Izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezintsha zamaxoxo amancane atholakele ezintabeni eziyisikhombisa ezihlukene eningizimu nentshonalanga yeBrazil.

“Amahlathi amnyama” alesi sifunda anesimo sezulu esiyingqayizivele, ahlukaniswe izigodi ezifudumele ezihlukanisa iziqongo zamagquma, futhi zizenze zibukeke njengeziqhingi. Kulezi zindawo ezithokozisayo kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-21 ezaziwayo zamaxoxo - Brachycephalus frog. Ngenxa yezifundo, kunezelwa ezinye izinhlobo ezingama-7, okuyizinto ezintsha ezingama-28. Zonke zingaphansi kwesentimitha ubude, futhi cishe zonke zinemibala ekhanyayo nesikhumba esinobuthi, ezibavumela ukuthi bagweme ukuphela "kokudla okuncane".

Amasele amasha atholakele eBrazil.

Izinhlobo ezitholakele zichazwe ephephandabeni i-PeerJ. Amaxoxo ayisithelo esivamile somsebenzi weqembu labacwaningi asebelifunde iminyaka engu-5, bedabula izindawo zasendle eBrazil.

UMarcio Pai, uprofesa eParaná Federal University, uthe akakaze anyuke izintaba empilweni yakhe kangako. “Kwakuyisimo esibuhlungu impela. Yize izintaba bezingapakeme kakhulu - iningi lazo lifinyelele ebangeni elingamakhilomitha ayi-1-1,5 - iqiniso ukuthi izindlela esihamba ngazo cishe zacishe zabonakala. "

Indawo yokutholwa kwezinhlobo ezintsha isiphenduke iBrazil.

Lawa hlathi amade eduze nogu oluseningizimu ye-Atlantic yeBrazil akuthandeka kakhulu uma kwenziwa ucwaningo, kusho uDkt Pai. Kwezilwane ezinjengamaxoxo eBracycephalus, athatha kakhulu imvelo, noma izinguquko zokushisa ezincane zingaba ngumgoqo wokuhamba.

Ukuze uzithole, udinga ukucabanga ngokucophelela futhi kancane kancane ngamahlamvu, kusho uDkt Pye.

Lezi zidalwa ezincane zifanelwe ilungelo lokwehlukanisa ubukhona, njengoba zinokuhluka okukhulu kusuka ezihlotsheni zazo ezisondele kakhulu zamaxoxo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi nge-anatomy yama-vertebrates amancane asemhlabeni. Isibonelo, ezinye zezinhlobo ezisanda kutholakala zineminwe emithathu ezinyaweni zezingemuva, nezimbili ngaphambili, kanti izinhlobo eziningi zamasele esivele sazi zineminwe emi-5 nayi-4 ngokulandelana.

Omunye umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwezinhlobo ezintsha zeBrachycephalus yisikhumba sabo. Isakhiwo saso sichazwa ngokuba khona kokungahambi kahle okuningi emzimbeni wonke. Isikhumba ngokwaso siqinile ekuthinteni futhi sinombala ogqamile onobuthi, obonisa ubukhona baso bezinga eliphakeme le-tetrodotoxin ebulalayo yamakhemikhali.

Silindele ukuzalwa kohlobo olusha lwamasele amancane, lonke lolu cwaningo lwaba njengomdlalo kaDkt Pai nethimba lakhe. "Kube yinto emnandi ngempela lokhu, njengoba senyuka intaba entsha, besinesiqiniseko sokuthi kuzoba nomunye umbono omusha, kepha besingazi ukuthi kuzoba njani," kusho uPye.

"Ngakho-ke phakathi nohambo lwethu oluncane, sidlale into efana nomdlalo" qagela ukubukwa kwesikhathi esizayo. "

Ngemuva kokuthi uDkt Pye nethimba lakhe bebambe inqwaba yezinhlobo zokuhlola ezicashile ngaphansi kwamaqabunga awile, basebenzela ukuhlolwa kofuzo ukwehlukanisa uhlobo ngalunye olusha.

Ukuthola lezi zidalwa ezincane bekuyivivinyo lwangempela kulo lonke iqembu, kusho udokotela.

"Bekumele umzamo omkhulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi besiphatheke kabi, sisebenza amahora amaningi ezintabeni, futhi sibuya lapho singenalutho."

Uhlobo ngalunye olusha lwalukhonjwa luhlolwa ngofuzo.

Imvamisa, abacwaningi bebekwazi ukuzwa kuphela amasele, kodwa bangaboni. Njengoba cishe iningi lezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezincane zazinomkhuba omuhle wokucasha kubantu ababengazidlela izinyawo ngaphandle kokubonisa iso lazo eqenjini.

“Uyawezwa amazwi abo, kungenzeka kube khona amakhulu abo, kodwa ngeke ubabambe! Ngoba lapho nje usondela, amasele aqala ukuzola imizuzu engama-20 kuya kwengama-30, ezwe ukunyakaza komhlaba. Okulandelayo, kufanele uwabheke ngokucophelela ngezandla zakho ngamahlamvu awile, ”kusho uDkt Pye. Ngakho-ke, zazingatholakali izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwesisodwa endaweni ngayinye.

Iqembu likaDkt Pai lihlela olunye ucwaningo.

UDoc Pye nozakwabo baphikisana nokuthi ukuze kulondolozwe lokhu kwehlukahlukana kwezinhlobo zama-frog, badinga ukusatshalaliswa ngaphansi kwezimo ezivalekile, futhi kumele kwenziwe yonke imizamo ukuvikela indawo yabo kusuka kuzitshalo ezihlaselayo nezinhlobo zezilwane, ukubhaliswa nezinye izinsongo.

Manje iqembu lihlela ucwaningo olwengeziwe. Sesichaze izinhlobo ezi-4 ezintsha zamasele.

“Sazi ezinye izindawo ezimbalwa ezine-microclimate efanayo. Kungenzeka ukuthi sizitholele ezinye izinhlobo ezintsha lapho, ”kusho uDkt Pye. “Ama-Amphibians abhekene nokuqothulwa kwezinhlobo zomhlaba wonke nezinhlekelele. Mhlawumbe abaningi babo bafa ngaphambi kokuchazwa nokwamukelwa kwabo yisayensi. Ngakho-ke incazelo yezinhlobo ezintsha zamasele izokwazi ukubasiza ngokuzayo ukulondolozwa kobukhona babo. ”

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

Ososayensi abavela eYunivesithi yaseDelhi (eNdiya) ngesikhathi behamba beya eWestern Ghats (intaba entshonalanga neHindustan) bathola izinhlobo eziyisikhombisa ezintsha zamasele. Ezine zazo zincane. Kubikwa yiABC News.

Ama-Amphibians angamalungu wohlobo lwe-Nyctibatrachus. Njengomthetho, amasele ale nhlobo awekho ebusuku. Lokhu, ikakhulukazi, kuboniswa umbala wabo omnyama nendawo yokuhlala.

Kugcizelelwa ukuthi ubukhulu bamaxoxo amancane abanjiwe awudluli kumamilimitha ayi-16.

Abaphenyi, nokho, bakholelwa ukuthi ikusasa lalezi zinhlobo lisengozini. Iqiniso ngukuthi iningi labameleeli babo lihlala ezindaweni ezingavikelekile, okusho ukuthi izindawo abahlala kuzo zingashintsha futhi zibhubhise.

Futhi sikukhumbuza ukuthi emtholampilo wezilwane walesi sikhungo, isilwane sakho siyohlala sinikezwa ukunakekelwa kwezilwane, noma ngabe kungubani!

Frog kusikrini esisha senkampani yethelevishini yeVID

Inkampani kamabonakude i-VID, egubha usuku lwayo lwamashumi amathathu, isishicilele isikrini esisha ku-Instagram yayo.
Engqulweni ebuyekeziwe, ubuso besazi sefilosofi samaTaoist uGoo Xiang bubonakala ngokusobala futhi ungabona isele ekhanda lakhe. Indlela akhuphuka ngayo ikhonjiswa ngokusondelana, kepha izwi elijwayelekile elimemezela igama lenkampani alizwakali. Ekupheleni kwe-cutscene, isazi sefilosofi simamatheka kancane.

Izilaleli, ezikhuliswe ubuntwana bazo eminyakeni yama-1990s, zikhumbula isikrini esidala njenge- "Screensaver ne-Yeltsin." Kwabonakala ngathi abaningi ukuthi ilogo ifana nowayenguMongameli waseRussia uBoris Yeltsin. Eqinisweni, imaski yesazi sefilosofi samaTaoist uGoo Xiang enesinqe esinezinyawo ezintathu ekhanda. Imaskhi ivele ngemuva kwesizinda esimnyama, kanti izwi-ngaphezulu lathi "VID imele".

Ososayensi bathole ukuthi kungani amasele anobuthi engazibulalisi

Ososayensi basanda kuthola ukuthi amasele onobuthi aseNingizimu Melika akazibulali ngobuthi ngenxa ye- “typo” eyodwa nje yeprotheni esebenza ngayo.
"Isikhumba sexoxo elijwayelekile Ama-phyllobates terribilis iqukethe isigidigidi salobu buthi, obungaba ngokwanele ukubulala amagundane angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-20. Kulokhu, amaxoxo uqobo awafi ngalolu hlobo futhi awasabeli kulo, kanti nendlela esivikela ngayo ubuthi ihlale iyimfihlo kithina, "kusho uSho-Ya Wang waseYunivesithi yaseNew York e-Albany (USA) .
Amaxoxo ama-dart kusuka kuhlobo Phyllobates ngesinye sezidalwa ezinoshevu kakhulu eMhlabeni. Isikhumba sabo siqukethe inani elikhulu le-batrachotoxin - ubuthi bezinzwa obuyingozi kakhulu. AmaNdiya aseColombia, asebenzisa ubuthi be-frog amakhulu eminyaka ukugcoba imicibisholo yawo, kade aqaphela ukuthi amaxoxo anobuthi ngokwawo angena ebuthi - ukusikwa ngengozi nokulimala okuholela kokukhishwa kwe-batrachotoxin emzimbeni wawo akuwuthinti umsebenzi wawo cishe kunoma yiluphi uhlobo. Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi bethanda ukwazi ukuthi lokhu kusebenza kanjani, futhi bazama ukuthola izakhi zofuzo ezifakwa ubuthi yi-woodpeckers enobuthi.
UWang nozakwabo bambula le mfihlo ngokutadisha nokuqhathanisa ukwakheka kwamaprotheni alawula lokho okubizwa ngokuthi “iziteshi zesodium” emithanjeni yezinzwa nezemisipha yamaxoxo ngokwawo nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezithile. Lawo maprotheni, abandakanyeka ekudlulisweni kwama-ion sodium esitokisini, adlala indima enkulu ekwedluliseni ukufakwa kwamandla kagesi ohlelweni lwezinzwa nemisipha yezilwane, futhi ukuvimba kwazo kuholele ekuqaleni kokukhubazeka ngokushesha.
Ngokuqhathanisa iDNA yezinhlobo ezimbili zamasele, amagundane namagundane, ososayensi bakwazi ukubona izinguquko ezinhlanu ezihlukanisa ngokunamandla i-amphibians ezihlotsheni nasezihlotsheni zazo ezincelisayo. Ezama ukuqonda ukuthi yikuphi ukuguquka kwalokhu okwabangela ukwakhiwa “kokulimazeka” kwamaxoxo kubuthi babo, ososayensi bawafake kwi-DNA yamaseli emisipha ngamagundane futhi aqaphela ukuthi asabela kanjani kuma-molecule e-batrachotoxin. Njengoba kuvela ukuthi, ukuguqulwa nje okukodwa, okubizwa ngokuthi yi-N1584T, kwakwanele ukwenza amaseli e-rodent acishe angabi namandla esenzo sobuhlungu be-frog. Izinguquko ezine ezisele zaqinisa umphumela wazo futhi azizange zivikele imisipha ngokwazo ekuqaleni kokukhubazeka.
Yini ethakazelisa kakhulu, enye yezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu yamaxoxo esihlahla, i-leafolase enemigqa yegolide (i-Phyllobates aurotaenia), ayinakho lokhu kuguqulwa, naphezu kokuthi isikhumba salawa ama-amphibians siqukethe ama-micrograms angama-50 ubuthi. Ngokusho kososayensi, iDNA yabo ingaqukatha ezinye izinguquko ezivikela la maxoxo emgomeni omkhulu wobuthi.
Ngokusho kukaVan, ukudalulwa kwendlela yokusebenza kwe-batrachotoxin nokuthi amasele azivikela kanjani kuyo kungasiza osokhemisi nezazi zebhayiloji ukuthi benze i-antidote kule nto futhi bathole izifaniso zayo ezivimba umsebenzi weziteshi ze-sodium hhayi unomphela, kodwa okwesikhashana kuphela. Izingxube ezinjalo, ngokusho kososayensi, zingasetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha.

Ngo-2003, umndeni wamaxoxo angajwayelekile, uNasikabatrachidae, wachazwa ngohlobo olulodwa nezinhlobo, Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis (Bheka i-athikili yethu "Abaphithiphithi abamangazi kakhulu emhlabeni." Muva nje, ososayensi baseNdiya bakhubekile kummeli wohlobo lwesibili lomndeni ongajwayelekile, kubika i Daily Mail.
Abaphenyi baqambe uhlobo olusha lweBhupati (Nasikabatrachus bhupathi) Ngokwalokho okutholwe, lolu hlobo lwamaxoxo lunomzimba onamandla ombozwe ngesikhumba onsomi, futhi linamehlo aluhlaza okotshani kanye nekhala elifana nobumba ngengulube.
Ososayensi bangezelela ukuthi isele lichitha cishe yonke impilo yalo engaphansi komhlaba, lisuthisa izintuthwane namahlume. Kodwa-ke, ama-amphibians aseza phezulu ngesikhathi sokuzala. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ama-tadpoles amaxoxo ansomi nawo abukeka ngendlela engajwayelekile ngokubukeka.

Ividiyo evela ku-bhupati ingabonakala lapha

Isiphetho esingenasici senzalo ye-Frog Princess: isimo sangempela semvelo yemvelo

Ichibi eliseduze kwaseMoscow kwabuye kwaba yinto engayibona.
Entwasahlobo, ngikhulume ngendlela izakhamizi zakule ndawo eziseduzane nomzimba wamanzi ezisabela ngayo lapho inhlanzi eyayiqoqiwe eduze komgodi weqhwa, eyayifakwe umgodi weqhwa (bayibamba ngenetha, bayishaya ngezinduku). Manje sengibonile isimo sengqondo ngamaxoxo. Kunalokho, amasele. Futhi ngaphinda ngacabanga ngemvelo emangalisa, engaqondakali yomuntu kanye nencazelo yokuba khona kwalesi sintu emhlabeni.
Ihlobo leli seliphenduke isivuno se-oasis eqale ukugoba kusuka kudoti obabazekayo: amakhaza nemvula awavumeli ukubhukuda, okusho ukuthi ayembalwa amabhodlela kabhiya abhekeke phezu kobuso, izinsalela nezikhwama zepulasitiki bezingagcwele emabhange. Ngize ngabona imikhonto emibili eguquguqukayo emijondolo ephila kuphela emanzini acacile, futhi ngacabanga ukuthi lezi zidalwa ezinengekayo zanyamalala esimweni esiphakathi eMiddle Moscow.
Ngokusobala, ngenxa yokukhathazeka kwezakhamizi zakuleli gumbi lokugcina amanzi, amathebhu amaningi ayelengiswa eduze komhlanga ngabathengi. Maphakathi nehlobo, ngokwemvelo baguquka baba ngamasele amancane. Ukubizwa kwemvelo kubasuse endaweni yokubhukuda bangena emhlabeni. Amakhulu, uma kungenjalo izinkulungwane zama-jumpers amancane, athululela, akhasa, abambeke otshanini obuzungezile. Kepha besendleleni eya ezingxenyeni zensindiso, ubuwula bebufanele ukunqoba indlela ye-asphalt ezungeze ichibi likhala. Yehlisela okwanele kulabo bantu abanemilenze emibili abahamba ngayo, kepha ebanzi kakhulu futhi iyingozi kwabancane abancane abangamamilimitha.
Kuyancenga: umuntu kufanele ayeke ukuhamba kulo ubambo, obangelwa ngamabhungane angenabungozi eColorado, hhayi ngamacimbi wesilika, hhayi ngesibungu sebhhungane lamagxolo elabhubhisa amahlathi endawo, kodwa ngezilwane eziwusizo kakhulu. Kuhle, okuthinta inhliziyo okungenamqondo. Vele, kunzima ukuziqhathanisa ne-fry ezintekenteke ye-sturgeon - angiqondile ukuthokozela okuthandwa yi-cuisine yaseFrance neyaseRussia, kepha isinqumo sikaPeter I sokwenqatshelwa kokukhala kwensimbi ngesikhathi sokuqhuma, ukuze singalimazi izinhlanzi lapho kukhukhula inzalo, ngikhuluma ngokubaluleka kwezimpawu zobuhlalu bendawo nemvelo. . Le micabango nemizwa enjalo kufanele ukuthi ihlangane ekucabangeni kwempilo yomuntu kanye nomkhuba wokufikelwa ngendlela yendabuko.
Lutho neze! Akekho (kulabo engicabanga ngabo izinsuku ezintathu - Julayi 12, 13, 14) okukhanselile ukuhamba. Lo mbhangqwana othandweni, uhambahamba futhi uncipha, uhambe ngendlela “yokuphila”, uchoboza izingane ngamehlo anamehlo amakhulu (futhi, mhlawumbe, ulungiselela ukuthola izingane zawo). I-duet ebukeka ihlakaniphile eneminyaka ephakathi nendawo - yena no-anti - babehamba bembopha izidumbu futhi bekhonkotha ngenduduzo yasekhaya. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi abasibonanga isisusa esishukumisayo! Kepha kulula - ukungabukeki phansi kwezinyawo zakho, hhayi ukuthi uqaphele. Ugogo oqinile ngokomzimba onamandla nezigxobo zokushushuluza usayizi omangalisayo wabahwebi emizimbeni emincane engavikeleki. Umsubathi osemncane, umbuthano onqenqemayo, wagijima wazungeza, wafaka uphawu kwabasiki bengqephu ababengazi ukuthi kufanele bamyeke, abadli bomiyane besikhathi esizayo kanye neminye imijikelezo. Umhlambi wabesifazane asebekhulile asebathatha umhlalaphansi ezicathulweni ezihlukile ubukhula ngamandla, unyathela impilo yangakusasa futhi ungamshiyi ithuba lokuzibonakalisa. Abahamba ngamabhayisekili nabagibeli abahamba ngezinyawo, babeka imibhoshongo ecijile. Umdobi emabhuthini wayesendleleni eya ngasogwini lolwandle. Indoda enkulukazi ye-govnodavi yanyathela usizi lwe-flea ngezinyathelo zeKing Kong. Umama osemusha one-stroller (enganeni yakhe) wababaza ngenkulu injabulo: "Banjengamaqhude!" - futhi yakhasa ngamasondo, ingane yashayisa ukuvumelana okungahambisani nezimbadada. Angikhulumi ngeqembu labantu abasha abebezijabulisa emoyeni opholile: amantombazane athi: “Hheyi, unamahloni kanjani!” Futhi izinsizwa, zibonisa isibindi nobudoda, zihlakazekile, zazingavimba iziqhekeza zamathenda ngesikere sazo se-bulldozer. Amakhekhe aqhuqiwe, aqhekekile futhi agcotshwe yonke indawo asala. Uma abazali bexoxo bebona lokhu kudabha, izinhliziyo zabo beziyophuka. Noma, ngingathanda, ngilandele ixoxo lokuhamba laseGarshinsky, ukundiza kwamanye amazwe, amanye amazwe abekezelayo. Isibonelo, eCyprus, izindawo zasogwini zivalekile, lapho ufudu lubeka amaqanda alo, futhi akekho noyedwa kulabo oholidini osondela kulawa mafutha. Futhi yeka ukuthi bekungaba kuhle kanjani ukubabhaxabula ngamaphepha noma ukukhahlela ibhola!
Kwakufanele ngenzeni? Shesha ukuze uvikele isizwe samaxoxo, qala ukukhuthaza? Umsindo ohlekisayo - ojabulisayo, ohlanyayo, ophelelwe yisikhathi?
Abacindezeli - lokhu kucacile - bancishwa imicabango emcabangi futhi abakwazi ukuqhathanisa nonya lwabo lwansuku zonke nemakamu okuhlushwa kanye nekusasa lethu lonke elilahliwe, elingenalo iplanethi yonke ephilayo. Akukho ukuzwela okuyisisekelo, uzwela ngesimo somakhelwane sokuba. Futhi akukaze kube njalo?
Yini elindelwe yisibalo sabantu abanomqondo onjalo ngesimo sokungazivikeli kwezinyawo ezine (-lap)? Sivuna ukungafani kwesimo sezulu - ngoba, bengalindele ubuhle bemvelo, bathatha konke kuye. Kepha siyaqhubeka nokwandisa ikusasa lethu.

Ukuthi izinto zinjani ngamasele eJalimane nase-UK zingatholakala ezincwadini zethu zangaphambilini.

Iphathi yamaxoxo wamafutha yagcinwa kumasiko ase Ussuriysk

Njengoba abamele le nhlangano beshilo, ukuthunyelwa kwesele kanye nokuphuma kwalo kuvunyelwe kuphela ngezimvume futhi kulawulwa ngokuhambisana nesivumelwano se-Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora naseFauna. Izenzo zomenzi wobubi lapha zichazwa yiqiniso lokuthi amafriji ithandwa kakhulu eChina, lapho asetshenziswa kabanzi kwezokwelapha kanye nasezimonyo. Ngokwesilinganiso, inani lamafutha aqoqwe kwifrog eyodwa yi-3-4 g .. Ukuze uthole ama-6.2 kg wamafutha, amaxoxo acishe abe yizinkulungwane ezimbili.

Noma kunjalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuze kube manje isisindo sama-amphibians amakhulu kunawo wonke ahlala emhlabeni - i-toad-agi (Bufo marinus noma Rhinella marina) namaxoxo we-goliath (Conraua goliath) - aywedlanga amakhilogremu amane (cishe. - bufodo) Mayelana nalokhu, sincoma ukufunda inothi lonyaka we-Google. I-7-pound toad fake evela eSadovo yadukisa abantu baseKherson.

Ukuthi amasele asizwa kanjani eJalimane angatholakala kunothi lwethu lwango-2016 "Asekelwa kanjani amasele eJalimane ukuhamba."

Umhlali wase-Alabama uthumele isithombe esinezipho zomngane omusha kwa-Imgur, esijabulisa abasebenzisi online. Kuthunyelwe uchungechunge lwezibhamu zezigqoko ezahlukahlukene eziqoqiwe ukubukwa okungaphezu kwesigidi, futhi ividiyo emfushane enesikhashana lapho uthishomkhulu wabekwa ekhanda lobuhlalu - ukubukwa okungaphezulu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-60.