ngakho-ke, isembozo ku-aquarium kufanele siyadingeka.

Ukuphinda wenze kabusha i-biotope yendabuko yezakhamuzi zaseNingizimu Melika ezingaphansi kwamanzi echibini lokufakelwa, kufanele kunikezwe amathikithi aminyene wezitshalo zasemanzini ngemuva kanye nezindiza eziphakathi nendawo, umphambili wethangi kufanele ushiywe ukhululekile ukuhambisa imihlambi. Phansi kwakumhlabathi omnyama, oki, iBirch, amaqabunga omisiwe om-alimondi, izinkuni zomlotha. Bazonikeza ukuthamba okwandayo kwamanzi nombala omnyama, lezi zinyathelo, ngaphezu kwalokho, zizosiza ukuqinisa ukungavikeleki kwezinhlanzi.

I-Kharatsinovy ​​ifana namanzi acwebile ahlanzekile anensimbi engenamandla, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukunikeza i-aeration kanye nokuhlunga. Kanye ngesonto kufanele kushintshwe kuze kufike kolwesithathu uketshezi.

Umbuso wokushisa, ngokuya ngezinhlobo zeKharatsinok, ukhethwe ngaphakathi + 23 ... + 30 ° С.

Ukuvumelana

Akunzima ukukhetha omakhelwane izinhlobo ezinokuthula zezinhlanzi zaseKharacin. Bahlangana kahle nalezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zezakhamizi ezingaphansi kwamanzi:

• zebrafish
• amabha aphakathi nendawo,
• mollies
• izinkemba
• guppies
• Pecilia
• amasaka
• ama-apistograms
• iminenke
• imfanzi.

Ngokuqapha, kufanelekile ukutshekela izinhlobo zezinhlanzi zeHarakasov ezinamapulangwe asezingeni lokumboza, lezi ezifuywayo zingazicindezela ngokuphelele.

Akufanele uhlanganise i-Kharatsinok nezidlamlilo ezinolaka - ama-cichlid, ama-piranhas, izidumbu ze-Koi.

Ukondla

Cishe zonke izinhlanzi zeHarakas zi-omnivorous; emanzini amvelo, ukudla kwazo ku-algae, i-detritus, ama-invertebrates amancane, izinambuzane nezibungu zazo.

Ezimweni ze-aquarium, lezi ezifuywayo ziyojabulela ukudla noma yikuphi ukudla - bukhoma, iqhwa, komile, imifino.

Izinhlanzi ezinemibala ephethwe ubomvu, qiniseka ukuthi zifaka i-bloodworms, ama-tubuloid, i-artemia nauplia, ama-carotenoids ekudleni. Lapho-ke imibala yabo izohlala ikhanya.

Izinhlobo eziqabile zokuphamba kwezilwane ezifuywayo zakwaCharacin zondliwa kuphela ngoFry bukhoma.

Ukuzala

Ngaphansi kwezimo zokuhlala zemvelo, ukusatshalaliswa kuqala kuzinhlanzi zaseCharacin ezikhathini zonyaka we-monsoon; ukuthola ngempumelelo ekuzaleni, kulingiswa ngoshintsho olujwayelekile lwamanzi usebenzisa amanzi ancishisiwe (lokhu kwengeza ukuthambisa kwemvelo).

Ngaphansi kwetangi elihlukile kufakwe izitshalo ezinamaqabunga amancane futhi embozwe ngegridi yokuhlukanisa. Kulokhu, abazali ngeke bakwazi ukudla amaqanda asewele phezu kwesigaqa esingaphansi komhlaba.

Lapho nje u-fry ebunjiwe ebhukuda, anikezwa okuphakelayo kokuqala, esebenzisa imikhoba etshalwa kakhulu.

Kaningi, ukuzalaniswa kwezinhlanzi zakwaCharacin akunzima.

Okuhlukile mhlawumbe yiNeons. Ukuze uqhume ngempumelelo, kubalulekile ukudala izimo ezikhethekile. Amanzi akufanele athathelwe indawo hhayi nge-distill kuphela, kungcono ukusebenzisa i-peat nge-acidity ephezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukwandisa i-oxygen aeration. Izinga lokushisa eliphakathi nendawo landa kancane kancane lifinyelele ku-30 ​​... + 31 ° C.

Ngemuva kokuqubuka kwenhlanzi, abazali bayasuswa ezindaweni ezihlanyayo, ithangi limnyama ngokuphelele. Kungcono nokuba usimboze ngendwangu emnyama, ushiye i-aeration ivuliwe.

Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-1-2, ukuqandelwa kwezibungu kuqala. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, i-fry kufanele ibhukude, indwangu evela ekuqhekekeni ingasuswa, kepha isibani kufanele sisafiphala, sikhombe.

Isigaxa esidluliselwe ngokukhethekile se-ciliates sithululelwa ku-aquarium njengokudla kokuqala, okuzoqoqwa ngqo endaweni yokukhanya. Ukuthi kuzoba yindawo yokondla izingane.

Lokhu kukuvumela ukuthi ubhekele inqubo yokudla futhi ulawule ukutholakala kokudla okubukhoma. Lapho nje ifu lokuhungwa seliphelile, kufanele livuselelwe. UMalek Neon kufanele ondliwe njalo, lokhu kuphela kuzomsiza ukuthi akhule.

Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, osuvele ngosuku lwesine kuya kwele-5 kokudla kokuqala, izingane zizikhulisa kahle futhi ziyakwazi ukudla ukudla okuphezulu - zinganikezwa i-brine shrimp, ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10 zinganikwa iziphepho futhi zijwayele ukudla okuchotshoziwe kwama-flake kanye nama-nematode amancane.

Izifo Nokuvimbela

Isisekelo sempilo enhle Kharatsinok - ukugcinwa okuqinile kwezimo zokuboshwa kanye nokugcinwa kwemingcele efanelekile yemvelo yasemanzini. Imvamisa, lezi ezifuywayo ze-thermophilic zigula ngokuncipha okukhulu kwamazinga okushisa ethangini. Kulokhu, izifo ezilandelayo zingaba khona:

• Qeda ukubola. Kubonakala lapho kugcwala iflamu kanye nokuvela kokulandela kokubhujiswa ngasemaphethelweni ayo. Kwesinye isikhathi i-cornea nayo iyathinteka. Izindlu zokugeza ezinosawoti wezokwelashwa, ukubulala amagciwane inhlabathi nemishini, ukwengezwa kweBicillin-5 kanye nokujwayelekile kwezimpawu zemvelo kungasiza.
• Ichthyosporidiosis. Izimpawu zokuqala zesifo esibangelwa ukutheleleka ukhunta kungukuphulwa kokuhlangana kokuhamba kwezilwane ezifuywayo, bese kuba nokulahleka kwesifiso, ukuphuma kwamehlo, isikali esilinganiselweyo, ukubonakala kwezilonda kanye necrosis emzimbeni. Lokhu kudalwa kwenhliziyo kukhula kancane, kepha kuholela ekufeni kwezilwane ezifuywayo kusuka ekukhathaleni nase-atrophy yezitho zomzimba, ngakho-ke, ukonga i-aquarium kuphela ekususweni kwe-disin ukungaguli nokuphelele.
• I-Trichodinosis. Lesi sifo sidalwa yi-infraoria ejikeleza umzimba ethinta umzimba wezilwane ezifuywayo. Izikali zimbozwe ngenhlanganisela emhlophe, izinhlanzi zibambeka emhlabathini, zizama ukungena ngaphansi komfudlana we-aeration. Ukwelashwa, kusetshenziswa i-depositor deparante, lapho kufakwa kuyo i-methylene eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Abamele abakwa-aquarium abadumile

Abamele uhlobo ngalunye (u-Alestes, uMikralest, uBricinus, uPhenacogrammus, u-Arnoldichtis, uLadigesia noLepidarchus) bayefana ngezidingo ezifanayo zezimo zokuboshwa. Izinhlobo zezinhlanzi ezivame kakhulu zalezo zinhlanzi:

• I-tetras yase-Afrika,
• I-Dwarf haracin ne-Adonis haracin,
• Okuphikisayo
• I-South American Tetras,
• AmaNannostomuse,
• Ukusaphaza i-tetras
• Belly-bellies
• Imigqa emidile Malorota
• I-Piranhas.

Bheka ama-characin amancane.

AmaCharacin izinhlanzi zasemanzini ezinobukhulu obukhulu nobuphakathi, ngokwesilinganiso, zifinyelela ubude bomzimba obuyi-10-15 cm, futhi lokhu kuthunjiwe. Zonke izinhlobo zigcinwa kalula ekhaya, zizalwe masinyane ekuhlanzeni. Izimo ze-Aquarium kufanele zibe seduze nemvelo, ngakho-ke amathangi afanele lapho kunotshani obukhulu nendawo yamahhala yokunyakaza. Njengoba endle zihlala esidlekeni samanzi ahlanzekile, ziyazwela ukungcoliswa kwamanzi namakhemikhali.

Amanzi obunzima obuthambile noma obuphakathi anconyiwe; enhlanzini enjalo ayobe esekulungele ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Kanye emva kwamasonto onke angama-1-2, ama-20-30% amanzi kufanele avuseleleke kabusha futhi ahlanzekile. Amanzi ahlanzekile akufanele ahluke ngamapharamitha awo ukusuka ku-aquarium.

Ukukhanya kukhanya kuthambile futhi kuguquguquka, kulenkulisa kungcono ukudala izindawo ezinomthunzi lapho ukukhanya kwelanga kungangeni khona. Lapho, izinhlanzi ziyalulama futhi ziphumule. Ukubona umbala ogcwele umbala wabo, kunconywa ukubeka umhlabathi omnyama ezansi kwesitsha. Kubalulekile ukumboza i-aquarium ukuze izilwane ezifuywayo zingaphumi.

Badla ukudla okubandayo, okwomile nokunempilo. Izimbangi zidinga ukondliwa izinhlanzi eziphilayo kuphela. Ezinye izinhlanzi zingakhipha imichilo.

Bheka abamele abomndeni we-haracin enkampanini enama-cichlids amancanyana

Ukuzala

Emvelweni, ukuqhakaza kuqala kanyekanye nesikhathi semvula. Ukubuyiselwa okujwayelekile kwamanzi ngamanzi athambile kukhuthaza izinhlanzi ukuba zikhiqize. Lokhu kutholakala kusetshenziswa amanzi agcobhoziwe. Ezinye izinhlobo zingavela ngqo ku-aquarium ejwayelekile, kodwa kulokhu inzalo izoba yincane.

Ukuze wandise amathuba okusinda ku-Fry, sebenzisa i-aquarium ehlukile - ukuqhekeka. I-substrate ifakwe ezansi - izitshalo ezinamashiya amancane, bese kubekwa igridi yokuhlukanisa phezu kwabo, okuvimbela abazali ekudleni i-caviar. Amanzi we-Spawning kufanele abe athambile kakhulu - aze afike ku-3 ° dH.

I-hatching Fry iqala ukugcotshwa ngokushesha nje lapho iqala ukubhukuda uzungeza i-aquarium, futhi ama-ciliates atshaliwe asetshenziswa njengokudla kokuqala.

Neons

I-Neon akuyona nje kuphela uhlobo oludumile kakhulu phakathi kwama-characin, kodwa futhi ingenye yezinhlanzi ezidumile ze-aquarium. Abamele lezi zinhlobo bavundile futhi kulula ukufuya, ngakho-ke intengo yalezi zinhlanzi ezincane iphansi.

Lesi sidalwa esikhanyayo sibukeka kahle ekuhlanganyeleni kwezihlobo. Emanzini amakhulu, ama-neon agcina umhlambi omuhle, nemivimbo ekhanyayo emizimbeni yawo idonsela ukunaka. Lezi zinhlanzi zaba negama lazo ngenxa yokubonga okukhumbuzayo kokushiswa kwe-neon.

Ngeshwa, amakhono obuhlakani bezinhlanzi ezincane zishiya okuningi ukuba kufiswe. Ama-Neons ahlala evinjiwe ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezifihliwe, ngokwesibonelo, kwiziponji zokuhlunga noma yokusungula. Ngeke zikwazi ukuphuma echibini zizodwa futhi zivame ukufa zinganakwa.

Sekukonke, kunezinhlobo ezi-4 ze-neon - eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezibomvu, eziluhlaza nezimnyama. Ngaphandle, ziyefana, kepha empeleni, phakathi kwazo kunomehluko obalulekile, kuze kube sekuthweni kwezifo ezahlukahlukene.

I-Blue neon (i-Latin Paracheirodon innesi, i-English Neon Tetra)

Kuvulwe ngo-1936. Lapho ususe-aquariums, wenze i-Splash. Ukuze bathole umhlambi wezinhlanzi eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, abasemanzini babelungele ukunikela imali eningi. Intengo ephakeme kangako ibangelwa inani lezinhlanzi - bekukholelwa ukuthi ekudingisweni, i-neon ayizali, futhi bonke abantu bahoxa ebangeni labo lemvelo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kwavela ukuthi noma inhlanzi ingaphila emanzini alukhuni, ngokuzalanisa idinga ethambile kakhulu - ifinyelela ku-3 ° dH. Lapho nje inqubo yokuzalaniswa isuswe, intengo yehla kakhulu, futhi manje i-neon eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ibhekwa njengenye yezinhlanzi ezingabizi kakhulu.

I-Blue neon ibukeka kanjena:

• Ubukhulu bezinhlanzi bukhulu - kufinyelela ku-3 cm.
• Ngemuva kwe-neon eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kudwetshwe ngombala olula we-olive.
• Imicu ekhanyayo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka igijimela kuwo wonke umzimba, iqala emaphethelweni angaphambili eso futhi igcina ngokuphela kwamafutha.
• Umsila ovela emaphethelweni angaphambili we-anal fin kuya kwesiqu ubomvu ngombala.

I-neon ebomvu (lat.Paracheirodon axelrodi, Cardinal Tetra yesiNgisi)

Kuvulwe isikhashana, ngo-1956. Kanye emakethe, akazange abe nomqondo ophansi ukwedlula umfowabo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kodwa-ke, ihlukile kwe-neon eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngombala obomvu oqinile, oqala emaphethelweni wangemuva wamehlo bese ugijima wonke umzimba. Futhi, i-neon ebomvu ithambile ngaphezulu kusuka ezinhlangothini, futhi umzimba wayo ubanzi. Ekuzaleni, kuyinkimbinkimbi ngokwedlula amanye ama-neon.

UBlack Neon (i-Latin Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi, i-English Neon Tetra emnyama)

Inhlanzi enhle kakhulu, ebukekayo, engatheneki, ikakhulukazi ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokukhanya.

Njengawo wonke amanye ama-neon, imicu ekhanyayo idlula emzimbeni, kepha kwi-neon emnyama yisiliva. Ngaphansi kwayo kusuka eceleni kwamehlo kunombala omnyama onsomi.

I-Erythrosonus (Latin Hemigrammus erythrosonus, English Glowlight Tetra)

Ethandwa kakhulu, i-tetra esebenzayo yamasayizi amancane - aze afike ku-4 cm.

Ngemuva kwe-erythrosonus kuyadlula futhi kupendwe ngombala ophuzi ophuzi, futhi kusukela emaphethelweni angaphambili eso kuya esisekelweni sesiqu se-caudal kukhona umucu okhanyayo we-neon orange, njengokungathi kukhanya kusuka ngaphakathi. Imisebe yokuqala ye-dorsal fin ibomvu.

Ternia (lat.Gymnocorymbus ternetzi, isiNgisi. Umfelokazi Omnyama Tetra)

Inhlanzi enzima kakhulu, ethanda ukuthula, enobukhulu obumaphakathi bama-characin - ifinyelela ku-6 cm. Umzimba wayo mude, uthambile kusukela emaceleni, futhi sibonga i-anal fin yayo ebukeka sengathi iyindilinga. Izikali zesiliva zikhanya ngokukhanya okubonakalayo, okunikeza le nhlanzi ukubukeka okufana nohlamvu lwemali. Ingxenye egqamile yameva imnyama i-anal fin efana nesiketi. Umbala wenhlanzi ungwevu. Ngaphambili komzimba kukhona imivimbo emnyama mpo emnyama.

Inhlanzi okulula ukufuya kudala yathandwa abafuyi, futhi umuthi unomehluko wemibala eminingana: omnyama, wegolide ne-albino. Abantu abanezigqoko ezinde zangeveli nabo baye bavundiswa. Le nhlanzi ivame ukuba yisisulu sokufakelwa kombala ngemibala egqamile ehlukahlukene. Abantu abanjalo kufanele baphathwe ngokucophelela - ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, upende uyagezwa, ukungatheleleki buthaka futhi isikhathi sokuphila sincishisiwe.

Indaba ehluke ngokuphelele ukushintshwa kofuzo kwe-GlobalFish. Lezi zinhlanzi zazalungiswa kusetshenziswa ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo, futhi umbala uzuzwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zikhanya ngokukhanya kwe-UV kanye namalambu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.

Ameva e-GlobalFish ayatholakala ngale mibala elandelayo:

Izinhlanzi eziguqulwe ngofuzo zitholakala ngendlela efanayo nam ameva ajwayelekile.

I-Ornatus

Izinhlanzana ezinokuthula, eziqinile futhi zithandwa kakhulu e-aquarium. Inesimo somzimba esijwayelekile sama-characin.

Sekukonke, izinhlobo eziningana ziyaziwa: i-ornatus ejwayelekile, i-phantom emnyama, i-phantom ebomvu, i-ornatus ebomvu, noma i-rubostigma.

Kokuqukethwe, ukuzalanisa nokufudumala, kuyafana.

1. I-Ornatus vulgaris (Latin Hyphessobrycon bentosi, English Ornate Tetra). Umbala wemvelo wale tetra uyi-brownish-izitini ngamathiphu amhlophe qwa. Ngenxa yokukhethwa, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zatholwa - ama-ornatus amhlophe-amhlophe, apinki kanye namaveli. Kokuqukethwe ziyefana, njengoba zingamalungu ezinhlobo ezifanayo.
2. IBlack Phantom (Latin Hyphessobrycon megalopterus, English Black Phantom Tetra). Izinhlanzi ezihlaba umxhwele ngombala ompunga namaphiko amnyama.
3. I-Red Phantom (yesiLatini: Megalamphodus sweglesi, isiNgisi; Red Phantom Tetra). Kuwo wonke ama-ornatuse, kubhekwa njengento emnandi kakhulu futhi ukhetha ukuhlala emanzini apholile. Njengoba igama lisho, izithunzi ezibomvu zihamba phambili ngombala wazo. Umzimba uyadlula, futhi amaphiko anombala ocebile we-ruby.
4. I-ornatus enamachaphaza abomvu, noma i-rubostigma (lat.Hyphessobrycon erythrostigma, isiNgisi. Bleeding Heart Tetra). Kwesinye isikhathi sibizwa nge-tetra ngenhliziyo ekopha. Ngempela, le nhlanzi ibukeka ithakazelisa impela - umzimba wayo ungwevu onsomi enemibala epinki, inkungu ne-anal fin enamamaki amhlophe, futhi phakathi nomzimba kukhona ichashazi elibomvu elifana nesilonda. Eceleni kwegquma kukhona umucu we-neon ruby.

I-Tetra von rio (lat.Hyphessobrycon flammeus, i-English Flame Tetra)

Elinye lama-characin akhanyayo, elake lathandwa kakhulu ngaphambili. Ingaphambili lomzimba lingumnqumo noma liphuzi ngombala onamabala amnyama mpo, ngokushelela kuphenduke u-orange emsileni.

Ngokukhethwa, izinhlobo ngaphandle kwezimbali ezimnyama zatholakala. Kulokhu, umphambili womzimba uphuzi ophuzi, uphenduka owolintshi.

ISerpas (i-Latin Hyphessobrycon ilingana, iSerpae Tetra)

I-tetra enhle eqinile yombala wezitini ezikhanyayo. Phakathi kwamanye ama-characin, kubonakaliswa ubuxhwanguxhwangu futhi kubeka engcupheni ukudoba ngamainsimbi aseyili. Kodwa-ke, kwamanye ama-tetras nezakhamuzi ezihambahambayo ezinobungozi akuyona ingozi. Isici esiyingqayizivele sesikela yilezi zinhlamvu zomsila eziyindilinga.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi owandisiwe wokuzalela, kwaguqulwa imibala yesikela, ngombala wayo obomvu kakhulu. E-aquarium, ibizwa ngokuthi "omncane".

I-Lemon Tetra (i-Latin Hyphessobrycon pulchripinnis, i-English Lemon Tetra)

Okumangalisa kakhulu lobu ubuhle obuphuzi emihlambini emikhulu. Ngombala wayo, imibala yelamula iyanqoba, ubukhulu bayo buxhomeke kwimvelo nobungako bokuzinikezela. Izingxenye ezikhanyayo ze-tetra yelamula ziyizikhumba zayo ezimnyama-aphuzi namaphini we-anal, kanye ne-iris ebomvu yamehlo.

Emvelweni, ngezikhathi zengozi, ama-tetras kalamula adilizwa phansi emihlambini emikhulu, esebenzisa amabele akhanyayo ukudida umhlaseli ongaba khona.

Tetra amanda (lat.Hyphessobrycon amandae, Eng. Ember Tetra)

Le nhlanzi encane ngosayizi womzimba, usayizi nokuziphatha kufana neon. Umzimba wakhe omncanyana awudluli usayizi ongu-2 cm futhi unombala obomvu ocebile.

Ku-aquarium esanda kuvela futhi yathola ukuthandwa okukhulu phakathi kwabathandi bama-herbalists nama-nano-aquariums. I-ruby tetra izophela ngokujabulisayo ngemuva kwendawo eluhlaza eluhlaza okotshani.

I-Glass tetra (lat.Prionobrama filigera, i-English Glass Bloodfin Tetra)

Enye ye-tetras engajwayelekile futhi enhle. Umzimba wakhe uyathuthuka, futhi ngawo umgogodla wezinhlanzi ubonakala kahle. I-caudal fin, eqala esiqwini, inombala obomvu wegazi.

I-Tetra Congo (lat.Phenacogrammus interruptus, i-English Congo Tetra)

Le nhlanzi enhle, enombala uvela emfuleni ihlala e-Afrika Congo. Likhulu kakhulu (i-6-8 cm), futhi i-dimorphism yezocansi ibizwa kakhulu kulo kunabalingani baseNingizimu Melika. Abesilisa bayakhanya futhi abesifazane abengeziwe, banezinsephe ezinde zesembozo. Inhlanzi ngokwayo iyathandeka: umbala wayo ucwebezela kusuka kwesikhumba esiswini kuya kwesiphuzi emhlane. Ukuqina nobuhle kuya ngemvelo efanele.

I-Royal Tetra noma iTetra Palmyri (lat.Nematobrycon Palmeri, Eng. Emperor Tetra)

Izinhlanzi ezihehayo ezimangazayo nge-dimorphism ebekiwe. Ubukhulu bayo bukhulu - i-4 cm emadodeni kanye no-3.5 cm kwabesifazane. Umbala nokwakheka komzimba kuyathandeka kakhulu - ingemuva labesilisa bangamnqumo nge-lilac shimmer. Ukusuka ekuhlazeni kuya emsileni kukhona umucu omnyama, onqenqemeni olungaphezulu olucashile noluncane ophansi. Amaphiko aphuzi ngombala, kanti nomsila emadodeni kubukeka sengathi unesibhakela sesithathu esidlule.

Izinsikazi zincane, zibukeka ngandlela thile futhi azinomsila ophakeme njengowabesilisa.

I-Diamond Tetra (i-Latin Moenkhausia pittieri, i-English Tetra yesiNgisi)

Inhlanzi ehehayo egama layo ichaza ngokuphelele ukubukeka kwayo. Umzimba we-tetra yedayimane usilika, onezikali ezikhanyayo. Ezinye izikali ezisatshalaliswe ngokungafanele zenziwa ngemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi nohlaza okotshani, okwenza izinhlanzi zibukeke njengedayimane elihle kakhulu elinezici eziningi.