I-melanacet kaJohnson - papparasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuningi. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. udeveli omnyama, udeveli omnyama ojwayelekile, i-anglerfish ejulile, i-humpback anglerfish rus. I-melanacet kaJohnson, emnyama ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas
omnyama Johnson angler - papparasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuningi. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. udeveli omnyama, udeveli omnyama ojwayelekile, i-anglerfish ejulile, i-humpback anglerfish rus. I-melanacet kaJohnson, emnyama ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas
UMelanocetus johnsoni - papparasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuningi. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. udeveli omnyama, udeveli omnyama ojwayelekile, i-anglerfish ejulile, i-humpback anglerfish rus. I-melanacet kaJohnson, emnyama ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas
udeveli omnyama - papparasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuningi. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. udeveli omnyama, udeveli omnyama ojwayelekile, i-anglerfish ejulile, i-humpback anglerfish rus. I-melanacet kaJohnson, emnyama ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas
udeveli omnyama ojwayelekile - papparasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuningi. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. udeveli omnyama, udeveli omnyama ojwayelekile, i-anglerfish ejulile, i-humpback anglerfish rus. I-melanacet kaJohnson, emnyama ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas
i-anglerfish ejulile - papparasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuningi. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. udeveli omnyama, udeveli omnyama ojwayelekile, i-anglerfish ejulile, i-humpback anglerfish rus. I-melanacet kaJohnson, emnyama ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas
humpback anglerfish - papparasis juodasis meškeriotojas statusas T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuningi. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. udeveli omnyama, udeveli omnyama ojwayelekile, i-anglerfish ejulile, i-humpback anglerfish rus. I-melanacet kaJohnson, emnyama ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas
papparasis juodasis meškeriotojas - isimo T sritis zoologija | vardynas taksono rangas rūšis atitikmenys: kuningi. Melanocetus johnsoni angl. udeveli omnyama, udeveli omnyama ojwayelekile, i-anglerfish ejulile, i-humpback anglerfish rus. I-melanacet kaJohnson, i-anglerfish ryšiai emnyama kaJohnson: ama-platesnis ... ... Žuvų pavadinimų žodynas
I-Ceratiform -? I-Deep Sea Anglerfish Johnson's Melanacet ... Wikipedia
Ukuvela kwe-melanocetus kaJohnson
Ukuvela kwe-melanocyte kuyinto ebonakala kahle, uma kungenjalo iyamangaza, okuyinto engokwemvelo impela, inikezwe iqiniso lokuthi liyingxenye yeqembu le-anglerfish, elinye igama lilo elithi "amademoni olwandle".
UJohannes's Melanocet (Melanocetus johnsonii).
Kuyiqiniso, njengamanye ama-angler, i-melanocyte inezithombe ezitholakala emaphethelweni ezinqubo ezihlobisa ikhanda.
Njengabanye abamele lokhu kudalulwa, i-melanacet kaJohnson inamaphinifa aqine kakhulu we-pectoral, asebenza njengokusekelwa kwesimo sawo. Lawa mafutha asekelwa yingxenye yamathambo.
Njengomgibe wokudoba inyamazane, i-melanocet isebenzisa ukuthwebula izithombe okulula kakhulu kumathiphu wezinqubo ezisekhanda.
Ama-gill slits mancane kakhulu futhi asondelene nasesiswini samaphiko we-pectoral. I-vertebra yokuqala ihlangana nogebhezi. Isidumbu somlingisi omnyama uJohnson sinqunu futhi asimboziwe esikalini.
Enye yezinto ezenziwa nguJohnson angler's ukuthi ubude bama-melanocyte besilisa awudluli ku-3 cm, kuyilapho owesifazana ekhula aze afike ku-18 cm, okuyizikhathi ezi-6 ngaphezulu.
Induku "yenziwa" ngamagciwane akhethekile ahlala nge-melanocyte kaJohnson e-Symbiosis.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ezifana ne-cerate-like, abantu besilisa be-melanocetus besilisa abazihambeli kubantu besifazane, bakhetha ukuhlala ngokwahlukana.
Indlela kaJohnson melanocet
Efuna ukuheha inyamazane yakhe, i-melanacet kaJohnson isebenzisa izinqubo ezisekhanda lakhe elifana nenduku yokudoba. Emaphethelweni walezi zinqubo kukhona izithombe ezigqamile.
Amagciwane akhethekile ahlala e-typiosis nge-melanocyte kaJohnson aholela ekukhanyekeni kwenduku yokudoba i-impromptu.
Ngezithombe zayo, i-black Johnson angler ikhanga i-gonostomous, myctophous and crayfish encane. Ngenxa yokuthi isisu se-melanocyte seselulwe kahle, siyakwazi ukugwinya inyamazane, ebinkulu ngokwedlula i-angler uqobo. Isibonelo, esiswini senye ye-melanocyte ebanjwe nguJohnson, ubude bayo bengamamilimitha ayisithupha nesithupha kuphela, kwatholakala inhlanzi eyayingeyendlu yakwaHowlioids, ubude bayo bungaba ngamamilimitha angamakhulu amabili namashumi amane, cishe nobude be-anglerfish uqobo.
UJohnson angler
Lezi zilwane ezihlaselayo zingabizwa ngokuthi "ezikhangayo kakhulu" phakathi kwezakhamizi zokujula kobumnyama. Baheha inyamazane “ngenduku yokudoba”, ekugcineni kwayo kukhona isitho esikhanyayo esigcwele amagciwane angama-typiotic. Owesifazane uboniswa esithombeni - abesilisa balezi zinhlanzi bambalwa kaningana. Ezinhlotsheni eziningi ezihlobene, ziphenduka ngokuphelele zibe yizinambuzane ezincane bese zinamathela kowesifazane, zithola kuye zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo. Kodwa-ke, iJohnson anglerfish yesilisa igcina inkululeko ethile futhi iyakwazi ukuphila ngokuzimela.
Pacific howliode
Lezi zithandwa zobumnyama zikhuphukela phezulu ebusuku kuphela, zichitha isikhathi esiningi kumakhilomitha amaningi. Izitho zazo zomzimba ezikhanyayo zidonswa ubuhlalu obukhanyayo eduze komzimba. Kukholelwa ukuthi iphethini eliqhakazelayo lisiza ama-hauliods ekufuneni abalingani bomshado futhi lisebenza njengesixwayiso kwabanye ababhekeli phambili: kungcono ukungangididanisi nomuntu ophikisana naye.
I-Batisaur efana neMpi
Ama-Batisaurs (“izibankwa zasolwandle”) aba negama lawo angajwayelekile ngenxa yekhanda elivundlile ligcotshwe, kufana nesigaxa esidabukisayo. Well, were chrisened belligerent ngenxa yesimilo sabo: ekujuleni kwe-1-3 km, lezi zinhlanzi zamathambo azazi isitha esisodwa esingathi sína futhi zilungele ukuhlasela cishe noma iyiphi ithagethi elihambayo.
I-Longhorn Saber
ISabretooth ibhekwa njengesilwane esesabeka kakhulu emhlabeni. Lokhu kungaqondakala: inhloko enkulu, engasindi, enesisindo esindilinga enamehlo amancanyana ihlome ngefangs eziningi ezibukhali ngokwesabekayo. UFry-toothed Fry uhlala eduzane ebusweni futhi akafani nabazali babo abesabekayo kangangokuthi ngaphezu kweminyaka eyikhulu babethathwa njengohlobo lwenhlanzi oluhluke ngokuphelele. Kodwa-ke, maphakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule kwavela ukuthi njengoba bekhula baya ngokuya baphenduka izilobezane ezihlasela amaqembu amancane anonya.
Howliode vulgaris
Lezi zinhlanzi azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngosayizi ohlaba umxhwele, zifinyelela kubude obungamashumi ambalwa amasentimitha. Kodwa-ke, amazinyo abo makhulu ngokukhethekile. Ama-fangs abukhali futhi amade ngaphambili angaphezulu komhlathi ongenhla angakwazi ukubhekana nesitha esikhulu, ngokuletha ukushaywa okunamandla. Zigxilile endaweni, futhi ukuze zigwinye ukukhiqizwa kosayizi abahle, ama-howlioids kufanele avule imilomo yawo cishe ngama-90 degrees.
Pendant "I-Fish Anglerfish"
Ukukhuluma iqiniso, izinyanga ezimbalwa manje bengilokhu ngizama ukuvilapha ukudweba umdwebo wefishfish. Kukhona okungahambi. Kepha "izilo" ezinjalo zilula).
Pendant "I-Fish Anglerfish"
Iparele lesiliva elimnyama leNickel.
Ngiyabonga ngokufunda.
Ngisenokuningi okufanele ngikubonise)
Ushaka onekhanda elimnyama
Isikhathi eside, ebukeka njengenyoka yasolwandle, le nhlanzi eyinqaba ihlukaniswa imvelaphi yasendulo eyindida. Oshaka bePlacid kuthiwa bafakwa emugqeni owaqhamuka ngaphambi kweminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-95 edlule, futhi mhlawumbe ngaphambili kakhulu, ngisho nangesikhathi seJurassic. Amazinyo akhe akhula emigqeni yezingcezu ezingama-20-30, futhi ngamunye uphela ngeziqongo ezintathu ezibukhali. Kodwa-ke, umhlathi omude, obheke phambili, awuvumeli ukulunywa ngamandla amakhulu, okuyinto “izinhlobo eziningi zesimanje” zabashaka abahlala eduze kwangaphansi abakwaziyo.
I-Pelican eel
Izinhlanzi ezinosayizi omncane zifinyelela ubude obungaphezu kwengxenye yamamitha, futhi ingxenye yesine yazo iwela ekhanda elikhulu ngomlomo oweluliwe, ongakwazi ukuhlasela inyamazane enkulu ngokulingana. Ukuheha inyamazane, ukukhanya okubomvu kwe-luminescent kukhanya ngezikhathi ezithile ekugcineni komsila wenhlanzi oguqukayo. Kodwa amazinyo "we-pelican" mancane futhi, ngokusobala, amvumela ukuthi adle ama-cephalopods athambile kuphela.
Seahorses
Angazi noma ukuthi ngifaka ama-sitrobheli, isithombe sihle impela
By the way, izinhlanzi zasolwandle ziyizinhlanzi. "Uhlobo lwenhlanzi encanyana yasolwandle enamalambu omndeni yomndeni yenaliti yokufakelwa okwenziwe ngenaliti," kusho iWikipedia.
Emanzini asolwandle, insikazi idlulisela amaqanda kowesilisa, futhi vele ibhekene nayo yonke into. Ngakho-ke lapha sinobaba omncane onama-micro-skates amancane.
Izakhamizi zasolwandle ezithombeni zaseRoma Fedortsov
Cishe iminyaka engama-20, ongowokuzalwa eMurmansk, eRoma Fedortsov, ebelima indawo yokuqhamuka kolwandle efuna ukubanjwa. Umuntu othweswe iziqu e-MSTU usebenza emkhunjini wokudoba futhi afake nezithombe ezimangalisayo enetheni ngentshisekelo.
Le noveli ithi wabona impilo eminingi yasolwandle ehlukahlukene, njengoba kwenzeka ukubhukuda ezindaweni ezihlukene.
Imvamisa, umvukuzi, lapho amaRoma asebenza khona, uya oLwandle iBarents, ukujula kwalo kungadluli kumamitha ayi-600.
Ngasogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Afrika, ngokwesibonelo, kutholakala izinhlanzi zohlobo oluyinqaba. Futhi kunezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu - ezinobuthi. Futhi esithombeni - i-angler ejulile yolwandle.
I-Catfish ene-isopod.
Lezi zingane, ezisikhumbuza ngemihlobiso yakudala yesihlahla sikaKhisimusi, zingama-pinagors.
Ngasesandleni somatiloshe kukhona ama-anemones, izidalwa zasolwandle ezinethenda ezingavami ukugcina ku-trawl.
I-sea pike - inyamazane ekhula ibe ngamamitha amabili ubude!
I-Holothuria: izingcezu ezintathu.
Catfish futhi. Icala lapho igama inhlanzi - ngqo kule ndaba!
UBrownie Shark
Imithambo yegazi ikhanya esikhunjeni esikhanyayo se-shark-domovoy ejulile, esinika umzimba wakhe umbala onsundu onsomi. Kepha imihlathi yale nhlanzi ibukeka imangalisa ngokwedlulele: iyakwazi ukukhishwa, ifinyelele esicongweni “sekhala” elide elibukhali loshaka, bese inezela kakhulu, idweba emanzini nakho konke okuhlangana nakho.
Isithombe: IMAGEBROKER / LEGION-MEDIA, DIOMEDIA, MINDEN (X3) / FOTODOM. I-RU, BIOS / IZINDABA ZESONTO, ISANDLA SOKUTHENGA (X5) / LEGION-MEDIA, NOAA
Ubuthi, izikhali zedrophic, insangu kanye nezinye izimfihlo ezincane "zezimvemvane zasolwandle"
"Kuyo yonke impilo yasolwandle, lezi yizibonelo eziphezulu." Le yindlela umthwebuli wezithombe weNational Geographic odumile uDavid Dubilet ake wasichaza ngayo lezi zidalwa. Bazuze izigidi zabalandeli emhlabeni wonke. Futhi abahlukahlukene be-scuba bahlala benethemba lokuthi banenhlanhla futhi bazohlangana nalabo abangakaze babone noma bathwebule izithombe ngaphambili.
Hlangana: "izimvemvane zasolwandle" noma "uthingo lwasolwandle" - abalobi abathandanayo bezindaba ezikhuluma ngezilwane zasolwandle bazibiza ngalezi zidalwa.
Ngokuya ngohlobo, ubukhulu bawo buhlukahluka kusuka ku-2cm kuya ku-15-30 cm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinkulu kunazo zonke ngesizathu esithile zihlala eBritish Columbia.
Izazi zesayensi yezemvelo ezingezona ezothando zibabiza ngokuthi yi-nudibranch (lat. Nudibranchia) - indawo ethathwa ngama-gastropods asolwandle avela eHeterobranchia engaphansi. Lokhu ubuhle kuyizihlobo ezisondelene zeminenke yolwandle.
Kwake kwenzeka isikhashana, ekugcineni kwe-Paleozoic - ukuqala kwe-Mesozoic (bekuyizigidi ezingama-200-250 edlule, bese amadayimane asanda kuqala ukuzulazula eMhlabeni) okhokho bawo bahamba .. kanye nomphetho. Ngenxa yalokhu, ama-nudibranch kwadingeka ukuthi aguquke ngazo zonke izindlela ukuze ngandlela-thile azivikele futhi aphile.
AbakwaNudibranchia babengabaqaphi futhi bethokozile. Babengasheshe bafe, futhi lapho kwenzeka ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, basungula izindlela eziningi zokudala ukuze basindise isikhumba sabo.
Omunye wafunda ukuzifihla ngokudweba imvelo
Omunye futhi ukhula okuphuma emzimbeni futhi enze sengathi ngamakhorali, izipanji, amatshe amatshe, izitshalo, njll.
Othile ozilolonga nge-autotomy - njengamaqhude, alahla izingxenye zomzimba ezibonakala ngaphandle.
Omunye udonsa kuzo zonke izikhulumi lapho esaba.
Omunye usebenzisa ubuthi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-bastard anobuthi ayinakekela kakhulu impilo yalabo abaseduze kwabo futhi abaxwayise ngengozi esekude: lapho eba nesihluku esikhulu senkonyane encane, iba mnyama umbala.
I-Shellfish ithola ubuthi ngezindlela ezimbili:
Ezinye izinhlobo zikhiqiza ubuthi zodwa. Imizimba yabo inobuthi futhi ayinakungeneka, noma ihlanganiswe ngumbungu onobuthi futhi ayidli.
Abanye banquma ukuthi ukweba kulula kunokukhiqiza ubuthi babo. Ngakho-ke, badla ngentshiseko isiponji esinobuthi kanye ne-ascidia, futhi basebenzisa ubuthi bebhola. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubuthi obuntshontshiwe busebenza kahle. Futhi bathi izimpahla ezebiwe zekusasa akuyona into efanelekile. Baqamba amanga! Kuqhubeka kanjani!
Labo abakholelwa ukuthi indlela yobuthi akuyona eyabo - bathatha ezandleni zabo .. (ngephutha) izikhali futhi bahlangana nesitha ubuso nobuso. Inqubo yezikhali ilula - udinga ukudla okuthile ngamaseli okugwaza: amakhorali avuthayo, ama-anemones noma ama-hydras ahlukile.
Wake waba nokugwazwa kwe-jellyfish? Noma unenhlanhla yokuthola izimbabazane? Yebo, nakhu - ukugwaza amaseli kusebenza.
Lesi sikhali sisebenza kumgomo - ungathinti, uzobulala. Kumaseli okugwaza kukhona intambo yokugobhoza entwasahlobo enesiphetho esicijile esifakwe ubuthi. Lapho amangqamuzana ethintekile, intwasahlobo iyaqhuma nemiphumela ehambisanayo.
Kepha ungayidla kanjani into eyingozi futhi usinde? Ama-mollusks axazululela le nkinga kalula nje: kuvela ukuthi amateurs adla yonke imfucumfucu egwazayo, kukhona i-chitin ezicutshini zesikhumba (into enamandla awo amagobolondo e-crayfish, crabs kanye nemithambo yangaphandle yezinambuzane). Ngakho-ke, izintambo ezihlabayo ezigwaza izinyoni zilindele iqhubu. Ngomqondo ongokoqobo wegama.
Ngakho-ke isidalwa esidlayo esihlafunayo sigaywa ngokuphepha. Futhi amaseli wezikhali afakwa ezikhwameni ngamathiphu we-protrusion ngemuva kanye nasezinhlangothini ze-gastropod egcwele.
Futhi isitha siyabaleka, abaleke, abaleke. Ngoba i-mollusk enambitheka kangako, kepha ayinangozi ayiyona - iyesabeka ukuyithinta.
Ezinye izinhlobo zeNudibranchia zihlukile. Abazivikeli ngubuthi; abadli abanikazi be-enterobacterial amaseli okugwaza. Kepha zinama-spicule - izinaliti ezincane nezinti ze-chitin zilele ngaphansi kwesikhumba. Amanye ama-mollusk aneziningi zazo kangangokuba abukeka njengama-hedgehogs ama-fluffy amancane.
Isihlangu esijabulisayo singabhekwa njenge-analogue yegobolondo: sisekela izicubu ezithambile zemollusk, futhi sizivikele kwizinyamazane ezincane - sigwinye okuthile okunesineke futhi kube “kuyisimungulu”.
Ama-mollusks olwandle we-gastropod awunawo amagobolondo kuphela. Izinto ezibi azinazo ngisho izibabule ngaphakathi, njengazo zonke izidalwa ezijwayelekile.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lokuphefumula, iNudibranchia ihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili: i-aeolides nama-dorids.
Ama-Eolides aphefumula (amunce umoya-mpilo) esikhunjeni. Ukuze uphefumule kalula, bandise indawo yesikhumba: emzimbeni we-eolide kunamaphosta amaningi ahlanganisiwe nophondo njengophondo.
Ama-Dorids, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-nudibranch. Zinezinqwaba eyodwa noma ngaphezulu zama-gninate yangaphandle. Lapho ngobungozi amagilebhu adonswa phakathi. Amagilebhisi eNudibranch eza ngobukhulu obuningi, osayizi nemibala.
INudibranch kunzima ukuyibona. Kepha bamane bane-antenna yendabuko yamakhanda ekhanda. Bangakwazi ukudonsa, banambithe ukudla noma bazizwe okuthandayo. Okusho ukuthi, lezi zinto, njengoba abarhwebi abathathu nanye bhala, bayisitho sokuhogela, ukuthinta nokunambitha.
Uhlobo ngalunye lwe-gastropod lunokudla kwalo. Omunye uyisisulu, othile udla imifino. Othile owesabekayo. Futhi amanye amakhorali ayadla. Njengoba besho ngokunambitheka nombala ..
Kepha umndeni awukho ngaphandle kwengqondo. Phakathi kweNannibranchia cannibals kutholakala - ziqhuma izihlobo zazo zezinye izinhlobo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sici esihle siyanda phakathi kwezikhathi zothando.
KuneNudibranchia enezintandokazi ezingejwayelekile kakhulu ze-gastronomic. Abalindeli ukwenzelwa imvelo emvelweni. Ukufa ngenxa yokuthi kukhona okungabanjwa noma okungakhuli?
Lokhu ukuphakama kwe-idiocy, yanquma i-Elysia chlorotica. Le mollusk "ngumqondisi wayo": ikhiqiza i-chlorophyll futhi idle njengezitshalo - isebenzisa i-photosynthesis.
AmaNudibranch awanakho ukucwaswa ngokobulili. Inkinga yaxazululeka kalula - wonke ama-hermaphrodites. Futhi WONKE umuntu angathanda futhi athandwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izinhlobo ngasikhathi sinye: senqubo yokuzalelana, ayakwazi ukunikeza isidoda sazo ngasikhathi sinye futhi samukele okomunye umuntu.
Kepha ngaso sonke isikhathi kufanele ukhokhele injabulo. Ngemuva kokwenza ucansi, ama-penits alezi zidalwa ahudula ngokoqobo ngemuva kwabanikazi, kuthi ngemuva kwemizuzu engama-20 avele awe.
Lapho-ke ama-mollusks athole ukuthi alahlekelwe yini, bese emahoreni angama-24 alandelayo abuyisa kakhulu ukusebenza kocansi futhi akhule ngokucophelela isitho esisha sangasese sowesilisa.
Amaqanda aqoqwe ethepheni le-duct abukeka njengembali. Ku-clutch kungaba namaqanda asukela ezigidini ezimbili kuya kwezingama-25.
Izingane zizalwa zizenele ngokuphelele. Babukeka njengekhophi elincane labadala. Futhi kusukela emaminithini okuqala empilo abayidingi ukunakekelwa komuntu.
Ungahlangana nalamadoda abukekayo olwandle emhlabeni jikelele, kusuka ezifundeni ezingama-Arctic, ezinomswakama nezishisayo, kuya oLwandle Oluseningizimu ezungeze i-Antarctica. Futhi ekujuleni kwamanzi kusuka kumanzi angajulile kuya ku-700 m nokuningi.
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zeNudibranchia zihlala emanzini anosawoti. Kukhona ezimbalwa kuphela ezingabekezelela amanzi aphansi kasawoti.
Lezi zidalwa zihlala endle kuncane kakhulu - kusuka emavikini ambalwa kuya onyakeni.
I-Seahorse. Ukuqoshwa kusuka kusimbi.
Sawubona ntambama
Futhi, uDmitry Mitrofanov, kanti kulokhu kuthunyelwe isithombe esibunjiwe seahorse.
Ukuzila, ukuzila nje.
izithombe. ngaphandle kwevidiyo.
I-skate yenziwa njengenjwayelo kusuka kusimbi yensimbi nasezingxenyeni ezisele.
Umzimba we-conveyor chain, oxhumanisa izinduku u-Moskvich, induku yokuxhuma, amagiya esikhathi, ama-camshaft cam abephethe kuwo, i-spacer ye-VAZ 2101, i-clutch basket engaziwa, ithawula lokuqondisa, amaketanga, iziphethu, ingxenye ye-Subaru rack ne-pinion windows.
Ngamafuphi, konke lokhu bekubunjiwe, kuphekwe kanti kuphume indoda ebukekayo eyi-85cm.
Embukisweni weWeldex, endaweni yenkampani eyodwa enezixhobo ezibomvu, isikebhe sathola umklomelo, kwavezwa imaskhi ehlonishayo ye-welding chameleon.
Ngiyabonga ngokunaka kwakho!
Futhi onentshisekelo emsebenzini wami, nansi isixhumanisi esiya ku-akhawunti yami, ngemvume yabomengameli:
Isiphisi esijabulisayo esithanda ukuhamba.
Ngakho-ke, wabhala ngezinyoka zasolwandle ezinobuthi, futhi wabhala ngezingibe ezinobuthi. Nansi enye iposi esebhange le-piggy le-phobias yakho.
Futhi ubani lapha omuhle kangaka? Futhi ubani nathi nathi esihle kangaka phansi konyawo. ugh, amaphiko ahlunga ngawo?
Yebo, ubani ukuthi sinobuthi obunje?
Kule vidiyo, uDeveli Scorpion (Scorpaenopsis Diabolus) ugcwala injabulo phansi. Ibizwa nangokuthi izinhlanzi zamatshe zamanga.
Ngithola ukudideka kwengqondo lapho ngibheka izinhlanzi eziqhuba ibhizinisi labo.
Okuxakile ngokwanele, kepha izinhlanzi eziningi ezingaphansi zithanda ukuhamba ngokukhululeka. Kungani kunjalo kungaqondakali. Njengezinhlanzi zokubhukuda kufanele zibe lula ngokwengeziwe.
Iqhawe lale vidiyo liqhamuka emndenini owaziwayo wababhemi: Scorpaenidae (inhlanzi yofezela). Umndeni uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi ezinobuthi emhlabeni.
Umndeni weScorpaenidae mkhulu impela - unamakhulu ezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Bonke babukeka behlukile. Kepha wonke umuntu unesici esihle somndeni: izikhala ezibukhali ezinemisevu enobuthi. Phansi komgogodla ngamunye kukhona indlala ekhethekile ekhiqiza ubuthi.
Isigaxa sikaDeveli sikhula sibe ngamasentimitha angama-30. Kubukeka sengathi hhayi okuningi. Futhi akahlaseli abantu. Kepha kungcono ukungangeni kuye, hhayi ukuhlala phansi futhi ungagxili. Ubuthi kubantu abubulalanga, kepha izinkumbulo "ezimnandi" zomhlangano zihlala nawe kuze kube phakade.
UDeveli izinyanya. Kepha abahlaseli abavilaphayo ngakho bahlakaniphile. Abasukeli isidlo sakusihlwa ngesivinini esikhulu, njengabanye. Futhi ngobuhlakani zenze amatshe. Bazifafaza nesihlabathi ukuze bathembeke.
Lezi ngamakhosi aphezulu wesigaba sokufihla. Uma ungazi ukuthi ubheke kuphi, ngeke uqaphele.
Lapho ukudla kwakusihlwa sekubhukuda ngokwanele, kuba sengathi kushiwo ukuthi: lapho ngigxuma, lapho ngigxumela ngaphandle, amahlazo azoya emigwaqweni engemuva.
Uma ubhekisisa, khona-ke kucezu leli tshe ungabona amehlo amahle.
Lezi zingwe ezinobuthi zinempahla eyodwa eyimfihlakalo .. Ukukhanya kwenhlanzi kubomvu lapho kukhanyiswa ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma we-ultraviolet. Kuze kube manje akekho owaziyo ukuthi kungani futhi i-biofluorescence isebenza kanjani kulezi zinhlanzi. Basikisela ukuthi baxhumane nezihlobo zohlobo lwabo.
Uma ufuna ukuhlangana nabo - akunankinga! Kwanele ukuntywila ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-70 oLwandle lwaseNdiya noma lwePacific: ukusuka eSouth naseMpumalanga Afrika kanye noLwandle Olubomvu kuya eJapan, eHawaii, eFrench Polynesia, e-Australia naseNew Caledonia.
Ukuma ngobuso, ukuze ube neqiniso, ngakho-ke ..
Umphakathi okhuluma isiNgisi ubiza lobu buhle ngokuthi "wolf eel," noma, "eel-wolf." In the Russian version, a catfish. Angazi ukuthi yini okungaphakathi kuye kusuka kuma-eels, nokuthi ngubani onobungani obukhulu kangaka negama. Ngokomthetho, kuyinhlanzi enamanzi olwandle, yomndeni we-catfish, okuwukuphela kommeleli wohlobo lwe-Anarrhichthys.
Uhlobo oluthile lwama-erysipelas kuye luyasola - alukhuthazi ukuzethemba. Kusuka ezwini nhlobo. Kepha ebusweni, njengoba besho, "ungaphuzi amanzi."
Okubi kakhulu ngezimpisi ze-eel igama. Akuzona izidalwa ezinolaka. Abajahi abantu. Kepha banelukuluku kakhulu futhi bathanda okuhlangenwe nakho okusha.
Kuliqiniso, uma ubathola kakhulu, khona-ke abakwazi ukuluma buthakathaka. Ngokufana, noma kunjalo, noma ngubani osesimweni esifanayo.
Esithombeni, ukuphela okujabulisayo kumbono wami. Ama-Pisces abonakali sengathi athanda kakhulu ukubanjwa.
Umbala o-grey wamadoda usemfashinini phakathi kwabesilisa. Amantombazane agqoke onsundu.
Nentsha ethuthukile ithanda izithunzi eziwumbala zamawolintshi.
Baphila (ngenhlanhla, futhi akekho oyodla ngaphambili), cishe iminyaka engama-25.
Bakhetha okuwukuphela kwabo (noma kuphela), futhi bahlala othandweni nasekuvumelaneni kuze kube yilapho ukufa kuhlukana nabo. (Lokhu kungokwebufakazi babahlukahlukene abebebonile ukuthi imibhangqwana ithuthe kanjani kwenye indawo yokuhlala izikhathi eziningana.) Angazi ukuthi ababukeli babazi kanjani ngokubona, kimi bonke bayalingana.
Emindenini, ama-wolf eels anamalungelo alinganayo: bobabili abazali baqapha amaqanda kuze kube yilapho izingane zibopha. Futhi umama wakhe umguqula kwesinye isikhathi: unakekela ukuthi inzalo yakhe ayinazo izinkinga zempilo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kanye nabaphambukeli babuka umndeni wabantu abathathu ... izinhlanzi. Babengobani omunye komunye lapho - qagela ngokwakho.
Lezi zinhlanzi zingabasekeli bokudla okunempilo: ayikho i-cola, ama-burger amabi nama-fries amabi aseFrance! Ama-crustaceans kuphela, ama-urchins asolwandle, izicubu zomzimba, ama-clams, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izinhlanzi. Ngakho-ke, abahlushwa ukukhuluphala futhi banesisindo esincane - cishe i-18 kg. Ngokukhula, (uxolo), ngobude bamamitha angama-2.4 - lokhu ukubukeka kuyimfashini, kwanamuhla.
Uma uthandile iphrofayili nesithombe, ngizokutshela ukuthi ungabonana kuphi: ungenza isikhathi sokuya engxenyeni esenyakatho yoLwandlekazi iPacific kusuka eziqhingini zase-Aleutian kanye nasogwini oluseningizimu ye-Alaska. Okudala kakhulu kwahamba nempilo engcono eCalifornia. Futhi, kubonakala sengathi, abafikanga lapho kubi. Kepha awekho amadoda amaningi anesibindi.
Iba nesikhathi esimnandi !! Bese uthi sawubona kimi.
Iqhwa elijulile lolwandle, idili lezidumbu ezinzulwini
Wake wakucabanga ngokwenzeka kwizidumbu olwandle? Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi wonke umuntu udla, izingcezu ezisele zibolile buthule nangokuthula zize zinyamalale ngokuphelele? Hehe, unephutha elikhulu. Izinto zanamuhla ziyoba zibuhlungu, kepha ziyaqaqamba. Sizokhuluma ngeqhwa elijulile lolwandle.
Ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-3000, uNyaka oMusha ugujwa nsuku zonke!
Isithwathwa Yebo, yiliphi iqhwa elingaphansi kwamanzi, umbhali, uyisiwula? - Noma yimuphi umfundi onesifiso uzokusho. Yebo, kunjalo, igama elithi “iqhwa” lisetshenziswa ngendlela engokomfanekiso. Okubizwa ngokuthi yiqhwa elijulile, kulokhu kuqubuka izidumbu zezinkulungwane zezilwane ezafa ngaphezulu. Kuliqhwa leqhwa lenyama efile.
Uyacelwa uqaphele ukuthi ezithombeni zolwandle ekujuleni okukhulu ezimeni eziningi kunamamaki amhlophe.
Cabanga nje ukuthi sisegodini elingaphansi komkhumbi futhi sehlela kwalasha. Mina nawe singayibona kahle le nto emangalisayo, kusukela kumamitha ayi-1000 wokuntywiliselwa olwandle. Ekuqaleni kuzokwazi ukungabonakali. Ukuvula izibuko ebumnyameni, sithola ukuthi amanzi awuthuli oluncane. Izinhlayiya ezincane zezinto eziphilayo, ezinjenge-spring fluff of dandelions, zishintshana buthule ngezindlela ezihlukile. Ziqukethe izingcezu zezidumbu, izidumbu, udoti kanye nezinsalela ze-algae. Ngaphezu kwezinto eziphilayo, lezi zinhlayiya ziqukethe isihlabathi, isoso kanye nezinye izinto zokwakha.
Emanzini ajule kakhulu emanzini apholile, lesi simo kungenzeka sivezwe buthaka.
"Imvula" enjalo icishe ibe ukuphela komthombo wokudla kwabemi abaningi abaseduze. Ama-Arthropods, izibungu, inhlanzi eluhlaza ojulile olwandle nama-echinoderm abandakanyeka kuphela ekuhlunga inani elinjalo. Kepha ake singene shí ngokujulile!
Lesi isopod esikhulu. Eqinisweni, izintwala ezinkulu kakhulu zokhuni (hhayi eduze ngokuhlelekile). Impilo yakhe yonke, lesi silo esikhulu sifefa izinsalela zezinto eziphilayo phansi.
2000-3000 metres ngaphansi kwamanzi. Manje sesisebumnyameni ngokuphelele. Noma ngibheka phezulu, ngeke sibone umbono wokuthi kunokukhanya okuphezulu ngaphezulu. Ingcindezi lapha ingaphezu kokukhulu futhi izidalwa ezinamandla kuphela ezingasinda lapha. Kuthiwani ngeqhwa? Lapha kwembulwa iqhwa lolwandle olujulile kuyo yonke inkazimulo yalo! Ngaphansi kwengcindezi enjalo, ukuwa kwayo kuyancipha, bese izingcezu ezincane zinamathele ku-flakes yangempela amasentimitha ambalwa. Iyaqhubeka futhi ihamba kancane. “Iqhwa elilodwa” lingawa amasonto onke, ngoba impilo ezansi ingeyokuzithokozisa ngokuphelele.
Ucezu "lweqhwa" ngamasentimitha ambalwa
Iqhwa lasolwandle elijulile kungenye yezinto ezichaza ukwenzeka. gigantism olujulile olwandle. Uyakhumbula? Lapho sijula ngokujulile, izidalwa ziya ziba zinkulu. Inani elikhulu lezinto eziphilayo lakha idili lonke, ngoba imvula ivela ekudleni. Ngalesi sizathu, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ezihlala lapho zibizwa ngokuthi "abahlanzayo." Kungama-bastards ethusayo empeleni adla leli qhwa. Ama-Isopods, ama-pantopods, ama-giant starfish, izinhlanzi ezingama-gloomy ngezansi.
I-Pantopod, yokuhlanza isicabucabu esikhulu sasolwandle
Kwezinye izindawo, ungqimba wesilika ovela kuleyo micimbi ufinyelela amashumi amamitha, futhi asikwazi nokucabanga ukuthi iziphi izidalwa ezingatholakala ngaphakathi. Ukujula kolwandle akufundwanga nhlobo, asazi ukuthi ngubani ohlala lapho. Ukuhamba olwandle okujulile akuvamile kakhulu. Cishe yonke imininingwane yezilwane ezihlala ngokujulile itholwe ngabadobi abazibambe ngengozi lezi zidalwa.
Ukujula kolwandle okujulile. Qaphela ukuthi zonke izithombe zangempela zezinhlanzi ezijulile olwandle zivame ukuba neqhwa olujulile olwandle.
Isazi. Omunye ohlala komunye umhlaba.
Ukujula kolwandle kuyindawo okunzima ukuhlala kuyo, kepha kunokudla okuningi lapho. Futhi lapho kunokudla okuningi - kunezilwane eziningi futhi, ngokunokwenzeka, ezinkulu kakhulu. Ngabe iplanethi yethu ibisigcinele iziphi izilo? Well, linda ubone.
Amamitha ayi-2000 ngaphansi kwezinga lolwandle
Ngiyabonga ngokunaka kwakho :)
Abesilisa bathande ukukhulelwa kusuka kwabesifazane abakhangayo
Izinhlanzi ezinaliti kanye nezinyoni zasolwandle, ukunakekela inzalo kuwumsebenzi wobudoda. Abesilisa kulezi zinhlanzi banesikhwama esikhethekile sokuthwala amaqanda futhi banikeze imibungu nge-oksijini nezakhi zomzimba. Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi owesilisa weSyngnathus scovelli needlefish ukhathalela ukuthi ngowesifazane muphi umuntu okhulelwe. Ukuheha komuntu wesifazane kunqunywa ngosayizi wakhe. Lapho kukhula insikazi, yilapho umuntu wesilisa ngokuzithandela ethanda kakhulu yona kanye nezinsizakusebenza eziningi azitshalile ekukhuliseni inzalo.
Owesifazane Syngnathus scovelli onobuhle obuyisidina futhi owesilisa ephethe isikhwama semifana esiswini sakhe. Izithombe ezivela ku-gwsphotos.com
Njengomthetho, abesifazane batshala imali yabo eningi kwinzalo kunabesilisa. Ngakho-ke, "amandla okuzala" angowesilisa kuvame ukuba ngobuningi, kanti nawesifazane - atholakala ngokufushane. Lokhu kuphumela ekushayaneni kwezintshisekelo zokuziphendukela kwemvelo phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane (bheka: ukungqubuzana kocansi okuzivelelayo, ukuxabana ngokobulili). Isibonelo, kwesinye isikhathi kuvela isimo lapho ukukhethwa kungathandeka kulabo besilisa abakwaziyo ukushada ngangokunokwenzeka nabesifazane abaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, nakulabo besifazane abaziphatha ngokucwasa kakhulu nangokukhetha lapho bekhetha umuntu abathandana naye.
Ukuxabana kobulili kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwezimo ezijwayelekile kakhulu (bheka, ngokwesibonelo: P. N. Peterv. Ababhejeli bezimbumbulu abadlwengulayo nababulali). Zingathinti nje kuphela ukuziphatha kokuzalela nokukhethwa komlingani, kepha nobudlelwano phakathi kwabazali nenzalo, kufaka phakathi i-physiology yokukhulelwa. Isibonelo, amagundane abesifazane abakhulelwe "bangashintsha imiqondo yabo" futhi baphinde basebenzise imibungu yabo uma benganephunga lobaba wezimpuku zesikhathi esizayo, kodwa omunye umuntu wesilisa (lokhu kubizwa "yiBruce effect", bheka: umphumela weBruce). Okushiwo yilokhu kuguqulwa ukuthi iphunga elivelakancane kungenzeka elingelowesilisa owaziwayo, ngubani umlingani owuthandayo owuthandayo (othwala izinhlobo zangempela) kunowokulahleka okungasanuki.
Imidlalo yokumatanisa eSyngnathus nigra. Izithombe ezisuka bio.research.ucsc.edu
Ukuthuthukiswa kwalokhu kuguqulwa kuchazwa ngumqondo wokukhethwa kobulili. Ukubheka ukwakheka kwethiyori, into ethakazelisa kakhulu yilezo zilwane ezimbalwa lapho izindima zocansi zaphendulwa khona, njengakwezinye izinhlanzi nezinyoni (bona: Ukunakekelwa kwabazali bezingane ezuzwe ifula lezintshezi ezivela kuma-dinosaurs, “Elements”, Disemba 23, 2008). Umbono ubikezela ukuthi uma umthwalo omkhulu wokunakekela inzalo uzothwalwa ngowesilisa, khona-ke ukuntuleka ngeke kube ngowesifazane, kodwa amandla okuzala angamaduna. Ukujwayeza ukukhethwa kobulili kufanele kuguquke ngokufanele. Ngenxa yalokhu, izinsikazi kufanele zikhiqize ukuzivumelanisa okuthile “nokwesilisa”, okufana nokugqoka okukhanyayo okukhanyayo kanye nokuncipha kokukhetha lapho ukhetha umlingani, kanti abesilisa kufanele kube okugqamile nokubandlulula okwengeziwe. Amaqiniso ngokuvamile aqinisekisa lezi zibikezelo. Kodwa-ke, kuze kube manje, kulo mbono, into eyingqayizivele "yokukhulelwa kwabesilisa" ezinhlanzini zomndeni waseSyngnathidae ayifundwanga cishe. Amadoda ezinhlobo eziningi zalo mndeni awazange nje athathe inkathazo yokunakekela i-caviar - akhulelwa ngempela ngokuthwala imibungu esikhwameni esikhethekile, futhi ukushintshana kwezakhi zomzimba kwenziwa phakathi komzimba kababa nemibele.
Izazi zebhayoloji zaseNyuvesi yaseTexas zithathe isinqumo sokuhlola ukuthi ngabe inhlanzi yeduna yenaliti engu-Syngnathus scovelli inayo yini into efana nale nto eyenziwe ngaphambili "Bruce". Ukuhlolwa kwabo kukhombisile ukuthi abesilisa balolu hlobo bangalawula inani lezinto ezitshalwe kuzalo, ngokuya ngekhwalithi yothandana.
Kulesi sivivinyo bekuhanjelwe abesilisa abangama-22. Owesilisa ngamunye ucwilisa ochungechungeni nabesifazane ababili. Owesilisa akazange anikezwe ukhetho (owesilisa wafakwa emanzini e-aquarium nowesifazane oyedwa okhethwe ngokungahleliwe), kepha abahloli bangahlulela izinga lokuheha lowesifazane abanikezwe ngesikhathi okwamthatha ngalo ukuyenga umlingani wakhe.
Abesilisa bakhetha ngokusobala abalingani abakhulu: uma kukhula owesifazana, ngokushesha owesilisa wayemvumela ukuba abeke amaqanda esikhwameni sakhe. Ngasikhathi sinye, abesilisa abakhulu baziphatha ngobuchule kunabesilisa abancane. Ukuqokwa okunjalo lapho ukhetha umlingani kuvamile ezinhlanzini eziningi (bheka: Kungani izinhlanzi zigwema ukungalingani kwemishado, ama-Elements, 12.06.2009).
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, inani lamaqanda abanjwe esikhwameni sowesilisa labalwa. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyisikhombisa (okungukuthi, phakathi nokukhulelwa, okuhlala cishe amasonto amabili kulolu hlobo), abaphenyi baphinde babeka owesilisa ngaphansi kwesibonakhulu futhi babala inani lemibungu evame ukukhula. Ngemuva kosuku lokuzalwa, owesilisa watshalwa nomunye umuntu wesifazane okhethwe ngokungahleliwe, futhi inqubo yonke yaphindwa.
Kwesobunxele: Imibungu esikhwameni sobala sowesilisa okhulelwe. Kwesokudla: I-micrograph ye-elektroni ekhombisa ubuhlobo obusondelene phakathi kukababa nembungu ekhulayo. Y iyi-yolk, U-E ngumbungu, u-C ungumkhuzi (igobolondo leqanda), YODonga olungaphandle lwesikhwama. Izithombe ezivela kwinqaku elifakiwe ku-Nature
Kwavela ukuthi inani lamaqanda owesilisa avumela owesifazana ukuthi alalele esikhwameni sakhe lihambelana kahle nosayizi lowesifazane. Lelinani ekuhlolweni kusuka ku-4 kuye ku-42 (isilinganiso esingu-22,5). Ukusinda kwenzalo kwaqala kusuka ku-0 kuye kwayi-100% (okuyisilinganiso esingu-71%) futhi kuye ngesilinganiso sowesifazane: kukhulu umama, kuphakama ithuba lokuthi umbungu ngamunye uzalwe ngokuphepha.
Le miphumela iveza ukuthi owesilisa angakwazi ukulawula inani lemithombo yomzimba wakhe esetshenziselwe ukuzala, ngokuya ngokuheha kowesifazane. “Ukuheha” kulokhu kusho ubukhulu, kodwa abalobi baphawula ukuthi izici ezinkulu zabesifazane nezimpawu zesibili zecala zivame ukuzwakala kunezincane.
a, b - Ukuncika kwesikhathi esidingekayo sowesifazane sokuyenga owesilisa, ngosayizi wowesifazane (a) nomehluko osayizi besilisa nowesifazane (b). c, d ungumphumela wobukhulu besifazane ngenani lamaqanda afakwe esikhwameni sowesilisa (c), kanye nengxenye yemibungu esindayo (d). Kwowesilisa ngamunye, kuboniswa imiphumela yesibili yokukhulelwa okubili. U-fig. kusukela esihlokweni esikhulunywayo ku-Nature
Amatende acashile wezwe lesilwane.
Ngokuvamile, ngokweqiniso, “itabernakele” njengegama ngesiRussia ukuboleka okumsulwa, futhi ngemuva kokufunda i- “tentery” wena, uzokucabanga ngama-tentacle. Kepha konke kuthambekele ngandlela thile: igama lesiNgisi livela ku-lat. I-“Tentaculum”, yona, esithumela ngokudlala ukuthi “singene ethendeni” noma “silinge” bese, ngokufanele, isho ukuthi “zama”, “uzizwe”. Ngakho-ke, lokhu akulona uhlobo oluthile lwe-tentacle enobuthi, okokuqala kwesitho sokuzwa - lokhu ukunambitheka, lokhu ukuthinta nokuqonda komhlaba.
Ekhuluma ngamatende amahle, izazi zemvelo ezonakaliswe isiko elidumile zivame ukumelela i-octopus, i-hydra, kanye neCthulhu esibi, zingazinaki ngokuphelele izinhlobo eziningi zezinto ezithokozisayo.
Isibonelo, i-Erpeton tentaculatum, noma inyoka yetendeYaziwa nangokuthi yi-herpetone. Lolu kuphela uhlobo lohlobo futhi inyoka okuwukuphela kwayo enama-tentacle emvelweni. Into efana naleyo. yebo, amatende aneetabernakele. Inyoka ngokwayo incane ngosayizi - akuvamile ukuba welule izinhlamvu ezibanjiwe iye kumitha eyi-1 - ihlala emanzini amdaka ase-Indochina. Inobuthi, kepha ngenxa yobungcweti obuncane abubi yingozi kubantu. Ubuthi buqonde izinhlanzi, amazinyo mancane, kanti ubuthi bufakelwe ukujula emlonyeni.
Uma ungamyengeli ngezitho ezinde futhi ezithambile zomzimba, ngeke zidale izinkinga. Impilo yemihla ngemihla yesilwane yenzeka lapho kuqamekelwa khona. Inyoka isonga umsila wayo kuzungeze i-snag eseduze futhi ifaka uhlobo lophawu lombuzo olungaphenduki. Indlela yokuzingela iyathakazelisa ngokukhethekile, futhi ifundelwa ukwazi ilukuluku kososayensi. Izwa indlela izinhlanzi ezisebenzisa ngayo amachaphazelo, inyoka igcwala umzimba wayo ophansi, isabise inhlanzi, lapho-ke lapho iqala ukunyakaza ukuze ihlasele, ihlasela.
Ngokungafani nezinyoka eziningi ezihlasela inhlanzi uqobo futhi incike ekumangala, i-herpeton ihlasela isikhala esiphambi kwenhlanzi, ibala ngokuqhubeka kwendawo ephuka kuyo. Ngaphambi kokuhlaselwa, i-herpeton idonsa amatende ekhanda egameni lokuphepha kwalawa.
Ngokuvamile, ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zabanini bamatende kukhulu ngokwako.Uma, ngokwesibonelo, uqala ukugaya ama-amphibians angenamlenze, ngomqondo ongokoqobo nangokomfanekiso, lapho-ke uzokumangaza kakhulu inani lezinhlobo. Uma abanye bengadideka nge-earthworms, abanye bayakwazi ukuzenzela bona. Isibonelo, isibungu esikhulu esivela kuhlobo lwezibungu eziyiqiniso, eCaecilia abitaguae:
Isibungu esikhulu, esiyimbubhiso e-Ecuador, sibeka amaqanda futhi sihlala phakathi kwamatshe neziqu zemithi ezibolile. Ngakho konke lokhu, e-Ecuador, watholakala ezindaweni ezimbili kuphela ku-coilillera ephakathi ne-Andes.
Simba umhlonyane emuva emagqeni bese sihamba siyofuna amatende. Phakathi kwezikelemu, abaningi banazo ngokujwayelekile, futhi ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabamele uhlobo lwe-Ichthyophis. Futhi mathupha, ngithanda kakhulu i-khumhzi, noma, ngokumane, umdobi ongenamainyawo. Indoda ebukekayo ikhula ibe ngu-40 cm, ihlukaniswe izigaba eziyi-127. Kuhlala kuphela uMfula i-Agoh eManipur, eNdiya. Kwangathi hibernate. Idla konke okungahamba futhi kuhlanganyele. Ubuye abe namatende amancane kakhulu. Yebo, futhi strip eyodwa. Ziyamangaza ngokujwayelekile.
Izinyoka zezinhlanzi ziyizilwane zakudala, noma ngamazinga ezinsizwa. Ososayensi bababeka phansi kakhulu entanjeni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ngenxa yesikhundla semilomo yabo, bathi wonke umuntu usevele wehlelele phansi ukwenza kube lula ukwedlula lokhu, futhi nalawa asenamaxoxo anamazinga aqondile, asalayo nezimpawu ezinciphile zomsila.
"Hawu, yikhona yini lokho!" - uthi - "Mncane kakhulu!" Hawu, ufunani? Isiqu? Isiqu sikakhoriyali. Awukwazi ukungayinaki inkanyezi ye-Intanethi nenkosi yamatende amancane. I-Stargazer, noma ukuqhuma kwenkanyezi. Okuhlala eNyakatho Melika. Ibizwa ngokuthi yi-asterisk ebusweni be-22 eyaphuma. Uma namhlanje ungeke umangale muntu ngezindaba eziphathelene nempilo yama-moles, izinzwa zabo zisafundwa.
Inkanyezi yezinkanyezi imbozwe kwizitho zika-Eimer's. Bangaphezu kuka-20,000 babo ebusweni besilwane. Lapho sebakhulile, babukeka njengezinkulungwane zezingono ezincane, esinye nesinye sangamamentshisi ayinkimbinkimbi asuselwa esitokisini seMerkel noma i-mechanoreceptor. Ngaphezu kwe-mechanoreceptor, izingono ziqukethe ama-receptors wobuhlungu nokudlidliza. Ngakho-ke, isilo sivele sine-tent tent ezingama-22 ebusweni bayo embozwe izingono, futhi zonke ziqukethe izinzwa zobuhlungu, zokuthinta nezidlidliza.
Ngibhekela kwabakhileyo abangaphansi komhlaba wamanzi, ngifuna ukusuka nokuxakayo okungajwayelekile futhi ngiqale nge-catfish esiseduzane nathi. Basondele, okokuqala, ngoba bayizinhlanzi ze-aquarium, futhi hhayi ukuthi bangabanjwa esiqwini esiseduze. Ngokwezifiso, itabernakele njengesitho sezinzwa lakhiwa lapho kungekho okunye okusizayo khona - lapho kungekho okubukwayo, akukho lutho okungamthwalela noma ukulilalela, futhi ungathinta nje uthinte amaqhinga akho ngobunono.
Ngokuyisisekelo, nonke niyazi ukuthi i-catfish ilu-mustachioed. Kepha abanye, okungukuthi uSomiki-Antsistra, badlulela phambili. Ake siqale ngeLucifer ancistrus hoplogenys, noma inkanyezi ancistrus. Inhlanzi ipholile kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Okokuqala, lo ngumndeni we-chain catfish, okusho ukuthi uhlomile. Ngomqondo ongokoqobo. Esikhundleni sesikali, unokukhula kwamathambo okwakha izikhali. Singakuqhathanisa ne-sturgeon noma i-sterlet, kepha eyokugcina inamapuleti amabili ezikhali. Futhi i-Antsistrus, njenge knight yangenkathi ephakathi, iboshwe kusukela ekhanda kuye ezinzwaneni.
Okwesibili, inombala ongafinyeleleki: isibhakabhaka esinezinkanyezi ngamehlo edlozi. Umbala impela omnyama wombala oyinhloko ungena ezinsikeni ezimhlophe zamabala. Ubhekisisa leli phethini, untanta emanzini, ungabona amehlo amabili a-violet awekho ezinhlangothini, kodwa ngaphezulu kwekhanda - akukhangela kuwe, futhi uyawabuka. Futhi kuphela ekhoneni leso lakho, ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukubonana ngamehlo, unaka okuvela ngezansi. inqwaba yamatende.
Izikhunta zetende ziyimpahla ehlukile yabesilisa. Akuvamile ukuba zikhule zifike ku-10 cm. Emvelo, zihlala ezindaweni ezinodaka zemifula i-Amazon, imifula yeParaguay ne-Essexibo, futhi zidla ngokudla kwama-algae. Kodwa uma uqala ukwenza i-google izithombe ze-Antsistrus ku-Intanethi, uzomangala ukubabamba bedla i-zucchini kanye namakhukhamba lapho kugcinwa ezindaweni zasemanzini.
IStar Antsistrus inamawele - i-Star Antsistrus (Ancistrus hoplogenys). Ngaphandle, akunakuhlukaniswa. Kepha i-stellar ikhudlwana, ilula kancane futhi ihlala kancane, ezintabeni zase-Amazon. Kepha incazelo iyefana. Imilingo namehlo ansundu.
Sikhasa! Ngokuvamile, uma siqala ukufuna amatende asizungezile, sidinga nje ukuthola umxhwele noma i-slug. Kepha khumbula ukuthi bobabili bamane igama elijwayelekile lefomu le-gastropod. Uma ubamba umuntu ephila, uma kwenzeka: okungenhla kwamatende amabili kuyizinto ezibunjiweyo nezihogelayo, kanti eziphansi zinambitha futhi zithinta. Ngakho-ke, uma uphakamisa umunwe wakho futhi ekuthinta ngetabernakele elingaphansi - akukuhle, uma uhamba ngeso elibukhali nalabo abangaphezulu - ke konke kulungile.
Umnenja obanda kunazo zonke emhlabeni - I-Crysomallon squamiferum. Uhlala eduze neziphethu zamanzi ezinamanzi amaningi. Ekujuleni kwe-2 km. Phezu kokubamba okukhohlisayo akukho muntu lapho. Futhi izinga lokushisa lishintsha ngamashumi ama-degree ngaphakathi kwemitha eyodwa. Cishe akukho ukudla. Futhi le ngane - futhi ayikhulisi ngaphezu kuka-5 cm - ikhule esihogweni solwandle olujulile ngamaphesenti ayikhulu. Unciphise umthamo wegaya wokugaya amahlandla ayi-10, waletha amagciwane ezimpawu zokugaya i-iron sulfide, futhi wandisa nezikhali zakhe. Umphumela waba umlenze onezikhala zensimbi, amandla okudla i-iron, igobolondo engamelana nengcindezi nezinguquko zamazinga okushisa, okwazi ukumelana nokuhlaselwa okuqhubekayo kokuphamba okulambile. Isinki, ngendlela, futhi iqukethe i-iron sulfide compounds.
Njengendawo yokuqala, engingayikhetha inkosi yawo wonke amatende kanye ne-cthulhu engakhulumeki Nautilus pompilius. Ah sithandwa, aphi ama-octopus, ama-cuttlefish, ama-octopus nama-squid? Yebo, okokuqala, wazi kahle ngabo ngaphandle kwami. Okwesibili, i-nautilus iyathakazelisa kakhulu. Mdala kunama-octopus futhi uhlala eMhlabeni selokhu eCambria, kuyilapho isikhwama sokuqala se-ink, ukuphrinta kwamehlo kanye nezinkomishi zezinkomishi ezivela octopus zivela emuva eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-296 edlule. Ukuqanjwa kwakungeyasePolsepia.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-natiulas nathi isikhathi eside. Kusukela kuma-cephalopods angenabungozi, noma kunalokho amagobolondo awo, senze i-coasters, amatafula, ama-jugs kanye nanoma yiziphi izinto eziphikisanayo kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. Iqiniso alicaci ukuthi ngabe besizokwenza kanjani ukube besazi ukuthi usebenzisa kanjani usinki. Ngamafuphi, lokhu kungukuhlobisa komhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba, lapho ngemuva kwegobolondo kudlala indima ye-ballast negesi gumbi. I-pompilius iyithathaphi igesi, ubuza? Kahle. kungokwemvelo, futhi ngenxa yohlelo olunjalo, ngokomzwelo luqhamuka, lokhu kuyindlela yakhe ngqo.
Umlenze wakhe ojwayelekile we-snail-mollusk usekhule waba uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi: lapha uneshubhu-turbine eliholela enkambeni yodwa nokuyinto yokwela phansi phansi nokugcwalisa izinto ezimnandi. Ngokuqondene netabernakele, akusizanga ngeze ukuthi ngambiza ngokuthi inkosi yalaba. INautilus ikhula ibe yizandla ezingama-90, lapho ikwazi ukubamba khona ukudla, inamathele endaweni ezungezile futhi imnandi ukuzulazula kuyo yonke imikhondo, igeleza nemisinga yolwandle.
Kuphakathi kokuthi bavukile, noma sikhona phansi.
Ezinye izithombe zami nama-collages asesidlangalaleni i-https: //vk.com/endofcolor
Izakhamizi zolwandle olujulile.
Izilo ezinkulu zasolwandle, zangempela, njengamamitha ayi-12 squid architeutis nemikhomo emikhulu yesidoda, noma "izinyoka zasolwandle" ezingokomfanekiso, zazihlale zijabulisa umcabango womuntu. Kungani, ngendlela enkulu, giant? Nanku omunye umthetho wemvelo wokuqalisa - ukubusa kwe-deep-sea gigantism. Okwenza izidalwa eziningi zasolwandle ezihlala kwikholamu yamanzi ekujuleni okukhulu kube kukhulu kakhulu azikakaqondakali ngokuphelele. Yini edlala indima enkulu lapha: ukunyuka kwengcindezi, izinsiza zokudla ezilinganiselwe (lapho kunokudla okuncane, into ephilayo ikhula isikhathi eside futhi ingaba nkulu) noma i-thermoregulation? Ngempela, ekujuleni kolwandle, amanzi ahlala ebanda kunaphezu kobuso, futhi olwandle olunamakhaza kukhona imidondoshiya eminingi. Lapho kukhulu isisindo somzimba, kungaphansi kobuso bayo futhi, ngakho-ke, ukushisa okuncane kokushisa. Futhi lokhu akusebenzi ezintweni eziphilayo zasemanzini kuphela: ngokwesibonelo, ibhele elinamakhaza likhulu kakhulu kunabalingani balo abansundu, abahlala eningizimu.
Umlingiswa olwandle, owesabisayo abantu, iyi-squid enkulu okuthiwa ikwazi ukudonsa wonke umkhumbi ngaphansi kwamanzi. Izinganekwane ngalokhu zazikhona kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, futhi esikhathini sethu, uPeter Benchley, umbhali wenoveli "The Beast" nombhalo wefilimu engaziwa, wazama ukwenza i-squid, njengasesimweni sikashaka omkhulu omhlophe. U-Aristotle wabhala nangezilwane zasolwandle ezinkulu ezihlotshiswe ngamatende amaningi anezinkomishi zokuwadonsa. Abantu ababehlala enyakatho yeYurophu babenenganekwane ngezilo ezinkulu zasolwandle - ezaziyizikhulu ezihlasela imikhumbi. Cishe ukubhekisisa okokuqala kwalezi zilwane zasenganekwaneni kwenzeka ngo-1555. Ngo-1582, uMbhishobhi waseBergen, u-Eric Ludwigsen Pontoppidan, wanyathelisa i-Natural History yaseNorway. Ngokwencazelo yakhe, i-kraken yisilo: "esikhulu, isicaba futhi sinezingalo noma amagatsha amaningi." Ukubuyela emuva kwalesi sidalwa "... embuthanweni kwakungamamayela angamaNgisi nesiqingatha esisodwa futhi ekuqaleni bekubukeka njengeziqhingi eziningana ezihlukene, futhi amatende awo afinyelela osayizi bezilinganiso zobukhulu besikejana." Isilo lesi kuthiwa kungenzeka ukuthi sicwile imikhumbi emikhulu. Ngokusobala, kwakuyimibono engafani ncamashi nabadali befilimu ethi "Pirates of the Caribbean" ababequkethe impilo ebonakalayo.
Ngo-1861, kwaqalwa izinganekwane: i-corvette "Alekton" yaseFrance yashayisana neqhwa elikhulu, elalifakwe amatende alo. Iqembu lonke labamba iqhaza empini. Lesi silwane sidutshulwe, kwaxoshwa izifebe, kwazanywa ukusikhipha emanzini ngezigwegwe. Umbiko kaCaptain Corvette ngalesi sigameko ufundwe emhlanganweni wesikhungo saseFrance Academy of Science kanye nokuhlekwa kwabafundi. Kuma-70s kuphela. XIX century izingcezu zomzimba wale cephalopod enkulu zawela ezandleni zososayensi, futhi kwachazwa: igama lesayensi iyi-squid enkulu, noma i-architeuthis (Architeuthis). Imvamisa izidumbu zama-squid amakhulu nezingxenye zemizimba yazo zitholakala zigezwa ogwini, kanye nasezibilinini zemikhomo yesidoda esidla zona. Lokhu okuthiwa "ngofakazi bokuzibonela" kwahlaba umxhwele kakhulu "izimpi" zemikhomo yesidoda ezinama-cephalopods amakhulu, kodwa eqinisweni isisindo namandla abo akuqhathaniswa, lokhu kuyafana nokubhala ngempi yekati negundane. Isibalo esikhulu kunazo zonke esitholakele sasingamamitha ayi-18 ubude, kodwa iningi laso (amamitha ayi-12) lawela phezu kwamatende. Ukucatshangelwa ukuthi ama-architeutise angafinyelela kubude obuyi-30 m kusekelwe ekulinganiseni amamaki amakhulu asezingeni ukusuka ezinkomeni zokufakelwa esikhunjeni semikhangu enamachaphaza, kodwa-ke kulula ukucabanga ukuthi lezi zibazi zishiywe ngabesifazane abancane abavamile emizimbeni yama-cetaceans amancane, akhula kamuva, futhi alandeka kusuka izinkomishi zokuncipha zelulwe kanye nesikhumba. I-Architeutises ihlala ezindaweni eziphansi ezishubisa umnkantsha futhi ifike kumakhilomitha amaningi futhi kuyaqabukela izithola isendaweni, imvamisa lezi yizilwane ezigulayo noma ezifayo. Ngokokuqala ngqa, izithombe ze-squid enkulu ephilayo endaweni yayo yemvelo yenzeka kuphela ekhulwini lethu - lokhu kwenziwa ososayensi baseJapan.
Ingabe ama-squid amakhulu ayingozi ngempela emikhunjini? Mhlawumbe, kodwa kwabancane kakhulu. Ngaphesheya kogu lweNewfoundland ngonyaka we-1873, isikwati esikhulu safaka isikebhe sokudoba ngamatende sasesidonsa sangena ekujuleni, abadobi baswelahlekile, kepha umfana oneminyaka engu-12 ovele esikebheni wasindisa lesi simo: wabamba ummese futhi wasika itabernakele lesilo, wabe esekhipha masinyane isikebhe wangena ngaphansi kolwandle. . Eminyakeni yama-30s. ngeledlule, ithangi laseNorway iBrunswick elalibaleke ngamathani ayi-15,000 lahlaselwa kathathu yi-squid enkulu. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, leli squid lalifika ngasohlangothini lwethangi, lijike kungazelelwe, lishayisane nesikebhe futhi lizame ukuzungeza isikebhe salo ngezinsimbi zetende. Yini abeyidinga? Wathatha lo mkhumbi ngomkhomo wesidoda? Ngezikhathi ezithile, amacala afanayo ayenzeka, kodwa ngaphandle kwemiphumela yemikhumbi nabantu. Ezinye zezehlakalo zakamuva zenzeke ngoJanuwari 2003 ngesikhathi sokuhamba ngomkhumbi ngomkhumbi. Isidlakudla esikhulu esimalunga namamitha ayi-8 sahlasela umzingeli waseFrance u-Olivier de Curzon esikebeleni seMadeira Island. Wazungeza isikebhe sesikebhe ngamatende, futhi amatende amabili avimba isondo lokuqondisa. "Ngibone isende ngepholeji, lalinkudlwana ngomlenze wami, kanti lesi silo esikhulu sizamile ukudonsa i-yacht yami," kusho umakhi wezinqola. Isikebhe saphulukana nenkambo yaso, kwathi lapho ime, squid yavula izingalo zayo yangena ekujuleni kolwandle.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba kwenzeka, ama-squid amakhulu awawona amakhulu kakhulu kuma-cephalopods. Ngo-2004, le ndawo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-colossal squid Mesonychoteuthis hamiltoni yaqala ukubanjwa iphila emanzini ase-Antarctic, umxhwele kakhulu owaziwa kakhulu nge-cephalopods, ifinyelela okungenani kumamitha ayi-14 ubude futhi "yondlekile kahle" kakhulu, ngokungafani ne-"architeutis" emincanyana, engasasebenzi ingahle ibhekwe njengomphathi werekhodi. I-squid enkulu, ngaphandle kwalokho - i-squar enkulu ye-Antarctic noma i-Antarctic deep-sea squid, ibisaziwa kusukela ngo-1925, kepha akuvamile ukuthi iwele ezandleni zabantu - eqinisweni, kwakungeyona squid uqobo, kodwa izingcezu zayo. Ngo-2007, oLwandle iRoss, abadobi baseNew Zealand abanobunzima obukhulu bakhipha amanzi futhi bathumela ezweni lakubo ukuyofundisisa yonke inhlobo enkulu ye-squid eke yawa ezandleni zomuntu enesisindo esingu-450 kg.
Kwesinye isikhathi i-squid enkulu ibizwa nge- Humboldt squid, okungelona iqiniso. Ama-squid ama-Humboldt ahluke ngempela ngosayizi obonakalayo - aze afike ku-1,9 m ubude eduze kwengubo futhi enesisindo esingama-50 kg (kwesinye isikhathi ngaphezulu). Bahlala kulo lonke elaseHumboldt ogwini lwePacific lwaseMelika. Lokhu kuyizinhlobo zezentengiso. Ngokuphindaphindiwe bekunemibiko yokuhlaselwa kwalawa ma-squid kubadobi nakwabahlukahlukene, kepha konke lokhu kuhlaselwa kucasulwe abantu. I-squid kaHumboldt empeleni iyakwazi ukudonsela umuntu ekujuleni, kepha la ma-cephalopod abonakala ebusweni ebumnyameni kuphela. Ngokuqondene nama-octopus, amakhulu kunawo wonke - i-octopus kaDoflein, noma omkhulu - akamkhulu kangako, imvamisa ayinasisindo esingaphezu kwe-10 kg. Abantu abakhulu kunabo bonke abanesisindo esingama-30 kg anesisindo esingu-1.5 m, kodwa kwesinye isikhathi kutholakala nezinhlobo ezinkulu. Bahlala engxenyeni esenyakatho yoLwandlekazi iPacific ngasogwini lwase-Asia naseMelika kanye naseziqhingini zaseKuril naseCommander Islands. I-octopus yeDoflein kakhulu engenza ukuzama ukuthatha ikhamera isuse ku-diver.
Kodwa-ke, ulwandle luzifihla ngokwalo izindaba ezingethusi nje kuphela, kodwa futhi nezilwane eziningi ezingaziwa isayensi - mhlawumbe ezingafani kangako, kepha nokho ziphawuleka kakhulu. Isibonelo, ngonyaka we-2006, izazi zezinto zasolwandle zathola izinhlobo ezingama-80 zezinto eziphilayo ezazingaziwa ngaphambili, kufaka ne-lobster enkulu enesisindo esingama-4 kg kanye ne-shrimp, engashintshile kangako kusukela esikhathini seJurassic.
Incwadi ethi "Abantu nezilwane. Izinganekwane namaqiniso ”u-Olga Arnold.
UJohnson's Melanocetus Habitat
Ama-melanocyte kaJohnson ahlala kuzo zonke izilwandle ezindaweni ezishisayo nezinesithokomele.
Izibungu nabantu abadala bahlala engxenyeni ephezulu yamamitha ayikhulu.
Ukujula lapho abameli balolu hlobo kungatholakala khona kusuka kumamitha ayikhulu kuya kumakhilomitha amane. Ngakho-ke, ama-melanocyte kaJohnson aqaphela ukwanda okukhulu kwamanzi olwandle nawolwandle.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi izibungu ze-pelagic zithanda ukuhlala engxenyeni ephezulu yamamitha ayikhulu, lapho zikhulela khona esimweni somuntu omdala.
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