Kuyamangaza ukuthi kungani kuyinyoni enhle kangaka eqhoshayo efake lo muthi wokungcwaba ongathandeki. Phambilini bekukholelwa ukuthi leli khozi lidla kuphela u-carrion, ngakho-ke baqala ukulibiza kanjalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi inyoni ihlala ithanda ukuhlola indawo ezungeze izindunduma, yafika nokucacisa "indawo yokungcwaba". Kodwa-ke, sekutholakale isikhathi eside ukuthi ukudliwa okuyinhloko kokhozi kungumdlalo omusha.
Kepha, njengoba le nyoni ingenakuvikela igama layo, akekho oye uyiqambe kanjalo. Ukhozi lomngcwabo - inyamazane enkulu phakathi kwezinyoni. Ubude bomzimba wakhe buyi-83-85 cm, amaphiko afinyelela kumamitha ama-2, kanti ukhozi lunesisindo esingama-4.5 kg. Kuyamangaza ukuthi abesifazane bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa.
Ngombala weplamu lawo, indawo yokungcwaba ifana kakhulu nokhozi lwegolide, kuphela mnyama kakhulu. Futhi mncane kunokhozi lwegolide ngosayizi. Ungahlukanise futhi phakathi kwalezi zinyoni ezimbili ngezinsiba ezisekhanda nasentanyeni, cishe zinombala otshaniniwe emngcwabeni, zimnyama ngokhozi lwegolide.
Izinkozi zegolide azinazo “i-epauletti” - amabala amhlophe emahlombe abo. Kepha lo mehluko ungabonakala kuphela ezinyoni zakudala ezineminyaka yobudala emi-5, kuze kube yileso sikhathi, abantu abasha abanawo umbala "wokugcina".
Le nyoni inomsindo omkhulu. Umcimbi ngamunye, noma ungabalulekanga kangako, uhambisana "nokuphawula". Noma ngabe yindlela yomphikisi, ukubonakala kohlobo oluthile lwesilo noma lomuntu, nhlobo indawo yokungcwaba izinyoni kuphendula ngomsindo omkhulu, oyisidlakela.
Futhi kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuthi okamemezayo azithulele ngesikhathi sokucinga nokuheha intombazane. Izwi lendawo yokungcwaba likhulu, lizwakala kude lekhilomitha. Imisindo iyahlukahluka, kwesinye isikhathi kufana neqhubu eliyigobongo, kwesinye isikhathi kufana nokukhonkotha kwenja, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kutholwa ikhwela elide, eliphansi. Amanye amashiya awekho "ayakhuluma."
Lalela izwi lomngcwabo
Ukhetha izindawo ezinama-steppe, ama-step-steppe nezindawo eziwugwadule, wakhetha amahlathi aseningizimu ye-Eurasia, e-Austria naseSerbia. Uzizwa ekhululekile kakhulu eRussia, eningizimu-ntshonalanga, angatholakala e-Ukraine, Kazakhstan, eMongolia naseNdiya.
Naphezu kokusatshalaliswa okubanzi okunje, inani lalezi lincane kakhulu. Ososayensi be-ornithologists bayalazi inani eliqondile lamabili lapho akhona. Kuyacaca ukuthi ngamandla anjalo indawo yokungcwaba ibhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu.
Isimilo nendlela yokuphila
Umsebenzi oyinhloko wale nyoni uwa ngosuku. Lapho nje ilanga liphuma futhi imisebe ivusa imvelo ebuthongweni ebusuku, ukhozi luyandizela ngenhla komhlaba. Ufuna inyamazane. Kusekuseni nantambama lapho umbono wakhe ukuvumela ukuba ubone ngisho negundane elincane kakhulu ekuphakameni okukhulu. Futhi ebusuku inyoni ithanda ukuphumula.
Ama-Eagles awagcini amaphakethe, wona uqobo angakwazi ukubekezelela noma yiziphi izinkinga ngesimo sezitha. Futhi abanazo izitha ezisobala, ngaphandle komuntu. Noma ngabe kunqatshelwe ukubamba lokhu okunezinwele, umuntu ubamba izindawo zokungcwaba azithengisayo. Uma inyoni ingejwayelekile, kubiza kakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadolobha akhulayo ashiya isikhala esincane sezinyoni esidlekeni, kanye nemigqa lapho ugesi udlula khona lapho ubulala lezi zinyoni ngokungenacala. Le nyoni eqhoshayo, ngeke ize ibe ihlazo. Ngisho nalabo abangenela esifundeni sabo, indawo yokungcwaba okokuqala uxwayisa ngokukhala, bese kuthi lapho lowo ohlaselayo engenacala aqhubeke nebhizinisi lakhe, anganaki lesi sixwayiso, ahlasele inyoni.
Ngemuva kokuhlaselwa okunjalo, bambalwa abasindayo. Kodwa-ke, leli khozi alilwi nomakhelwane balo futhi aliphuli imingcele yendawo uqobo. Yebo akunzima - azikho izindawo eziningi zokungcwaba izinyoni, ngakho-ke ukugxila kwabo endaweni eyodwa kuncane kakhulu, futhi indawo yenyoni eyodwa inezindawo ezinkulu lapho kunokudla okwanele.
Ukudla kwendawo yokungcwaba
Imenyu eyinhloko yezinyoni ngamagundane nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Lokhu kufaka ama-gophers, amagundane, ama-hamsters, ama-marmots kanye nama-hares. Ukhozi alunengiso futhi alunamibala. Ikhetha ikakhulukazi i-grouse ne-corvidae. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi indawo yokungcwaba yanele izinyoni kuphela lapho zihamba, futhi ukhozi aluzithinti izinyoni ezindizayo.
Kwenzeka ukuthi inyoni kufanele idle futhi i-carrion. Lokhu kwenzeka kaningi entwasahlobo. Okwamanje, akuwona wonke amagundane asephelile futhi aphelelwe ama-mink, ngakho-ke, izindawo zokungcwaba, ezisanda kufika kusuka ebusika futhi ezilungiselela ukubonakala kwenzalo, azisekho okhethweni.
Inyoni eyodwa idinga ukudla okungama-600 g. Ezikhathini ezinhle kunazo zonke, ukhozi lungadla amakhilogremu amaningi, ngeke life uma lidla ukudla okungama-200 g. Kepha entwasahlobo, amabutho adingeka kakhulu, ngakho-ke, izidumbu zezilwane ezifuywayo ezifile kanye nezidumbu zezilwane ezingasindanga ebusika ziyasetshenziswa.
Ukuzala kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside
Abashadikazi bahlala njalo. Izikhathi eziningi, ngisho nasebusika, izinyoni ezimbili zinamathela ndawonye. Ngakho-ke, lapho befika kusuka ebusika, imidlalo yokuzalela ihlelwe ikakhulukazi yizinkozi ezisencane, ezingazange zikwazi ukudala i-“conjugal” tandem.
Ama-Eagles angaqala ukwakha umndeni wawo kanye nokuzalela inzalo kuphela lapho iminyaka yawo isidlulile eyingqophamlando eneminyaka engama-5-6. Futhi-ke, ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli, abesilisa nabesifazane baba nezinkinga kakhulu. Bakhuphuka esibhakabhakeni futhi bakhombisa konke abangakwazi, benza ama-pirouette amangalisayo, bedonsela ukunaka kumuntu wabo.
Lonke leli khono lihambisana nokuduma okukhulu, okungamisi. Lokhu kuziphatha akubonakali kakhulu, ngakho-ke ngababili abasha benziwa ngokushesha okukhulu. Imibhangqwana emidala indiza iye ezindaweni lapho ibidle khona eminyakeni edlule bese iqala ukuthuthukisa ikhaya layo, ngenxa yalokho isidleke sikhula minyaka yonke.
Esithombeni, isidleke sokhozi
Izinkozi, ezazingenaso isidleke esihlanganayo ngaphambili, ziqala ukwakha ngokuzikhethela kwendawo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kukhethwa umuthi omude, futhi ebangeni elingamamitha ayi-15-25 ukusuka phansi, kwakhiwa indlu entsha ngobukhulu besiqhelelo. Ifanele ukwakha nokwakha idwala. Isidleke senziwe ngamahlumela, amagxolo, utshani obomile kanye nemfucumfucu ehlukahlukene, efanelekile njengezinto zokwakha.
Ububanzi besidleke esisanda kwakhiwa bufika ku-150 cm, futhi ukuphakama kwawo kufinyelela kuma-70 cm. Kuyenzeka ukuthi esakhiweni 'esikhulu kangaka' bathola iziphephelo kanye nezinyoni ezingathembekile kakhulu - ondlunkulu, izinqola noma ama-jackdaws ahlala ngaphansi kwendlu yokhozi. Ngemuva kokwakha, insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-1-3 bese iwadonsa izinsuku ezingama-43.
Ukhozi lwenduna lusiza ekuqandeni inzalo, kepha insikazi ihlala njalo. Imikhaza ivela ngaphandle kwezimpaphe, kepha imbozwe nge-fluff emhlophe. Isonto lonke, ukhozi alusuki ezinganeni zalo, luyazondla futhi luzifudumeza ngomzimba walo. Ngalesi sikhathi, inhloko yomndeni inakekela ukudla kukamama nezingane.
Kwenzeka ukuthi uma amachwane engeyona eyesi-2, njengenjwayelo, kepha eyi-3, iphupho elibuthakathaka kakhulu liyafa, kodwa inani lokufa kwamachwane okhozi lokungcwaba liphansi kakhulu kunelezinkozi zegolide futhi, kaningi, amaphuphu akhula ngokuphepha abe mdala. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2 ukuya kwezingama-25, amaphuphu ambozwe ngokuphelele ngempaphe futhi ame phiko.
Kodwa-ke, bahlala besondelene nabazali babo. Futhi afinyelela ekukhuleni ngisho nangemva kweminyaka engama-5-6. Isikhathi sokuphila kwezinkozi zamahhala ezivela ezinkozi ezihlala ezimweni ezenziwe ngobuciko sikhulu. Endle, kuyiminyaka engu-15 ukuya kwengama-20, kanti ezimeni ezenziwe ngumuntu, ifinyelela eminyakeni engama-55.
Unogada wokungcwaba
Inombolo indawo yokungcwaba izinyoni ngokwesabeka okuncane. Kubhalwe ku-Red Book isikhathi eside, noma kunjalo, lokhu akunikezeli ingqondo ngokuphepha okuphelele. Ukuzingela, izindawo ezintsha zokwakha, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi - konke lokhu kubulala ukubuka. Ukugcina ukhozi, izinqolobane ziyakhiwa, izinyoni zidotshwa ezindaweni zokugcina izilwane, zakha izimo ezindaweni ezivikelwe ngokukhethekile. Kuyathenjwa ukuthi lezi zinkozi ngeke zinyamalale, kodwa zizokhuphuka esibhakabhakeni ngokuphepha okuphelele.
Ukhozi lokungcwaba lincane kunokhozi lwegolide, lunamaqhubu nezintelezi ezibuthakathaka. Le inyoni efudukayo. Indawo yokungcwaba ihlala emahlathini ama-steppes, ama-steppes, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ihlala ngisho naseziwugwadule.
Ukuhlonza - Izinyoni ezidla inyama
Umndeni - Hawk
Uhlobo / Izinhlobo - Akila heliaca
Imininingwane eyisisekelo:
Ubude: 80-85 cm, insikazi inkulu kakhulu kunowesilisa.
I-Wingspan: I-190-210 cm.
Ukuthomba: kusuka eminyakeni engama-4-5.
Isikhathi sokukhulelwa: Mashi-Meyi.
Ukuthwala: unyaka 1.
Inani lamaqanda: 2-3.
Ukubeka: Izinsuku ezingama-43.
Ukondla amachwane: Izinsuku ezingama-65-77.
Imisebenzi: Izinkozi zokungcwaba (ezifanekiselwa) ziyizinyoni ezinyanyayo, ezigcinwe ngababili, zizingela phakathi nosuku.
Ukudla: izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinyoni, i-carrion.
Iskhathi sempilo: Iminyaka eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20.
Ukhozi, ukhozi olukhulu olunamagqabha, futhi ukhozi lwensika lolohlobo.
Ukhozi lokungcwaba kuzo zonke izingxenye zobubanzi bawo lungaphansi kokuvikelwa, kepha, ngaphandle kwalokhu, inani labantu liyaqhubeka ukuncipha. Isibalo esincane sezinyoni ezitholakala eYurophu. Abantu abaphansi nabaphansi bayakwazi ukubuka umdanso wokuqhathanisa waleli khozi elihle nelinhle.
Ukusikisela
Izinkozi zamathuna ayizinyoni ezinyantisa ezisebenzisa impilo yazo yonke nomlingani oyedwa. Njalo ngonyaka babuyela esidlekeni esifanayo. Ukufika evela emazweni afudumele, amathuna enza imidanso yokuqothula - izinyoni zikhuphuka ngaphezu kwesidleke, bese ziphonsa phansi itshe, kwesinye isikhathi zihlangana komunye nomunye ngamawashi alo futhi ziwele emoyeni. Izindawo zokungcwaba ngokubambisana zakha isidleke samagatsha esihlahleni esisodwa eside. Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ama-2-3. Bobabili abazali bafaka amaqanda ngokuhlukile. Iphuphu elihlafunwe kuqala likhulu ngosayizi namandla kwabanye. Amazibulo adla okuningi okuphakelayo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi aze abulale nabafowabo abancane. Kodwa-ke, izindawo zokungcwaba zivame ukukhulisa amachwane amabili. Ukuvuthwa kokufika kwesikhathi nobungako obuphansi bezinhlobo kuyisizathu esikhulu esenza ukuthi inani lezinyoni ezindaweni eziningi lihlale liphansi kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho ukusetshenziswa kwezithako zokufakelwa kwezolimo kuthinta kabi inani lezinkozi.
ISIQINISO
Ngokuqala kobusika, izinkozi eziningi zokungcwaba zindiza zisuka eYurophu ziye e-Asia noma eNyakatho ne-Afrika, ziye ePhalamende lase-Arabia naseMiddle East ziye e-Iran.
Ubusika obubanda kakhulu, ziya phambili izinyoni. Lapho-ke omncane kubo undiza. Ngesikhathi indiza ende, ukhozi lokungcwaba ligcina amandla futhi lusebenzisa ingaphezulu lamaphiko alo ukuhlela ngemisinga yomoya.
Njengoba esekhulekele ekuphakameni okwenele ngokwanele, kancane kancane wehlela emfuleni olandelayo womoya, ophinda uvuse inyoni phezulu. Izindawo zokungcwaba azibeki engcupheni yokundizela phezu kwemizimba emikhulu yamanzi, ngoba azikho izivunguvungu zomoya ezifudumele kulezi zindawo futhi izinyoni kufanele zichithe umzamo omkhulu.
LAPHO UKUPHILA
Ukhozi lokungcwaba luhlala emaphethelweni, emahlathini, ezindaweni eziwugwadule, emathafeni avulekile nakwezinye izindawo ngisho nogwadule. Le nyoni itholakala endaweni ephansi yezintaba. Imvamisa, ukhozi lokungcwaba luhlala endaweni enamanzi, enotshani enezihlahla ezingandile nezihlahla zezimila ezinamahlahla. Amabili athela endaweni ekude ukusuka komunye nomunye, izindawo zawo zihlukaniswe yiqembu elingathathi hlangothi. Izindawo zokuzingela indawo yokungcwaba zimboza indawo engaba ngama-50 km 2.
Ngo-1920s, izinkozi zokungcwaba zazihlala eDanube Delta eRomania ngamanani amakhulu, lapho kuwo wonke amakhilomitha amathathu omfula bekukhona isidleke esisodwa sokhozi. Izinyoni eziningi nsuku zonke zihamba zifuna ukudla okude nesidleke, ngakho-ke insimu yamabili angaba yikhulu kakhulu.
Eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu edlule, inani lezilwane lezi zinyoni ezidla inyamazane lehle kakhulu eYurophu. Ukuthuthuka kakhulu kwezolimo kwaphenduka izitebhisi zaba ngamasimu amakhulu lapho izinduku ezincane zingasakwazi ukuzala ngentshiseko.
Ezintabeni zaseCentral Asia, enye inkinga yanezelwa kule nkinga - ukuntuleka kwezihlahla ezilungele izidleke, ezingamelana nokuhlaliswa kokhozi. Namuhla, ukhozi lokungcwaba lutholakala luphansi futhi lungaphansi.
YINI UKUDLA
Njengamanye amakhozi, indawo yokungcwaba idla ngokuyidla inyamazane ebukhoma, kepha ayiyikukhuni ukudliwa, okuthi ngesikhathi esithile kube ukudla kwayo okuyinhloko - lokhu kwenzeka ebusika obunzima lapho kunzima ukuthola inyamazane ebukhoma.
Ukhozi lokungcwaba lubheka isisulu, luhleli esihlahleni eside, silubone, lusheshe luvela phezulu. Ngemuva kokuphishekela okufushane, ukhozi luvame ukweqa isisulu bese lugaya kuso ngesigaxa salo esinamandla futhi sibukhali, njengamabala, uzipho. Ebangeni eliningi, isisekelo sokudla kwendawo yokungcwaba siqukethe ama-hares, ama-hamsters, ama-squirrels omhlaba, onogwaja nezinye izinduku ezincane. Le nyoni edla inyama iyakwazi ukubamba inyamazane enkulu enesisindo esifinyelela ku-5 kg. Ubuye asebenzise izinyoni, njengamadada amancanyana, amahansi, amagwababa, ngisho namalangabi.
Ama-subspecies aseSpain ahlala ezintabeni zeCentral and Southern Spain adla kakhulu onogwaja. Izinkozi zokungcwaba azihlali nje kuphela, kepha zivame ukuzingela ngababili: inyoni eyodwa iyawesabisa umdlalo bese iwudonsela kwelinye, elimi lilungele. Ngemuva kokuba bobabili bakwazi ukubamba inyamazane, bayidla ndawonye.
Amaqiniso ATHANDAYO, UKWAZI.
- Ababili bamathuna minyaka yonke balungisa izidleke zabo, bengeza namagatsha amasha kubo. Ubuningi besidleke bukhula njalo, futhi igatsha elibekwe phezu kwalo alihlali lixhasa lo mthwalo, ngakho-ke lungaqhekeka.
- Kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, naphezu kokuvinjelwa okusemthethweni, abantu basaqhubeka nokulwa izimpungushe nezimpisi ngamabheji e-strychnine, abulala izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane, kubandakanya nezindawo zokungcwaba.
- Izizukulwane eziningana zezinkozi zokungcwaba zingasebenzisa isidleke esisodwa amashumishumi eminyaka ngisho namakhulu eminyaka.
- Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obukhulu, ukhozi lokungcwaba lusebenzisa izilwane ezincane, ngokwesibonelo, amasele, izibungu nezinambuzane.
IZIPHUMA ZESIFUNDO ZE-EAGLE-TOGETHER. ISIHLOKO
Indiza: imvamisa ukhozi lokungcwaba luhamba kancane esibhakabhakeni, lubambe inyamazane, luwele phezulu ngamaphiko asongelwe.
Amaqanda: insikazi ibeka okumhlophe okungama-2-3 amhlophe ngamaqanda ansundu amabala, okuyinto zombili izinyoni ezizitholela amasonto ayi-6.
Beak: iqinile, iboshwe - igobile, isebenza ukukhipha inyamazane.
I-Plumage: nsundu, cishe mnyama, kukhona amabala amhlophe ekhanda, emsileni, entanyeni nasemaphikweni. Izinyoni zabo bobabili ubulili ziyafana ngaphandle. Izinyoni ezincane zinamabala amaningi ansundu. Kuze kube yiminyaka engu-5 kube mnyama.
- Indawo yokuhlala ukhozi lokungcwaba
LAPHO UKUPHILA
Ukhozi lokungcwaba luhlala eSouthern Europe, North-West Africa nase-Asia. Ama-subspecies aseSpain asatshalaliswa endaweni enqunyelwe ezintabeni zeCentral and Southern Spain.
UKUVIKELA NOKUVIKELA
Ukhozi lokungcwaba lubhalwe eNcwadini ebomvu, isimo sabantu baso senza umbono ocindezelayo.
Umhlaba wokungcwaba wokhozi (1). Ividiyo (00:01:16)
U-Eagle Mogilnik watholakala otshanini enamaphiko alimele, esesimweni esibuthakathaka ngo-Okthoba 2010.
Ngiya emtholampilo wezilwane, ngoba izicubu zamaphiko zidliwe yizimpethu, odokotela basemtholampilo wezilwane banqume iphiko. Iphiko likala odongeni lwendlu). Njengamanje empilweni ephelele, udla inyama kuphela. Ukuphela kwento ayikwazi ukundiza, okuyiyo ngempela inhlekelele enkulu.
Usehlale nathi iminyaka emithathu.
Ubulili bokhozi nobudala abaziwa.
Uhlala kuphi
Ukhozi lolu lutholakala eNyakatho Afrika nase-Eurasia kusuka eSpain kuya eTransbaikalia. E-Russia, indawo yokungcwaba ihlala emaphethelweni aseningizimu yendawo ehlangene ehlathini, endaweni eyihlathi nase-steppe yengxenye yaseYurophu yeRussia naseningizimu yeSiberia. Isibalo sendawo yokungcwaba e-Russia yase-Europe singama-800 - 1000 ngazimbili, e-Asia ambalwa.
Izindawo zobusika (lapho izindawo zokungcwaba zindizela ngoSepthemba-Okthoba) zitholakala eSouth Asia nasenyakatho ne-Afrika.
Izindawo ezihlala izidleke zokhozi lwasebukhosini ziyimigqomo eyomile enezihlahla ezinde zikaphayini, zizungezwe yizikhala ezivulekile, imishayo yamahlathi, iziqithi zehlathi le-birch ne-oak.
Izimpawu zangaphandle
Ngaphandle, ukhozi lokungcwaba lufana okhozi lwegolide, luzinikela ngosayizi. Lesi isikhulu esikhulu somndeni we-hawk esinamaphiko anamandla amakhulu nomsila omude oqondile. Isisindo sezinyoni sisukela ku-2,5 kuye ku-4,5 kg, futhi ubude bomzimba bufinyelela ku-85 cm.
Emngcwabeni wangaphezulu kuphela kwekhanda kuphuzi
Umbala oyinhloko weplamu ngumbala onsundu, ucishe waba mnyama. Indawo yomsamo ilula, lapha izimpaphe zinezintambo zotshani. Imvamisa emahlombe ezindawo zokungcwaba umuntu angabona amabala amhlophe, okuthiwa ama-epauletti.Owesilisa nowesifazane abavuthiwe ngokobulili abahlukeki ngaphandle, kepha bagqoka okwabantu abadala kuphela ngonyaka wesithupha noma wesikhombisa wokuphila. I-wax kanye nemilenze iphuzi, kepha izindwani emilenzeni zimnyama-mnyama.
Izwi lendawo yokungcwaba likhala ngokuzwakalayo lokukhumbuza ukugoba kanye nokukhonkotha kwenja.
Izici Key
Inyoni yomngcwabo yokhozi olukhulu kakhulu, olufana nokwakheka nohlobo lokufakwa imibala kokhozi lwegolide, kepha incane kunalo. Ubude bomzimba bucishe bube ngu-70-80 cm, amaphiko ahlukahluka kusuka ku-175 kuya ku-215 cm, isisindo sowesilisa singama-2.5-4,5 kg. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Ukhozi luyinyoni enhle ngokubabazekayo enezwi elikhulu ngokuzwakalayo futhi ingeyomndeni wakwa-hawk. Le nhlobo inezigaqa ezinamandla, uqhwaku lomumo olugobile, nemisipha ekhule kahle kahle.
Izinkozi zinentamo eqinile nemilenze emide impela, ziyizidlakudla ezingenakuqhathaniswa. Zinezinyoni ezikhule kahle okuthiwa “izimpaphe” emilenzeni. Izinyoni zinamaphiko abanzi, ubude bazo bungaphezu kwamasentimitha angama-50. Izinkozi zindiza phezulu impela futhi zilandelela inyamazane ngaphandle kwezinkinga ngenxa yombono wazo omuhle kakhulu. Fly ngababili noma ngokuhlabelela. Umuzwa wokuhogela awuthuthukiswa neze. Bakhula ngokobulili eminyakeni emine kuya kwemihlanu.
Indlela Yokuphila Nokuzala
Izindawo zokungcwaba zidla inyamazane ehlukahlukene. Lokhu ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane: ama-squirrels, ama-hamsters, ama-marmot, ama hares, ijezi. Ziphinde zibambe amabanga okuhlangana, izigwaca, i-grouse, amahansi ezifuywayo, amadada, izinyoni, izinyoni zasogwini, abagibeli abancane. Ziphinde zidle izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezahlukahlukene kanye nezinambuzane ezinkulu, futhi azideleli ukugcwala.
Umhlaba wokungcwaba ufuna inyamazane
Imvamisa inkathi yokuzalela iqala ngoMashi. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa bahlela izindiza zokubukisa, bezama ukuheha ukunakwa kwabesifazane. Kulokhu bazama ukufeza ukuphelela, ngoba sikhuluma ngobudlelwano bempilo! Owesilisa nowesifazane bahlala besondelene eduze nobusika, kanye nangezindiza. Njengoba sebekhethe indawo yokuhlela isidleke, lo mbhangqwana uyaqhubeka nokwakha. Indawo efanayo yokwakha isidleke izosetshenziswa yibo iminyaka eminingana. Isidleke sakhiwe esihlahleni esidala, esivame ukuphakama ngamamitha ayi-10 kuye kwangama-25 ngaphezu komhlaba. Izinto zokwakha zingamahlamvu amakhulu namagatsha, futhi ngaphakathi esidlekeni kufakwe izinaliti, iminyuzi noma umquba wamahhashi. Womabili la malungu umbhangqwana ubamba iqhaza elikhulu ekuhleleni ikhaya elizayo, kepha owesifazana uneqhaza eliholayo. Ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu, ubeka amaqanda amathathu kuya kwamathathu, ngakho-ke amachwane awazalwa ngasikhathi sinye.
Grave Eagle Nest
Kusukela ngesikhathi sokubeka iqanda lokuqala, insikazi iqala ukufukamela, ethatha isilinganiso sezinsuku ezingama-43. Esontweni lokuqala ngemuva kokuvela kwamachwane, insikazi ichitha sonke isikhathi esidlekeni, ifudumele futhi ivikele amajakhethi abuthaka phansi. Ngalesi sikhathi, iduna lizingela futhi lilethe inyamazane. Imvamisa yenkukhu encane kakhulu iyafa, ihluleka ukuncintisana nabafowabo abadala, kepha lokhu kwenzeka kaningi. Am amaphuphu aba namaphiko cishe ezinsukwini ezingama-77-80 ngemuva kokushiya imijondolo yegobolondo.
Isibalo
Okwamanje, emvelweni, inhlanganisela efanelekile yezimo zokuthola izidleke efanelekile indawo yokungcwaba nokudla okwanele kokudla akuvamile kakhulu. Ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi, imililo, ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kwezindawo, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, ukuzingela izinkukhu, konke lokhu kunethonya elibi kakhulu ngobuningi balezi zinhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi zinyoni ziyazingelwa ukwenza izilwane ezigxishwe umoya kuzo. Leli yibhizinisi elinenzuzo enhle, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokuthumela phesheya. Amathuna asemancane futhi angenakho okuhlangenwe nakho avame ukufa ngenxa yokushaqeka kukagesi ezigxotsheni zezintambo zikagesi. Abanye bayizisulu zabazingeli bezindlela zokufuduka.
Ngokuvamile, izinyoni zijwayela impilo ekudingisweni. Kusukela ngo-1990, eGalichia Gora Nature Reserve kuye kwaba nenkulisa yokuzalanisa izindawo zokungcwaba izinkozi. Ukubuka kuvikelekile ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlala zaseRussia nasemapaki ezwe.
Ukubukeka
Inyoni enkulu edla inyama enamaphiko amade ububanzi nomsila omude oqondile. Ubude 72-84 cm, amaphiko angama-180-2215 cm, isisindo esingu-2.4-54 kg. Ngokuvamile, indawo yokungcwaba iqhathaniswa ukhozi lwegolide, ngoba zombili lezi zinyoni zinobuhlobo obusondelene futhi ziyafana, futhi amabanga azo ayahlangana. Indawo yokungcwaba incane kancane, inomsila omfishane futhi omncane (ukhozi lunomsila obunjiwe, futhi onomdlandla), futhi onsundu omnyama, cishe amaplamu amnyama iningi lomzimba ngokuvamile amnyama kunezezigolide. Kodwa-ke, uma owokugcina enezimpaphe eziphakeme entanjeni eqinile, lapho-ke indawo yokungcwaba iyakhanya - utshani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabala amhlophe - "i-epauleetti" kaningi ingakhiwa emahlombe.
Ezinyoni ezindala zabobili ubulili, izinyoni ezindizayo eziyindabuko zimnyama ngaphezulu, zimnyama ngampunga ngaphansi zephethini elimpunga elimpunga ezisekelweni zezinsimbi zangaphakathi. Amancanyana angenhla anombala onsundu, ukusuka ngaphansi ngompunga onsundu kuya ku-nsundu-onsundu, futhi anebhendi elishiwo kancane. Izimpiko ezimboze kusuka ngezansi, ngemuva kwesisekelo samaphiko, zibukeka zimnyama kakhulu, zimnyama-mnyama. Umsila unephethini lemabula, elihlanganisa amathoni amnyama namnyama. Amathuna athola izingubo zokugcina zabantu abadala kuphela ngeminyaka engu-6-7. Izinyoni ezinonyaka ubudala zilula kakhulu - ikakhulukazi i-ocher elula enemivimbo emnyama emide kanye nezinyoni ezindiza ezimnyama. Eminyakeni elandelayo, i-plumage iba mnyama ngokwengeziwe kuze kube yilapho amathoni e-ocher anyamalala ngokuphelele. Indawo yokungcwaba yaseSpain, ngokuya ngokuhlukaniswa kwezinhlobo noma ama-subspecies, ihlukaniswa ngobuningi bayo ngezinyoni ezincane nezinsizwa, ezibomvu futhi ngaphandle kwemivimbo, nangomngcele omhlophe eceleni komphetho wangaphambili wephiko kubantu abadala.
Uthingo lungamabala ansundu noma ophuzi noma, ngombala omncane, ompunga, umbala oluluhlaza ubomvu ngasesiteji futhi umnyama ngaphezulu. U-wax, umlomo kanye nemilenze uphuzi, amabala amnyama-mnyama.Endizeni, izimpaphe ezisemaphethelweni amaphiko zibunjiwe ngomunwe, ukundiza kwenyoni kuyakhuphuka, kuhamba kancane.
Izwi
Inyoni ekwazi ukukhuluma kahle, ikakhulukazi uma uyiqhathanisa nekhozi legolide kanye neKaffir ukhozi, iziphatha kahle kakhulu ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Izwi lijule futhi lixakile kunalokhozi lwegolide. Ukukhala okukhulu uchungechunge olusheshayo lwemisindo eyisisekelo ethi "Krav-Krav-Krav ..." noma "Kaav-kaav-kaav ...", imvamisa iqukethe ama-8-10 ama-sillies nokukhumbuza okwenziwe inja ngokukhonkotha. Lokhu kukhala kuzwakala kahle ebangeni le-0.5-1 km. Ngemuva kokuthola isilwane esidla lubi endaweni yaso, indawo yokungcwaba ehleli esidlekeni ingasikhipha isilumkiso esithambile esithi "kok-gok k..k..k" noma ukukhala okuyinqaba kukhumbuza izwi legwababa.
Ububanzi be-Nesting
Inyoni engandile, encane. Ihlala ogwadule, i-steppe, i-step-steppe kanye nasemaphethelweni aseningizimu yesifunda sehlathi i-Eurasia kusuka e-Austria, eSlovakia naseSerbia empumalanga kuya esigodini saseBarguzin, indawo ephakathi nethafa leVitim nesigodi sase-Onon esingezansi. Isibalo sabantu base-Europe asizukuphela kuka-950 ngababili, futhi ngaphezulu kwesigamu sabo, sisuka ku-430 kuya ku-680 ngababili (idatha ka-2001) isidleke eningizimu nentshonalanga yeRussia. Kwaqoshwa ngababili abangaphezu kweshumi eBulgaria, eHungary, eGeorgia, eMacedonia, eSlovakia nase-Ukraine; emazweni amaningi aseCentral naseMpumalanga Yurophu, isidleke ezimbalwa kuphela. E-Asia, ngaphandle kweRussia kuhlala i-Asia Minor, eTranscaucasia, eKazakhstan, e-Iran, mhlawumbe ne-Afghanistan, enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNdiya kanye nenyakatho neMongolia.
Engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia, ihlasele ngaseningizimu yezigodi zaseVoronezh (isifunda saseLipetsk), iTsna (isifunda saseTambov), iPyana (isifunda saseNizhny Novgorod), indawo ephansi yesifunda sePre kanye naseningizimu yesifunda saseSverdlovsk. Ngasempumalanga, umngcele osenyakatho webanga udlula enyakatho yeKazakhstan, uphinde ubuye eRussia eningizimu yeCentral Siberia, lapho kuhlala khona izifunda ezinamadolobha asezingeni eliphakemeyo laseKrasasarsars Territory empumalanga kuya ezintabeni ze-Sayan ezisenyakatho, eningizimu yezifunda ze-Achinsk neKrasnoyarsk. Izindawo eziqhakaza kakhulu ezisendaweni empumalanga, nezingayodwa zabhalwa esifundeni saseBaikal (esifundeni i-Ust-Orda Buryat kanye nezindawo eziseduze nesifunda i-Irkutsk neBuryatia) neTransbaikalia (Dauria).
Ukufuduka
Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, uhlobo lokufuduka noma olunengxenye. Izinyoni ezindala ezivela eCentral Europe, eBalkan peninsula, e-Asia Minor naseCaucasus ziphila impilo yokuhlala lapho zisezincane, kanti ezinye zithuthelekela eningizimu. Ezintabeni ezande kakhulu zasempumalanga, ezinye izinyoni nazo zihlala ngaphakathi kobubanzi bezidleke, kepha zigxila engxenyeni engaseningizimu. Bonke abanye bathuthela eningizimu - eTurkey, kwa-Israyeli, e-Iran, e-Iraq, eGibhithe, eSaudi Arabia, ePakistan, eNdiya, eLaos naseVietnam. E-Afrika, abantu abafinyelela eKenya. Izinyoni ezincane zazingabokuqala ukushiya izindawo zokudlela ngo-Agasti futhi, njengomthetho, ubusika ezindaweni eziphansi eziphansi. Inqwaba indizela eningizimu ukusuka maphakathi no-Septhemba kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba bese ibuyela engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli.
Habitat
Ekuqaleni, inyoni enezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zomhlaba ophephukile, ezindaweni eziningi ngenxa yokufuna nokutshala amasimu, yayigcwele ziye ezintabeni - izindawo ezivamile zokhozi olukhulu lwegolide. Izindawo zokudlela ezinkulu izidleke kukhona ama-steppes, ama-steppes asehlathini, ogwadule, kodwa angavuleki ngokuphelele, njengokhozi lwe-steppe, kodwa ngezihlahla ezinde ezihlukile noma iziqhingi zehlathi. ECentral naseMpumalanga Yurophu, ihlala emahlathini asezintabeni eduze kwezikhala ezivulekile endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kanye nasezindaweni ezime ngezinyawo nasezolimo ezinezihlahla ezinde noma imibhoshongo yokuhambisa amandla. Emigodini ye-Dnieper neDon kuhlala imiphetho yamahlathi, ukugawulwa kwemithi yakudala, kuyavutha. Esifundeni saseCiscaucasia kanye nasesifundeni iVolga, kuhlala ezindaweni ezinamagwadule kanye nethafa eliwugwadule, kanye nasemahlathini, lapho ithanda khona izindawo zokuphumula eziphansi - izigodi zemifula, izigodi, izigodi. Abantu abaningi basempumalanga bakhetha amahlathi asezingeni lendabuko, ama-steppe kanye namahlathi asogwadule anezimila ezinamahlahla, kwesinye isikhathi asetshenziswa kwezolimo. Ezindaweni zobusika bakhetha ama-biotopes afanayo, noma kunjalo, ahambisana kakhulu nemizimba yamanzi.
Ukuzala
Izindawo zokungcwaba zithola izingubo zokugcina zezimpaphe zabantu abadala kuphela ngonyaka wesihlanu noma wesithupha wokuphila, khona-ke ezimweni eziningi ziqala ukuzala. Lezi zinkozi zihlala njalo, ngisho nangesikhathi sasebusika, zigcina ngababili okuhlala kukho konke impilo. Ukuvuthwa kokuzala kuqala eningizimu yeYurophu ngoMashi, endaweni ye-USSR yangaphambili ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - Ephreli. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinyoni ziziphatha ngomsindo omkhulu, zindiza zenyuka insimu futhi zikhala kakhulu. Imvamisa, abesilisa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi izintokazi, baphenduka ngokungaphenduki, okubizwa nge- “garland”, lapho ukukhuphuka kungazeleleki kungena endaweni yokucwila ngokuphelele ngamaphiko asongezwe ngokusuka phezulu bese kuthi ukuyela phezulu kufinyelele phezulu ekuphakameni kwangaphambilini. Ukushintshana kokuwa nokukhuphuka kungaphindwa kaningi, kudala umuzwa wokugibela ku-roller coaster, kuyilapho abesilisa bekhipha ukukhala okukhulu komoya. Ngesinye isikhathi, izinsikazi zihambisana nabesilisa kulokhu "kusebenza", kepha bakwenza buthule futhi kungabi namandla amakhulu.
Indawo efanayo yokwakha isidleke isetshenziswe ngokuqhubekayo iminyaka eminingi. Izimbaza eziningi zivame ukuhlela izidleke esihlahleni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-10-25 ngaphezu komhlaba. Uma zingekho, zingahlala phakathi kwamagatsha esihlahla sikhula kancane, njenge-caragana, noma njalo edwaleni elincane. Ikhetha uphayini, i-larch, i-popula, i-birch, izidleke ezivame kakhulu kuma-oki, i-alder noma i-aspen. Ngokungafani ukhozi wegolide, lapho isidleke sivame ukutholakala phakathi nendawo komqhele, indawo yokungcwaba imvamisa ikhetha ingxenye yayo engenhla, cishe nesiqongqo. Ezindaweni ezinemimoya enamandla kuphela (ngokwesibonelo, ekucindezelekeni kweMinusinsk eningizimu yeSiberia) noma lapho indawo yokungcwaba ixazululwe khona muva nje (njengaseSouthern Urals), isidleke singabekwa maphakathi nengxenye yomqhele - ngemfoloko esiqwini noma egatsheni eligatsheni le-lateral. Izidleke, inani lazo esizeni zingafinyelela ezimbili noma ezintathu, zakhiwa ngamalungu womabili, kepha ingxenye enkulu yensikazi. Izilokazana zisetshenziswa ngokuhlukile eminyakeni ehlukene, ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, lokhu kunciphisa inani lezinambuzane ezihlala kuzo - amabhungane ezinyoni, izimpukane nezindunduma. Isidleke sikhulu impela (yize sisincane kunesokhozi segolide) futhi siqukethe inqwaba yamagatsha namagatsha awugqinsi. Ugqoko - ukucindezelwa okuncane enkabeni yesidleke - kufakwe amagatsha amancane ama-coniffort, amagxolo, umquba wamahhashi, ngotshani obomile, uboya kanye nemfucumfucu ehlukahlukene ye-anthropogenic. Izinyoni ezinyakazayo ehlathini zengeza amagatsha aluhlaza esidlekeni - ikhwalithi eyengeziwe yokhozi lwegolide. Ububanzi besidleke esisanda kwakhiwa bubalelwa ku-120-150 cm, ubude bawo bube ngama-60-70 cm. Eminyakeni elandelayo, isidleke sikhuphuka ngokubonakalayo ngosayizi, sifinyelela okungenani amasentimitha angama-180-240 cm no-180 cm ukuphakama. Ezinye, izinyoni ezincane zivame ukuhlala ngaphansi kwesidleke esidala - ngokwesibonelo, empumalanga yebanga cishe kuzo zonke, izindawo zokuhlala kondlunkulu ziyaphawulwa, kanye nezidleke zama-jackdaws eDaurian noma ezinqoleni ezimhlophe. Ama-Saker falcons angahlala esidlekeni esingasenalutho, kuyilapho lawo manga aziphatha kabi ngokubhekisele ezinkozi ezinkulu, azikhiphe esidlekeni sazo.
Ukubeka kanye ngonyaka, kuqukethe amaqanda ama-1-3 (kaningi kakhulu ama-2) abekwa ngokuvalwa kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, lokhu kwenzeka phakathi kokuphela kukaMashi nokuphela kuka-Ephreli noma ngisho nokuqala kukaMeyi. I-Shell yamaqanda ithambile, i-coarse-gravel; ama-prots ama-grey noma amnyama ansundu abonakala ngemuva mhlophe. Ubukhulu bamaqanda (63-83) x (53-63) mm. Uma kwenzeka kulahlekelwe ukubumbana kokuqala, insikazi ingakuhlehlisa futhi, kepha isivele esidlekeni esisha. Ukuzikhulula kuqala ngeqanda lokuqala futhi kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-43. Womabili la malungu alo mbhangqwana afukelana, yize isikhathi esiningi esidlekeni sichithwa ngowesifazane. Imichilo embozwe nge-fluff emhlophe ivela ngokulandelana ngendlela efanayo lapho amaqanda ebekwa khona. Owesifazane uchitha isonto lokuqala esidlekeni, efudumeza amazinyane, kanti owesilisa uyazingela futhi alethe inyamazane. Kwesinye isikhathi kufe ingane encane, ingakwazi ukuncintisana nomfowethu noma udadewenu omkhulu noma omkhulu, kodwa hhayi kaningi njengokhozi lwegolide noma ukhozi olukhulu olunamabala. Eminyakeni engaba ngamasonto amabili, kuqala izimpawu zamapayipi, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-35 kuya kwengama-40 kuphela ikhanda nentamo kuhlale kungacaci, kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-65-77 amantshontsho aqhamukele ephikweni. Ngemuva kokushiya isidleke, amaphuphu abuyele kuwo isikhashana, kuthi ngemuva kwalokho agasele bese endiza ebusika kuqala.
Umsoco
Idla kakhulu izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezincane - ama-gophers, amagundane asensimini, ama-hamsters, ama-voles amanzi, ama-hares amancanyana kanye nezinsikazi kanye ne-grouse ne-corvidae. Izaqathi zidlala indima ebalulekile ekudleni - ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho amagundane asesekufihlakele, futhi izinyoni zingabuyanga ebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinkozi zindiza ngokukhethekile zizungeza izindawo lapho izilwane eziwile phakathi nobusika zingatholakala. Isidumbu semvu, esingamuntu, noma inja singanikeza izinyoni ukudla izinsuku eziningi. Ezimweni ezingandile, idla amasele nezimfudu.
Ukuphanga, njengomthetho, kwanele kusuka ebusweni bomhlaba, futhi esimweni sezinyoni, kwesinye isikhathi kususwa. Efuna ukudla, ubhabhela isikhathi eside phezulu esibhakabhakeni noma onogada, ehleli e-dais.
Isimo kanye nezici zokukhawulela
Incwadi ebomvu yaseRussia inani labantu liyancipha | |
Bheka Ulwazi Umhlaba wokungcwaba (inyoni) kuwebhusayithi ye-IPEE RAS |
Encwadini Ebomvu Yomhlaba Wonke, indawo yokungcwaba inesimo sezinhlobo ezisengozini (isigaba Vu) ngokuncipha kokuqhubeka kwezinombolo. Izimbangela ezinkulu zokucekelwa phansi ukulahleka kwezindawo ezilungele izidleke, ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu, ukuxoshwa kwabantu abaningi, ukufa ezigangeni zezintambo zamandla, ukucekelwa phansi kwezidleke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukudla okuphezulu kokudla okhozi - ama-squirrels kanye nama-groundhogs - kunyamalale ezifundeni eziningi, nakho okuthinte ukwehla kwenani lalezi zinyoni. Ukhozi luvikelwe yiRed Books yaseRussia (isigaba 2), iKazakhstan neAzerbaijan. Kubhalwe ku-CITES Isithasiselo 1, Isithasiselo 2 seBonn Convention 2, iBerne Convention Appendix 2, kanye nezivumelwano zezwekazi phakathi kweRussia neNdiya kanye ne-DPRK ekuvikelweni kwezinyoni ezifudukayo.Kusukela ngo-1990, kwenziwa i-nursery yokuzalela lokhu ukhozi endaweni ebekelwe ukubhuka iGalichya Gora.
Indawo yokungcwaba izinyoni: incazelo
Umuntu omdala upendiwe kahle kakhulu umbala - unombala onsundu omnyama, ocishe abe mnyama, onotshani obunjengombala othi "mane" obunezimpaphe ezikhonjisiwe ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwentamo nangemuva lekhanda. Amabala amhlophe anwebekile ezimpaphe ezi-scapular (akuvame ukuthiwa), umsila onsundu onsundu ophethe iphethini lemabula nomugqa obanzi e-apex, ihlumela elinsundu eliphuzi. Ama-paws aphuzi kanti uzipho lumnyama futhi luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukhozi oluncane lunezimpaphe ezimnyama nezimpaphe zalo zemisila ezinamasondo akhanyayo, umzimba wombala onsundu ophuzi onsundu onamachashazi amade obude emuva nangezimpiko. Ukhozi luthola umbala walo wokugcina wezinsalela eneminyaka emihlanu. Uthingo kubantu abadala luphuzi noma lubomvu, kwabancane linsundu. Lapho ikhuphuka, ukhozi lubamba amaphiko alo ngokuqondile. Umsila ukhozi okhuphukayo uvame ukuba yinkimbinkimbi.
Umhlaba wokungcwaba: izindawo zokuhlala
Izinyoni zihlala esigodini nasezindaweni ezingamahlathi, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, emahlathini axubekile engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia naseningizimu yeSiberia. Bancamela ubusika ezindaweni ezishisayo, eningizimu, ezindaweni ezishisayo nasezindaweni eziphansi zase-Eurasia. Kusatshalaliswa ngokungalingani, ezindaweni eziningi akuvamile kakhulu. Isibalo somuntu ngamunye siyawa. Izidleke zokhozi ezisezindaweni ezigasele kanye nezindawo ezisehlathini ze-Eurasia. Indawo oyithandayo ibhekwa njengamahlathi kaphayini owomile, kanye namahlathi, lapho kunezinhlobo zezihlahla ezinjenge-birch, popula ne-oki. Ezintabeni, izinkozi zihlala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kolwandle.
Indlela yokuphila, umsoco
Idla ikakhulu ngamagundane: ama-hamsters, ama-squirrel omhlaba, ama-groundhogs. Ayakwazi ukuzingela amadada, amabhuloho namasheya amancane. Uma isikhathi eside ukhozi lungakwazi ukuthola inyamazane, khona-ke lungadla ngokutholwa. Inyoni yomngcwabo idla inyamazane ebanjiwe ngaso leso sikhathi. Ukhozi aluzibambi izinyoni ezindizayo.
Indawo yokugcina idinga cishe ama-400-600 g wokudla ngosuku. Ngemuva kokudla, uphuza amanzi amaningi bese isikhathi eside ahlanze ugesi wakhe. Njengomthetho, indawo yokungcwaba ichitha isikhathi esincane izingela; izindawo zokungcwaba zibuka inqwaba yempilo yalokho okwenzeka ngakubo. Izinkozi ziyakwazi ukugcina ukudla ku-goiter, ngakho-ke azidingi ukuzingela nsuku zonke.
Ukulungiselela ukuhlalisa ezindaweni ezivulekile emahlathini asehlathini kanye namahlathi wezikhukhula. Izinyoni ziyafuduka, ngokwengxenye zifuduka noma zihlala. Ukufika kwezinkozi kuqala kusuka ngoFebhuwari kuya ku-Ephreli, bese kusuka ngoSepthemba-Okthoba.
Ukuzala, isidleke
Isikhathi sokukhwelana kwezinkozi siqala ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa baqala ukundiza ngombukiso, bezama ukujabulisa owesimame. Inyoni yomngcwabo womhlaba iyakhuluma kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuheha ukunakwa kowesifazane. Abesilisa abaziwayo "Kra-Krav" bamema izintokazi ngosuku. Ngakho-ke, zibonisa ukwazisa ngabantu bobulili obuhlukile.
Izinkozi ziyizinyoni ezinyanyayo. Ngesikhathi sezindiza nobusika, imibhangqwana inamathela ndawonye. Lapho nje izinkozi zithola indawo efanelekile yesidleke, ziqala ukwakha.
Izindlovu zakhiwa ezihlahleni ezinkulu ezindala, akuvamile kakhulu emithini. Isidleke sakhiwe ngamagatsha ezihlahla, ngaphakathi kufakwe ngotshani, umoss, utshani nomquba owomile empeleni usetshenziswa. Isidleke ngobubanzi sifinyelela kumitha eyodwa. Indawo okutholwe kuyo isetshenziswe okokhozi iminyaka eminingana. Owesifazane nowesilisa bahlomisa isidleke, kepha indima eholayo ingeyowesifazane. Izizathu zokungcwaba zingabazali abahle.
Ngokuphumula kwezinsuku ezimbili, insikazi ibekela amaqanda, ngakho-ke amachwane azalelwa ekukhanyisweni. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingamashumi amane nantathu. Ku-clutch kukhona amaqanda asuka kwelinye kuya kwelathathu anombala omhlophe ongekho mhlophe onamabala amancane ansundu. Esikhathini esiningi, insikazi ibekela amaqanda, owesilisa ngalesi sikhathi uthola ukudla. Angakwazi ukujikeleza amahora amaningi efuna isisulu. Lapho nje ukhozi luthola inyamazane, ngokushesha luyibulala ngomlomo onamandla.
Amachwane anemibala emhlophe qhwa anezigqoko ezithobayo, uthingo ngombala onsomi. Ezimweni ezingandile, iphuphu elincane lifa, lingakwazi ukumelana nokuncintisana nabafowethu asebekhulile. Esontweni lokuqala ngemuva kokuzalwa, insikazi ifudumele futhi ivikele namachwane angavikeleki. Ngemuva kwamaviki acishe abe ngu-9-11, amaphuphu aqala ukundiza ukuphuma esidlekeni, kepha isikhathi eside ayaqhubeka nokuhlala eduzane nabazali bawo.
Incwadi ebomvu
Okwamanje, kuyaqabukela kakhulu ukuthola inhlanganisela efanelekile yezimo zokudla izidleke endaweni yokungcwaba nezindawo zokudla ezidingekayo.
Ukuthuthuka kwezomnotho kwezindawo, ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, imililo, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, abazingeli - konke lokhu ngaphandle kwalokhu, kulithinta kabi inani labantu balolu hlobo. Izilwane ezifakiwe zenziwa kulezi zinyoni, futhi leli yibhizinisi elihle kakhulu. Ukhozi lungabonakala endaweni yeBaikal National Park. Kubhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia kanye ne-IUCN. Ukubamba kanye nokudubula izinyoni akuvunyelwe.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Ukhozi lokungcwaba lathola igama elinjalo elixakile hhayi ngenxa yendlela yalo yokuphila noma i-biology, labizwa ngabezemvelo abafunda uhlobo lwe-Urals ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. Bafumana izinyoni ezazihleli ezihlahleni eduze kwama-mausoleums amatshe. Njengamanje, ezinye izifundiswa zifuna ukubanikeza igama elivumelanayo. Isibonelo, umbuso. Emazweni amaningi ase-Europe leli yigama lalezi zinyoni ezingenabala futhi ezinhle.
Ukhozi lokungcwaba lubhekwa njengenye yezinyoni ezinamandla kakhulu emhlabeni. Impi yabo nokungamesabi kwabo kunconywa kubuciko bendabuko bamazwe amaningi.
Isiko lelo liyaziwa, ngokuya ngokuthi umzimba womuntu oshonile wanikezwa ukhozi ukuthi udliwe nini. Njengoba abantu babekholelwa ukuthi umphefumulo womuntu oshonile usesibindi, futhi uma inyoni iyidla, izongena okhozini iqhubeke nokuba khona kwayo. Ukhozi lufanekisela ukuhlakanipha, isibindi nokuqonda.
Ukhozi ekhaya
Uma uthatha isinqumo sokuthenga ukhozi, khona-ke kungcono ukuthola amaphuphu, ngoba umuntu omdala usetshenziselwa inkululeko futhi akakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nokuphila ekudingisweni. Ukuze isidleke sikhule siphilile futhi siqine, kumele sondliwe kahle.
Indawo encane yokungcwaba ithanda inyama yetafile, ngaphandle kwengulube. Ukuze uqeqeshe inkukhu ukundiza, udinga ukubhekana nayo ihora elilodwa ngosuku. Akunakwenzeka ukukhipha ukhozi olufuywayo endle, ngoba luzokufa.
Ukhozi luyinyoni eqhoshayo, enhle futhi ebabazekayo. Kuboniswa ijazi lezingalo laseSt. Petersburg njengophawu olukhombisa amandla wedolobha nobukhulu balo.