Izimpisi zesicabucabu zithole igama lazo ngemikhuba efana nokuziphatha kwezimpisi zangempela. Abamele lo mndeni wama-arthropods amakhulu bahola indlela yokuphila yobusuku futhi bazingele ngaphandle kosizo lwewebhu, beshayela isisulu. Umndeni unezinhlobo ezibalelwa ezi-2,5. La ma-arthropod akahlali eqhweni kuphela. Abanaye umuntu ongabamba lapho. Ngisho naseGreenland, kukhona izicabucabu ezivela emndenini waseLycosidae, kodwa kuphela ogwini olufudumele, lapho ungathola khona inhlabathi nezinambuzane.
Ihlala kuphi?
Lolu hlobo lwama-arachnids luvame kuwo wonke amazwekazi, lungabali izindawo lapho kuneqhwa njalo. Futhi lapho izwe lifudumeza kakhulu, maningi amathuba okuba uhlangane nalesi sinambuzane. Enye into enhle ngokuxazululwa kwezicabucabu ngumswakama. Ngakho-ke, bakhetha ukudlela ematsheni eduze namachibi noma kumashidi amanzi. Kepha futhi bahlangane ezindaweni ezilandelayo:
- Izihlahla.
- Imibhede yezimbali.
- Sheds.
- Amawashi.
- Blockages zamatshe.
- Amathanga otshani.
- Umhlanga.
- Imigodi emincane nokucindezela.
Ubukhulu bomzimba nokwakheka kwawo
Isinambuzane siyisazi sokumaka, futhi asibonakali emithanjeni eminyene. Benza imisele futhi bazingele kuphela uma kungekho zidli eziyingozi eduze.
Ukwakheka komzimba akuhlukile kwezinye izicabucabu - ku-cephalothorax ngamehlo, ipheshana lokuphefumula nomlomo onemihlathi. Esiswini kukhona izitho zangaphakathi. Amaphayi amade futhi acacisiwe. Umbala - onsundu-grey, efana nesicabucabu se-hermit. Kepha kunomehluko munye - umeluki unebala emhlane wakhe obukeka njenge-violin, impisi engenayo.
Umzimba umbozwe izinwele ezimnyama, ezifana nezinwele. Isibalo wamehlo ayisishiyagalombili. Ababili babo bakhulu. Impisi inamehlo abukhali, angcono kunezinye izinambuzane. Lokhu kusiza ekubambeni inyamazane, impisi ayifaki i-cobwebs. Ugijimisa inyamazane ayibambe. Ekuzingeleni, usizwa yizicucu ezisezandleni zezidladla (iziponji ezi-3 ngakunye). Ngenxa yalokhu, isicabucabu sihamba ngokushesha. Abesilisa bancipha kane kunabesifazane.
Amasayizi wabantu abakhulu kunabo bonke afinyelela ku-10 cm. Kepha esikhathini esiningi kukhona abantu abancane (amasentimitha amathathu ubude).
Esithombeni esingenhla, isicabucabu sempisi, kuhambisana ngokuphelele nencazelo.
Ukusatshalaliswa kanye nendawo yokuhlala
Sisatshalaliswa yonke indawo, ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Kaningi zitholakala emazweni anesimo sezulu esifudumele.
Zihlala emihlangeni enotshani, ezihlahleni, phakathi kwamaqabunga awile nangaphansi kwamatshe, futhi izindawo ezithandwa kakhulu yizindawo ezinomswakama ophakeme - lawa amahlathi atholakala eduze kwemithombo yamanzi. Ezinye izinhlobo, ngokwesibonelo, abamele uhlobo Piratauhlale eduze kwemizimba yamanzi futhi uyazi nokuthi ungangena kanjani emanzini. Ngokugxilisa okukhulu kakhulu, angatholakala kumdaka womhlaba naphakathi kwamaqabunga awile.
Incazelo
Njengezinye izicabucabu, izicabucabu zezimpisi zinesakhiwo somzimba sakudala: i-cephalothorax isetshenziselwa umbono, ukudla, ukuphefumula futhi nokwenza umsebenzi we-locomotor (motor), kanti isisu sesibeletho sithwala zonke izitho zangaphakathi zesicabucabu. Lapho isicabucabu sikhula, kuye kwenzeka.
Isikhathi sokuphila sezicabucabu zezimpisi ziyahlukahluka kuye ngosayizi wezinhlobo. Izinhlobo ezincane ziphila izinyanga eziyisithupha, lezo ezinkudlwana - kusuka eminyakeni emi-2 nengaphezulu. Izicucu zezinsikazi noma izicabucabu ezincane.
Lapho zivikelwe kwizilwane ezidla ezinye, izicabucabu zezimpisi zixhomeke kwimfihlakalo yazo. Cishe zonke izinhlobo ziyahlangana nendawo yazo yokuhlala.
Izicabucabu ze-Wolf zingukuzinza kwemvelo kwenani lezinambuzane, futhi ngenxa yalokho zibaluleke kakhulu ohlelweni lwendalo.
Umbala uvame ukuba mnyama: nsundu, mpunga noma umnyama, kepha kwesinye isikhathi izicabucabu ezikhanyayo nazo ziyatholakala. Umuntu angahlukanisa owesilisa nowesifazane ngalezi zici ezilandelayo: okokuqala, abesilisa bancipha kunabesifazane, okwesibili, kumnyama, okwesithathu, izandulelo zabesilisa zithuthukiswa ngokwengeziwe. Amaphethelo asetshenziswa abesilisa hhayi ngokuzalela, kepha futhi ukuheha ukunakwa kwabesifazane.
Umbono
Ngokuyisisekelo, amalungu omndeni anamehlo ayisishiyagalombili, ahlelwe ngemigqa emithathu: umugqa wokuqala (ongezansi) unamehlo amane amancane, owesibili (ophakathi) uqukethe amehlo amakhulu amabili, kanti umugqa wesithathu (ophezulu) uqukethe amehlo amabili akhiwe ezinhlangothini futhi ephakeme kancane kunamehlo avareji.
Umbono walezi zicabucabu udlala indima ebalulekile. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ngosizo lwezicabucabu zakhe kuphela, bayabona inyamazane, yize iphunga lalesigcawu libuye lithuthukiswe kahle. Kukholakala ukuthi izicabucabu zezimpisi zibona inyamazane yazo ibanga elingama-20 kuye kwangama-30 cm, kepha azihlukanisi phakathi kobume.
Isimilo
Njengoba kubonakala esithombeni, isicabucabu sempisi sinesakhiwo sokuqala somzimba - ihlukaniswe i-cephalothorax nesisu. Imigqa, njengomthetho, imnyama futhi ipendwe ngombala omnyama, onsundu noma ompunga omnyama. Abantu abakhanyayo bayivelakancane. Ngenxa yombala wazo, izicabucabu zezimpisi zingazifihla ngokuphelele - zicishe zihlangane ngokuphelele nemvelo.
Abamele lo mndeni bane-dimorphism yezocansi: izinsikazi zikhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa, kuyilapho ezokugcina zinezinombolo ezimnyama, kanti i-forelimbs yathuthukiswa kangcono kakhulu. Imilenze yangaphambili isetshenziswa abesilisa ukuheha ukunakwa kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuza kwabo.
Ngokuqondene nombono, izicabucabu zezimpisi zilungile. Zinezimbila ezi-4 zamehlo ezihlelwe emigqeni emi-3: emgqeni ongezansi kukhona ngamabili amabili wamehlo amancane, phakathi kukhona i-pair enkulu kunayo yonke, ngenhla kukhona amehlo amabili aseceleni angaphezulu kwebhangqa eliphakathi.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ngenxa yombono omuhle kanye nomuzwa owenziwe kahle wephunga, izicabucabu zezimpisi ziyakwazi ukubona isisulu esingahle sisebangeni elihlaba umxhwele - cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30. Kepha kukholelwa ukuthi lezi zidalwa azikwazi ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwezimo!
Ubudlelwano obuphakathi kwezitho zomzimba wesicabucabu buhlinzeka nge-hemolymph esobala, edlala indima yegazi. Inesici esisodwa - uma nje kuphela isicabucabu siphuma singena emoyeni ovulekile, i-hemolymph iphenduka iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Umndeni wezicabucabu ezinkulu impela - ubandakanya izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili, ezihlanganiswe ngohlobo lwe-116 genera. Ngasikhathi sinye, abamele inhlobo ngayinye bazingela ngendlela yabo. Abanye bangase basebenze phakathi nosuku, bafuna isisulu esingaba khona amahora amaningi. Abanye bakhetha ukuthola ukudla kusihlwa. Kukhona nezinye izicabucabu ezilandelanayo ezilindele ngokuthula indlela yesisulu zisemgodini wazo.
Izinhlobo ezidumile kunazo zonke zezicabucabu zifaka:
- Ama-tarantulas e-Apulian angama-arthropods amakhulu, osayizi bawo womzimba angaba amasentimitha ayi-7. Abamele lolu hlobo bathanda ukuhlala emithambekeni yezintaba, lapho bemba khona izimbobo zabo bese bebeka indlela yokungena kubo nge-roller yamahlamvu awile. Isikhathi eside babebhekwa njengabanobuthi obuningi, futhi ukuze basindise impilo yabo ngemuva kokuluma kwakudingeka ukuqala umdanso osheshayo.
Okubhaliwe! Le yindlela umdanso wase-Italiya umdanso - owazalwa ngayo!
Indlela yokuphila
Izicabucabu ze-Wolf zithanda indlela yokuphila eyedwa futhi zixhumana ngaso sonke isikhathi sokuzala. Bazimbela izimbobo futhi bagobe izindonga zabo ngama-cobwebs abo. Futhi ekuzingeleni, awadingi inethi yokudoba - abamba inyamazane yawo ngokuziphonsa noma ngokumane abambe.
Ukudla kwalaba abamele umbuso wesicabucabu kufaka phakathi:
- izimpukane
- amabhungane
- izicabucabu ezincane
- izinzipho
- izibungu zezinambuzane.
Ukuzala kabusha nentuthuko
Izicabucabu ze-Wolf ezihlala ezindaweni ezifudumele zishada ehlobo, futhi lezo zezinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo unyaka wonke. Owesilisa, lapho eseqaphele insikazi, uqala ukunikeza izimpawu zokuyenga - uphakamisa imilenze yakhe yangemuva, anikine ijwabu lakhe, asondele kuye kancane. Uma lo “mfanyana” ethandwa ngowesifazane, uphendukisa isisu sakhe kuye bese egoqa imilenze yangaphambili, lapho owesilisa egibela khona emhlane wakhe.
Ngemuva kokuzalela, isicabucabu sowesifazane esisuselwa endaweni ethule lapho siqala khona ukufaka ukhukhunathi wesilika wenzalo esizayo. Ubeka amaqanda kuyo, ngaphezulu abeke ezinye izingqimba zama-cobwebs, kuthi ngemuva kokuba ikhekhamba libambe ukwakheka kwayo, kuyibambe emaphethelweni esiswini sayo. Owesifazane uzithwalisa ngokwakhe amasonto amathathu.
Ngemuva kwesikhathi esibekiwe, izicabucabu ezincane ziyaqala ukuphuma emaqanda. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi enomzimba wayo wephula ukhukhunathi, isiza inzalo ukuba iphume. Izingane zigibela kunina, futhi uzithwala emzimbeni kuze kube yilapho zifunda ukuzimela ngokwazo ukudla.
Owesifazane nenzalo: amaqiniso wokuzijabulisa
- Izinsikazi zezinhlobo ezithile zingathwala inani elikhulu lesicabucabu, kwesinye isikhathi zimboza umzimba wonke, amehlo kuphela ahlala ekhululekile.
- Ukuze ukukhula kweqanda kuqhume ngokushesha, kudingeka ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, insikazi izama ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphansi kwelanga. Ngenxa yalokhu, umzimba wakhe ulahlekelwa ngumswakama omkhulu, okuvame ukuholela ekulahlekelweni kwesisindo esingu-30%.
- Uma insikazi ilahlekelwa nge-cocoon ngokungazelele ngamaqanda, izothola ukucindezelwa okukhulu kakhulu. Angazulazula amahora amaningi efuna inzalo elahlekile. Kwakunezimo lapho izinsikazi, esikhundleni sekhokhonathi elahlekile, zinamathisela ucezu olujwayelekile loboya bekotini esiswini sazo. Kepha icala elihle kakhulu kwenzeka ngohlobo lwesicabucabu iPardosa riparia - lapho ilahlekelwe yikhonteyina, yabopha ikhukhunathi yezinhlobo ezinkulu zesicabucabu. Kwavela ukuthi ukhukhunathi ongaziwa wawumkhulu ngokuphindwe kane kunaye.
Ingabe izicabucabu ziyingozi?
Izicabucabu ze-Wolf zingama-arachnid anobuthi futhi azinalo ulaka ngasikhathi sinye. Bahlasela kuphela lapho bezizwa besongelwe. Ukuluma kwabo kungahle kuhambisane nezimpawu ezifana:
Kubalulekile! Kepha imiphumela ingaba mibi kakhulu futhi ivele ngemuva kokulunywa yizinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo. Izimpawu zizoba kanjena: isikhathi eside kubuhlungu obukhulu, ukuvuvukala endaweni ethintekile, isicanucanu, isiyezi, ikhanda. Kulesi simo, ukuvakashela udokotela kuyadingeka!
Kodwa-ke, ezimweni lapho isicabucabu sobuhlakani sihlangana khona nesitha esikhulu, sincamela ukungasihlaseli, kodwa senze sengathi sifile. Ngokushesha uthatha indawo yabahluliwe, eguqukela phansi kwesisu phezulu, futhi aqandeke. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kuma-arthropods lesi sikhundla somzimba sisekude kakhulu kunesidingo, isicabucabu sempisi sihlala kuso isikhathi esithile. Futhi lapho nje usongo seluphelile, ngokushesha "uyaphila", uphendukele ngokushesha emathangeni akhe futhi ngokushesha ushiya indawo eyingozi.
Ukwakheka komzimba
Zonke izinhlobo zomndeni zingabazingeli basebusuku. Ngenxa yalokhu, "izimpisi" zinombono owukhule kahle. Iso lesicabucabu ku-cephalothorax livame ukubhangiswa okungu-4, okutholakala emigqeni emi-3:
- phansi - amehlo amancanyana ama-4,
- maphakathi - amehlo amakhulu kakhulu,
- phezulu - 2 amehlo osayizi abaphakathi.
Amehlo amakhulu ahambisana nezimo zokuzingela ebusuku. Izinwele ezibucayi ezitholakala emilenzeni nasemzimbeni zinomthwalo wokuthinta “izimpisi”.
Amehlo akhanya ebusuku ekukhanyeni okwenziwe okungezona kanti isilwane sitholwa kusetshenziswa ithoshi.
Ama-paws abamele abomndeni anobude obuphakathi, kepha aminyene futhi anamandla, inani lemilenze, njengezinye izinhlobo zesicabucabu. Nikeza izilwane hhayi kuphela amandla okugijima, kodwa futhi nokugxuma. Izicabucabu zezimpisi azigxili kude kangako futhi ziphakeme njengezicabucabu zamahhashi. "Izimpisi" zidinga nje ukwazi ukubamba inyamazane.
Izinduna zesicabucabu zisebenzisa wonke la ma-arthropods ukuluma izindonga zomuthi wazo. Iwebhu yabo ayisetshenziswa njengamanethiwekhi wokudoba. Izinsikazi zigoqa amaqanda ku-cocoon web spider. Baphatha ukhukhunathi nabo. Ukuvimbela ikhukhunathi ukuthi idonsele phansi, isicabucabu sigcina isisu saso siphakanyisiwe.
Owesifazane onesicoci esibunjiweyo uyakwazi ukuzingela yedwa.
Umndeni waseLycosidae awunazo izindlela zokuzivikela ezitheni, ngaphandle kombala ovikelayo. Esithombeni sezicabucabu zezimpisi, kubonakala ngokusobala ukuthi umbala wazo oyinhloko ungwevu. Izinhlobo zinsundu noma zimnyama. Abantu abanombala okhanyayo bangaqhamuka. Kepha lokhu kungaba yisicabucabu esisha ngemuva kokuncibilika, noma uhlobo lomhume, lapho umbala ungasho lutho.
Isicabucabu se-Kaya emhumeni asigcini nje ngokuba nombala okhanyayo, kepha futhi silahlekelwe ngokuphelele ngamehlo.
Umehluko phakathi kowesilisa nowesifazane
Kwizicabucabu zezimpisi, i-dimorphism yezocansi iyakhiwa, kepha "ngakolunye uhlangothi." Ezilwaneni, abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu futhi babe namandla kunezinsikazi. Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezilwane lapho isilinganiso esiphambeneyo. Izicabucabu ziyizimpisi kulokhu. Iduna lincane, linombala omnyama, kepha izithuthukisi ezakheke kahle. Ukuthuthuka okungcono kakhulu kwe-pedipalps emadodeni kungenxa yokuthi kuzicabucabu zesilisa, izitho zokuzala zitholakala kulezi zitho.
Inqubo yokuzala
Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo unyaka wonke. Izakhamizi zezindawo ezifudumele ziqala inqubo yokuzala kabusha ehlobo. Owesilisa uthatha isinyathelo kuqala. Ukuthola insikazi, iphakamisa imilenze yesithathu bese, ibashukumisa, isondele kwisicabucabu. Uma lowo ofaka isicelo anelisekile, ugoqa imilenze yakhe alale phansi, avumele owesilisa ukuthi akhuphukele emhlane wakhe. Ukwenza kube lula ukuthi owesilisa akwazi ukushada, isicabucabu siphakamisa isisu.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, isicabucabu sithola indawo yokukhosela bese sigqoka ukhukhu amaqanda. Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, insikazi ibophela i-cocoon ngezingqimba eziningana zezagobhu bese isinamathisela ezithweni zokuphotha.
Njengesilwane ezincelisayo "ngamagama", izicabucabu zezimpisi zinakekela inzalo yazo. Emavikini ambalwa emva kokukhanda, kuzalwa izingane ezincane. Isicabucabu sigedla ikhukhunathi futhi sisize amathole ukuba angene endle. Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, izinsikazi zesicabucabu zihudonsela zona ngokwazo. Kumuntu oyedwa, kungaba khona izingane ezingama-40-100. Inani lincike ohlotsheni lwesicabucabu nosayizi baso.
Inani eliphezulu lezicabucabu lithwalwa ngabesifazane bohlobo lwe-tarantula genus.
Habitat
Esiqwini esomile kuhlala omunye wohlobo olukhulu lomndeni - ama-tarantulas. Izicabucabu eziningi zempisi zithanda izindawo ezimanzi. Izindawo ezinjengamahlathi eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Ungabona izicabucabu zezimpisi:
- ngaphansi kwamatshe
- ezihlahleni,
- emasimini
- kumahlamvu awile.
Ukuze uthole indawo yokukhosela, ama-arthropods alo mndeni ancamela amaqabunga awileyo nodoti wehlathi, ohlale uhlala eduze kwamanzi.
Indlela yokuphila, isithombe kanye nencazelo yezicabucabu zezimpisi zicishe zifane nalezo zomunye umndeni - izicabucabu ezinobuthi be-hermit.
Ngenxa yalokhu, "izimpisi" zivame ukubulawa, kepha kubantu azinangozi futhi zenza ngokwemvelo imisebenzi yokuqinisa inani lama-invertebrates.
Izinhlobo ze-Wolf Spider
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili zemindeni enobuthi yezicabucabu zesicabucabu. Ihlukaniswe yaba yiminyaka yokuzalwa eyi-116. Izinhlobo zingaba nokuhlukahluka ngokuya ngokuzingela - ukusebenzisa noma ukusoka, umsebenzi wobusuku noma wosuku. Ngokwezinga elikhulu, zonke izinhlobo zihlala endaweni eshisayo yesimo sezulu. Kepha endaweni yaseRussia kukhona abamele abengeziwe bale nhlobo.
Umsoco
Emndenini kunezinhlobo ezihlala phansi ezihlala emiseleni, kanye nasezinhlotsheni eziphilayo. Kepha bonke bazingela ngentshiseko amabhungane, izibungu zabo nezinye izinambuzane ezingenazindiza. Ngeke enqabe ukudla impukane uma ekwazi ukulubamba. Izinhlobo ze-Burrowing azikwazi ukuzingela ebusuku kuphela, kepha futhi naphakathi nosuku. Kepha ntambama, babamba inyamazane kuphela, yona uqobo idlula lapho kudumbana khona.
Abamele lo mndeni babamba inyamazane ngokugxuma. Ngaphambi kokugxuma, i-arthropod inamathela kuwebhu endaweni lapho izogxuma khona. Ngakho-ke, lesi silwane sizivikela ekuweni kwegatsha noma kwenye indawo.
Ingozi ebantwini
Izicabucabu zangempela zonke zinoshevu, ngaphandle kwalokho bebengeke zikwazi ukuthola ukudla. Kepha bambalwa kubo abayingozi ebantwini. Abamele umndeni wakwaLycosidae babangela ukwesaba ngosayizi nokubukeka kwabo, ngakho-ke abadalwanga ngaphandle kwesizathu kukalwa kwezicabucabu ezesabeka kakhulu. Kodwa ukuthi izicabucabu zezimpisi zinobuthi yini noma cha kungumbuzo ohlobene. Phakathi kwazo kunezinhlobo zama-degrees anobuthi ahlukahlukene. Kuyisiko ukwesaba ama-tarantulas, ngenxa yawo ngisho nomdanso we-tarantella, ngokusho kwenganekwane.
Eqinisweni, ubuthi balo mndeni we-arthropod obuhlala esimweni sezulu esifudumele bukhishwa ngokweqile. Ukuluma kubangela ukucasuka kwendawo, kubonakaliswa yizinhlungu ezimfishane, ukulunywa kanye nokubomvu.
Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo ziyingozi kakhulu.Ukuluma kwabo kubangela:
- edema,
- Ubuhlungu obuhlala isikhathi eside
- isiyezi,
- isicanucanu
- ishayela ngokushesha.
Ukulunywa nakho akubulalanga, kepha ukunciphisa imiphumela, kufanele uthintane nodokotela.
Phambilini, ukulunywa okuthile okubulalayo kuthiwa yizinhlobo zaseNingizimu Melika. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe luveze ukuthi izisulu zokufa zazingezokuzalwa kweminye imindeni.
Ukuziphatha kwezilwane zasendle
Impisi ayifaki amakhandlela okuzingela, kepha isebenzisa inethi ukuvala umgodi wayo. Isicabucabu singenye yezinambuzane ezibaluleke kakhulu ku-ecosystem, ngoba yehlisa isibalo sezidalwa eziyingozi. Izimpisi zinikeza usizo olukhulu epulazini lapho zibamba futhi zibhubhise izindimbane zezinambuzane zezilimo zasensimini.
Propagate ngokuzala. Abesilisa bathumela amasiginali aheha izintokazi. Ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi iqala ukufaka ukhukhunathi, lapho ibeka khona amaqanda. Wenza lokhu ezingqekweni eziningana ukunikeza ukwakheka kwebhola. Ekuqaleni, insikazi iphatha ukhukhunathi, iyinamathisela ngokuqinile emzimbeni wesitho. Mating kwenzeka ehlobo, esimweni sezulu esipholile, futhi unyaka wonke ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, izicabucabu ziyadonsa. Intokazi uqobo iyayizwa futhi yephula ukhukhunathi ngamafang. Ngokwencazelo yangaphandle, umndeni wesicabucabu ubukeka ufana nowesifazane. Impisi yisicabucabu esithwala izingane emhlane waso kuze zona uqobo zithole ukudla kwazo. Umuntu onobukhulu obukhulu uyakwazi ukuthwala izingane ezingaphezu kuka-40. Zingaba ziningi kakhulu kuzo kangangokuba amehlo ahlala ukuphela kwendawo ekhululekile yabesifazane.
Uma uthola impisi engadini yakho noma ekhaya, kungcono ukungayibeki. Thola indlela ephephile yokushayela umuntu. Into ukuthi ziwusizo emvelweni. Izicabucabu zivikela izilimo ezinambuzaneni nasezinambuzaneni. Kepha uma izingane zihlala endlini, noma zivame ukuhamba enkundleni yokudlalela, kungakuhle ukuthi uziqede (ubuthi buyingozi kakhulu enganeni).
Ngabe kudlani?
Zonke izinhlobo zesicabucabu zinokugaya kwangaphandle. Zifaka amandla inyamazane, ingenise ujusi wokudla kuyo futhi imunce uketshezi ngaphakathi kwesinambuzane. Le nqubo ingathatha okungaphezu kosuku. Abantu abakhulu bayakwazi ukondla ezilwaneni zomgogodla, ngokwesibonelo, amagundane. Ezincane zithanda izinambuzane, izibungu namabhungane.
Izimpukane ziyindlela oyithandayo. Imvamisa iwela kuwebhu. Kepha izimpisi zibabambe nje, ngenxa yejubane labo. Izimpukane ngokwazo zivame ukuwela enetheni (okungafanele ukuthi izimpisi zizingele, kodwa ukuvikela isidleke).
Izicabucabu zibamba izimbungulu njalo. Isizathu ukuthi inyamazane ingaba negobolondo lokuvikela, futhi kunzima ukuluma. Kepha kubantu abanama-fangs amakhulu, njengempisi endala, lokhu akuyona inkinga. Amabhungane yisinqumo esihle njengokudla kwezicabucabu ezihlala ekhaya e-aquarium. Kepha kungcono ukubanikeza ngendlela eyomile.
Inani lezicabucabu zezimpisi zemvelo nomuntu
Izimpisi zesicabucabu zinobuthi obuncane, kepha ukulunywa kwabo, njengomthetho, akubeki ingozi kubantu. Ngenxa yobukhulu nombala onsundu ompunga, kwesinye isikhathi badideka ngezicabucabu ezinobuthi be-hermit, kepha ziyahlukahluka ngezindlela eziningi, ngokwesibonelo, emuva kwesicabucabu se-hermit kunendawo ebalulwayo ngendlela ye-violin, kanti izicabucabu ze-wolf azinayo indawo enjalo. Ziphinde zihlukaniswe ngenombolo yamehlo (izicabucabu zezimpisi zinamehlo ayisishiyagalombili, kanti izicabucabu ze-hermit zinezithupha) nesisu esinoboya.
Izicabucabu ze-Wolf zivame ukungabi nolaka futhi azihluphi abantu kuqala, kepha uma ziphazamiseka njalo, zingaluma nazo. Ukulunywa kwezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo kungadala ubuhlungu obuhlala isikhathi eside, isiyezi, nokucanuzelelwa kwenhliziyo. Isiza sokulunywa sesivuthiwe. Kulokhu, thintana nodokotela.
Ukulunywa kwezicabucabu zezimpisi ezihlala eRussia akuyona ingozi kubantu.
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukulunywa noma ukucasuka kungenzeka. Uma ulunywe yisicabucabu esiyimpisi, indawo okuluma kuyo kufanele ihlanzwe ngamanzi afudumele nensipho, bese ufaka i-compress epholile. Uma ukulunywa kuyibeka, ungazama ukuxuba i-baking soda ngamanzi bese ufaka ingxube endaweni yokuluma.
Lawa ma-arthropod adlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu esimisweni semvelo, njengoba ebhubhisa izinambuzane ezahlukahlukene eziyingozi. Uma izicabucabu zezimpisi zihlala engadini yakho noma engadini, musa ukujaha ukuzibhubhisa. Kuqabile ukuluma, ukuluma kwabo cishe akubeki ingozi, futhi kungaletha izinzuzo ezinkulu.
Ngosizo lokufuya izinyosi ze-osmium ngokufakelwa, ungheha isiza sakho inani elikhudlwana labasebenza kahle kakhulu bezitshalo. Ungazalanisa kanjani lezi zinyosi, funda i-athikili.
Ingabe kuyingozi kubantu?
Noma yisiphi isicabucabu esikhona sibhekwa njengobuthi. Omunye umbuzo ukuqoqwa nenani lobuthi, kanye namandla emaphanga. Impisi inama-fangs anamandla kakhulu, ingakuluma kalula ngesikhumba somuntu. Kepha isicabucabu esiyimpisi sinokuthula, futhi siyohlasela kuphela uma sesaba.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwesicabucabu, umuntu angaba nokusabela okuhlukile kubuthi. Ukungezwani komzimba kuvela ezimweni eziningi. Ukulunywa okuqinile nokuvuvukala kuyavela, kwesinye isikhathi indawo ethintekile iyaqina. Kepha uma lowo muntu emkhulu, kungavela izilonda ze-necrotic. Kuvela izicubu ezithambile ze-necrosis. Ezimweni zombili, udinga ukuya kudokotela ngokushesha. Ubuthi bempisi bugxile impela, futhi kukhona nengozi yokufa.
Izinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu isicabucabu saseBrazil. Uma eluma umuntu, kuzoba nobuhlungu obukhulu nomkhuhlane. Umphumela obulalayo kungenzeka (ubuthi bugxilwe kakhulu kangangokuba bungabulala indlovu endala). Kepha uma unikeza usizo ngesikhathi (thola i -ididote efanele), ungasindiswa kokulunywa yisiphi isigcawu. Indima ebalulekile idlalwa ukuthambekela komuntu kokuphendula komzimba.
Ngingakwazi ukuhlala ekhaya?
Yebo ungakwenza. I-aquarium yikhaya elihle lesicabucabu. Igcwele ngengxube yenhlabathi. Ukuvimbela umhlaba ukuthi wome, kufanele uniselwe kaningi, kepha amanzi akufanele angene esilwaneni. Ukwenza isilwane sakho siphile kakhudlwana, kufanele ubeke amaqabunga kanye namagatsha e-aquarium. Qiniseka ukuthi unamanzi amasha.
Isicabucabu sidinga ukondliwa njalo. Mnikeze ukudla okuphelele kwezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene (shintsha imenyu njalo). Kuyelulekwa ukuthumela ukudla okukhethiwe nokwomile. Kodwa uma ufuna ukujabulisa isilwane futhi ukhulise imvelo yaso, ungaphonsa inyamazane ebukhoma kwi-aquarium. Inketho enhle - amaqhude.
Kwesinye isikhathi isicabucabu siyenqaba ukudla. Izizathu 4:
- Akalambile.
- Cishe kuya ku-molt.
- Izimo zokuboshwa zephuliwe (umoya omusha awanele ungene e-aquarium).
- Unika isilwane sakho amanzi amancane noma ukudla okukhwalithi okungekuhle. Zama ukumnika inyamazane bukhoma.
Insikazi ilungele ukugcinwa ukwedlula owesilisa. Mkhulu ngosayizi. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukunakekela nokubuka ukuthi uzokuzingela kanjani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, insikazi ayimukeli kangako ezimweni zokuboshwa, futhi ibekezelela kalula izinguquko zokushisa (ingaphila ngisho nakwaqhwa oluncane). Futhi isikhathi sokuphila sowesifazane siphindwe kabili kunaleso sowesilisa (iminyaka emi-4, lapho owesilisa ene-2 kuphela).
Uma utshala owesilisa ngowesifazane, ungakhulisa inzalo ephelele yezingane. Kepha lapha kufanele uqaphele. Ezinkathini zokukhwelana, izicabucabu zinolaka olukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kukhulunywa ngokuthinta. Uma wenza iphutha, kunobungozi bokulunywa. Futhi khumbula, ukudala induduzo edingekayo yokuzala, kuyadingeka ukuthi isicabucabu sithanda ukuhlala ekhejini, futhi ukudla kuhlukahlukene (izimbungulu, izimpukane, izibungu).
I-Wolf Spider iyindawo ehlala kuyo iplanethi yethu. Kuyingozi kuphela uma kuphazamiseka. Futhi uma umuntu ezithanda izinambuzane ezinjalo, ungamthatha njengesilwane. Into esemqoka ukuthi kungukwephula imithetho yokuboshwa, khona-ke ngeke kube khona ubungozi bokulunywa.
Spider wolf
Spider wolf - Isipikili emhlabeni wama-arachnids. Akaluki i-cobwebs, esikhundleni salokho usukela futhi ahlasele inyamazane yakhe, njengempisi. Uma usibona lesi spider eduze kwekhaya lakho, kungenzeka ukuthi umhlangano wawungalibaleki. Abanye abantu babathola bebahle futhi behlukile, kanti abanye bayathuthumela ngokubabona kwabo.
Izicabucabu ze-Wolf zingaba nephutha kuma-tarantulas ngoba anomzimba obukhulu noboya. Yize zibukeka ziyanabisa, ziyizinto ezizuzisayo nezingenangozi. Ukudla kwabo kuqukethe izinambuzane eziningi ezingangena emakhaya abantu.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Izicabucabu ze-Wolf noma izicabucabu zomhlaba noma umzingeli wokuzingela zingamalungu omndeni waseLycosidae, igama livela kwigama lesiGrikhi lasendulo elithi "λύκος" elisho ukuthi "impisi". Leli yiqembu elikhulu futhi lidlangile.
Izimpisi zathola igama lazo ukuhlonipha umkhuba wempisi wokuhlasela inyamazane nawo wonke umhlambi. Kudala bekukholelwa ukuthi lezi zinambuzane ziyahlasela nangamaphakethe. Manje lo mbono ubhekwa njengonephutha.
Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili ezifakiwe ku-116 genera. Cishe ama-genera angaba ngu-125 atholakala eNyakatho Melika, cishe angama-50 eYurophu. Izinhlobo eziningi zitholakala ngisho nasenyakatho ye-Arctic Circle.
Ukuvela kwezicabucabu bekuqhubeka iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-380. Izicabucabu zokuqala zavela emadlozini akudala. Manje sekuchaze izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-45,000 ezikhona. Izinkomba zokuhlukahlukana kwezinsalela ze-fossil zibika ingxenye enkulu kunale kungalindelwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zamanje ze-arachnids okwamanje. Izigaba eziphambili zokuvela kwemvelo zifaka phakathi ukuthuthukiswa kokufa nokukhethwa kwama-cobwebs.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Spider Wolf Animal
Izicabucabu eziningi ze-wolf zincane kuya kosayizi abaphakathi. Umuntu omkhulu kunabo bonke ubude bawo bube yi-2,5 cm futhi imilenze icishe ubude. Zinamehlo ayisishiyagalombili ahlelwe ngemigqa emithathu. Umugqa ongezansi unamehlo amancanyana amane, ngokwesilinganiso unamehlo amabili amakhulu, kanti irowu ephezulu inamehlo amabili aphakathi nendawo. Ngokungafani namanye ama-arachnids, anombono omuhle kakhulu. Izinwele ezibuthakathaka emilenzeni nasemzimbeni zibanikeza umuzwa othintekayo wokuthinta.
Ukukhanya komshini wokukhanya oqonde endaweni yesicabucabu esiyimpisi kukhipha imisebe emangalisayo ebangelwa ukukhanya kokukhanya okuvela emehlweni okubuyela emthonjeni wawo, ngaleyo ndlela kudaleke ukukhanya.
Njengoba izicabucabu zixhomeke ekufihlakalweni kokuzivikela kwizilwane ezizingelayo, umbala wazo awunawo amathoni aqhakazile, njengezinye izinhlobo zesicabucabu. Imibala yangaphandle ihambelana nendawo yokuhlala oyintandokazi yohlobo oluthile. Izicabucabu eziningi zezimpisi zimnyama nsundu. Umzimba onoboya mude futhi ubanzi, unemilenze emide eqinile. Zidume ngesivinini sokuhamba kwazo. Kulula ukucacisa ngenombolo nangesimo wamehlo. Imihlathi iya phambili futhi iqinile.
Izicabucabu ze-Wolf zinesakhiwo sakudala:
- i-cephalothorax yenza umsebenzi wombono, ukumuncwa kokudla, ukuphefumula futhi ibhekele uhlelo lwezimoto,
- isisu sesisu sigcina izitho zangaphakathi.
Isikhathi sokuphila kuncike ngosayizi wezinhlobo. Izinhlobo ezincane ziphila izinyanga eziyisithupha, izinhlobo ezinkulu - iminyaka emi-2, kwesinye isikhathi ezinde. Izinsikazi ezithosiwe noma izicabucabu ezizelwe zisinda ebusika.
IHogna luhlobo lwesikhulu kunazo zonke zezicabucabu, ezinenani elingaphezu kwama-200 kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezitholakala kuwo wonke amazwekazi. Izinhlobo eziningi ezincane zezicabucabu zezimpisi zihlala emadlelweni nasensimini futhi zidla izinyamazane ezincane, zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekuphathweni kwemvelo kwesibalo sabantu, okugcina isibalo sezinambuzane zisondele kakhulu kwizicabucabu zezimpisi.
Sihlala kuphi isicabucabu sempisi?
Photo: Poison Wolf Spider
Izicabucabu ze-Wolf ziyakwazi ukuhlala noma kuphi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Ezinye izinhlobo zitholakala eziqongweni ezibandayo, ezinamadwala, kanti ezinye zihlala emhubheni wentaba-mlilo wentaba-mlilo. Zitholakala ogwadule, amahlathi emvula, amadlelo kanye notshani basemadolobheni. Olunye uhlobo lwatholakala ngisho ezitshalweni zikakolweni, lusuthisa izinambuzane ezinjengama-aphid.
Ezinye izinhlobo zezicabucabu zezimpisi zihlala emgodini ongaphansi komhlaba, kanti iningi lazo zitholakala endaweni yemvelo eluhlaza. Ngokuvamile zingatholakala zifihliwe kulezo zingxenye zegceke ezinikeza izicabucabu indawo yokukhosela nokuvikelwa, kufaka phakathi:
- emaqabungeni nasezitshalo ezizungeze noma ezihlahleni,
- otshanini obude noma obukhulu
- ngaphansi kwezinqwaba ezinde zamanga nezinqwaba zezinkuni.
Ngokungafani namagama abo anemilenze emine, izicabucabu zezimpisi azizingeli emaphaketheni. 'Bayizimpisi' zesizungu abangafuni ukuhlangana nabantu. Izicabucabu ze-genus Pirata zivame ukutholakala eduze namachibi noma imifudlana; zinophawu olungu-V oluyindilinga ngemuva. Phezu kwamanzi abushelelezi, agijima ngaphandle kokuntywila futhi azibambe ngezinambuzane eziphezu kwamanzi. Izicabucabu ze-Burrowing wolider (Geolycosa) zichitha iningi lempilo yazo emabeleni futhi zinezinduna ezisindayo, ezisetshenziselwa ukumba.
Uma omunye wabo ebengaphakathi endlini, kungenzeka ukuthi wayefika kuzogwema amazinga okushisa amakhulu emoyeni ovulekile noma ngoba exosha esinye isinambuzane ngaphakathi. Izicabucabu ze-Wolf zizama ukuhamba buthule bezungeza amakamelo endaweni ephansi. Lokhu bakwenza ngokukhasa ezindongeni noma ngaphansi kwefenisha.
Ukumatanisa
Ukuhlangana kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala esimweni sezulu esifudumele kwenzeka ehlobo, nasezinhlotsheni ezishisayo - unyaka wonke.
Ukuthandana kwezicabucabu zezimpisi kuqala ngokuthumela kwezimpawu ngowesilisa ukuheha ukunakwa kowesifazane. Owesilisa ubabaza umphambili wakhe asondele kuye athule umlingani wakhe. Uma owesilisa ethakazela insikazi, uphendukela kowesilisa, agoqe izimbobo zangaphambili, lapho owesilisa evuka khona ngemuva kwakhe, kuthi ngemuva kwalokho kwenzeke ukubhanqa. Owesilisa wethula isidoda esithweni sangasese sowesifazane besebenzisa isitho esikhutshelanayo, i-cymbium, esisekupheleni kwesiqu sangasese sowesilisa. Ukuze owesilisa ahlangane nowesifazane, uyamsiza ngokuguqula isisu sakhe kuye.
Ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi ifuna ekhoneni eliseceleni lapho ifaka khona ukhukhunathi lapho izofaka amaqanda khona. Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, insikazi isonga icoc coco kwezinye izingqimba ukuze inikeze ukubukeka okuyindilinga. Le tangle yowesifazane izogqoka emasontweni angama-2-3 alandelayo esiswini sesisu, lapho izonamathela ngokuqinile esithweni esigoqayo.
Ngabe sidlani isicabucabu?
Photo: Spider Wolf Male
Izicabucabu ze-Wolf aziluki i-cobwebs ukubamba izisulu zazo, zingabazingeli bangempela futhi zithola ukudla okungaba khona ngumbono noma ngokudlidliza ngezinwele zazo ezibucayi. Imvamisa bazibekela abaqamekele bese bephanga inyamazane yabo ngokunensa noma bahlele ukukusukela ngokweqiniso.
Imenyu yabo ingahluka phakathi kwezinambuzane njengoku:
Ezinye izicabucabu ezizingelayo zihlasela inyamazane lapho izithola noma zizijaha ngamabanga amafushane. Abanye balinda kuze kudlule inyamazane eduzane noma ihlale eduze komgodi. Lapho nje izicabucabu zezimpisi zibamba inyamazane yazo, ziyihlikihla ngebhola noma zifake ubuthi kuyo, ziguqule izitho zangaphakathi zabampofu zibe yi-smoothie. Zidla izisulu zazo, zizicindezele emhlabathini noma kwenye indawo ngezihlakala zazo. Isicabucabu singathambisa izisulu ezinkulu ngokujova into enobuthi.
Izimbambo zesicabucabu zinamadolo angama-48 amadolo, okungukuthi, iwashi ngalinye linamajoyinti ayi-6. Isicabucabu sezimpisi sizokwethula ubuthi uma sihlaselwa njalo. Izimpawu zokulunywa kwakhe zibandakanya ukuvuvukala, izinhlungu zobumnene, nokulunywa.
Esikhathini esedlule, ukulunywa yi-necrotic bekuvame ukuthi kuthathwe kwezinye izinhlobo zohlobo lwesicabucabu saseNingizimu Melika, kepha ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ukuthi izinkinga ezikhona zibangelwa ukulunywa okuvela kolunye uhlobo. Abameli base-Australia balezi zinhlobo babehlotshaniswa namanxeba ama-necrotic, noma kunjalo, ukufundisisa ngokucophelela ukulunywa nakho kubonise umphumela ongemuhle.
Ukunakekelwa Kwesithombo
Ngemuva kwamaviki ambalwa, izicabucabu ziqala ukuqandula. Ngokuzwa lokhu, insikazi iphonsa ibhola bese ilaphula nge-chelicera. Izicabucabu eziboshwe ngamakhophi amancane omama bazo. Ngemuva kokuqhanyelwa, insikazi ithatha lezi zilwane ezincane esiswini sayo bese izithwala ize ingasakwazi ukuzitholela ukudla. Owesifazane angathwala izicabucabu ezingamashumi amane esiswini sakhe, njengoba izinhlobo zohlobo lokwenza Pardosakuze kube ikhulu, njengohlobo I-Lycosa. Kungaba nezicabucabu eziningi kakhulu ezithuthwa ngowesifazane kangokuthi amehlo akhe kuphela azosala eyindawo ekhululekile.
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Photo: Spider Wolf Female
Izimpisi zezicabucabu zihlala zodwa. Izinhlobo eziningi zichitha isikhathi emhlabeni. Imibala emnyama, egxiliwe yemizimba yabo isiza ukuhlangana nezitshalo eziwohlokayo lapho zizingela noma zifihla izilwane ezidla ezinye.Kwesinye isikhathi bamba izimbobo noma benze izimbobo ngaphansi kwamatshe nezingodo ukuze baphile kuzo.
Abanye abamele iLycosidae, njengoH. Carolinensis, benza imisele ebanzi lapho bacasha khona isikhathi esiningi. Abanye, abanjengoH. Helluo, bafuna isiphephelo ngaphansi kwamatshe nezinye izindawo zokukhosela ezinikezwa yimvelo. Lapho bezulazula beya ezindaweni ngezindawo, bangagcina sebesemakhaya abantu lapho isimo sezulu sibanda. Abesilisa abacishe babe yiluphi uhlobo kwesinye isikhathi bangatholakala ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo lapho bezulazula beyofuna abesifazane ekwindla.
Esikhundleni segazi, izicabucabu zine-hemolymph equkethe yethusi. Lapho evulelekile, uthola ukugcwala. Imithambo + imithambo yemithambo ayikho ngokuphelele, ukuxhumana phakathi kwezitho kwenziwa nge-hemolymph.
Izinhlobo eziningi zakha izidleke zebhubhu emhlabathini ngamakhwela. Abanye bafihla umnyango ngodoti, abanye bakha isakhiwo esinjengombhoshongo ngaphezulu komnyango. Ebusuku bashiya indawo yabo yokuhlala eyimfihlo bahambe bayozingela. Isicabucabu sizama ukuthola indawo ekahle ukuze izinambuzane zidlule. Kude kude ngamasentimitha ambalwa, isicabucabu sempisi sigxuma siye phambili sibambe inyamazane.
Ubuthi
Izicabucabu ze-Wolf ziyizidleke ezolile, kepha uma ziphazamiseka njalo, zingaluma nazo. Ukulunywa yisicabucabu akuyona neze ingozi, kepha kwesinye isikhathi kungakubangela ukulunywa, ubomvu, noma izinhlungu zesikhashana. Kodwa-ke, ukulunywa kwezinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo zezicabucabu ezivame ukubanga izinhlungu isikhathi eside, ukuvuvukala, isiyezi, ukushaya ngamandla kanye nomcanuzelelwa. Kulokhu, kufanele uvakashele udokotela. Phambilini, ezinye ukulunywa bekubangelwa izinhlobo ezithile zaseNingizimu Melika, kepha ucwaningo olwengeziwe luveze ukuthi izinkinga ezenzeka empeleni yizo ezidala ukulunywa ngamalungu kweminye imindeni yesicabucabu. Amanxeba we-Necrotic nawo ahlotshaniswa nezicabucabu zezimpisi zase-Australia, kepha ucwaningo oluningilizayo luye lwabonisa nokuthi ukulunywa kwezicabucabu zezimpisi akuholeli kwimiphumela enjalo.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Lapho kufika isikhathi sokushada, abesilisa baheha izinsikazi ngokushintshana okunesigqi semilomo yazo emide (ezintendeni zezandla) noma ngokuzigwaza ngamaqabunga. Owesilisa usondela kowesifazana ngokuzalelanisa nemilenze ephambili ephakanyisiwe. Ukulungela kokuzalela kungenzeka kuboniswa ngephunga, elivele lizwakala kubude bemitha eyodwa.
Iziduna zezinhlobo ze-Allocosa brasiliensis zingadla insikazi enamakhono amancane okuzala noma insikazi endala engakwazi ukuzala. Leli qiniso lezinto eziphilayo laqoshwa okokuqala.
Ngemuva kwalokho owesilisa wenza imiyalo eyindilinga ngokuya ngephethini ehleliwe yamatende (i-pedipalp), lapho amaphakethe enzalo akhiwe. Owesifazane oganayo uphendula ngokushaya ngemilenze yakhe yangaphambili futhi uthatha izinyathelo eziningana kuya kowesilisa wesilisa, obuye aqale ukuthandana. Lokhu kuyaqhubeka baze bacishe bathinte. Ezinhlotsheni zobusuku, amasignali e-acoustic adlala indima enkulu, ezinhlotsheni zasemini - ezamehlo.
Iduna likhwela liye phambili kowesifazane bese lincika ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesisu ukungena kwi-palpus yokuqala. Owesifazane ukala isisu sakhe. Ngemuva kwalokho i-palpus yesibili yethulwa ivela kolunye uhlangothi. Izicabucabu ze-Wolf zihlukile ngoba zithwala amaqanda azo kukhukhu. Ngemuva kokuzalela, insikazi ifafaza isikhwanyana esiyindilinga sama-cobwebs namaqanda, isinamathisela emasipineleni ekugcineni kwesisu bese idonsa amawundlu angakazalwa nayo.
Lolu hlobo lwesicabucabu lunemvelo yomama enamandla kakhulu. Uma insikazi ngandlela-thile ilahlekelwe yi-cocoon yayo ngamathole, iba namandla kakhulu, iqale ukuzulazula ngokungenanjongo, izama ukumthola. Uma ehluleka ukuthola isikhwama, insikazi ibamba noma yini efana nayo. Kungaba izingcezu ezincane zoboya bekotini, imicu yekotoni, njll. Ngakho-ke, uzama ukudala ukukhohlisa kokuthwala izingane.
Isisu kufanele sibe sesimweni esiphakanyisiwe ukuze isikhwama singadonseli phansi. Kepha ngisho nakulesi sikhundla, izintokazi ziyakwazi ukuzingela. Esinye isici esibonakala sezicabucabu zezindlela zazo zokunakekela izingane ezisencane. Ngokushesha nje lapho izicabucabu ziphume ecaleni elithambile, elivikelwe, zigibela imilenze yomama ngemuva.
Amakhulu spider amancane abambelela ezinweleni zikamama futhi ahlala phezu kwawo ezingxenyeni eziningana, edla i-epidermis. Ngalesi sikhathi, umama uzulazula ukuze athole izimo ezinhle kakhulu ze-microclimatic nendawo yokuhlala enhle yezingane zakhe. Ukuze angabi sengozini, wenqaba ukuzingela cishe izinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili. Umama ugqoka izicabucabu amasonto ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba abe makhulu ngokwanele ukuba akwazi ukuzondla.
Izitha zemvelo zesicabucabu esiyimpisi
Isithombe: Isicabucabu Sezilwane
Kunabaningi bezinyamazane abangathanda ukudla isicabucabu esiyimpisi, kepha la ma-arachnids anezindlela eziningana zokuzivikela ezizisiza ukuba zingabi yizisulu zephakethe lokudla. Izinhlobo ezulazulayo zezimpisi zesicabucabu zisebenzisa ubugqi baso nesivinini, kanye nombala oyingqayizivele ngokuhambisana nemvelo.
Izimbangi okufanele ziqaphele zihlanganisa:
- iminyovu. Abasidli isicabucabu, kepha bakwenza okwesikhashana ngesifo ngaphambi kokufaka iqanda. Lapho izibungu zivuthwa, lezi zidalwa ezivelela esidlekeni zidla izicabucabu zingaphakathi. Eminye iminyovu idonsa isicabucabu esidlekeni sayo bese iyicindezela ngokuphelele, ivikela izibungu. Ezinye izinhlobo zifaka iqanda ngaphakathi, bese zivumela isicabucabu sempisi ukuba sigijime ngokukhululeka,
- ama-amphibians nezilwane ezihuquzelayo ezincane. Ama-Amphibians nawo ajabulela ukudla okumnandi okunikezwa yisicabucabu. Izidalwa ezinjengamasele nama-salamanders ziyaziwa ukuthi zidla izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zesicabucabu. Ama-amphibians angaphambili adla noma yisiphi isidalwa esincane ngokwanele ukusiginya sonke. Izilwane ezihuquzelayo ezincane, ezinjengezinyoka nezikhonkwane, nazo zidla izicabucabu, yize izinhlobo ezinkulu zingasiqa lesi sigcawu ukuze zithande ukudla okukukhulu,
- onobuhlalu kanye coyotes. Yize izicabucabu ze-wolf zingama-arachnids, zisondelene nezinambuzane, ngakho-ke zivame ukuba inyamazane yezihlakala. Lezi zidalwa ezincane zidinga ukungena njalo kokudla ukuze zigcine amandla wazo. Ama-Coyotes kwesinye isikhathi adla izicabucabu zezimpisi,
- izinyoni. Ngenkathi ezinye izinyoni zithanda imbewu nezimila, ezinye izinyoni zivame ukujabulela inyamazane ebukhoma. Izinhlobo eziningi zezinyoni, kubandakanya izikhova kanye nama-hummingbird - ama-elves, zingamaphini esicabucabu. La ma-arachnid awasebenzisi i-cobwebs, ngakho-ke kufanele ahambe ayozingela futhi athole ukudla, okubenza babe sengozini yokuhlaselwa okuvela phezulu.
Uma isicabucabu esiyimpisi siphoqwa ukuba silwe, sizoluma abaphikisi bayo emihlathini emikhulu. Uma ebhekene nokufa, ukulungele ukudela ngisho nomlenze wakhe ukuze asinde kulesi simo, yize ukulahlekelwa umlenze kubenza banciphe futhi babe sengozini yokuhlaselwa ngokuzayo.
Isimo sabantu kanye nezinhlobo zezinhlobo
Photo: Spider Wolf Poison
Cishe zonke izinhlobo zesicabucabu sezimpisi zinabantu abazinzile. Bahlala ngamanani amakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Kodwa-ke, ezinye, njengesicabucabu sezimpisi zasogwadule ezivela ePortugal kanye nesicabucabu sasemhumeni u-Adelocosa anops esiqhingini saseKauai esiqhingini saseHawaii, zisengozini. Ukufana kwesicabucabu sezimpisi no-spider karakurt oyingozi kuholele ekutheni abantu baqale ukubhubhisa lolu hlobo lwenyama ngokushesha nje lapho bebona ngaphakathi kwasekhaya lwabo ngisho noma luseduze nendlu yabo.
Le arachnid kufanele isingathwe ngokuqapha, ngoba ingahle ibe yisicabucabu futhi amakhulukhulu esigcawu angabalekela umama ochotshoziwe endlini.
Ukulunywa yisicabucabu se-wolf kungaba buhlungu, kepha akunangozi ngokuphelele kubantu abadala abanempilo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ubuthi bunomphumela ophansi we-neurotoxic, ngakho-ke akubangeli ukulimala okuningi. Kodwa-ke, abantu abanozwela, njengezingane, asebekhulile, nabantu abanamasosha omzimba abekeke engcupheni, bangaba nendlela ethile yokusabela okungekuhle. Ngakho-ke, uma izingane noma abantu asebekhulile behlala endlini, ungathatha izinyathelo eziningana ukuvikela ukutheleleka kwezihlakala zezimpisi:
- Hlanza uhlaza ngokuzungeza kwendlu,
- Susa udoti egcekeni, njengezihlahla eziwile, amatshe nezinqwaba zokhuni,
- vala noma imiphi imifantu noma izimbobo ezingaphansi kwendlu futhi uzungeze amafasitela neminyango,
- ukunciphisa izibani zangaphandle, ngoba ukukhanya kudonsela izinambuzane izicabucabu ezithanda ukudla,
- uma isicabucabu sewungenile singene endlini, sebenzisa i-sealant ukuyibhubhisa.
Yize ebukeka kabi, spider wolf akubeki usongo oluthile kubantu. Yize zishesha futhi zinolaka ekuzingeleni inyamazane yazo, aziluma abantu ngaphandle kokuthi zicasulwe. Uma uhlangabezana nesicabucabu sempisi, umfutho wakhe wokuqala uzobuyela emuva. Kodwa-ke, uma umjaha noma uzama ukumbhaqa, isicabucabu siyozizwa sisongelwa futhi maningi amathuba okuthola isiteleka sakhe sokuziphindiselela.
Habitat
Izicabucabu ze-Wolf zijabulisa kakhulu. Okuhlukile yi-Antarctica, lapho umhlabathi kanye nezimo zezulu zingakulungelanga impilo yalesi silwane se-arthropod. Imvamisa, iLycosidae itholakala emazweni akhonjwe isikhathi eside esifudumele.
Indawo yendawo enamakhambi otshani, istrubbery, amaqabunga awileyo nendawo enamadwala, kepha imvamisa yesicabucabu ihlomisa ikhaya layo ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphezulu omswakama. Izinhlobo zathola ukusatshalaliswa okubanzi ezindaweni ezisemahlathini ezisondelene namachibi emvelo.
Ivelu ku-ecosystem
Ngokuqondile njengesicupho, izicabucabu zalezi zinhlobo aziluki iwebhu, kodwa zisebenzisa i-cobweb ukumboza isango lokungena endaweni yazo yokuhlala. Izimpisi zesicabucabu ngokufanele zingezokuzinza kwemvelo kwenani lezinambuzane eziyingozi nezinambuzane zezitshalo, ngakho-ke zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekulinganiseni kwemvelo. Indima yalezi zicabucabu kwezolimo ibaluleke kakhulu, lapho kuso sonke isikhathi esifudumele babhubhisa inani elikhulu lezilokazane zezingadi ezahlukahlukene nezivuno eziqhakaza umhlobiso.
Izici Zokuphindaphindeka
Inqubo yokuzalelisa ezinhlotsheni ezihlala ezindaweni nasezifundeni ezinezimo zezulu ezilinganiselayo ivela ikakhulukazi ehlobo. Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezishisayo zingahlala unyaka nonyaka. Izicabucabu zezinsikazi ezingamaduna, kungakhathalekile ukuthi ziyizinhlobo nobudala obunjani, zinakekela izintokazi kahle. Imidanso yemishado iqala ngomlayezo ovela kwisiginali sowesilisa, okuvumela ukuthi uhehe ukunakwa kowesifazane. Isusa imaphambili, imbuzane ngokucophelela futhi kancane ngokwanele isondela kowesifazane. Uma umdanso wokuphasa umthanda, ube esephendukela kowesilisa, abese egoba isandulelo sangaphambili lapho owesilisa egibela khona emhlane wakhe futhi enze inqubo yokuzalelisa.
Masinyane nje ngemuva kokukhwelana, insikazi ibheka indawo eseceleni lapho ikhukhunazi lifaka khona amaqanda. Ngemuva kokuba onke amaqanda ebekile, insikazi imboza ukhukhunathi ngezinsimbi zama-cobwebs, iwunikeze ukwakheka kwe-spherical. Owesifazane udlulisa coceko elinjalo ekugcineni kwasesiswini, endaweni yesitho esigoqayo amasonto amabili kuya kwamathathu. Lapho nje sifika isikhathi sokuzalwa kwezinsana, insikazi inqamula ukhukhunathi ngokwayo futhi ngosizo lwe-chelicera iphule ngokushesha. Izinsana ezihlafunwayo zibekwa kowesifazane futhi ziphila kanjena zize zizimele futhi azikwazi ukuzingela inyamazane ngaphandle kosizo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Isicabucabu sempisi sivame ukuba nenani elikhulu nje lamawundlu, ngakho-ke bayakwazi ukumboza wonke umzimba wesifazane ezingxenyeni eziningana. Ngenxa yalokhu, ngamehlo kuphela adingekayo ukucinga inyamazane ahlala ekhululekile.
Njengomthetho, ukhathele yindlala nokukhathalela inzalo, isicabucabu sowesifazane sesifazane sifa ngemuva kokuzala, kodwa abanye abantu abanamandla kakhulu bayakwazi ukululama, futhi maduze baye ebusika ukuze banikeze inzalo entsha isizini ezayo.
Abamele ama-arthropods athakazelisa kakhulu, futhi ukubuka izilwane ezifuywayo ezinjalo ezingejwayelekile kuyajabulisa kakhulu. Phakathi kokunye, izicabucabu azidingi isikhathi esiningi sokunakekela nokwaba indawo enkulu yokuhlala. Ekhaya, njengomthetho, kuqukethe izinhlobo ezihlala zodwa kakhulu ezivamile ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ososayensi bazamile ukususa isicabucabu esiyisihluthulelo sikakhukhunathi esimweni sokufakelwa se-incubator, kodwa lokho kuhlolwa ngesibindi kwahluleka. Ukususwa kokunakekelwa kwabazali kubangele ukubola kwesikhamba ngokushesha.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-arachnid evame kakhulu yasendlini iyisicabucabu se-tarantula, izicabucabu zezimpisi, ezisatshalaliswa kabanzi ezimweni zemvelo, nazo zibekezelela kalula ukudingiswa.
Njengamanje, izicabucabu zezimpisi seziba yizilwane ezifuywayo kaningi. Lapho zigcinwa endlini, ezinye izindlela zokuqapha kumele zibhekwe:
- kungcono ukugcina isigcawu e-aquarium, umthamo wawo uhluka phakathi kwamalitha ayi-10 - 20,
- i-aquarium kumele igcwale ama-peat chip noma inhlabathi yehlathi, ungqimba we-6-12 cm,
- umbuso wokushisa ngaphakathi kwe-aquarium kufanele ugcinwe ngaphakathi kwebanga lama-25-30 ° C phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokugcina isicabucabu,
- izinkomba zomswakama kahle ziyi-75-80%,
- ukuvimbela ukuluma okuhlungu, ngephutha uthathe isicabucabu ngeshwa.
Kubalulekile! Izinkomba zomswakama kanye namazinga okushisa kumele alawulwe ngokuqinile, futhi uma kunesidingo, anda ngokumboza i-aquarium ngeplastiki egqamile noma yokugoqwa kwepulasitiki.
Imithetho yokondla
Isicabucabu sempisi iyi-arthropod enobuhle kakhulu, ngakho-ke kufanele sinikezwe inani elanele lokudla okuphelele. Ukondla izicabucabu zalesi zinhlobo, ukudla okubukhoma ngohlobo lwamakhethini, amaqhude, izimpukane, omiyane kanye nezibungu zamabhungane. Ukudla kwesicabucabu sezimpisi kufanele kufake amanzi amasha nezinambuzane ezichotshoziwe ezomisiwe.
Izeluleko Zokuthenga
Kungcono ukugcina ekhaya izinsikazi eziphila iminyaka ekudingisweni iminyaka emine noma ngaphezulu. Lapho ethola owesilisa, umuntu kufanele akhumbule ukuthi bangahlala ekudingisweni isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka emibili futhi, uma sebefinyelele ebusheni, bafa ngokushesha ngokwanele. Phakathi kokunye, izintokazi ngisho nasekudingisweni ziyakwazi ukukhiqiza inzalo eminingi ngonyaka. Izindleko zomuntu omdala wohlobo oluvamile ezweni lethu kuyaqabukela lidlula ama-ruble angama-500. Izibalo ezikhethekile ezingenisiwe ezivela emazweni asezindaweni ezishisayo kuthiwa zinga-oda lobukhulu obukhulu.