Ingwe yolwandle - ibhekisa ezinhlotsheni zezimpawu zamanzi zangempela ezihlala ezindaweni ezingaphansi koLwandle Oluseningizimu. Ingenye yezilwane zasolwandle ezesabekayo nezingozi kakhulu.
Wabizwa ingwe yesikhumba sakhe embozwe amabala, futhi nangenxa yokuziphatha kabi - futhi unobuthi futhi uyingozi kwezinye izilwane zasolwandle.
Kukhona ingwe yolwandle kulo lonke uzungeza weqhwa lase-Antarctic, ukuhambisa kanye nomlobi wallet kubakhathaza kakhulu abahlali bayo abanokuthula.
Incazelo nendlela yokuphila
I-Antarctica iyizwekazi lesithupha noma ihlane elimhlophe. Cishe wonke amakhilomitha skwele ayizigidi ezili-14 ambozwe eqhweni ukuze ungakwazi ukucasha futhi uthole ukudla. Ehlobo, amanzi agcwele impilo lapha. Isixuku esikhulu seplankton, ikakhulukazi i-krill - zufazid crustacean yolwandle, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwezingama-250 zesiponji - ezinye zazo ezinobukhulu bokunxanxathela, ama-urchins olwandle nezinkanyezi, ama-octopus, izibungu, i-jellyfish enesisindo nesenti nesenti.
"Imenyu" enjalo iheha abadli abaningi abahlukahlukene e-Antarctica - izilwane zasolwandle, izinyoni nezinhlanzi. Izivakashi ezihlonishwayo kakhulu yimikhomo ye-baleen: osivals, humpbacks, finials and blue whale. Wanelisekile ngokubamba okuphanayo - zonke izinhlanzi, igobolondo, ama-crustaceans. Kepha kunesilwane emndenini wama-pinnipeds owandisile umkhawulo wokudla kwendabuko kwabafowabo. Ungwe ingwe yolwandle.
Lolu phawu olunamabala aluhlaza luhlela ukuzingela okungakhathali kwama-penguin nabanye abameleli abanegazi abafudumele. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphandle kokudela izidumbu zamaphinifa kanye nemikhomo, udla ama-squid, izinhlanzi kanye no-krill ngentokozo.
Ingwe yolwandle inomzimba ohlelisiwe oyivumelayo ukuba ikhule ngesivinini esiphezulu emanzini. Ikhanda lakhe lithambile ngokungajwayelekile futhi libukeka njenge reptile, umlomo wakhe unemigqa emibili yamazinyo anamandla anama fangs. Isilwane cishe asinawo amanoni acashile.
Ingwe yabesilisa yasolwandle ingamamitha amathathu ubude namakhilogremu angama-300 isisindo - kanti isisindo sengwe yolwandle lowesifazane singafinyelela uhhafu wethani. Ibamba inyamazane, ingwe iyakwazi ukushesha ifike ku-40 km / h. Ngenxa yokwakheka komzimba, lolu phawu lufana ne-torpedo, olufaka ukunyakaza ngejubane eliphezulu. Amaphiko angaphambili afinyelela imitha futhi, ngokusebenza ngokuvumelanayo, aqhubekisela phambili umzimba. Intamo ende eguqukayo ibambe ikhanda elithobekile lifane nenyoka. Umlomo omkhulu unemihlathi enamandla namazinyo amakhulu. Nasi isithombe esinjengomnqobi wombulali.
Isici esiyingqayizivele sengwe yolwandle ukuthi ayihambelani nabambisene, kepha ithanda isizungu esiziqhenyayo.
Lapho kuqala ihlobo e-Antarctica, izingwe zasolwandle zibhekisa eduzane nokudla - amakoloni wepenguin. Kunezindlela ezimbili zokuzingela lezi zipinki. Lapho ama-penguins ebhukuda eduze neqhwa noma ngaphansi kwezwekazi futhi ekwazi kalula ukuphuma emanzini, ingwe yolwandle ibasondela ngaphansi kwamanzi isuka kude futhi ngaphandle komsindo. Ngaphandle kokubheka phezulu, udonsela inyamazane phansi. Enye into ukuthi ama-penguins esemanzini amakhulu, kude nolwandle. Ukubhukuda kuzinyoni ezingaphansi kwamanzi, kuvalwe uphawu ngokushesha. Ngokudideka, izinyoni eziningi ziyagxuma, kanti ezinye ngokudidizela zibanda phambi kwesiqalo ngokwazo. Umhlaseli ujabulela ngqo umphumela. Lapho sezilulile, izinyoni ziyabaleka, bese zisabalalisa ukukhala okubhonga phezulu, zizama ukucasha. Ngemuva kwabo, njengoba isicubu sesifufula sidlula emanzini, ingwe yolwandle iyashesha. Futhi nge-gxuma lokugcina libamba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Maduze, konke kuyawa.
Lapho zizingela izimpawu, ingwe yolwandle nayo icasha ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ikhulele ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-300, iyakwazi ukuhlala lapho cishe imizuzu eyishumi, igcine umoya-mpilo emisipha nasegazini. Ngesikhathi sokumba, amandla omfutho wamanzi acindezela emakhaleni esilwane, futhi lapho umlomo uvulelwa ukubamba inyamazane, ulwanga nolimi luvale udonga lwangemuva lwePharynx, luvimbele amanzi ukuthi angangeni emaphashini. Uma ukuhlaselwa emanzini kwehluleka, angaqhubeka nokulandela umhlaba, kodwa hhayi isikhathi eside. Emvelweni wamanzi kulula kuye, kunesici sakhe.
Ingozi yengwe yolwandle nayo yabantu. Kube nezigameko zokuhlaselwa kwezikebhe. Izikhonkwane zagxuma emanzini zazama ukumbamba ngesandla umlenze. UChristy Brown ngonyaka ka-2003 waba yisisulu ngesikhathi sokuhamba kwepolar. Ingwe yolwandle, ngenkathi icwaninga umcwaningi, yabamba umlenze wakhe ngamazinyo wayo futhi yamdonsela ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-70, lona wesifazane wanqwabelana. Ukuziphatha okucasulayo okuthuthukile esilwaneni ngesikhathi sokuvela kwemvelo, umkhuba wokuhlasela noma yisiphi isisulu esingaba khona.
Ingwe yolwandle ihlala endaweni eyiyo yodwa emhlabeni - i-Antarctica. Sekukonke, eSouth Ocean okwamanje kunabantu abacishe babe yizinkulungwane ezingama-400 zengwe yolwandle. Le nhlobo ayikaze ifunwe kakhulu futhi isibalo sezilwane siphakeme impela.
Ingwe yolwandle ithole ukunconywa, ukunakwa nokuvikelwa. I-Australia yaze yakhipha uhlamvu lwemali yedola ngomfanekiso weNdlovukazi u-Elizabeth II waseNgilandi ohlangothini lwemali lwangaphambili, nangemuva - ingwe yolwandle ne-cub yayo ngemuva komgwaqo wase-Antarctica kanye nezikhala zeqhwa ezivulekile.
Habitat
Izingwe zasolwandle zihlala emanzini aphakeme nasendaweni engaphansi kweSouthern Hemisphere, ukusuka emngceleni wepakethe weqhwa kuya emngceleni wezwekazi lase-Antarctic, kanye naseziqhingini ezingaphansi komhlaba. ISouth Indian Ocean neHeard Island yizifunda lapho lezi zilwane zihlala unyaka nonyaka. Bakhona eSouth Georgia, Macquarie naseFalkland Islands, Campbell nase-Auckland. Iya enyakatho eSydney, cishe. IRarotonga, iNingizimu Afrika kanye neNyakatho ye-Argentina.
Umsuka wokubuka nencazelo
Isithombe: Ulwandle iLeopard
Isikhathi eside, bekucatshangwa ukuthi izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle zamapinipeed zazivela kokhokho abajwayelekile abahlala emhlabeni, kepha kuze kube manje abukho ubufakazi obucacile kulokhu. Ukutholwa kwezinsalela zezinhlobo zezilwane uPuijila darwini, ezazihlala e-Arctic ngesikhathi seMiocene (eminyakeni engama-23-5 wezigidi edlule), zaba yilesi sixhumanisi esilahlekile. Kutholakale ithambo elilondolozwe kahle eDevon Island eCanada.
Ukusuka ekhanda kuye emsileni, ibinobukhulu obungama-110 cm nezinyawo ze-webbed esikhundleni samaphiko, lapho inzalo yayo yanamuhla igabisa. Izinyawo ezakhiwe nge-webbed zazizomvumela ukuthi achithe ingxenye yesikhathi sakhe efuna ukudla emachibini anamanzi acwebile, okwenza ukuhamba emhlabathini kube kubi kakhulu kunamachaphaza ebusika, lapho amachibi afriziwe ayengamphoqa ukuthi afune ukudla emhlabathini kanzima. Umsila omude nemilenze emifushane wawunika ukubukeka okufana ne-otter yomfula.
Izici zokubonakala kwengwe yolwandle
Leli tywina linomzimba ophakeme ongamamitha ayi-2,5-3,2 ubude, ikhanda elinamandla elinemihlathi emikhulu, izingwegwe ezinde nezinsimbi ezikhuliswe kahle. Izilwane zinesisindo esilinganiselwa kuma-250-400 kg. Abesifazane bakhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa: kwesinye isikhathi isisindo somuntu ngamunye singafinyelela ku-600 kg. Kepha ngaphandle kobukhulu obukhulu futhi uhlala emanzini abandayo, ungqimba olunamafutha luyincane kakhulu kunolo lwezinye izinhlobo zasolwandle.
Ubuso obuhle obuhle benyathi yolwandle buyakhohlisa: lesi sidlakela asisihluphi ngokuhlwitha upenguin futhi nakwezimpawu ezincane.
Umbala wesilwane uyisiliva, emuva kumnyama, kunamabala akhanyayo namnyama emqaleni, amabala ehlombe, izinhlangothi nesisu. Izinsana ezisanda kuzalwa zigqoke uboya obude obuthambile, obufana ngombala nejazi lesilwane esidala.
Ngokungafani nezinye izimpawu zamanzi zangempela, amaphiko angwevu angaphambili ayakudluliswa, okuyinto eyinikeza ithuba ngesivinini nangendlela elula.
Ingwe yolwandle esithombeni ibonisa ama-fangs akhule kahle.
Indlela yokuphila yezilwane ezihlasela i-Antarctic
Impilo yengwe yolwandle yenzeka eqhweni nasolwandle. Izilwane ezincane kuphela kwesinye isikhathi ezibuthana ngamaqembu amancane, kanti abantu abadala abakhethi ukuxhumana nezinhlobo zazo.
Imvamisa ingwe ingatholakala eduzane nezinye iziqobane, njengezinqola zohlobo lwe-crabeater ne-Antarctic fur seals, kanye naphakathi kwezindawo ezinkulu zepenguin: umhlaseli akathandi ukuya kude ayofuna ukudla futhi ukhetha ukuthi inyamazane engokoqobo ihlale isiseduze.
Ukubukeka nezimpawu
Photo: Isilwane ingwe yolwandle
Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izimpawu, ingwe yolwandle inesimo somzimba esidubulekile futhi semisipha. Le nhlobo yaziwa ngekhanda layo elikhulu kanye nemihlathi, efana nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, ezivumela ukuthi ibe ngomunye wabaphangi abaphambili emvelweni. Isici esiyisihluthulelo okunzima ukusiphuthelwa yijazi elivikelayo, kanti uhlangothi lwengubo emnyama lubumnyama ukwedlula olwesisu.
Ezingubeni zasolwandle, isiliva elinombala onsundu oxutshwe naluhlaza oludala umbala "wengwe" onephethini elibonakalayo, kuyilapho uhlangothi olungezansi (olaphansi) lwejazi lunombala olula - ukusuka kokumhlophe kuye kokumpunga okukhanyayo. Izinsikazi zikhulu kancanyana kunabesilisa. Ubude bungu-2.4-3,5 m, nesisindo - ukusuka ku-200 kuye ku-600 kg. Zicishe zilingane ne-walrus yasenyakatho, kodwa isisindo sezingwe zolwandle zingaphansi kwengxenye.
Imiphetho yomlomo wesibonakaliso sengwe ihlala igoba njalo phezulu, okudala ukumamatheka noma ukumamatheka. Lokhu kubukeka kobuso obungenakuzenzela kungeza ukubukeka kwesabisa esilwaneni, futhi akunakwethenjwa. Lokhu kungaba yiziqhwaga ezinolaka ezihlala ziqapha izitha zazo. Ezimweni ezingavamile, lapho behamba emhlabathini, bavikela isikhala sabo ngokunikeza isilokotho esiyisixwayiso kubo bonke abasondele kakhulu.
Umzimba olungiselelwe weleopard yolwandle ukuvumela ukuthi uthole isivinini esithe xaxa emanzini, uhlaba umxhwele ngokufana nangaphambili kwawo ngaphambili. Olunye uphawu oluphawulekile amadevu amafushane, acacile, asetshenziselwa ukutadisha imvelo. Izingwe zolwandle zinomlomo omkhulu maqondana nosayizi womzimba.
Amazinyo angaphambili abukhali, njengamanye ama-carnivores, kepha ama-molars axhumeke komunye nomunye ngendlela yokucwilisa ukhiphe ukuphuma kwamanzi, njenge-crabeater seal. Azinawo ama-auricles angaphandle noma izindlebe, kodwa zinomsele wendlebe ongaphakathi oholela ekuvulekeni kwangaphandle. Amahemuhemu asemoyeni afana nehemuhemu somuntu, kanti nengwe yolwandle isebenzisa izindlebe zayo ngesilevu ukulandelela inyamazane yayo ngaphansi kwamanzi.
Ngabe ingwe yolwandle idlani?
Uhla lwezisulu zengwe yolwandle lubanzi impela futhi luhlanganisa i-Antarctic krill, inhlanzi, squid, kanye namaphengwini nezinye izilwane zasolwandle nezimpawu zasolwandle.
Njengoba ingwe ibuthuntu impela ogwini, izingela kuphela emanzini. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kudla kuyehluka nesikhathi sonyaka. NgoSeptemba-Novemba, i-krill ithatha ingxenye enkulu ekudleni. NgoDisemba nangoJanuwari, izimpawu zomqhele ezisanda kuzalwa ziba ezibalulekile ekudleni. NgoJanuwari-uFebhuwari, ama-penguins amancane aba izisulu ezifinyeleleka kalula. Inhlanzi ibanjwa ngezikhathi ezithile.
Njengomthetho, abantu abakhulu kunabo bonke nabadala kuphela abathobela inyamazane enkulu. Ama-penguin azingelayo eduze kwamakholoni awo kwenzeka kuphela ngenkathi ethile, futhi kuphela amanye awo asebekhulile asolwandle abasebenza ngokukhethekile kuwo, ngoba kunzima impela ukubamba ipenguin eshesha emanzini.
Ingwe yolwandle ingukuphela kwezimpawu zasendle ezifuna ukuzingela ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Akekho owake wabona ukuzingela okunje, kepha izibazi ezivame kakhulu zezimpawu zamakhreyithi, kanye nezinsalela zazo esiswini sezingwe zolwandle, zithi lokhu kuhlaselwa kwenzeka. Iningi lezisulu yizilwane ezisencane, kepha imihuzuko emisha nayo yatholakala kubantu abadala.
Izimpawu zokuhlaselwa yingwe kubadli bezimonyo ziyizibazi ezifika ku-30 cm ubude, zivame ngababili ukufana emzimbeni wonke. Phambilini bekucatshangelwa ngephutha ukuthi lezi zibazi zishiya amazinyo omkhomo obulele, kepha manje sekukholelwa ukuthi ziyaqhubeka lapho umkhohlisi we-crab ehla enyuka nengwe yolwandle esebenzisa inqubo ekhethekile - ukujikeleza. AmaLeopards adla kuphela isikhumba salabo abadliwe crab kanye nohlu lwamafutha aseduze.
Ngaphezu kwalabo abadla izimbaza, ama-Weddell seal, kanye nezimpawu zoboya kanye nezimpawu zezindlovu zezingane kungaba yizisulu zengwe yolwandle.
Ingwe yolwandle ihlala kuphi?
Isithombe: Ulwandle iLeopard Antarctica
Lezi yizimpawu zasendulo, umjikelezo wokuphila wazo oxhunywe ngokuphelele nekhava yeqhwa. Indawo yokuhlala enkulu yezilwandle zase-Antarctic eduze komngcele weqhwa. Abantu abasebasha babonwa ogwini lweziqhingi eziphansi. Izingwe zasolwandle ezixakile zibhalwe phansi nasemaphethelweni e-Australia, New Zealand, South America kanye naseNingizimu Afrika. Ngo-Agasti 2018, umuntu oyedwa wabonwa eGeraldton ogwini olusentshonalanga ye-Australia. ENtshonalanga Antarctica, inani labantu izingwe zasolwandle liphakeme kunakwezinye izindawo.
Iqiniso elithakazelisayo: Izilwane zasendle eziyizinyoka ezidla inyamazane kwezinye izilwane ezincelisayo zasolwandle namaphengwini asemanzini ase-Antarctic aboshwe eqhweni. Futhi uma bengaxakekile bafuna ukudla, bangakhukhuleka eqhweni bayophumula. Ukubukeka kwabo nokumamatheka okungachazeki kubenza babonakale kalula!
Iningi labamele lolu hlobo luhlala ngaphakathi eqhweni lepakethe unyaka wonke, lihlala lodwa isikhathi esiningi sezimpilo zalo, ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuhlala nonina. Lamaqembu omatilasi angadlulela enyakatho ngesikhathi sasebusika sase-Australia aye eziqhingini ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye nogu lwamazwekazi aseningizimu ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okufanele kwamawundlu. Ngenkathi abantu abanesizungu bangavela ezindaweni ezinamazinga aphansi, abesifazane akuvamile ukuba bazale lapho. Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kungenxa yezinkinga zokuphepha zezinzalo.
Ukuzala
Lawa ma-pinnipeds awanayo inkathi yokukhula ehlukile. Ukuxhamazela kwenzeka ngqo emanzini, futhi kusukela ngoSepthemba kuya kuJanuwari, eqhweni lepakethe noma eziqhingini, insikazi ibeletha iwundlu elilodwa. Umama umupha ubisi cishe amasonto amane, phakathi naleso sikhathi ingane ikhulisa isisindo sayo amahlandla amaningi.
Izingwe zolwandle zifinyelela esikhathini sokuthomba eneminyaka engu-3-7, futhi isikhathi sokuphila kwazo siyisilinganiso seminyaka engama-20-25. Lezi zilwane zivame kakhulu e-Antarctic. Ubukhulu besibalo somhlaba bufika ezilwaneni eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-300-500 kanti izingwe azisongelwa ngokuqothulwa.
Habitat, indawo yokuhlala
Njengamanje, cishe izingwazi eziyisishiyagalolunye zezingwe, ezihlukahluke endaweni yokuhlala nezindawo zokuhlala, zithathwa njengezodwa. Izingwe zase-Afrika (iRanhera rardus rardus) zihlala e-Afrika, lapho zihlala khona nje hhayi ehlathini elinomswakama esifundeni esiphakathi nendawo, kepha nasezintabeni, emagqumeni nasogwadule olusuka eCape of Good Hope kuya eMorocco. Izilwane ezihlaselayo zigwema indawo ezomile nezingwadule ezinkulu, ngakho-ke azitholakali eSahara.
I-subspecies yengwe yaseNdiya (iRanthera rardus fusca) ihlala eNepal naseBhutan, eBangistan nasePakistan, eningizimu yeChina nasenyakatho neNdiya. Kwenzeka emahlathini ashisayo futhi anqumayo, ezindaweni ezihlangene zamahlathi asenyakatho. Izingwe zeCeylon (iRanhera rardus kotiyа) zihlala kuphela esifundeni sesiqhingi saseSri Lanka, kanti izingosi zaseNyakatho Chinese (iRanhera rardus jaronesis) zihlala enyakatho yeChina.
Uhla lokusatshalaliswa kwezingwe ezikude zase-Far Eastern noma i-Amur (Pantherа pardus Orientalis) lumelwe yindawo yeRussia, China nePeninsula yaseKorea, ngenkathi inani labantu beleopard lase-East Asia (Pantherа pardus сiscaucasica) litholakala e-Iran nase-Afghanistan, eTurkmenistan nase-Azerbaijan, e-Abkhazia nase Turkey, Georgia , kanye naseNyakatho Caucasus. Ingwe yaseNingizimu Arabian (Pantherа pardus nimr) ihlala endaweni yePhalamende lase-Arabia.
Emuva kokuqukethwe
Izici zobuntu nendlela yokuphila
Isithombe: Ulwandle iLeopard
Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi, ngokwesilinganiso, umkhawulo we-aerobic diving for young seal cishe imizuzu engu-7. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ezinyangeni zasebusika, izingwe zasolwandle azidli i-krill, okuyingxenye enkulu yokudla kwezimpawu ezindala, njengoba ama-krill etholakala ekujuleni. Lokhu kwesinye isikhathi kungaholela ekuzingeleni okuhlanganyele.
Iqiniso elithokozisayo: Amacala okuzingela ngokubambisana kwe-Antarctic fur seal aqoshiwe, aqhutshwa ngophawu oluncane futhi mhlawumbe nonina esiza indodana yakhe ekhulayo, noma kungaba ukuhlangana kwensikazi yowesilisa + ukukhulisa umkhiqizo wokuzingela.
Lapho ingwe yolwandle iba nesithukuthezi sokudla, kepha ifune ukuzijabulisa, ingadlala “ikati negundane” ngamaphengwini noma ngesinye uphawu. Lapho i-penguin ibhukuda iqonde ogwini, ingwe yolwandle inquma endleleni yayo ibuyele emuva. Wenza lokhu ephindelela kuze kube yilapho i-penguin ikwazi ukuya ogwini noma ukunqotshwa ukukhathala. Kubukeka sengathi lo mdlalo awwenzi mqondo, ikakhulukazi njengoba uphawu lusebenzisa inani elikhulu lamandla kulo mdlalo futhi kungenzeka lungadli nezilwane ezizibulele. Ososayensi baphakamise ukuthi lokhu kusobala kwezemidlalo, noma mhlawumbe kungaba zincane, izimpawu ezingagugi ezifuna ukuthuthukisa amakhono abo okuzingela.
Izingwe zolwandle zimbi kakhulu lapho zixhumana. Njengomthetho, bazingela bodwa futhi abahlangane nhlobo nabantu abangaphezu koyedwa noma ababili bohlobo lwabo ngasikhathi sinye. Okuhlukile kulokhu kuziphatha wedwa isikhathi sokuzala sonyaka kusukela ngoNovemba kuya ku-Mashi, lapho abantu abaningana bezohlangana ndawonye. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokuziphatha kwabo okungajabulisi kakhulu nemvelo enesizungu, kuncane okwaziwayo ngomjikelezo wabo wokuzala ngokuphelele. Ososayensi basazama ukuthola ukuthi izingwe zasolwandle zibakhetha kanjani abalingani babo nokuthi ziveza kanjani izindawo zabo.
Izizathu zokwehla kwamanani
Ngaphezu kokuzalela kabusha futhi kwehle kancane kubantu, umsebenzi we-barbaric womuntu waba imbangela yokunyamalala kwengwe eyiFar East.
Amahlathi nezindawo ezilungele iziza zokuzingela inyamazane. Ziyancipha ngokushesha ngaphansi kokuhlaselwa kwempucuko, kanye nemililo yemililo “ebhubhisa” uhlaza bese kuphoqa ama-herbivores ukuthi athuthe "usizo".
Lokhu kufaka phakathi imigwaqo emikhulu nojantshi ababekwa emahlathini amadala, ukulima amasimu, ukugawulwa kwezihlahla okungalawulwa.
Ukulimala okukhulu kwesibalo esincane sezingwe zase-Amur kwenziwa ngabazingeli abanobuthi bezilwane ezinamaphakethe ezinja. Abazingeli bafuna ukuthola isikhumba esibalulekile sesilo esihle, futhi abelaphi baseChina bakhokha imali ethe xaxa ezingxenyeni zesidumbu esisetshenziswe ekwenziweni komoya.
Kwesinye isikhathi izingwebe zaseMpumalanga Ekude ziba yizisulu zabanikazi bezinyamazane. Ezama ukuzitholela ukudla, abadla izitha badutshulwa khona lapho endaweni yesehlakalo "sobugebengu." Izingwe ezinganakekile zivame ukushayiswa yizimoto ezidlula lapho zilandelana.
Isakhiwo senhlalo nokuzala
Photo: Isilwane ingwe yolwandle
Njengoba izingwe zasolwandle zihlala ezindaweni ezingenakufinyeleleka kubantu, kuncane okwaziwayo ngemikhuba yazo yokuba nezingane. Kodwa-ke, kuyaziwa ukuthi uhlelo lwabo lokuzalela lunesithembu, okuwukuthi, abesilisa bashada nabesifazane abaningana ngesikhathi sokuzala. Owesifazane osebenza ngokocansi (oneminyaka emi-3 kuya kwengama-7- ubudala) angazala ikonyana elilodwa ehlobo, ehlangana nowesilisa osebenza ngokobulili (oneminyaka eyi-6-7 ubudala).
Ukuhluma kwenzeka kusuka ngoDisemba kuya kuJanuwari, ngemuva nje kokulunyulwa kwewundana elikhulile, lapho i-estrus igeleza kowesifazane. Lapho belungiselela ukuzalwa kwezimpawu zokubekwa kolwandle, izinsikazi zimba umgodi oyindilinga eqhweni. Ingane esanda kuzalwa inesisindo esingamakhilogremu angama-30 futhi inonina inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokuba ilunyulwe futhi ifundiswe ukuzingela. I-seal yabesilisa ayihlanganyeli ekunakekelweni kwezinsana futhi ibuyela enkambisweni yayo yokuphila yodwa ngemuva kwenkathi yokuzalela. Ukuzalanisa okuningi kwezingwe zasolwandle kwenzeka eqhweni lepakethe.
Iqiniso elihehayo: Ukudonswa kwemvelo kwenzeka emanzini, bese owesilisa eshiya insikazi ukuba anakekele iwundlu alizalayo emva kwezinsuku ezingama-274 ekhulelwe.
Kukholelwa ukuthi i-soundtrack ibaluleke kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzala, ngoba ngalesi sikhathi abesilisa basebenza kakhulu. Lawa magama aqoshwe futhi afundwa. Yize kuncane okwaziwayo ukuthi kungani le misindo yenziwa ngabesilisa, kucatshangelwa ukuthi bahlobene nezici zokuzala nokuziphatha kwabo. Balengise phansi bebheke phezulu beya ngapha nangapha, amaduna amadala anesici, aqukethe isitayela athi aziveza ngokulandelana okuhlukile futhi okukholakala ukuthi njengengxenye yokuziphatha kwawo kokuzalela.
Kusukela ngo-1985 kuya ku-1999, kwenziwa uhambo lokuya e-Antarctica olunhlanu ukuyofunda izingwe zasolwandle. Kuqashelwe izimbambo zamathole kusukela ekuqaleni kukaNovemba kuya ngasekupheleni kukaDisemba. Ososayensi baqaphela ukuthi kubo bonke abantu abathathu abadala, kwakukhona cishe i-cub eyodwa, futhi babona ukuthi iningi labantu besifazane lihlala kude nezinye izinkomba zabantu abadala ngalesi sikhathi sonyaka, futhi lapho bebonwa ngamaqembu, azikhombisanga zimpawu zokuxhumana. Izinga lokufa kwama-leopard cubs ngonyaka wokuqala lisondele ku-25%.
Ukuziphatha
AmaLeopards ayizidlakudla eziphawula insimu yazo ngemichilo nomchamo. Ngesikhathi sokudla, izingwekazi purr, kanye nokunye ukuxhumana nokuxhumana nezihlobo kwenzeka ngosizo lwezinsimbi nokukhwehlela.
Lapho zizingela, ingwe ihamba kancane futhi ngomusa, ngaphandle kokuheha ukunakwa. Lezi zidlova azizwa zinesidingo samanzi, ngoba ubuningi boketshezi abuthola ezilwaneni zabo.
Ingwe iyisilwane esisheshayo, ingahamba ngejubane elingafika ku-60 km / h, futhi yenze ukweqa isikhathi eside kunamamitha ayisithupha. Baphinde babe nombono nokuzwa okuthuthuke kakhulu, okudingeka ekuzingeleni emahlathini aminyene.
Umsoco
Ukudla okuyinhloko nokuthandwayo kwalaba bantu abahlukumezayo yizinambuzane, izinyamazane, izinyamazane. Ingwe ibuka inyamazane yaso emachibini, inamathela entanyeni yayo nge-gxuma bese iyambulala.
Lezi zilwane zifihla inyamazane yazo esihlahleni. Bangakwazi ukukhulisa isidumbu kuze kube kathathu kunabo. Uma omunye wabaqhudelana ethinta ukudla kwabo, ngeke bakudle. Kwenzeka ngesikhathi seminyaka yendlala ukuthi ingwe ihlasele ngamahhashi, izinyoni nezinkawu. Kwesinye isikhathi kudla ngisho naku-carrion. Lapho ehlangana ne-fox kanye ne-wolf, umane azidele.
Ingwe intshontsha inyamazane komunye nomunye esihlahleni. Imvamisa, ingwe enkulu idinga izinsuku ezimbili ukuze idle inyamazane enkulu. Ngakho-ke udla isilwane esilambile. Ingwe eyondliwe kahle isebenzelana nezinyamazane kungakapheli izinsuku ezinhlanu noma eziyisikhombisa.
Izingwe ngandlela thize zisula imvelo yezilwane ezibuthakathaka. Uhlobo lokukhethwa kwemvelo lwenzeka ngosizo lwabo.
Izingwe Ezimnyama Nezimhlophe
Kwenzeka ukuthi kowesifazane oyedwa, kanye namabala, kuvela amathole amnyama. Lezi zingwe zibizwa ngokuthi ama-panthers amnyama. Noma kunjalo, izingwe ezimnyama zisenezindawo ezincane ezibonakala ngezinga elikhulu noma ngezinga elincane. Lesi sithombe sikhombisa ingwe emnyama.
Kusekhona izingwe ze-albino. Amehlo abo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka futhi ijazi limhlophe. Kodwa, izingwe ezimhlophe ezinjalo azivamile ukuhlala endle.
Ukuswela inyamazane
Emhlabeni wase China kunamapheshana amakhulu angahle alungele lezi zilwane. Kodwa-ke, izinga lokulethwa kokudla kwalezi zindawo alanele ukugcina inani labantu lisesezingeni elifanele. Kungenzeka ukwandisa inani lezinyamazane, kepha ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwamahlathi ngabantu futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezisheshayo nezisebenzayo zokuvikela ama-ungulates kubazingeli. Ukuze ingwe yaseMpumalanga Ekude ilulame, idinga ukuphinda ibuyele lapho ibiphila khona ngaphambili.
Amaqiniso Ahehayo
Ingwe yabesifazane ibamba amazinyane amaduna isikhathi eside. Bahlala nonina izinyanga ezimbalwa ukwedlula amantombazane.
Abaholi bezizwe zase-Afrika bavame ukugqoka isikhumba sengwe. Ngalokhu bavusa ukwesaba phambi kwezitha zabo. Njengoba lesi sikhumba sibonisa ukuthi banazo zonke izimfanelo zalesi silo, umusa, amandla namandla.
Isisusa sohlobo lwezimpawu zasendle sibizwa ngokuthi ingwe yolwandle, ngoba sinemibala efanayo ezindaweni futhi singumzingeli omuhle.
E-heraldryryryryry, kwakhulunywa ngo-hybrid wengwe nekamela. Lesi sithombe bekungumzimba wekati elinekhanda lendlulamthi elinezimpondo ezimbili. Lesi silwane sasiwuphawu lwentshiseko nesibindi.
Isitatimende sokuthi ingwe emhlophe (ingwe eqhwa) ingwe enemibala ekhanyayo ayiphutha. Ingwe emhlophe ingeyohlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo futhi ibizwa ngokuthi ingwe yeqhwa.
I-dimorphism yezocansi
Kulezi zilwane, izinsikazi zikhulu kakhulu futhi zikhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa. Isisindo sabo singafinyelela ku-500 kg, nobude bomzimba - amamitha amane. Emadodeni, ukuphakama kwawo akuvami ngaphezu kwamamitha ama-3, futhi isisindo sawo singama-270 kg. Umbala nomzimba wabantu bobulili obuhlukile cishe kuyafana, ngakho-ke, kwesinye isikhathi kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ubulili babantu abasha, abangakakhuli ngokuphelele.
Ukudla Kwasolwandle
Ingwe yasolwandle ibhekwa njengesidlwengu esinonya kunazo zonke ezindaweni ezise-Antarctic. Noma kunjalo, ngokungafani nenkolelo ethandwayo, ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwakhe ayizona neze izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele, kodwa i-krill. Isilinganiso sawo samaphesenti uma siqhathaniswa nokunye "ukudla" kwimenyu yengwe yolwandle cishe singama-45%.
Ingxenye yesibili, engabalulekile kangako ekudleni yinyama yezilwanyana ezisencane zezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, njengamathelawayeka ama-crabeater, uphawu lwamadlozi kanye nezimpawu zomzimba zeWeddell Ingxenye yezimpawu zasendlini zokudla kwangaphambi kwendabuko icishe ibe ngama-35%.
Izinyoni, kubandakanya ama-penguins, kanye nezinhlanzi nama-cephalopods, cishe ziyi-10% lilinye.
Ingwe yolwandle ayideleli ukwenza inzuzo ku-carrion, ngokwesibonelo, idla ngokulangazelela inyama efile ye-whale, kunjalo, uma inikezwa ithuba elinjalo.
Kuyathakazelisa! Ososayensi baqaphele isici esingajwayelekile salezi zilwane: izingwe eziningi zasolwandle zizingela amapengu ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa phakathi kwabantu balezi zinhlobo kukhona nalabo abathanda ukudla inyama yalezi zinyoni kuphela.
Ngaso leso sikhathi, izincazelo ezinengqondo zokuziphatha okuxakile ngale ndlela azitholakalanga. Ngokunokwenzeka, ukukhetha kwesabelo esikhona selwandle noma inyama yenkukhu ekudleni kwezingwe zasolwandle kuchazwa yimilutha yomuntu siqu yale mikhono enamabala.
Ingwe yolwandle ibheka inyamazane yayo emanzini, emva kwalokho igasele kuyo bese iyibulala. Uma icala livela ngasemaphethelweni osogwini, isisulu singazama ukweqa esihlaselweni ngokuziphonsa eweni. Kepha noma kunjalo, ukude kakhulu nokuhlala efulathela: ubomvu oshisayo ngokuzingela, ingwe yakhe yolwandle nayo igxuma iphuma emanzini iphishekele inyamazane yayo isikhashana, iqhubekela eqhweni ngosizo lwangaphambili lwayo oluqinile nolungenasici ..
Izingwe zasolwandle zivame ukuzingela ama-penguin, zibathathe ngasogwini ngaphansi kwamanzi endaweni yokuqamekela. Lapho nje inyoni enganakekeli isondela ogwini, inyamazane iphuma emanzini ibambe ngobuhlakani ibambe inyamazane yayo ngomlomo we-toothy.
Ngemuva kwalokho, ingwe yolwandle iqala ukudla inyamazane yayo. Ebopha isidumbu senyoni emlonyeni wakhe onamandla, uqala ukuyishaya ngamandla emanzini, ukuze ahlukanise inyama nesikhumba, okuyiqiniso, esidingekayo kumhlaseli, ngoba emaphepheni uthanda kakhulu amanoni abo angaphansi.
Inhlanganisela yomnsalo wokuphrinta yezilwane
Njengoba wazi, izithombe ze-monochrome manje seziyindlela, kepha uma kukhulunywa ngeminsalo ephelele, ukuqoqa isithombe esihle kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe.
Eminsalweni enjalo, iphethini nezithunzi zokuphrinta kufanele zifane ngangokunokwenzeka, ngakho-ke kungcono ukukhetha amasudi aselethwe ngomumo. Ngokudabukisayo, okugqokwa kakhulu kwezingubo zokugqoka zezilwane kuzoba amabhulukwe amakhulu ngebhantshi noma phezulu, lapho kungekudala kuzodingeka ukuthi kuhlanjululwe ngezingubo ezingenalutho.
Isibonelo, isithombe esisefashinini esinamabhulukwe nejakethi ephrintiwe edinga ukwenezelwa ngenhla noma i-turtleneck ethambile, nokukhetha isethi yabaphezulu nabhulukwe, ingubo yangaphandle, futhi kucace ngokusobala.
Ama-overall emfashini kuphela, izitayela zangempela phakathi kwazo ezingatholakala ebusika nasehlobo, eziyozigoba ngokuphelele zisuka ekhanda ziye ezinzwaneni ngemibala yezilwane.
Ukuphrinta kwezilwane ezingutsheni zangaphandle
Ijazi lesikhumba ku-python, ijazi lezingwe zokufakelwa, amajazi we-laconic kanye namajakhethi amade anombhalo ophrintiwe - yilokhu okudingeka unake lapho ukhetha izingubo zangaphandle ezinesimo sokuphrinta esijabulisayo.
Izithombe zemfashini ezingama-2019-2020 ezinengwe kanye nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ngezingubo zangaphandle zihlanganiswa kahle nesethi engathathi hlangothi. Inhlanganisela emnyama, nsundu, grey, i-beige ezingutsheni iphelele.
Ubuntu obunesibindi nobukhali bokuzama ukuzama ukuhlanganisa imibala yezilwane futhi nemibala ye-neon engatheni emfanekisweni owodwa. Isibonelo, isigqoko se-lime kanye nejazi elikhanyayo yoqhwaku noboya be-faux kuzoba yinto esebenza kahle futhi efanelekile.
Izembatho zezingwe ezifake imfashini kakhulu ezithombeni zabesifazane
Ukukhethwa kwengubo yokugqoka yengwe yokuphuma kusihlwa ngeke kuphumelele ngokuphelele, kanti lapho kubukeka khona nsuku zonke ngo-2019-2020, izingubo ezikhanyisa ingwe ngeke zilingane.
Ungagqoka ngisho nengubo enhle yengwe yomsebenzi, ngoba ukuthambekela kuzoba nezitayela ezivaliwe kakhulu futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi. Amamodeli adlalayo wokudlala angagqokwa ngama-sneaker amhlophe. Ngenkathi ebandayo, gqoka ibhulukwe elimnyama noma ijazi elincane le-beige, izithombe ezinjalo ngezingubo zengwe ziyizintokazi futhi zinhle kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zezingubo zengwe, kusuka ekufakweni kuya ekusikeni okuxekethile, zihlala zifanelekile. Kodwa-ke, izinkambiso ezinjengama-asymmetry noma amahlombe ahlisiwe, kanye namafriji, azamukeleki ezingutsheni ezinjalo futhi azivamile kakhulu.
Iziketi zemfashini namabhulukwe anezimbobo zokuphamba ezithombeni
Ukhohlwe ngokuphelele mayelana ne-leggings yengwe, manje esimweni amabhulukwe anezilwane eziphrintiwe u-2019-2020 ukusika okuqondile ngokunyuka okukhulu. Ubude obufinqiwe namabhulukwe aqhakazile ahambelana. Amabhulukwe esikhumba anombala ongaphambili angaba amamodeli wenyoka kuphela.
Ngokwesitayela seziketi bekukhona ezinye izinketho. Ngisho namamodeli ama-denim amafushane aprintwe ingwe azoba nemfashini. Ukubukeka okune-Stylish ngesiketi sepensela le-petticoat kubukeka kunokunethezeka, kanti phezulu kufanele kukhethwe ngombala ocacile.
Kukhona iziketi ezimbalwa zamanoni ezidla izambane likapondo; ezona zinde kunazo zonke ezinde kakhulu ziseyi-midi. Izinhlobo ezihlotshiswe futhi ezifakwe ngaphandle kokuhlobisa okwengeziwe kunoma iyiphi inhlanganisela izobukeka ihlaba umxhwele futhi i-megastile.
Isimo sabantu nenhlobo yezinhlobo
Njengamanje, inani lezingwe zasolwandle liyizilwane eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-400. Lolu uhlobo lwesithathu ngobukhulu lwezimpawu zamanzi ze-Arctic futhi ngokusobala azibhekene nokuqothulwa. Yingakho izingwe zasolwandle zinikezwa isimo esithi "Okuxakile Okungakhathazeki".
Ingwe yolwandle iyisisulu esiqinile nesiyingozi. Enye yezimpawu ezinkulu emhlabeni, lesi silwane sihlala emanzini abandayo e-subantarctic, lapho sisebenzisa kakhulu izilwane ezinegazi ezifudumele ezihlala esifundeni esifanayo. Impilo yalomhlaseli ngokuqinile incike hhayi kuphela kunanini labazizisulu ezijwayelekile, kepha futhi nasekuguqukeni kwesimo sezulu. Futhi yize kungekho okusongela inhlala-kahle yengwe yolwandle, ukufudumala okuncane kakhulu e-Antarctic kanye nokuncibilika okwalandelayo kweqhwa kungenzeka kungabi nomthelela omuhle kakhulu kubantu bakhona futhi kubeke engcupheni ubukhona balesi silwane esimangalisayo.
Ukubonakala kwengwe yolwandle
Ingwe yolwandle ingeyomndeni uphawu, futhi ungummeleli omkhulu walesi zinhlobo. Ubukhulu balesi sidlwengu buyahlaba umxhwele - ubude bomzimba wesiduna ngamamitha amathathu, insikazi ifinyelela kumamitha amane.
Isisindo sicishe sibe yingxenye yethoni kwabesifazane futhi cishe singama-270-300 kg. emadodeni. Njengoba ubona, izinsikazi azikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngomusa, kodwa kunesisindo uma ziqhathaniswa nabesilisa. Kodwa, ngaphandle kobukhulu obunjalo, umzimba wengwe yolwandle unamafutha amancane kakhulu angaphansi.
Umzimba omkhulu unesimo esilinganiselwe, esivumela ukuba sikhule ngesivinini esiphezulu emanzini. Izinyawo ezinde ezinamandla nezinamandla, kanye nokuguquguquka kwemvelo, zisebenzela injongo efanayo.
Ukwakheka kukakhonkolo kuthambile, okwenza kufana nenhloko yezilwane ezihuquzelayo.Emlonyeni wengwe kunemigqa emibili yamazinyo abukhali anama fangs afinyelela ku-2,5 cm. Umbono nephunga lithuthukiswa kahle, azikho ama-auricles.
Leli tywina, empeleni, lalibizwa ngokuthi ingwe ngandlela thile ngombala walo - amabala amhlophe ngokulandelana atholakala kwesikhumba esimnyama esingwevu. Isisu sikhanya, futhi iphethini yamabala kuso, kunalokho, imnyama. Isikhumba ngokwaso siminyene kakhulu, uboya bufushane.
Ulwandle iLeopard Habitat
Ingwe yolwandle ihlala e-Antarctic, kuwo wonke umkhawulo weqhwa. Abantu abasha babhukuda eziqhingini ezincane ezihlukile emanzini angaphansi komhlaba futhi bangaba khona nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Izilwane zithanda ukuhlala ogwini lolwandle futhi zingabhukudi ziqonde olwandle, ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokufuduka.
Ubumnandi obaluleke kakhulu ingwe yolwandle ama-penguins
Ngokuqala kwezingwe zasebusika ezibandayo zibhukuda emanzini afudumele eTierra del Fuego, Patagonia, New Zealand, Australia. Esiqhingini esikude kakhulu esihlalwa abantu - i-Easter Island, kwafunyanwa imisindo yokubakhona kwalesi silwane. Lapho isikhathi sifika, izingwe zihlehlela emuva eqhweni lazo lase-Antarctic.
Indlela Yokuphila Kwasolwandle
Ngokungafani nezihlobo zawo ezizi-seal, ingwe yolwandle ithanda ukuhlala yodwa, kunokuba ibuthane ngamaqembu amakhulu ogwini. Bancane kuphela abantu ngezinye izikhathi abangakha amaqembu amancane.
Abesilisa nabesifazane abaxhumana nganoma iyiphi indlela, ngaphandle kwalezo zikhathi lapho kufika isikhathi sokuzalelwa. Emini, izilwane zilala phansi eqhweni ngokuzithoba, kuthi lapho sekufika ebusuku zingene emanzini ukuze zidle.
Ekuzingeleni kwama-penguins, ingwe yolwandle ingagxumela emhlabathini
Ingwe yolwandle, emanzini ayo asendaweni ithathwa njengenye yezidlamlilo eziyinhloko nezikhulu. Ngenxa yekhono lokuthuthukisa isivinini esingama-30-40 km / h emanzini, amandla okuntywila ekujuleni kwamamitha angama-300 kanye nekhono lokugxuma liphume emanzini, lesi silwane sasolwandle sizenzele udumo lwengwe yangempela.
Izitha zemvelo zezingwe zasolwandle
Isithombe: Ulwandle iLeopard e-Antarctica
Akulula ukuhola impilo ende futhi enempilo e-Antarctic, kanti izingwe zolwandle zinenhlanhla yokuthi zingagcinanga nje nokudla okuhle kakhulu, kepha futhi nokungabi bikho ngokuphelele kwezidlamlilo. Ama-killer whales okuwukuphela kwezilwane zasendle ezisungulwe yilezi zimpawu. Uma lezi zivivinyo zikwazi ukubalekela ulaka lwe-orca, zingaphila iminyaka engama-26. Yize izingwe zasolwandle zingezona izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, zingaphila isikhathi eside esimangazayo, zinikezwe indawo yazo enkulu nesivunguvungu. Ngaphezu kwemikhomo yokubulala, angazama ukuzingela abantu abancane yengwe yolwandle: oshaka abakhulu futhi, mhlawumbe, uphawu lwezindlovu. Amachaphaza esilwane angama-2,5 cm.
Umzamo wokutadisha lezi zidalwa ungaba yingozi, kwesinye isikhathi kuyaziwa ukuthi ingwe yasolwandle yabulala umuntu. Akugcinanga lapho, udokotela wezilwane zasolwandle osebenza eBritish Antarctic Service waminza ngemuva kokudonswa kwakhe ngophawu cishe ngamamitha angama-61 ngaphansi kwamanzi. Okwamanje akucaci ukuthi ngabe ingwe yolwandle yayihlose yini ukubulala isazi sezinto eziphilayo, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, iyisikhumbuzo esisangulukisayo sesimo sangempela salezi zilwane zasendle.
Lapho zizingela ama-penguins, ingwe yasolwandle izungeza amanzi emaphethelweni eqhwa, icwile ngokuphelele ukucwiliswa emanzini, ilinde izinyoni ziye olwandle. Ubulala ama-penguin okubhukuda ngokubamba imilenze yabo, bese enyakazisa le nyoni ngamandla bese eshaya umzimba wakhe ebusweni bamanzi kuze kufe ipenguin. Imibiko yaphambilini yokuthi ingwe yolwandle ihlanze inyamazane yayo ngaphambi kokuba ibondliwe kuthathwe njengengalungile.
Ulahla amazinyo adingekayo ukusika inyamazane yakhe ibe yizicucu, uphakamisa inyamazane yakhe isuke ngapha nangapha, ayidabule ibe yizingcezu ezincane. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-krill idliwa ukumunwa ngokusebenzisa amazinyo esibonakaliso, okuvumela izingwe zasolwandle ukushintshela izitayela zokondla ezahlukahlukene. Lokhu kuvumelana okungafani nakho kungabonisa ukuphumelela kwensiza kuhlelo lwe-Antarctic ecosystem.
