ICrested Merganser | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ukuhlukaniswa kwesayensi | |||||||||||
Umbuso: | Eumetazoi |
I-infraclass: | Ukuzalwa okusha |
I-Superfamily: | Anatoidea |
Subfamily: | Amadada wangempela |
Ubulili: | I-Crested Mergansers (Ama-Lophodyte I-Reichenbach, 1853) |
Buka: | ICrested Merganser |
- Mergus cucullatus
ICrested Merganser (lat. Lophodytes cucullatus) - inyoni yomndeni wedada.
Incazelo
I-plumage yowesifazane onsundu onesigqoko esifushane esibomvana. Izingulu zemvula zibomvu ngombala onsundu, uqhwaku limpunga ophuzi. Abesifazane banesisindo ngokwesilinganiso mayelana ne-550 g, abesilisa bafinyelela isisindo esibalelwa ku-650 g.
Engutsheni yokuhlobisa, owesilisa unesibunu esikhulu kakhulu sezimpaphe ezimhlophe namnyama ekhanda. I-plumage yesifuba ngumbala omnyama nomhlophe ohlukile, kuyilapho izinhlangothi zomzimba zinenqwaba yephunga elibomvu. UBill ngombala ophuzi ngasisekelo, iris ephuzi. Egqokeni lasebusika, abesilisa bafana nabesifazane, bahluke kubo ngombala wamazinga wemvula futhi ikakhulukazi emqubeni omhlophe wamabele abo. Abesilisa baqala ukuncibilika ngoJuni futhi vele ukuqala ngo-Okthoba bathola izingubo zabo zokuvuthwa.
Ukubhebhetheka
ICrested Merganser ijwayelekile emahlathini ama-coniffort aseNyakatho Melika, endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi yi-boral zone. Ihlala emachibini azungezwe amahlathi, emameleni anesiwulu, nangasogwini lwemifula egeleza kancane. Ubuningi babantu kulezi zifunda buphansi, ngenxa yokuthi busebenzisa izimbobo zezihlahla zokudlela izidleke futhi bancintisana nezinye izinhlobo ezifana neCaroline duck, i-gogol ejwayelekile, i-gogol encane ne-merganser enkulu. Endaweni yokwakha izidleke, ingabhekwa kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba.
ICrested Merganser icashe ngemifula nasezigodini ezinkulu ogwini lwe-Atlantic nolwePacific lwaseNyakatho Melika. Kungabonakala lapho kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya maphakathi noFebhuwari. ICrested Merganser nayo ingeyezinyoni ezifudukayo, ezihlanganisa ibanga elifushane ngesikhathi sendiza. Bayama ngenkathi indiza yabo ikakhulukazi emifuleni.
Ukuzala
Ukuthandana kwabantu besifazane kuqala ngoFebhuwari, ngaphambi nje kokuba izinyoni ziqale ukundiza ezindaweni ezidlekayo. Ukuhlangana kwenzeka kakade ezindaweni zobusika.
ICrested Merganser isetshenziswa njengesidleke sembobo yesihlahla, esisendaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-8 ngaphezu komhlaba. Endaweni eseningizimu impela yokusatshalaliswa, amadada aqala ukushesha ngokuqala ngasekupheleni kuka-Ephreli. Endaweni esenyakatho yokusatshalaliswa, lokhu kwenzeka ngoJuni. Ku-clutch kusuka ku-6 kuye ku-12 nxazonke, amaqanda amhlophe amahle. Hatching ihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-30.
Owesifazane unakekela amachwane, ahambisana nawo ikakhulukazi emanzini angajulile eceleni komngcele wezitshalo. Ukufiphaliswa kwamachwane kuye kwaba nsundu ngombala omude onendawo ekhanyayo. Izinyoni ezincane zifana nowesifazane, futhi ukuvela kwazo kufushane kakhulu. Izinyoni ezincane ziba namaphiko emva kwezinsuku ezingama-70. Izinyoni zifinyelela eminyakeni yokuthomba cishe ngeminyaka emi-2. Kusuka onyakeni wesithathu wokuphila, abesilisa banempahla yokugqoka esekhulile ngokuphelele.
Incazelo
I-Hood merganser iyi-dimorphism yezocansi yezinhlobo. Owesifazane osemdala unomzimba onsundu onsundu oboshwe ngebhandeshi elimhlophe elincanyana esifubeni nasesiswini esingezansi. Ine-crest ekhanyayo ebomvu onsundu evela kusuka emuva kwekhanda. Esikhathini sokuzala, owesilisa uyafana nowesifazane, ngaphandle kokuthi iso lakhe liphuzi futhi namehlo ansikazi ansundu.
Ngendlela agqokwa ngayo esifundeni se-dorsal kanye nekhanda, intamo nesifuba sowesilisa ovuthiwe, imnyama kakhulu inamamaki amhlophe.Kunamabala amakhulu amhlophe nhlangothi zombili ze-crest, futhi aqapheleka ikakhulukazi lapho evusa inkolo yakhe ngesikhathi sokuthandana. Izinhlangothi zaso eziphansi zicebile ngombala obomvu onsundu noma esifubeni ngombala, kanti amabele nalawa angaphansi amhlophe acishe abe mhlophe, adlulela kwimivimbo emhlophe kulo lonke isiko nasesifubeni.
Bobabili ubulili bunemivimbo emincane emincane eduze kwephiko lezinto ezinwebekayo, lapho inyoni isaphumule iba nokubonakala kwemivimbo emide emide eduze kwenyoni engezansi, uma kubonakala.
Okokuqala, izinyoni zasebusika zihlukile kwabesifazane abadala ngokubukeka ngoba zinentamo empunga onsundu nengxenye engenhla, izingxenye ezingaphezulu zabesifazane abadala zimnyama kakhulu - cishe zimnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinyoni ezincane zinemiphetho emhlophe emincane kwizimpaphe zazo eziphakeme kunabantu abadala. Abesifazane bayo yonke iminyaka banamehlo amnyama, kuyilapho emadodeni amehlo abo eba mnyama ebusika babo bokuqala.
Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Abafuduki bazulazula benama-hood amafushane, futhi kusebusika e-United States ezifundeni lapho amazinga okushisa ebusika evumela izimo ezingenawo iqhwa emachibini, emachibini nasemifuleni. Banamabanga amabili amakhulu unyaka wonke. Elinye lisempumalanga ye-United States lisuka eningizimu yeCanada nomngcele wase-US oGwini lwe-Atlantic luya eGulf of Mexico eMississippi Delta. Uhla oluncane lweminyaka yonke lusuka eWashington State naseningizimu yeBritish Columbia luya enyakatho ne-Idaho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, zizalela ngezinga elithile ezifundeni ukusuka eMissouri kuya eningizimu Canada kanye naseNova Scotia kuya empumalanga North Dakota naseSaskatchewan, zifuduka njengoba kudingeka ukugwema izimo zobusika.
Ukuthanda i-hood, i-merganser ihlala emizaneni emincane yamanzi, njengamachibi nasezigcobeni ezincane, lapho kukhona khona izimila zamanzi ezivelayo ngokwanele, kodwa futhi kuhlala izindawo ezinkulu, izihlambi, ihlathi nomfula kugcwele. Zikhetha amanzi amasha, kepha zitholakala nasemizimbeni kasawoti.
Ukwehlela eYurophu
Yize i-hooded merganser iyinhlobo evamile yokuthunjwa eYurophu futhi ezinhlobonhlobo eziningi zezilwane zasendle ezirekhodiwe kubhekwa njengezihlumela, inani elincane lezinyoni liye labonwa njengama-tramp asendle ngempela. I-UK yamanje iyirekhodi lokuqala lezinyoni elamukelwa ngokuvamile elabonakala eNorth Whist ngo-Okthoba 2000. Inani elincane livame ukubonwa eDublin, kodwa kufanele lishabalale.
Ukudla
I-hooded merganser iyisidakamizwa esidonsayo esidla izindlebe lapho ibona kakhulu lapho ingaphansi kwamanzi. Ucwaningo oluningi lukhombisa ukuthi ukudla okudlayo kuyahlukahluka ngokuya ngezimo, imvamisa amandla ezinhlanzi (44-81%). Ngaphezu kwalokho, idla izinambuzane zasemanzini (13-20% wokudla kwayo) nezinye izinhlwathi zasemanzini, ezinjengamkhaza kanye no-crayfish (22-50%).
Ukuzala
Abesilisa nabesifazane abasezinhlungwini bakha isihlanganisi sombhangqwana, futhi bahlala ndawonye kuze kube yilapho lona wesifazane esekhethe umgodi wokudlela kanye nokuphothula kokubeka ukubamba kwakhe. Emva kwalokho, owesilisa ushiya insikazi ukuba ifukamele futhi inakekele amazinyane. Abesifazane bazofuna ngentshiseko izikhala ezihlahleni ezifile noma emabhokisini esidleke wokufakelwa, njengaleyo eyenzelwe amadada esihlahla esidlekayo. Bancamela izimbobo ezi-4-15 amamitha ukusuka emhlabathini. Ukuzala kabusha kwenzeka nganoma isiphi isikhathi kusuka ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari kuze kube sekupheleni kukaJuni, kuya ngesifunda.
Owesifazane uzobeka amaqanda amaningi ayi-7-16, kodwa aqale ukungena lapho iqanda lokugcina selibekwe, ngaleyo ndlela ahlinzeke ngesikhathi esifanayo. Onke amachwane ngakho-ke ayalingana, okusiza ukunakekelwa kwabazali okusebenzayo. Ngesikhathi sokufukelwa, insikazi ingalahlekelwa ndawo ndawo ephakathi kuka-8% no-16% wesisindo somzimba wayo.
Njengama -fowfowl amaningi, amachwane we-merganser afakelwe amabhuku futhi asuka esidlekeni kungakapheli amahora angama-24 eqalile, ahlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele ukuba abambe hatching okuvumelanisiwe. Ngemuva kokushiya isidleke, amancanyana ayakwazi ukudonsa futhi aqoqane, kepha aqhubeke nokuhlala nowesifazane ukuze afudumale futhi avikeleke.
Ukuphathwa nokulondolozwa
Ukwehla kwenani labantu esikhathini esidlule bekuhlotshaniswa nokuqothulwa kwamahlathi amakhulu. Njengoba lezi zingcingo zamanzi zinezidleke, zidinga izihlahla ezivuthiwe lapho zitholakala khona indawo efanelekile yokwakha izidleke. Kuphakanyisiwe ukuthi eminyakeni yamuva ukuphathwa kwezinkuni uqobo kukhula indawo yalo efinyeleleka ngempumelelo. Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphathweni kwendawo enamahlathi yedada ledada ukunakekela inani elanele lezihlahla ezivuthiwe lapho imigwaqo efanelekile yokwakha izidleke iningi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la madada asebenzisa amabhokisi e-nesting okwenziwa, uma ekhona.
Ngenxa yokuthembela kwabo kakhulu ekuphangeleni kwamanzi, ama-hood abelokhu encipha kakhulu ekulimaleni kusuka ezinhlotsheni eziningi zokungcola, ezinye zazo eziyizinto ezinobuthi ezinqwabelana ezintweni eziphilayo zokudla, zinikeze ubuthi ngokuqondile eziphakeme emgqeni wokudla, futhi ezinye zazo zimane zinciphise inyamazane yazo. .
Izimpawu zangaphandle ze-hood merganser.
I-Hood merganser inosayizi womzimba ongama-50 cm, amaphiko: kusuka ku-56 kuya ku-70 cm. Isisindo: 453 - 879 g. IHood merganser ngummeleli omncane kakhulu we-merganser eNyakatho Melika, ucishe abe usayizi wedada likaCaroline. I-plumage yeduna iyinhlanganisela emangalisayo yabamnyama, abamhlophe nabansundu. Ikhanda, intamo kanye nezimpaphe zomzimba kumnyama, i- phrum impunga. Umsila onsundu onsundu. Umphimbo, isifuba nesisu kumhlophe.
ICrested Merganser, noma iHood Merganser (Lophodytes cucullatus)
Imichilo emibili enemiphetho emnyama engalingani imaka izinhlangothi zesifuba. Izinhlangothi zinsundu noma zimdaka - zibomvu. Esiduna, okuphawuleka kakhulu i-plumage ye-nape, ethi, uma ingenzeki, ikhombisa inhlanganisela emangalisayo yabamhlophe nabansundu.
Lapho owesilisa esekuphumule, khona-ke ubuhle bonke buncishiswa kube umucu olula nobubanzi obumhlophe emuva kweso. Izinsikazi nezinyoni ezincane zicishe zifane. Zinemibala emnyama yamapulangwe: grey-brown or brown-brown. Intamo, isifuba nezinhlangothi zingwevu, ikhanda limsundu. Ukukholwa kowesifazane onsundu ngombala ngamacebo kasinamoni, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngamathiphu amhlophe. Onke amadada amancane nawo anezimpaphe “ezifanayo” ezifanayo, kodwa amancane. Abesilisa abasebasha akudingeki ukuthi babe ne-crest.
IHood Merganser kuNdiza
Indawo yokuhlala yeHood Merganser.
Ama-hood mergansers akhetha indawo yokuhlala efana namadada kaCarolyn. Bakhetha amachibi anamanzi azolile, angajulile futhi anamanzi acwebile, phansi, anesihlabathi noma amatshe akhanyayo.
Njengomthetho, ama-hood mergansers ahlala ezindlini zokugcina ezitholakala eduze kwamahlathi anqobayo: imifula, amachibi amancanyana, amahlathi, amadamu eduze kwamamayela, amachibi noma amadamu amakhulu akhiwe emadamini we-beaver.
Kodwa-ke, ngokungafani nama-carolins, ama-hood mergansers akuthola kunzima ukuthola ukudla ezindaweni lapho imifudlana ebhubhisayo enamandla igeleza khona futhi ifune amanzi azolile ngokugeleza okuhamba kancane. Amadada nawo atholakala emachibini amakhulu endawo.
Ukuziphatha kweHood Merganser.
IHood merganser ifuduka ekwindla sekwephuzile. Bahamba bodwa, ngababili noma ngemihlambi emincane emabangeni amafushane. Iningi labantu elihlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yebanga libhabhela eningizimu, libheke ezindaweni ezingasogwini ezwekazini, lapho lihlala khona emanzini. Zonke izinyoni ezihlala ezindaweni ezifudumele zihlala phansi. Ama-Hood mergansers andiza ngokushesha futhi aphansi.
Ngesikhathi sokudla, acwiliswa emanzini futhi athole ukudla ngaphansi kwamanzi. Izidladla zazo zidonswa ngemuva komzimba, njengamadada amaningi, njengama-mallards. Lesi sici sibenza baxineke emhlabathini, kepha emanzini abanazincintisanayo kwezobuciko bokubhukuda nokubhukuda. Ngisho namehlo ahlehiswa ukuze abonwe ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Umsoco we-hood merganser.
Ama-Hood mergansers anokudla okuhlukahlukene okuhlukile kunamanye ama-harles amaningi. Zidla ezinhlanzini ezincane, ama-tadpoles, amasele kanye nama-invertebrates: izinambuzane, ama-crustaceans amancane, iminenke nezinye izimbaza. Amadada nawo adla imbewu yezitshalo zasemanzini.
IHood Merganser ngenkathi ifuna ukudla