I-Monoclone : "ibhungane elinophondo olulodwa"
Isikhathi sokuba khona: ukuphela kweCretaceous - cishe izigidi ezingama-70-65 zeminyaka edlule
Isigcawu: Izinkukhu
Isizinda: Izindlela zokwelapha
Izici ezejwayelekile zabelaphi:
- uhambe ngemilenze emine
- udle imifino
- Izimpondo nezimbobo zamathambo zazigqokwa ekhanda
- isikhumbuzo saphela ngomlomo onjengepholior
Ubukhulu:
ubude - 3 m
ukuphakama - 1,5 m
isisindo - 500 kg.
Umsoco: dinosaur herbivorous
Kutholakele: Ngo-1914 Canada

Igama "monoclone" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "ibhungane elinophondo olulodwa." Idayinaso ithole leli gama ngoba yona - ngokungafani nezinye izihlobo zayo ezingama-ceratopsid - yayinophondo olulodwa. Ngaphezu kwophondo, i-monoclone yayinomlomo ofana nomlomo wopholi, kanti ikhola yayinezihlangu. Ikhola ivikele indawo esengozini kakhulu - intamo. Imizimba yabo yayimfushane, inesimo esiyindilinga, imi ngokuqinile emilenzeni emifushane emine. Umsila mncane. Amehlo e-monoclone ajulile. Amazinyo ahlelwe ngemigqa: lokhu kubonisa i-herbivore yedayinaso. Ngokwentuthuko nezindlela zokugqoka izinyo, ososayensi bahlulela ukuthi imihlathi ibisebenza njengesikhafu, isika amahlamvu abe izingxenye ezincane. Isikhumba sama-dinosaurs anezimpondo misi, siqukethe amasimu amaningi angajwayelekile we-polygonal.

UMonoclone wayehlala eNyakatho Melika ekuqaleni kweCretaceous. UMonoclone waphila ngemuva protoceratops, kodwa ngaphambili kakhulu kunezinye izinhlobo zama-ceratops. Wayeyisidina esidla ubhedu ehola indlela yokuphila yomhlambi. Imihlambi enokuthula yezinkulungwane ezingama-monoclone yagcwala osebeni lwamachibi, lapho kwakukhona khona ukudla okwengeziwe ababekudinga.

Isikhumba esiphelele kunazo zonke satholakala ngonyaka we-1914 ngesikhathi sokuphuma kweMnyuziyamu wase-New York American Museum of Natural History. Izidumbu zaziseCanada, e-Alberta. Uhlobo lwe-monoclone lwalubalulekile kwisayensi ngoba lalivumela ukucacisa umqondo wokubukeka jikelele kwama-ceratops.

Monoclonius

Monoclonius (lat., ngokoqobo - ihlumela elilodwa) luhlobo lwama dinosaurs we-herbivorous avela emndenini we-ceratopsid. Izidumbu zitholwe emcabangweni wesikhathi se-Upper Cretaceous (iminyaka eyizigidi ezingama-83.6-70.6 eyedlule), futhi ngokokuqala ngqa ku-Judith River Fform (eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingama-77-75 eyedlule) yesifundazwe saseMontana (USA).

Umlando wokucwaninga

Izinsalela zokuqala zezinsalela Monoclonius atholakala ngu-Edward Cope noCharles Sternberg ehlobo lika-1876. Izinsalela zezinsalela zazakhiwe ngophondo lwamakhala olungamamitha angama-325, okuyingxenye yekholaji yangaphakathi enamaphethelo amakhulu, imihlathi eminingana, ama-vertebrae nezinsikazi ezimbili, konke lokhu kutholwa kwenziwa ezindaweni ezahlukene. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka we-1889 kuphela, uCope wanikeza incazelo Monoclonius njengesidina esisha esinophondo olunophondo olulodwa ekhaleni lwaso nekhola yakhona enezimbobo. Ngo-1895, ngenxa yezizathu zezezimali, uCope waphoqeleka ukuthi athengise iningi leqoqo lakhe eMnyuziyamu Wezemvelo WaseMelika, ngomphumela wokuthi wonke amasampula Monoclonius zithole izinombolo zokusungula ze-AMNH. Ngo-1912, uBarnum Brown wathola i-skull eyayinophondo olubunjiwe lwangaphambili (isampula i-AMNH 5239), eyabekwa yodwa ngo-1914.

Kusukela ngo-1914, izimpikiswano zesayensi mayelana nobunye bezisebenzi ziqala Monoclonius futhi I-Centrosaurus. Ngo-1933, uRichard Sven Lally wachaza ugebhezi olusha oluvela e-Alberta (isampula i-AMNH 5341), waludlulisela ohlotsheni I-Monoclonius flexus, nenye inhlobo ye-skull (CMN 348), ngenkathi iqamba kabusha umbono Centrosaurus apertus at I-Monoclonius apertus. Ngo-1937, umhloli wamazwe uCharles Sternberg esifundazweni sase-Alberta (eCanada) wathola isigaxa esigcwele e-Alberta, okwamanje okuyiyo kuphela yohlobo lwayo. Ngo-1940, Ch. M. Sternberg, kulandela isiko elisunguliwe, waqamba ezinye izinhlobo ezimbili zezinhlobo zezinkukhu ezintsha - Monoclonius lowei (isampula i-NMC 8790) ne I-Monoclonius longirostris (isampula CMN 8795).

Ngo-1997, isazi se-Canadaontontologist saseCanada uScot Samson senza ukuhlaziya kwe-phylogenetic kwe-ceratops yaseMontana futhi sabona ukuthi isisekelo holotype I-Monoclonius crassus mncane [ yiphi? ] isampula futhi ngenxa yalokho ilahlekelwa yiqiniso. Kusukela ngo-2006, umcwaningi uMichael Ryan waphakamisa uhlobo lolo hlobo Monoclonius cabanga nomen dubium, futhi zonke izinhlobo zabonwa njengezigaba ezahlukahlukene zokukhula kohlobo olulodwa Centrosaurus apertus (kususelwa ekutheni izingxenye ezithile zitholakele, kepha akukho thambo eliphelele). Noma kunjalo, Monoclonius isabhekwa njengohlobo oluzimele, kepha inhlobo yezinhlobo zayo selivele zabelwe olunye uhlobo, noma zithathwa njengezinokufana kwezinye izinhlobo zohlobo Monoclonius.

Ama-Ceratops

Ama-Ceratops (ngesiLatini "ubuso obunamaphondo") - ama-dinosaurs amakhulu, anamaqhubu, nophondo luveza ekhaleni (futhi kwesinye isikhathi hhayi nje kuphela) nokholayi wethambo onobuntu. Njengombana umashiqela athatha ubhubezi lwebhubesi ngemvelo ye-Mesozoic, ne-sauropod ehlala indlovu, ama-ceratopsops asebenzisa isithombe sobhejane - i-herbivore, kodwa nokho esenolaka futhi esishisayo, avele ngensimbi eshintshashintshashintshashintshashintshi futhi ngokushesha ashesha ukuya ku-butt. Okufanele ukwenze: ngokusobala, babefana nje.

Kufanele wazi ukuthi ngokwe-phonetics yesiLatini, amagama athi “ceratops” kanye nezinto ezithathwe endaweni ethile kubekwa kwa-A. Kodwa-ke, ngesiRussia, ngenxa yezimo zemvelo, kuvame ukudlulela kwisilabhili sokugcina - ngisho uNikolai Nikolayevich wayehlanjalazwa endaweni ebizwa ngokuthi "Walk with Dinosaurs". Kodwa-ke, kubonakala sengathi "ama-trizeratops" "angokwemvelo" - "noma iyiphi" protocerat "izobukeka ingokwemvelo kunoma ngubanimayelanaps. "

Incazelo

Kukholakala ukuthi ama-monoclonies afinyelela ku-5.5-6 m ukuphakama ngesisindo esingu-2-2.3 t. Ngokubukeka, ayabonakala I-Styracosaurus, Brachyceratops, futhi I-Pachyrhinosaurus. Isici yigebhezi (ubude 75-80 cm) elinophondo olulodwa olukhulu ekhaleni, ikholaji yasekhaleni inezimpawu "ezinkulu izingwegwe" ezinkulu ezingxenyeni ezingaphezulu. Izimpondo eziphakeme zincane kakhulu futhi azifinyeleli kosayizi obalulekile. Imihlathi ayikwazanga ukuhlafuna ukudla, kepha yaphakama futhi yavumelana nokugaya izitshalo ezinzima. Imilenze yale dinosaur yayimfushane futhi inemisipha.

Indlela yokuphila nendawo

Kwahlala amathafa. Ukutholwa kwezinsalela eziningi eCanada kuvumela abacwaningi ukuthi basikisele lokho Monoclonius kwakuyizilwane zomhlambi futhi zihamba ngamaqembu amakhulu. Sasidla imifino engaphansi.

Le ndawo insimu yezifundazwe zesimanje ezisenyakatho nentshonalanga ye-United States kanye nezifundazwe zaseCanada eziwela umngcele.