NgoFebhuwari 17, 2020, 8:01 | Uma ubuza ukuthi kuyini i-kiwi, iningi lizocubungula lo mbhalo futhi uphendule ngokuthi wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi i-kiwi iyisithelo esinsundu nesiphundu phesheya enenyama eluhlaza okotshani. Omunye uzokhumbula isikhwama se-kiwi. Kepha kuvela ukuthi lezi zithelo zaqanjwa kanjalo ngumfuyi waseNew Zealand u-A. Ellison ukuhlonipha inyoni encane ehlala eNew Zealand, ngokufana kwazo kwangaphandle.
I-Kiwi bird iyindalo eyingqayizivele yemvelo futhi ihlala eNew Zealand kuphela.
Le nyoni eyingqayizivele ayinamaphiko futhi ngenxa yalokho ayindiza, futhi esikhundleni sezimpaphe zayo inabo ... uboya.
Ama-Kiwis akafani nezinye izinyoni, hhayi ngokubukeka kuphela, kodwa nemikhuba. Ngenxa yalokhu, isazi sezilwane uWilliam Calder - uWilliam A. Calder III wababiza ngokuthi "izilwane ezincelisayo ezihlonishwayo."
Sekuyisikhathi eside ososayensi bebuza ukuthi kungani le nyoni ibizwa nge- kiwi. Kunombono wokuthi leli gama laqhamuka ngesikhathi sokukhumbula isikhathi, lapho izakhamizi eziphambili zaseNew Zealand zingabamele abantu bomdabu - abakwaMaori, abalingisa ukuqothuka kwezinyoni, besho into efana ne "cue-cue-cue-cue". Futhi, mhlawumbe kwakuyi-Maori onomatopoeia kuphela eyabiza inyoni leyo, eyaphenduka inyoni yezwe laseNew Zealand kanye nesifanekiselo sesihle salesi siqhingi.
Uhlobo lwesibili lwahanjiswa phambili ngabasebenza ngezilimi. Baphakamise ukuthi igama elithi kiwi, libhekise enyakatho efudukayo eyiNumenius tahitiensis ebusika eziqhingini zoLwandlekazi olushisayo lwePacific futhi inomlomo omile nomhlophe ngombala onsundu, abafuduki bokuqala abafika eNew Zealand nabo badlulisela ezinyangeni ezitholakala eNew Zealand.
Kwake kwenzeka eNew Zealand kwakungekho izilwane ezincelisayo noma izinyoka, kodwa kwakungezinhlobo ezingama-250 zezinyoni.
Ososayensi babuye baxabana ngemvelaphi ye-kiwi. Kuthiwa u-Kiwis uhlala eNew Zealand okungenani iminyaka engama-40-55 million. Ucwaningo lokufakwa kwasendulo luveze imfihlo kososayensi - amadlozi ama-kiwi akwazi ukundiza. Futhi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi bafika eNew Zealand bevela e-Australia.
Ekuqaleni, ososayensi babekholelwa ukuthi amadlozi ama-kiwi ayizinyoni zasendulo ezanyamalala ze-moa. Kepha ngemuva kokuhlolisiswa kahle kwezakhi zofuzo okwenziwa ngazo zonke izinyoni ezingenabhanoyi, abacwaningi be-ornithological bathola ukuthi iDNA ye-kiwi isondelene kakhulu ne-DNA ye-emu ne-cassowary.
Kiwi - Apteryx - ukuphela kohlobo lwama-ratites emndenini - i-Apterygidae nokulandelana kwama-kiwiformes, noma angenantambo - ama-Apterygiformes.
Igama lohlobo lwe-Apteryx uqobo livela esiGrekini sasendulo - "ngaphandle kwephiko." Kuhlobo, izinhlobo ezinhlanu kuphela zezinyoni zaseNew Zealand.
Usayizi we-kiwi, cishe usayizi wenkukhu efuywayo. Ukukhula kwabo kusuka ku-20 kuye kuma-50 cm. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Umzimba wenyoni unesimo sethanga. Entanyeni emfishane kunekhanda elincane elinomude omude, kusuka ku-10 kuye ku-12 cm omncane, uguquguqukayo, ubuhlalu obugobekile kancane, emaphethelweni lawo kukhona okonakala. Izinti ezinomsindo zitholakala olimini phansi koqhwaku, ezibhekele ukuthinta nokubona.
Amehlo mancane, hhayi ngaphezu kuka-8 mm ubukhulu.
Imilenze yeKiwi inamandla futhi iqinile, inezihluthu ezine. Isisindo sazo sicishe sibe yingxenye yesithathu yesisindo sonke sale nyoni. Ngenxa yezinzwane eziphakeme, ama-kiwi awabambeki enhlabathini enamakhaza. Umunwe ngamunye unezinhlaka eziqinile ezibukhali. Ngenxa yokuthi imilenze ye-kiwi ihlukene kakhulu, lapho igijima, inyoni ibukeka imbi. AmaKiwi musa ukugijima ngokushesha. Amathambo e-kiwi asindayo, ngoba awanemizimba yomoya.
Izimpiko zalezi zinyoni ezimangalisayo azivelwanga, zisencane yazo futhi azidluli ku-5 cm. Kepha, lapho izinyoni ziphumula, zifihla amakhanda azo ngaphansi kwephiko. UQiwi akanamsila.
U-Kiwi unamehlo angaboni kahle, kepha ukuzwa okuhle, nomqondo wokuhogela ungcono kunazo zonke izinyoni emhlabeni.
Umzimba we-kiwi umbozwe iplamu, ohluke ngokuphelele kwizimpaphe futhi ubukeka njengejazi elide elithambile ngombala ompunga noma onsundu. Lolu boya bufaka iphunga lamakhowe amasha, aveza ukuthi kukhona inyoni ezitheni zayo. Ama-Kiwi ahlala unyaka wonke, isembozo esivuselelwa njalo sivikela inyoni emvuleni, iyisize ilondoloze izinga lokushisa lomzimba elinethezekile, okuyinto ebonakala kakhulu ezincelisayo kunezinyoni futhi icishe ibe ngu +38 C.
AmaKiwi, njengommeleli wekati, ane-vibrissae, okuyizimpondo ezincane ezibucayi. Azikho kulezi zinyoni emhlabeni ezinokunye okufana nalokhu.
Ama-kiwi anenkumbulo enhle futhi akhumbula okungenani iminyaka emihlanu ezindaweni lapho esenkingeni.
AmaKiwi ahlala emahlathini omswakama ohlale unomhlabathi omanzi, ahlala eduze kwamaxhaphozi.
Ku-1 km 2 kusuka ezinkulwaneni ezimbili kuya kweziyisihlanu kungaphila.
Ntambama bagibela emigodini, babambe izimbobo noma ngaphansi kwezimpande zezihlahla. Inyoni ingashiya indawo yayo yokukhosela phakathi nosuku kuphela uma kwenzeka ingozi.
UKiwi ufaka umgodi wakhe emavikini ambalwa emva kokumbiwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukungena komgodi kugcwele imicu notshani kanti nendawo yokuhlala yenyoni iba yinto engabonakali. Kwesinye isikhathi inyoni ngokwayo ihlanganisa umnyango ngamagatsha nangamahlamvu amadala.
I-kiwi enkulu grey ihlomisa umgodi wayo ngokuphuma okuningana, okufana nomsele. Yonke eminye imigodi ye-kiwi ilula.
Kepha endaweni eyodwa, i-kiwi ingaba nezimbobo ezingama-50, inyoni ezishintsha nsuku zonke.
Entwasahlobo yobusuku nasekuntathweni kweNew Zealand, amaphimbo e-kiwi azwakala kahle. Ezindaweni ezivikelwe, futhi okungekho kuzo izilwane ezidla ezinye, i-kiwi ingabonakala ntambama.
Ama-Kiwis agada indawo yawo, angabangela ukulimala okukhulu ezitheni ngezinselo zawo ezibukhali. I-Aggression kiwi, njengomthetho, ibukisa ebusuku. Futhi abesilisa banolaka ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuyalela. Okokuqala, owesilisa uxwayisa isitha ngokumemeza bese kuphela ukuhlasela. Ukulwa phakathi kwabesilisa kungaqeda ekufeni komunye wabo.
Umbhangqwana owodwa wohlobo lokuzala ungangena endaweni yokuzalanisa ukusuka kuma-2 kuye ku-100 ha.
Imingcele yesakhiwo se-kiwi ikhonjiswa ngabamemezeli abasatshalaliswa kumakhilomitha amaningi, futhi angaya kwenye i-kiwi kuphela ngemuva kokushona komnikazi wangaphambilini.
Kusihlwa, i-kiwi iya ukuzingela.
Ama-Kiwis ayizinyoni ezinhle kakhulu. Ukudla kwabo okuningi kwenziwa ngezibungu, kanti kuzo kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-180 eNew Zealand. Ezinye izibungu zifinyelela ubude bengxenye yemitha.
Ngokuvamile, i-kiwi ibizwa ngokuthi "ukuduma" kwezinambuzane. Ngokungezelela kubo nezibungu zabo, izinyoni zidla ama-crustaceans, ama-mollusks, izinhlanzi zamanzi ahlanzekile, amasele, izinyoka ezincane, amajikijolo, izithelo, imbewu ehlukahlukene, amakhowe, amaqabunga ezitshalo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uma ufuna izibungu nezinambuzane, ama-kiwis aqala umhlabathi ngezinyawo zawo, abese egxilisa uqhwaku lwawo olude kuwo bese ekhipha inyamazane.
Lapho bephuza i-kiwi, bacwilisa uqhwaku lwabo emanzini, bese bephonsa amakhanda abo emuva bese begaxekile emanzini.
U-Kiwis angahlala ezindaweni ezomile, ngokwesibonelo, esiqhingini saseKapiti. Amanzi atholakala ezinhlanzini zomhlaba ezinamanzi, angama-85% amanzi.
Ama-Kiwis ayizinyoni ezinyantisa igazi, akha amahlandla ngababili iminyaka eminingana, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ngempilo.
Ngenkathi yokuzalela, eqala ngoJuni kuya kuMashi, owesilisa nowesifazane bahlangana emgodini njalo ezinsukwini ezintathu. Eminye imibhangqwana ihlala ndawonye. Futhi kwenzeka ukuthi ama-kiwis ahlala ngamaqembu amancane. Ngemuva kwemaviki lamatsatfu, insikazi ibeka iqanda.
I-Kiwi insikazi ibeka iqanda elilodwa kuphela elinombala oluhlaza okotshani noma owendlovu. Kepha yeka! Kungaba ikota eyodwa yesisindo sowesifazane. Ama-65% amaqanda onke ahlala ku-yolk. I-Shell yamaqanda inzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke iphuphu kufanele lenze umzamo omkhulu ukuphuma ekukhanyiseni. Imvamisa inkukhu ikhethwa iqanda ezinsukwini ezintathu.
Owesilisa ubamba amaqanda. Isikhathi sokubopha sithatha izinyanga ezi-2,5. Ngezinye izikhathi insikazi ithatha indawo yeduna ukuze idle.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwenkukhu, i-kiwi yowesifazane iyamshiya kanti nenkukhu kufanele izinakekele. Inkukhu izalwa ingagcineki ngokuqinile futhi ayimbozi ngokuphelele ngoboya, kodwa ngamapayipi. Ngosuku lwesithathu uvuka ame ngezinyawo, ngolwesihlanu uphuma endlini yokukhosela lapho abazali bakhe bamshiye khona. Izinsuku eziningana uphila ngokulondolozwa kwe-yolk engadingeki futhi akadingi ukondliwa okwengeziwe. Futhi ngosuku lwe-10-14 amachwane aqala ukuzingela. Kuthatha amasonto ayi-6 ukufunda ukuthi zingakuthola kanjani ukudla kwazo.
Kepha bakwenza ntambama, ngakho-ke ama-90% amachwane avelayo afa ngenxa yamazinyo nabazingeli. Ukusinda amachwane kushintsha indlela yokuphila yobusuku. Abesilisa bafika ebuntwaneni ngesikhathi esisodwa nesigamu, kuthi abesifazane babe neminyaka emithathu. Izinyoni ezincane ngokuphelele zivuthwa ngeminyaka engama-5-6. Futhi uma kungekho ozibambayo, ziphila iminyaka engama-50-60. Ngalesi sikhathi, insikazi ingazalela amaqanda ayikhulu, kuthi amantshontsho ayo angaba yi-10 avuthwe.
UKiwis uhlala eNew Zealand kuphela.
Kuhlala iNingizimu Island, kukhona izimpunga ezinkulu nezimvi ezinkulu ezingasentshonalanga.
I-kiwi encane grey noma ebonakalayo esikhathini sethu ihlala esiqhingini saseKapiti, yize isuka lapho ihlala kwezinye iziqhingi eziqhelile.
URowey noma i-Okarito, i-brown kiwi yakhonjwa njengohlobo olusha ngo-1994. Le nyoni ihlala endaweni elinganiselwe ogwini olusentshonalanga yesiqhingi saseNingizimu yeNew Zealand. I-kiwi ejwayelekile noma iSouthern, brown, uhlobo olujwayelekile kakhulu lwe-kiwi. Ihlala ogwini lweSouth Island. Ine-subspecies eminingana.
Izinhlobo zase-Northern brown zihlala izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zeNyakatho Island.
Ngeshwa, amanani alezi zinyoni ezinhle ehla minyaka yonke. ENew Zealand, eminyakeni engamakhulu ambalwa edlule, kuye kwaba nezinyamazane eziningi ezisuselwa kumhlaba eziziswe ngabantu. Futhi manje i-kiwi inezitha eziningi, lezi zingamakati, ama-ermins, izimpungushe, amathuba, i-ferrets, izinja, abantu abangathembekile.
Kukhona "abathandi abangajwayelekile" abathi noma besuka ezindaweni ezivikelekile bantshontsha i-kiwis ngemizi yabo yangasese. Uma umuntu onjalo ebanjiwe, uzobe esekhokha inhlawulo enkulu, kwesinye isikhathi bangahlala iminyaka eminingana ejele.
Njengamanje, le nyoni ibhalwe ku-Red Book.
Ngo-1991, uhlelo olusha lweKiwi Lokubuyisela, i-Kiwi Refund Program, laqala ukusebenza eNew Zealand.
Ngenxa yalolu hlelo, inani lamachwane afinyelela eminyakeni yezinyoni ezindala selikhulile. U-Kiwis naye waqala ukuzala ekudingisweni, wabe esephinda futhi waziphinda eziqhingini. Inani labazingeli eliqothula izinyoni ezindala, amachwane namaqanda lithathwe ngaphansi kokulawulwa.
AmaKiwis eNew Zealand avezwa lapho kungenzeka khona, ngokwesibonelo, ngezinhlamvu zemali, izitembu nokunye. AmaKiwis ahlekisa abizwa ngokuthi amaNew Zealanders uqobo.
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