Ukhozi olumnyama lumelela uhlobo lwe-Eagles-ovid, olunomzimba omkhulu, kodwa omile kanye noqhwaku oluncane. Unamaphiko amade kakhulu nomsila omude. Izimpaphe zinamaphiko, nezinzipho ezinde, kepha zigobile kuphela. Lesi sici sibonisa izinyoni ezidlekayo eziqongweni zezihlahla.

Ekhanda kukhona i-crest encane eyenziwe ngezimpaphe ezikhombe.

Amapayipi okhozi olukhulu olumnyama tshokolethi omnyama, onsundu kuya kumnyama, imvamisa udambisa izimpaphe zesibili nezimpaphe zamahlombe. Inani elincane elimhlophe liyabonakala ku-nadhvost ngesimo sendawo encane.

Umsila nezimpaphe zamaphiko ezinemivimbo grey kuma-webs angaphakathi. Ibala elimhlophe esihlakaleni esihlanganayo. UBrown iris. I-wax kanye nemilenze ophuzi. Izinkozi ezisencane zinenqwaba yombala onsundu onsundu. Izimpaphe zomqhele wekhanda, emuva kwekhanda nokuncane emuva ngamathiphu ansundu.

Ikhanda ezinhlangothini linsundu wegolide. Isifuba esinemiphetho emnyama, nemivimbo emnyama ikhona ezimpapheni zomsila. Izimpiko nezimpaphe zomsila azihlanganiswa ngokusobala kunasezinkozi ezindala. Amehlo ansundu.

Imikhondo Emnyama Yokhozi

Izinkozi ezimnyama zihlala ezindaweni ezinamagquma nezintaba kufinyelela kumamitha angama-3100 ngaphezulu kogu lolwandle, lapho amahlathi akha khona ngaphansi kwama-50% ale ndawo.

Izinyoni ezidla imvamisa zivame ukutholakala emaphethelweni amahlathi, emigodini nasezindaweni lapho ukubuyiselwa kwamahlathi kwenzeka khona. Ngaphandle kwalesi sici, izinkozi ezimnyama zithanda amahlathi anethawula elingene kahle.

Ukusabalala kokhozi olumnyama

Isakazeka isuka ePakistan iye eMoluccas. Kule ndawo ebanzi yezindawo, kubhekwa izingqinamba ezi-2. Ictinaetus malaiensis perniger ihlala enyakatho yeNdiya, itholakala phakathi kwamagquma aseHimalaya, kanye naseningizimu yeNdiya.

Kuhlala i-Orissa, eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga Ghats, eSri Lanka. I-M. M. Malaensis isatshalaliswa eBurma, eningizimu, enkabeni naseningizimu mpumalanga yeChina, iMalay Peninsula, iziqhingi zaseBolshoi naseGenset, Sulawesi naseMoluccas. Mhlawumbe futhi eBanggai naseziqhingini zaseSulu.

Ukuzalanisa okhozi olumnyama

Isikhathi sokudlekwa kwezinkozi ezimnyama sincike esifundeni: Ukuzalelwa kwezinyoni ngoNovemba-Januwari eningizimu yeNdiya, ngandlela thile kamuva, engxenyeni esenyakatho ye-subcontinent, ngo-Ephreli - Agasti eJava, ngoJulayi eSulawesi, nango-Agasti eSumatra.

Benza izindiza ezingenamikhawulo.

Ngenkathi yokuzalela, izinkozi zibonisa indiza ebabazekayo, lapho amaphiko egoqwa khona ukuze amathiphu awo athinte umsila, enza ulwelwesi olufana nolwakhe nenhliziyo, ngenkathi ehla ngesivinini esikhulu, bese ephakama futhi.

Izinkozi ezimnyama ngababili ziyajaha phakathi kwezihlahla zehlathi, zisebenza ngekhono elikhulu phakathi kweziqu.

Ukhozi olumnyama lubheka inyamazane, indiza luye phansi ngaphezu komhlaba.

Bakha isidleke esikhulu esilingana namasentimitha angama-90-1,20 ngokuvamile emqheleni wesihlahla esihlumayo esikhula onqenqemeni lomthambeka obheke esigodini. Imibhangqwana imvamisa ine izidleke ezimbili ezibekwe endaweni eqhele ngamakhilomitha. Ukulungiswa kwe-Nest kuqala izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngaphambi kokubekwa kwamaqanda.

Izinto zokwakha eziyinhloko zingamahlamvu amancane. I-lining yakheka ngamahlamvu aluhlaza. Insikazi ibeka iqanda elilodwa, akufani kabili, kepha ikakhulukazi ngenkathi ebandayo eyomile. I-Shell yamaqanda in nsundu noma i-mauve.

Ukudla okokhozi olumnyama

IBlack Eagle isebenza ngokukhethekile ekunikezeni amaqanda nam amaphuphu amancane, ayithola eziqongweni zezihlahla. Ukudla akugcini lapho, izinyoni zezinyamazane ezibamba inyamazane, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, amasele, amalulwane, izinambuzane ezinkulu.

Izinkozi ezimnyama zivame ukuphanga kuma-squirrels nama-macaque.

Babheka nezisulu zomhlaba, okubandakanya izilwane ezincelisayo ezifika kusayizi wegundane elikhulu namachwane ezinhlobo zezinyoni zomhlaba. Ngelinye ilanga ukhozi olumnyama lubamba izindiza ezinamakati amancane naphakathi namalulwane.

Lokhu kudla kususelwa emaqanda ezinyoni nasezindlekeni ezidlekeni.

Isimo sokulondolozwa kokhozi olumnyama

Yize ukhozi olumnyama lusakazekela endaweni yangakini futhi ngokungalingani kuyo yonke indawo yalo yokuhlala, ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo alunazo izinsongo ezinkulu.

Ubuningi obukhulu bezinyoni ezidla lolu hlobo lubonwa ezintabeni zaseBurma naseningizimu yeChina. Lolu hlobo lunobubanzi obukhulu bokusabalalisa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, alusondeli umkhawulo wobuningi bezinhlobo ezisengozini.

Yize isibalo sezinyoni ezidla imfuyo ziqhubeka ukwehla, ukwehla akukholwa ukuthi kushesha ngokwanele. Ngalesi sizathu, izinhlobo zilinganiswa njengokusongela okuncane. Ukuwohloka kwendawo okuhlala kuyo nokukhanya kwamahlathi yizizathu eziphambili zokwehla kwenani lezinkozi ezimnyama.

Uma uthola iphutha, sicela ukhethe ucezu lombhalo bese ucindezela I-Ctrl + Faka.

(Spizaetus tyrannus)

Sisatshalaliswa kusuka eCentral Mexico ukuya empumalanga yePeru, eningizimu yeBrazil kanye nenyakatho yeArgentina, lapho ikhetha ukuhlala khona emahlathini anomswakama omanzi, eduze kwemifula, kanye nakwezinye izinhlobo ezithile zehlathi.

Ukhozi olumnyama oludwetshwe lupende ikakhulu lube mnyama. Ngasohlangothini olungaphakathi lwamaphiko kukhona imichilo emhlophe eshintshashintshayo. Izimpiko zibanzi, hhayi zinde kakhulu, ezisiza lokhu ukhozi ukuhamba phakathi kwezihlahla. Umsila mude futhi umfishane, unemivimbo engu-4 ebanzi egreyayo. Ubude bomzimba bungu-58-70 cm, nobunzima obungu-0.9-1,3 kg.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukhozi olumnyama olunyakazisiwe lumele okuncane kakhulu ngohlobo lwalo, noma kunjalo lungasinqoba isilwane esikhulu futhi esiqinile. Ukudla kwayo kufaka izilwane ezifana ne-phenums, izinkawu ezincane, izinduku ezinkulu, namalulwane nezinyoni, kubandakanya ezinkulu kakhulu njenge-toucans ne-gokko.

Kuncane okwaziwayo ngokuzalaniswa kwale nyoni. Kuyaziwa ukuthi isidleke siqukethe amahlumela amancane futhi singamamitha ayi-1 ububanzi. Sitholakala emiqheleni yezihlahla ezinde eziphakeme cishe ngamamitha ayi-15.

(Spizaetus melanoleucus)

Kusatshalaliswa kusuka eningizimu yeMexico (i-Oaxaca neVeracruz) eningizimu enqamula eMelika Ephakathi kuya enyakatho yeArgentina. Ayitholakali empumalanga yeBrazil. Kuhlala imvula yanoma yiluphi uhlobo. Ezintabeni inyuka ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1200 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ubude bomzimba bungama-50-60 cm, isisindo somzimba cishe singama-850 g.Ikhanda, intamo nomzimba kupendiwe kumhlophe. Indawo ezungeze amehlo namaphiko imnyama. Kukhona ikamu elincanyana elimnyama ekhanda. Umsila uhlotshiswe ngemichilo emnyama edlulayo. I-rainbow orange, imilenze iphuzi ngozipho abamnyama, umlomo omnyama ngomuthi ophuzi ophuzi. Ngaphandle, abesilisa nabesifazane kuyafana, kepha insikazi kukhulu.

Idla izilwane ezincelisayo ezahlukahlukene, amasele, izinyamazane nezinyoni. Okuthandwa kunikezwa ezinhlotsheni zezihlahla zezinyoni (i-oropendola, i-arasari, i-tanagra, i-kotinga), kepha futhi kungahlasela umhlaba ne-waterfowl (tinamu, zachalaka, cormorant, merganser waseBrazil). Kwesinye isikhathi ihlasela izinkawu ezincane. Ngesikhathi sokuzingela, wehlela phezu kwethango lasehlathini, esebonile inyamazane, usheshe wehle ayobamba izigaxa zayo. Kwesinye isikhathi ubheka isisulu egatsheni lesihlahla elenga emaphethelweni ehlathi.

Wakha izidleke emiqheleni yezihlahla ezinde, eziqongweni zamatshe nakwezinye izindawo lapho izinkundla zokuzingela zibonakala kahle. Ezimweni eziningi, isikhathi sokudlekwa kwezindlu siqala ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi yemvula.

(Spizaetus ornatus)

Sisatshalaliswa kusuka eningizimu yeMexico kuya eningizimu ngeMelika Ephakathi kuya ePeru naseNyakatho ne-Argentina, kutholakala naseziqhingini zaseTrinidad naseTobago. Ihlala emahlathini anomswakama omanzi, ezindaweni eziphansi nasezintabeni, njengomthetho, endaweni ephakeme kuze kufike kwamamitha ayi-1200 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Le nyoni edla inyama ingamasentimitha angama-58-67 ubude, enamaphiko angama-90-120 cm, abesilisa banesisindo esingama-0.96-1 kg, izinsikazi - ama-1.4-1.6 kg.Inomsuka obukhali obonakalayo ophakama lapho inyoni ishaqekile, inomlomo omnyama, amaphiko ububanzi nomsila omude oyindilinga. Umuntu omdala unombala ongaphezulu omnyama nomqhele, isifuba esikhanyayo ezinhlangothini zentamo nesifuba, simhlophe umphimbo enkabeni yesifuba. Amanye amapayipi, kufaka phakathi emilenzeni, amelelwa imivimbo emnyama nomhlophe. Emsileni, lemivimbo ibanzi. Izinyoni ezincane zineplamu emhlophe ekhanda, i-grey corst, amaplamu ansundu ngenhla, namapayipi amnyama ansundu emsileni. Benza ikhwela elibhobozayo, elifana ne- "woo-woo-woo."

Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obuncane, ungumhlaseli onamandla amakhulu. Inyamazane yokhozi oluhle ingasiphinda kashlanu isisindo sayo. Ukudla kusekelwe kwizinyoni ezahlukahlukene ezinesisindo esisukela ku-180 g kuya ku-8 kg (upholi, imihuzuko, imifantu, izigwaca zasehlathini, imifino eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amajuba, amakhethini). Idla nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezincane (kinkaju, agouti, squirrels, amagundane, izinkawu ezincane), izibankwa ezinkulu nezinyoka. Ukudla kungakudla bobabili emhlabathini futhi kuhlale egatsheni lesihlahla.

Ezimweni eziningi, isikhathi sokuzalela sihlala ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Meyi, kodwa kungahluka ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Bobabili abazali babamba iqhaza ekwakheni isidleke. Lesi sidleke sakhiwa ngamagatsha futhi sifakwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza, ububanzi baso buyi-1-1.25 m kanye nobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-50. Lesi sidleke sitholakala ngemfoloko yesihlahla eside endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-20 kuya kwengama-30. Izinkozi ezivelele kahle zisetshenziswa izidleke zazo iminyaka eminingana. Ku-clutch kuneqanda elilodwa elimhlophe noma elimhlophe, abathi bobabili abazali bafukamele izinsuku ezingama-48. Amachwane ancike ezinsukwini ezingama-66-93, emva kwalokho owesimame ayeke ukuzinakekela bese owesilisa ebanakekela bonke. Amakati ahlala nabazali bawo izinyanga ezingaba ngu-12. Izinkozi ezihlotshisiwe zizalela njalo eminyakeni emi-2.

(Spizaetus isidori)

Ihlala emahlathini asezintabeni asezansi kwe-Andes ukusuka enyakatho yeArgentina kuye enyakatho ngeBolivia, Peru, i-Ecuador, neColombia kuya eVenezuela. Ibanjelwe endaweni ephakeme ye-1800-2500 m ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-63-74, amaphiko asuka ku-147-166 cm. Ingxenye ephezulu yomzimba nekhanda lalesi silobe kudwetshwe mnyama, isifuba nesisu zinsundu, umsila ulula ngomugqa omnyama ekugcineni.

Lesi sidlakudla esiqinile futhi esinamandla futhi sinamandla sibheka inyamazane ekundizeni okwandayo ngaphezulu kwesihlahla sehlathi futhi siyibambe ngophonsa iDemo. Kwesinye isikhathi kuthatha inyamazane emhlabathini. Isisulu saso siyizilwane ezincelisayo eziphakathi nendawo ezinesisindo esiphakathi, njengezinkawu, ama-sloth, amajazi kanye nama-squirrels, kanye nezinyoni ezinkulu - ikakhulukazi ama-kraks.

Izinhlobo zezinkozi zokulila zihlaba umxhwele ngosayizi futhi zifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1 ukuphakama kanye nobubanzi obungaphezu kuka-2 m. Lesi sakhiwo sakhiwe phezu kwesihlahla eside kakhulu cishe kumagatsha aphilayo aminywe yinyoni. Ukwakhiwa kwe-Nest kwenzeka ngoFebhuwari - Mashi, amaqanda abekwa ngo-Ephreli - Meyi. Ku-clutch, imvamisa kakhulu i-1 ephuzi elimhlophe elinamaqabunga amaqabunga amaqanda. Amachwane afakwa ngu-Agasti-Septhemba.

(Nisaetus cirrhatus)

Sisatshalaliswa ukusuka eNdiya naseSri Lanka ngaphesheya kweSoutheast Asia kuya e-Indonesia nasePhilippine Islands, ikhuphuka ezintabeni ifinyelela ku-1,500 m ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-60-72, isisindo esingu-1,3,9 kg, ama-wingspan ayi-127-138 cm. Ingaphezulu linombala onsundu, ikhanda nentamo kuvame ukuba buffyy ngemisipha emide yobude, isifuba simhlophe ngemisipha emise okwehla, amaplamu emilenzeni agcwele imithende eguqukayo. Kukhona ama-morphs anombala omhlophe omhlophe futhi omnyama ngokuphelele, usayizi we-crest uhluka ngokwendawo - ukusuka kubude kuya cishe kungabonakali. Izinyoni ezincane zivame ukuba nezingubo ezilula nokugqekeza kaningi emaphikweni nasemsileni (zibonakala ngokucacile kusuka ngezansi ezindizeni). Uthingo lukhanya, u-wax ungwevu, imilenze iphuzi.

Ukhozi olungaguquki - oluhlala emahlathini, lukhetha ukuzingela emaphethelweni, alufane lukhuphuke kakhulu, luhlala lubheka inyamazane kusuka ekuhlaselweni. Ekudleni kunezinyoni ezinkulu, amasele, izibungu, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.

Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngoDisemba kuya ku-Ephreli.Izinduna zihlelwe emqhele wesihlahla mude endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-10-30 ukusuka emhlabathini. Kuneqanda elilodwa elimbala omhlophe ku-clutch. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingama-60, ukuzondla esidlekeni - cishe izinsuku ezingama-70.

(Nisaetus bartelsi)

Kuhlala imvula eshisayo yaseJava.

Le inyoni ephakathi nendawo, engaba ngama-60 cm ubude. Umbala womzimba ojwayelekile onsundu. Ikhanda, intamo nesifuba zibomvu, ingemuva namaphiko ansundu, umsila ulula kancane, unemivimbo ebanzi. Ekhanda kukhona ikamu elide elinesiphundu esimhlophe. Abesilisa nabesifazane bayabonakala ngokubukeka.

Izinkozi zaseJavanese eziklanyiwe ziyizinyoni ezikhohlakele. Owesifazane ubeka iqanda elilodwa esidlekeni esisendaweni ephakeme ngaphezu komhlaba emqheleni wesihlahla eside.

Idla kakhulu izinyoni, izibungu, amalulwane nezinye izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.

(Nisaetus alboniger)

Sisatshalaliswa enhlonhlo yeMalacca, iziqhingi zaseKalimantan naseSumatra. Kuhlala amahlathi avulekile ashisayo, kepha abantu besiqhingi bathanda amahlathi aminyene.

Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-51-58. Umzimba nekhanda elingaphezulu kumnyama, isifuba nesisu zimhlophe ngamabala amnyama amnyama. Emsileni kukhona imicu ekhanyayo ebanzi. I-crest imnyama.

Idla ikakhulu kwizibungu namalulwane. Ukuzingela inyamazane kusuka ohlangothini lwehlathi. Ungabona kaningi ukunyakazisa ngaphezu kwezihlahla.

Isidleke siyipulatifomu enkulu futhi ejulile yamagatsha amancane, etholakala emqheleni wesihlahla ovame ukubukeka ngaphezulu kwezinye izihlahla. Ugqoko lumbozwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza. Kuneqanda elilodwa ku-clutch.

(Nisaetus floris)

Sisatshalaliswa eziqhingini zase-Indonesia zaseFlores, Lombok, Sumbawa, ezokuqoqwa neqembu le-Lesser Sunda Islands. Ihlala ikakhulukazi emahlathini aqamba amanga, kepha ingakhuphuka ezintabeni ifinyelele kumamitha ayi-1600 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Lonke ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-75-79. Umzimba ongaphezulu namaphiko onsundu. Umzimba ophansi umhlophe, ikhanda limhlophe ngemithambo emincane ansundu. Umsila unsundu ngemivimbo eyisithupha emnyama.

Idla izinyoni, izibankwa, izinyoka nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane.

(Nisaetus lanceolatus)

Kusatshalaliswa esiqhingini sase-Indonesia saseSulawesi naseziqhingini eziseduze: Bud, Muna, Bangai naseSula. Ihlala emahlathini asezintabeni nasendaweni ephansi kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ubude bomzimba bungama-55-64 cm, ngamaphiko angama-110-135 cm. I-plumage yomzimba ophezulu imnyama-nsundu. U-Belly, okhalweni nasemilenzeni kumhlophe ngemivimbo emincane emnyama. Isifuba sibomvu ngemifula emnyama. Umsila unombala onsundu ngombala onemivimbo emnyama engu-3-4. Ezinyoni ezincane, umzimba ongaphezulu onsundu. Isifuba ekhanda, isisu, okhalweni kanye nemilenze kumhlophe. Esifubeni kukhona amachashazi amancane abomvu.

Idla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izibankwa, izinyoni nam amaphuphu azo. Isikhathi sokuzala sithatha ngoMeyi kuya ku-Agasti. Isidleke sakhiwe emqheleni wesihlahla mude.

(Nisaetus nanus)

Sisatshalaliswa eMyanmar, eThailand, ePhalamende laseMalacca, eSumatra naseKalimantan. Kuhlala amahlathi asezindaweni eziphansi nasendaweni eshisayo. Ibanjwa endaweni ephakeme efinyelela kumamitha ayi-500 ngaphezu kolwandle, akuvamile ukukhuphuka ifike ku-1000 m.

Ubude bomzimba bungu-45-59 cm, ngamaphiko ama-95-105 cm, isisindo esingu-510-610 g. Umzimba ongaphezulu onsundu onsundu, inhloko ibomvu ngombala omnyama, isifuba sinombala okhilimu ngemivimbo emnyama. Belly, okhalweni nasemilenzeni kumhlophe, kunemigqa emincane ngemisho emincane eshanyana emnyama. Amehlo nama-paws aphuzi, i-wax imnyama-mpunga.

Idla izinyoni ezahlukahlukene, amalulwane, amasele, ama-skinks nezibungu. Layisha kakhulu izithasiselo.

Isikhathi sokuzala mhlawumbe siqala ngoNovemba kuya kuFebhuwari. Izikhala zihlala ngaphakathi kwezindawo ezidlekayo unyaka wonke. Isidleke senziwa ngamagatsha aphezulu ngaphezu kwenhlabathi ngaphezulu kwesihlahla. Kuneqanda elilodwa ku-clutch.

(Nisaetus nipalensis)

Kusatshalaliswa eHimalaya kusuka eNyakatho neNdiya nasempumalanga yeNingizimu mpumalanga yeChina, Thailand, Indochina kanye nengxenye esenyakatho yeNhlonhlo yeMalacca, kutholakala naseJapan. Kuhlala amahlathi ahlala eqabile futhi axubekile. Ikhetha izindawo ezinentaba nezinamagquma endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-600 kuye kwangama-2800 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, yize esifundazweni saseChina iYunnan ibonwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4000, kanti eJapan - 200 m.

Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-67-86, amaphiko angama-130-165 cm, abesilisa banesisindo esingu-1,8-2,5 kg, abesilisa abango-3.5 kg.

Idla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Ama-hares angukudla okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwezilwane ezincelisayo; izinyoni zivame ukuzingela izinkukhu zamahlathi, amadada, ama-pheasants, futhi zivame ukuhlasela izinkukhu.Ubheka isisulu sakhe sisemgodini futhi siyibambe emhlabathini.

Isikhathi sokuzala eHimalaya siqala ngoFebhuwari kuya kuJuni, eJapan kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJulayi. Ngesikhathi sokuphola, izinyoni ziya phezulu esibhakabhakeni, zishona phansi bese ziphapha phezulu futhi. Isidleke sakhiwe phezu kwesihlahla sivela emagatsheni, kanti ugqoko lufakwe ngamahlamvu aluhlaza noma izinaliti. Ingafinyelela kububanzi be-1,8 m kanye nokujula kwamamitha ayi-1,2 ku-clutch, amaqanda ayi-1-2. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sithatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-80.

(Nisaetus kelaarti)

Kuthunyelwe eSouth-West India naseSri Lanka. Ihlala emahlathini asezingeni eliphakeme wezintaba njalo.

Phambilini bekuthathwa njengengxenye yokhozi oludliwe intaba, kepha muva nje seluhlukanisiwe njengezinhlobo ezizimele. Ihluka ngendawo yokuhlala nosayizi omncane.

(Nisaetus philippensis)

Ihanjiswe esiqhingini esisenyakatho nePhilippine iLuzon. Ihlala emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo nasendaweni ephakeme endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-0 kuye kwayi-1000 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ubude bomzimba buyi-50-63 cm, amaphiko ama-cm 47-125 cm, isisindo esingu-1.1-1.2 kg.

(I-Lophaetus occipitalis)

Kuhlala izindawo ezinkulu zase-Afrika ezishisayo eningizimu yeSahara, kusuka emahlathini emvula asezindaweni ezishisayo nama-savannah amvula kuya emahlathini egalari.

Ukhozi oluphakathi luphakathi naphakathi nosuku inyoni edla inyama. Ubude bomzimba busuka ku-50 kuya ku-58 cm. Iziduna zinesisindo esisuka ku-0.9 ziye ku-1.4 kg, izinsikazi zisuka ku-1,4 ziye ku-1.5 kg. I-plumage yomzimba ophezulu imnyama kakhulu. Uqhwaku limpunga emnyama, izinzwani ne-wax ziphuzi. Ezinyangeni zabobili ubulili, kuvela izimpaphe ezinde ekhanda. Igolide, i-orenji ukuze kube nemibala emibalabala ansundu. Izinyoni ezincane zinamapayipi amnyama ansundu kakhulu, imilenze imhlophe kakhulu ngemithende nsundu, umsila umncane futhi unemivimbo ephikisanayo.

Lo ngumzingeli ojwayelekile wokuhlala lapho, ehleli esihlahleni noma insika, ebheka inyamazane amahora amaningi emhlabathini. Umsoco uqukethe izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezinyoni zomhlaba. Kanye nalokhu, idla izinyamazane ezincane, izinyoka, izinhlanzi, izinambuzane kanye namakati, futhi futhi nezithelo ezingatheni.

INest yakhela ezihlahleni. E-clutch kunamaqanda ama-1-2 anama-brown acace ngombala onsundu. Insikazi ikakhulukazi ifaka ukwenziwa komzimba izinsuku ezingaba ngu-42. Izinkozi ezincane zizimela ngezinsuku ezingama-53-58.

(Stephanoaetus coronatus)

Indawo yokusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobonhlobo isuka eGulf of Guinea iye esifundazweni saseCape of South Africa, lapho okhozi luhlala khona amaswidi kanye nogwadule. Ezindaweni eziningi zokuhlala, le nyoni iyivelakancane, kodwa eKenya naseZaire, yande. Ihlala emahlathini aminyene futhi angavamile.

Lokhu ngokhozi olukhulu lwamahlathi ase-Afrika, ubude bawo bomzimba buyi-80-100 cm, amaphiko cishe angama-2 m, isisindo sisuka ku-3 kuye ku-6 kg. Isigaxa esimnyama segreyite nesibani esikhanyayo, esinemibala emihle yisambatho esihle sokufihla esivumela inyoni ukuba inganakwa kuze kube ngumzuzu ofanele. ICrowned Eagle ijikeleza imingcele yakhona, ixosha ezinye izinyoni ezinkulu ezidla inyama. Umemezela ubukhona bakhe kule ndima ngokukhala okukhulu. Ekhozi, lapho libona ukusondela kwengozi, izimpaphe zikhuphuka ngemuva kwekhanda.

Iyazingela ekuntweleni kokusa noma kusihlwa. Ubheka inyamazane yakhe, ihleli ingagudli esihlahleni, bese igijimela isilwane esingasinda kahlanu kunaye. Izinkozi zivame ukuzingela ngababili: kuyilapho inyoni eyodwa idonsela ukunaka inyamazane, eyesibili ihlasela buthule isuka ngemuva. Ukhozi aluthwali inyamazane enkulu kakhulu esidlekeni noma phezulu esihlahleni, lapho luyidla ngokuphelele, kanye namathambo. Ubeka isisulu esikhulu emhlabathini sibe yizicucu, athi ngokulandelana aqhamukele esihlahleni adle. Idla ngobukhulu obukhulu nobuphakathi, ikakhulukazi emincane nezinye izinyamazane ezincane, izinkawu, ama-mongooses, amadamu, izinduku ezinkulu, futhi kwesinye isikhathi kubamba izibankwa nezinyoka, kuyaqabukela izinyoni.

Izimbaza zihlala ndawonye iminyaka eminingi. Imvamisa yokuzalanisa onyakeni, qala isidleke eneminyaka eyi-4. Lapho kuqala isikhathi sezidleke, owesilisa udansa kuqala ukudansa.Uma insikazi ithande umdanso, khona-ke ijoyina umdansi. Izinyoni zibonakala zidlala ngazinye: insizwa indiza ibhekise kowesifazane, futhi welula izigqoko zayo phambili. Babopha izindwani zabo futhi benza iziqu ezinamandla emoyeni.

Izinyoni ezakha lo mbhangqwana ziqala ukwakha isidleke kusuka emagatsheni naku-brawwood. Isidleke sitholakala emagatsheni aphezulu esihlahla, lapho izinkozi ngemilomo yazo ziletha amahlumela amancanyana, futhi ziphethe amafindo aminyene emilebeni yazo. Isidleke esiqediwe sakhiwe ngotshani obuluhlaza obuluhlaza. Ukwakhiwa kwesidleke, okufinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5-2 ubukhulu, kuvame ukuhlala izinyanga ezinhlanu. Izimbungulu ezinomqhele unyaka nonyaka zisebenzisa cishe izinyanga ezintathu kulungiswa futhi kunwetshwa isidleke, esihlala sikhula ngosayizi futhi sivame ukufinyelela ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili ububanzi namamitha amathathu ukuphakama. Ngesikhathi sesomiso, insikazi ifukamela amaqanda ama-2, bese iduna limlethela ukudla, ngezikhathi ezithile limbuyisela esidlekeni. Hatching ihlala cishe izinsuku ezingama-50. Yinye kuphela inkukhu esindayo esifweni. Owesifazane ugada ingane ngenkuthalo, uvame ukuhlasela ngisho nomlingani wakhe, oletha ukudla. Ngemuva kwamasonto ayi-11, i-fluff emhlophe yenkukhu ithathelwa indawo kancane kancane izimpaphe. Futhi kusukela emavikini ali-15-16, iphuphu selivele likhona ephikweni. Inkukhu endizayo iyaqhubeka incike kubazali bayo. Ama -icks azalwa empumalanga ye-Afrika athola inkululeko ngemuva kwabalingani babo abavela eNingizimu Afrika.

(I-Polemaetus bellicosus)

Sisatshalaliswa kuyo yonke i-Afrika engaseningizimu yeSahara futhi ayikho ezindaweni ezihlala emahlathini kuphela eningizimu neNingizimu Afrika. Ihlala emahlathini avulekile, ama-savannah anamahlathi, izihlahlana, ezivame ukutholakala ngaphandle kwamahlathi. Gwema amahlathi emvula aminyene.

Umhlane, intamo namaphiko kumnyama onsundu, kanti isisu simhlophe ngamabala ansundu, abizwa kakhulu kubantu besifazane kunabesilisa. Amehlo aphuzi. Ukhozi lwempi oluhleliwe lunokuma okumi mpo, kanti nekhanda cishe lihambisana nezihlava ezibukhali. Imisipha enamandla ibonakala esifubeni. Izinsikazi zikhulu kancane futhi zisindayo kunabesilisa, okuyisilinganiso sazo esingama-75% kuphela abesifazane. Ubude bomzimba kusuka ku-78 kuye ku-96 cm, kube ngamaphiko kusuka ku-188 kuya ku-227 cm, isisindo 3-6.2 kg.

Izinkozi zempi zidla ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane nezincane ezihlala emhlabeni, ngokwesibonelo, izinkukhu ezahlukahlukene, izintshe ezincane, izingwamza, amankonyane, izingwe zamanzi, ukufakwa kwezinsizwa, izikhulu, amadamu, iziloba, izinyoka, izibankwa, ukuqapha izibankwa, kanye nezifuywayo. izilwane ezinjengezinja, izimbuzi kanye namatakane ezimvu. Musa ukwenqena ukudlela nokuhlasela inyamazane. Idabula isisulu esikhulu sibe izingxenye futhi siyithwalela esihlahleni, noma kunjalo, iningi lezisulu linesisindo esingama-5 kg. Izingela ikakhulu ezindizeni, zizungeze ngaphezu komhlaba. Lapho ibona isisulu, ivele ihlehle ngokushesha. Kwesinye isikhathi ibheka inyamazane, ihleli egatsheni lesihlahla eside. Izinyoni, njengomthetho, zibamba phansi zibambe isihlahla, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ziyakwazi ukubamba indiza.

Amabhuzi wezinkozi zempi anebanga elingaphezu kuka-1000 km². Amabili ngababili esidlekeni esingamakhilomitha angama-50 ukusuka komunye nomunye, okuyisibalo esiphansi kakhulu sokuhlala phakathi kwazo zonke izinyoni emhlabeni.

Isikhathi sokukhwelana sithatha ngoNovemba kuya kuJulayi futhi siyahluka phakathi kwalesi sikhathi ngokuya ngobubanzi bendawo. Insikazi yakha isidleke cishe sodwa. Imvamisa itholakala ngemfoloko emagatsheni noma ekhoneni eliphansi lesihlahla, ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-2 ububanzi nangu-1.5 m ukuphakama. Lapho isiqeda isidleke, insikazi ibeka iqanda elilodwa le-beige ngamabala ansundu, anesisindo esingaba ngu-190 g. kusuka kumaviki ayisithupha kuya kwayi-7. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezintathu nengxenye, ukhozi oluncane lwenza imizamo yalo yokuqala ukundiza, kodwa okwesikhashana luhlala eduze kwesidleke somzali. Eseneminyaka eyisithupha kuya kweziyisikhombisa, ekugcineni uthola iplamu yabantu abadala.

(I-Hieraaetus morphnoides)

Ihanjiswe cishe kulo lonke elase-Australia naseNew Guinea. Kuhlala amahlathi akhanyayo, amahlathi asogwini kanye nemithombo yehlathi. Gwema amahlathi aminyene.

Ukhozi oludlekayo inyoni enesitoko enekhanda elibanzi. Ubude bomzimba 45-55 cm, amaphiko acishe abe ngu-120 cm.Umbala uhluka kakhulu ukusuka ekukhanyisweni kuye kumathoni amnyama. Abesilisa nabesifazane bafana ngombala, kepha abesifazane bakhulu.

Lesi silo esidala kakhulu esihamba phezulu komhlaba ngenkathi sizingela noma sifuna inyamazane evela emagatsheni esihlahla noma ezihlahleni. Idla izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, izinyoni nezilwane ezihuquzelayo, ngaphezu kwalokho idla izinambuzane ezinkulu kanye ne-carrion. Ngokuqala konogwaja e-Australia, bavame ukuba ngumthombo wokudla omkhulu kunayo yonke.

Ukhozi lwe-hawk lwase-Australia lubeka isidleke salo emqheleni wesihlahla esiphilayo esivuthiwe. Amagatsha kanye ne-brigwood zisebenza njengezinto ezibonakalayo, ugqoko luboshwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza, kwesinye isikhathi lusebenzisa izidleke zezinye izinyoni. Amaqanda, njengomthetho, abekwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba, ekubekweni kwamaqanda ama-1-2. Isikhathi sokufakwa emzimbeni sithatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-37. Izinkukhu zibopha ngemuva kwamaviki ayi-8.

(I-Hieraaetus ayresii)

Sisatshalaliswa ngezikhathi ezithile emazweni aseningizimu yeSahara e-Afrika: sisuka eSierra Leone, eLiberia, empumalanga ye-Ivory Coast ukuya e-Ethiopia, eKenya, eSomalia naseningizimu enyakatho ye-Angola nasenyakatho-nasempumalanga yeNingizimu Afrika. Kuhlala amahlathi aminyene, amahlathi asogwini, imiphetho yamahlathi, amahlathi, kwesinye isikhathi kungatholakala emaphethelweni amadolobha. Ngenkathi yemvula, izinkozi eziningi zishiya amahlathi aminyene aseCentral Africa futhi zifudukela eningizimu ziye ezindaweni ezivulekile kakhudlwana.

Ubude bomzimba bungu-46-55 cm, amaphiko cishe angama-120 cm, kanti isisindo somzimba singama-685-1045 g. Owesifazane mkhulu ngokwedlula owesilisa. Ukhozi lwe-Hawk ukhozi lunomsila omude onemigqa, okuyi-crest encane ekhanda nasemaphikweni amancanyana. Isidumbu esingaphezulu simnyama-onsundu, intamo, isifuba nesisu simhlophe ngemisundu emnyama. Umbala wezinyoni ezincane ubonakala kalula.

Efuna ukudla, wehlela phezulu esibhakabhakeni, futhi futhi angalinda inyamazane ehleli egatsheni lesihlahla. Ebona isisulu, wehle masinyane phansi. IStreptopelia kanye namajuba bakha ingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwaso, liphinde lisebenzise ezinye izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane: ama-squirrels, izinyoni ezinamaphiko, onogwaja kanye namagundane.

Isikhathi sokuzala senzeka ngezikhathi ezihlukile zonyaka, kuya ngendawo yokuhlala. Isidleke sibeka umqhele wesihlahla esikhulu, ugqoko luboshwe ngamahlamvu aluhlaza. Kuneqanda elilodwa ku-clutch. Isikhathi sokufuduka sithatha izinsuku ezingama-35-43. Amathanga ashiya isidleke izinsuku ezingama-73-75.

(I-Hieraaetus wahlbergi)

Sisatshalaliswa e-Afrika engaseningizimu yeSahara, engekho nje oPhondweni lwase-Afrika, eCongo Basin naseningizimu enkulu yezwekazi. Izinkozi eziningi zeWalberg zihamba amabanga amade, ziqhubekela eningizimu ngoJulayi - Septhemba nasenyakatho ngoFebhuwari - Mashi. Abanye abantu benza isithombe sokuphila esimisiwe, noma benze izindiza ezincane eceleni kwekhwetha. Ihlala emahlathini avulekile, amasoseji enkuni, amahlathi asogwini kanye namahlathi, ngokuvamile eduze nemifula. Gwema amahlathi aminyene nezingwadule. Ibanjelwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-1800 kuya kwangama-2800 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-53-61, amaphiko angama-130-146 cm, isisindo somzimba esingu-437-845 g. Imibala iyahlukahluka ibomvu ibomvu ibe nsundu, bese kutholakala abantu abakhanyayo. Ingubo yangaphansi ingwevu, amehlo ansundu, ama-paws ne-wax aphuzi.

Idla ikakhulu izimbungulu, izinyoka, izinduku ezincane, amadamu, amalulwane, izinyoni, izinyoni zasogwini, izikebhe zezikhova, izikhova, amachwane wezinyoni ezahlukahlukene, kwesinye isikhathi idla amasele, amabhungane, izintethe namahlume. Ibheka inyamazane ngezengezo. Umhlatshelo wenele emhlabathini, noma kwesinye isikhathi ungaxosha izinyoni endizeni.

Ukhozi lwakwaWalberg luyinyoni enkulukazi. Kuyo yonke insimu, isikhathi sokuzala sithatha ngoSepthemba kuya kuFebhuwari, kuphela empumalanga ye-Afrika kusuka ngoJulayi kuya kuLwezi. Isidleke sakhiwa umqhele wesihlahla esikhulu (i-baobab, i-acacia, i-eucalyptus) endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-8 kuya phezulu ngaphezu komhlaba, imvamisa eduze kwedamu. Ingamasentimitha angama-45-80 cm futhi i-25-60 cm ukujula; ugqoko luboshwe ngamahlamvu aluhlaza. Insikazi ibeka iqanda elilodwa elimhlophe ngamachashazi amnyama. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuhlala izinsuku ezingama-44-48. Imikhaza ifunga ngezinsuku ezingama-62-80.

(I-Hieraaetus pennatus)

Enyakatho nentshonalanga ye-Afrika, izidleke ezisesilinganisweni esisemngceleni ogwini lwe-Atlantic nolwandle iMedithera ukusuka eMorocco empumalanga kuya eTunisia, hhayi ukuhlangana ngaseningizimu kwe-High Atlas kanye nezifunda maphakathi neTunisia.E-Yurophu, uhla lukhona ngezikhathi ezithile; iningi labantu lihlala e-Iberian Peninsula kanye nezindawo ezimaphakathi neFrance ngasenyakatho ziye e-Ardennes. Izidleke ezihlukile ziyatholakala eGrisi, eNyakatho neTurkey, eBulgaria, eRomania, eSlovakia, eMoldova, eBelarus nase-Ukraine. Ensimini yaseRussia, ihlalisa ezindaweni ezimbili ezingayodwa zohla lwayo - entshonalanga engxenyeni yaseYurophu empumalanga kuya ezifundeni zaseTula naseTambov, empumalanga e-Altai, Tuva, Baikal naseTransbaikalia. ENingizimu yemingcele yaseRussia kuhlala izidalwa eTranscaucasia, e-Asia Ephakathi, eNyakatho-mpumalanga yeMongolia naseNyakatho neNdiya. Ekugcineni, kunabantu abahlukile abahlala eCape futhi mhlawumbe neNamibia eningizimu ye-Afrika.

Izakhamizi zaseNdiya, enyakatho yePakistan kanye neziqhingi zeBalearic zihlala phansi, ezinye azifuduki. Inqwaba yezinyoni zaseYurophu iqhubekela e-sub-Saharan Africa, ikakhulukazi e-savannah nasehlathini-steppe. Abanye abantu bahlala eningizimu yeYurophu, ikakhulukazi eMallorca, kanye naseNyakatho Afrika naseMiddle East. Abantu baseMpumalanga bathuthela esifundeni saseNdiya. Ekuhambeni kwezikhala ezivulekile abazigwemayo, izithiyo zamanzi zithanda ukuwela ezindaweni ezincanyana - iGibraltar neBosphorus. Ezindaweni eziningi, ezindiza ngoSepthemba, kubuya ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli. NgoMashi, izinyoni ezidla eningizimu eseningizimu ye-Afrika ziqhubekela enyakatho enyakatho yeCape neNamibia, bese zibuyela ezindaweni zazo zokuhlala ngo-Agasti.

Esikhathini sokudlekwa kwemvelo, ihlala engxenyeni eseningizimu yendawo ehlathini, i-steppe-steppe ne-steppe, lapho ihlala khona ezindaweni ezinamaqabunga angavamile, angahlanganisi futhi axubekile anamahlathi aphezulu anezikhala eduze nezikhala ezivulekile, ezivame ukuba nezikhukhula. Itholakala ethafeni, kepha imvamisa ikhetha indawo enamagquma nezintaba ezinezitshalo ezinamabala noma izihlahlana, lapho inyuka ifinyelela kumamitha ayi-3000 ngaphezu kolwandle. I-biotope ekahle yokwakha izidleke ihlathi lom-oki elomile elisegqumeni. Uma kungekho hlathi olukhulu, ukhetha amaqembu amancane ezihlahla ezinde, imvamisa emaphethelweni amaswidi, ezindaweni ezivulekile noma emifuleni yezikhukhula. ENingizimu Afrika, kuhlotshaniswa namagquma amile enomzwangedwa - abantu abangaphandle, kanye neKarru Plateau enamahlane, lapho ichela khona phakathi kwezihlahlana eziqhelile nezihlahla ezimile. Ebusika, ukhetha izimo ezifanayo, ikakhulukazi i-savannah ne-steppe steppe.

Ukhozi oluncane ngobukhulu nezilinganiso zomzimba kufana nezinambuzane ezincane, kodwa nokho lubukeka njengokhozi. Ngenxa yomunwe wesithupha (izimbungulu zinamahlanu), ihlombe libukeka libanzi futhi likhulu ngokwengeziwe. Indiza ibuye ifane kakhulu nendiza yezinye izinkozi - emgqeni oqonde ngqo, nokushayela ngokushesha kanye nokuntweza okungatheni. Lapho uhambisa phezulu, umugqa wangaphambili wephiko ugobile kancane, njengakumahliki - ingxenye ejabulisayo yephiko iqondiswa phambili futhi ingxenye ye-carpal iqondiswe emuva, okudala umbono wokuthi iphiko lingavulekile ngokuphelele. Ngaphezu kosayizi bebonke, umehluko osuka ezinkozi ezijwayelekile ungamaphiko amancane nomsila omude omude.

Ubude bomzimba bungamasentimitha angama-45-53, amaphiko angaba ngu-100-132 cm, kanti isisindo licishe libe ngu-500- 1300 g. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa, noma kunjalo, abahlukile ngombala kubo. Umsila ovela ngezansi uhlala ukhanya futhi ngaphandle kwemicu eshintshashintshayo. Uqhwaku, njengamanye amakhozi, lufushane kakhulu, lugobekile ngokuqinile, lumnyama. I-wax kanye neminwe kuphuzi, izipho zimnyama. I-yaw ifakwa emunweni. Ngombala, kunezinhlobo ezimbili, ezibizwa nge- "morphs" - zimnyama nokukhanya, futhi ukukhanya kuvame kakhulu. Kulula ukukhomba okhozi zohlobo olukhanyayo, ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo: zihlukaniswa ngenhla nsundu kanye nezansi emhlophe engcolile (amathuna amnyama akhiwa esifubeni nasemebeni Amehlo), ngaphansi okungaphansi kwephiko kuhluke kakhulu ngamaphiko amnyama amnyama. Izinkozi ezimnyama ze-morph zinombala onsundu ngaphezulu nangaphansi, zivame ukuba ne-tint yegolide noma ebomvu ekhanda, ejwayelekile okhozi. Lezi zinyoni ziyafana ngombala kwezinye izisulu ezinamakati aphakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi i-buzzard ejwayelekile kanye nekite emnyama.Izici ezihlukile zokhozi oluncane ziyikhanda elikhulu, uqhwaku olunamandla futhi icishe ibe yi-shaggy nemilenze eqinile.

Imilenze eqinile eneminwe emide eshisiwe, ukhozi olunamandla olungamaphiko namaphiko amancanyana avumela ukhozi oluncane ukuba luzingele ngokwanele, lufike kumvundla, nomdlalo ohamba ngokushesha. Ukudla kungukuhlukahluka kakhulu, ukuzibophezela ekuzingeleni kweqembu elilodwa noma elinye lezilwane kuncike kundawo. Ibamba izinyoni ezincane ezisezingeni eliphakathi naphakathi nempukane - amalobolo, ondlunkulu, izinkanyezi, amabloksi, izivunguvungu, amajuba, amabele nezinye, futhi ichitha izidleke zazo. Ezindaweni ezomile, ezihuquzelayo - izibankwa, ama-geckos, izinyoka - zakha ingxenye enkulu. Ubulala izinyoka ezinobuthi ngomlomo owodwa ekhanda, noma kunjalo, ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Asia nase-Afrika, kunamacala okufa noma okulahleka kombono kwibuhlungu benyoka. Ukusuka ezincelisayo kudlala njengama hares amancane, squirrels, amagundane, amagundane nezinye izinduku. Izinambuzane azidlali indima enkulu ekudleni, kepha kwesinye isikhathi isabelo sazo sifinyelela ku-20% wesisindo esiphelele - ngokwesibonelo, ama-termites angenye yezinto ezithandwa kakhulu ebusika. Kwesinye isikhathi ibuka inyamazane iqhamuka lapho ilala khona, ihlale egatsheni onqenqemeni lwendawo evulekile, noma, njenge-goshawk, indiza ngokushesha phakathi kwezihlahla ezingekho ngaphezulu komhlabathi, isabisa umuntu ongase abe yisisulu. Kwesinye isikhathi iyazingela endaweni evulekile kusuka kubude obukhulu, kepha kuyaqabukela kukhuphuke. Uma uqaphele inyamazane, yehlela ekuphakameni okungama-20-30 m, bese ihlehla ngokushesha. Isisulu sishaywa ngemikhonto ebukhali, sikhethe izingxenye ezisengozini kakhulu zomzimba - ikhanda noma intamo.

Ngokusobala, izinkozi ezincane zihlala zibuyela ezingxenyeni zazo zangaphambili ezidlekayo. Imibhangqwana ihlala ngasikhathi sinye ngokwehlukana, kepha entwasahlobo ihlangana emhlabathini minyaka yonke. Lapho esebuyile, abesilisa baziphatha ngendlela ebonisa ukubonwa - bakhuphukela kububanzi obungamamitha angama-500-800 endaweni evulekile eyindilinga, bakhuphuke imizuzu embalwa bese bewa phansi ngamaphiko abo, emva kwalokho baphinde bakhuphukele phezulu, kwesinye isikhathi benza loop efile. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinyoni ziziphatha ngomsindo, zikhipha ukukhala kokhozi okubonakalayo. Izinzwa ezivela emagatsheni namahlumela zihlelwe ehlathini eliseduzane nendawo evulekile, ngemfoloko esiqwini, okuvamisile ukuthi kube yigatsha lesihlahla elingamamitha ayi-5-18 ukusuka emhlabathini.

Isidleke sibanzi futhi sinetrayidi eyisicaba - sinobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-70-100 nobude obude obuyi-5- 10 cm. Womabili la malungu alo mbhangqwana athola lo mbhalo futhi awubeka endaweni yawo, ukwakhiwa okuqediwe kufakwa kulinalithi kaphayini notshani obomile ngonyaka odlule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengenyosi yezinyosi, izinyoni zivame ukufaka ungqimba lwamaqabunga aluhlaza esidlekeni. Imvamisa, esikhundleni sesidleke esisha, kusetshenziswa izidleke ezindala zezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama. Iqanda elilodwa noma amabili abekwa maphakathi no-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Amaqanda amhlophe, kwesinye isikhathi apende kancane noma apende okuluhlaza okotshani, anemibala e-brown or buffy. Ukuzikhulula kuqala ngeqanda lokuqala; insikazi ihlala kakhulu izinsuku ezingama-36- 38. Lapho kudonswa amanzi amachwane ambozwe nge-fluff emhlophe qwa, abe noxhago ophuzi ophuzi nemilenze, nothingo oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Isikhathi sokuqala ngemuva kokuqunjelwa, insikazi ihlala esidlekeni, ifudumeza inzalo, kuyilapho owesilisa esenza isisulu sokudla. Ekupheleni kukaJulayi noma ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti, phakathi kweminyaka yezinsuku ezingama-50-60, amaphuphu abalekayo ashiya isidleke, noma kunjalo, ayohlala eduze kwawo izinsuku eziningana. Amabhlogo ahlala kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-Agasti, emva kwalokho izinyoni ezincane kuqala nangemva kwamaviki amabili izinyoni ezindizayo zihamba zibusika.

(I-Lophotriorchis kienerii)

Ihlala ezindaweni ezishisayo zase-Indomalai zone. Uhlu oludwenguliwe olunabantu abaningi abangabodwa luhlanganisa i-Indian subcontinent, i-Indochina, iMalaysia, iNtshonalanga Indonesia nePhilippines. Izinyoni zihlala emahlathini ashisayo, ahlala eqabile, enomswakama.

Lokhu ukhozi oluncane olunobude obungu-46 kuya ku-61 cm kanye namaphiko angama-cm 105-140. Izimpiko zincanyana, zikhombe kancane. Umsila mude, uyindilinga kancane. Izinzwani nemikhono mide. Ezinyoni ezindala, wonke umzimba ongenhla umnyama, kufaka phakathi izinhlangothi zekhanda kuze kufinyelele iso. I-chin, umphimbo kanye ne-goiter kumhlophe. Amanye wonke umzimba ophansi, kanye nemilenze nokumbozwa kwamaphiko kunombala obomvu onsundu ngombala ngemisho emnyama ebanzi.Ngaphansi komsila namaphiko grey ngemivimbo emnyama edlulayo. Ekhanda kukhona i-crest encane. Imilenze iyizibalo ezinzwaneni. U-Beak umnyama, iso le-iris limdaka onsundu. Ama-wax nezinzwane aphuzi, iziphuphu zimnyama. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwanga. Ubungako bezamadoda zilinganiselwa cishe ku-81% kasayizi wezinsikazi.

Isisekelo sokondleka kwezinyoni ezincane nezinsayizi ephakathi nezincelisayo ezincane. Isisulu esidla imvamisa kwesinye isikhathi sivame ukubekelwa abamnyama ama-lofurs amnyama, ihlathi kanye nezinkukhu ezifuywayo, ama-partridge, ama-shingles, amajuba aluhlaza, amajuba asekhaya, ama-kingfishers nama-squirrels. Uma ufuna ukudla, kuvame ukwehla phezulu ngaphezu kwesihlahla sehlathi. Lapho selibonile inyamazane, yehle kakhulu phansi futhi liyibambe indiza, igatsheni lesihlahla noma emhlabathini.

Ukhozi lwama-hawk ukhozi lwakha kusuka emagatsheni isidleke esikhulu esinobubanzi obufinyelela ku-1,2 m nokuphakama okungafika ku-60 cm, ugqoko luboshwe ngamaqabunga aluhlaza. Esidlekeni, ukhetha umuthi omkhulu, ovame ukungabi nalutho, kusuka ku-25 kuya ku-30 ​​m ukuphakama. Kuneqanda elilodwa ku-clutch, ababekwa ngabazali bobabili.

(I-Aquila fasciata)

Sisatshalaliswe endaweni eshisayo nephansi ye-hemisphere esempumalanga: eningizimu ye-Europe, e-Afrika (ngaphandle kweSahara), i-Anterior, i-Central kanye ne-South Asia, esiQhingini SaseSunda Esincane. Ngokwesibalo esincane, itholakala ngezikhathi ezithile eCentral Asia isuka eTurkmenistan naseTajikistan eningizimu iya ezintabeni zeKaratau enyakatho. Izinkozi zoKlebe zihlala ezintabeni ezingasogwadule nasezintabeni ezimbozwe yimithi nezihlahla.

Ubude bephiko kusuka ku-46 kuya ku-55 cm, ubude bugcwele 65-75 cm, isisindo 1.5-2.5 kg. Umbala wezinyoni ezindala ohlangothini dorsal unombala onsundu, umsila ungwevu nephethini emnyama eshintshashintshayo. Uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lwe-hawk ukhozi lu-buffy noma lumhlophe ngombala omnyama omude kanye nemivimbo emnyama eshintshashintshayo ezimpaphe zomlenze ophansi naphansi. Izinkozi ezisencane ezisesembatho sokuqala sonyaka ohlangothini lwe-ventral zibomvu ngemivimbo evundile ku-goiter nasesifubeni, imichilo ebomvu ekhanda nasentanyeni. U-Rainbow ophuzi kubantu abadala, onsundu onsundu kwabancane. UBill ungwevu ompunga, iziphuphu zimnyama, izingwevu nezidladla ziphuzi. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa.

Idla izilwane ezincelisayo eziphakathi nendawo kanye nezinyoni - ama hares, onogwaja, amabala amgrey kanye namatshe, amajuba asendle, amagwababa (ama-jackdaws), njll. Ukhozi lubamba inyamazane ikakhulukazi emhlabathini, kepha futhi nasemoyeni, njenge-falcon.

Ukhozi olubi luhlala emadwaleni, luphansi, ezintabeni ezingenamsebenzi. Eduzane nesidleke akubekezeleli indawo hhayi kuphela yabanye abamele izinhlobo ezifanayo, kepha ayikho enye inyoni edla inyama. Ukusuka ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari kuya maphakathi no-Ephreli kuvame ukubeka amaqanda ama-2 (kuyaqabukela 1 noma 3). Ukuqhekeka, okuthatha izinsuku ezingaba ngu-40, kwenziwa ngenye indlela owesilisa nowesifazane, futhi izinyoni zivame ukuphendukisa amaqanda ngoqhwaku lwazo, zishiya ukuqhekeka kwazo ebusweni. Encane iba namaphiko eneminyaka engu-60-65 yezinsuku. Ubudlelwano babalingani buqine kakhulu, futhi bangahlala ndawonye kukho konke impilo. Ukuba seduze esidlekeni, abalingani ababili ngokulandelana bashona, benze ezinye izibalo, bedlala emoyeni.

(Aquila africana)

Sisatshalaliswa eNtshonalanga Ntshonalanga neCentral Africa kusuka eSierra Leone naseLiberia kuya e-Uganda, eZaire naseNyakatho-Ntshonalanga ne-Angola. Ihlala emahlathini ashisayo nasigalari endaweni ephakeme aze afike ku-2300 m ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ubude bomzimba buyi-50-61 cm, kanti isisindo ngu-0.9-1.2 kg. Umzimba ongaphezulu onsundu omnyama, umzimba ophansi umhlophe, imilenze imhlophe ngamabala amnyama, umsila unemivimbo emithathu ebanzi. Amehlo anombala ophuzi, ama-paws aphuzi ngokuphuzi, izilenge nomlomo wazo omnyama.

(I-Aquila spilogaster)

Sisatshalaliswa e-Afrika sisuka eSenegal naseGambia empumalanga eya e-Ethiopia naseSomalia naseningizimu engxenyeni esenyakatho-nasempumalanga yeNingizimu Afrika. Ihlala emafutheni aselwandle kanye namahlathi, ikhetha izindawo lapho kunamadwala anamatshe namachibi emifula enezinkuni. Igwema amahlathi alinganayo futhi aminyene, kanye nezindawo ezomile zaseNingizimu-Ntshonalanga Afrika. Ibanjwa endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1,500 ngaphezu kolwandle, yize kwesinye isikhathi ivela kumamitha ayi-3,000.

Ubude bomzimba obungu-55-65 cm, izimpiko ezinamaphiko angama-130-160 cm, isisindo samadoda ziyi-1.1-1,4 kg, izinsikazi ziyi-1,9-75 kg.

Idla izinyoni ezinkulu (i-guinea fowl, turuchi), futhi idla izinyamazane nezilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Ifuna inyamazane, izulazula emoyeni noma ihlala egatsheni lesihlahla. Isisulu singabanjwa sisuka emhlabathini futhi sibaleke.

Lezi izinyoni ezinyantisa igazi. Ukhozi lwase-Afrika lwakha isidleke kusuka emagatsheni ngemfoloko esihlahleni eside, kwesinye isikhathi emadwaleni nasezigobeni zikagesi, futhi sisebenzise izidleke zezinye izinyoni. Ububanzi besidleke bungamamitha ayi-1. Ku-clutch 1-2 amaqanda. Ngasenyakatho nekhwetha, ukwenziwa kwemashi kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba - Mashi, ezifundeni eziseningizimu ngo-Ephreli - Januwari. Isikhathi sokufuduka sithatha izinsuku ezingama-43-44, bobabili abazali bafaka amaqanda. Amathanga ashiya isidleke ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-73, futhi azimele ngokuphelele ezinyangeni ezi-3 emva kwalokho.

(I-Aquila chrysaetos)

Kusatshalaliswa ngezikhathi ezithile kuwo wonke ama-Holarctic. ENyakatho Melika, ihlala ikakhulu engxenyeni esentshonalanga yezwekazi ukusuka eBrooks Range e-Alaska eningizimu kuya esifundeni esimaphakathi saseMexico, kanye nangamanani amancane empumalanga yeCanada nase-USA. ENyakatho ne-Afrika, ihlala ezindaweni kusuka eMorocco empumalanga kuye eTunisia, kanye nasogwini loLwandle Olubomvu. EYurophu, ibanga lokudlela li-mosaic, ikakhulukazi elihlotshaniswa nezindawo zezintaba ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu naphakathi nendawo, eScotland, eNyakatho Scandinavia, eCaucasus, eTurkey (kufaka nengxenye yase-Asia), kanye namathafa aseBelarus, e-Ukraine, amazwe aseBaltic naseRussia. Kutholakala eziqhingini zoLwandle iMedithera - iBalearic, iCorsica, iSardinia, iSicily neCrete. E-Asia, isakazekela ngaseningizimu eSifundeni SaseSinayi, e-Iraq, e-Iran, e-Afghanistan, emithambekeni eseningizimu yeHimalaya, ezintabeni ezisenyakatho neMyanmar kanye nesifundazwe saseChina saseYunnan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlala esiqhingini saseHonshu saseHonshu futhi kungenzeka iHokkaido neShikoku. Kwenzeka cishe endaweni yonke yamahlathi eRussia (ngaphandle kwe-tundra yehlathi kanye nesifunda se-Amur).

Iphila impilo yokuhlala isikhathi eside. Kuphela ohlangothini olusenyakatho yebanga (cishe enyakatho yendawo yama-55) eRussia naseNyakatho Melika, lapho umdlalo, lapho izinyoni zizingela (ngokwesibonelo, ama-marmots) hibernate, ezinye zezinkozi zegolide zifudukela eningizimu ebusika, noma kunjalo kusale ngaphakathi kwebanga le-nesting noma ukusondela kwalo. Izinyoni ezincane zijwayela ukuhamba amabanga amade, zindiza ngaphambili kunabanye futhi ziqhele kakhulu. Izinkozi zabantu abadala zizama ukuhlala eduze kwezindawo ezidlekayo futhi, uma kunesidingo, zihamba kancane nje ziye eningizimu. Ezintabeni, izinkozi zegolide zenza ukufuduka okuqondile, zehlele ezigodini ezineqhwa kancane ebusika. ENyakatho Melika, ukufuduka ekwindla kuqala ngoSepthemba, kubuyela ezindaweni ezizaliswayo ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari nangemva kwalokho.

Ihlala emikhakheni ehlukahlukene evulekile nengxenye evulekile engavakashelwa ngabantu, kufaka phakathi i-tundra, i-tundra yehlathi, izindawo ezimbozwe izihlahlana, ama-trunk ama-coniferous amade kanye namahlathi axubile anezindawo ezivulekile. Ubuningi obukhulu bokuhlala bufika ezindaweni ezinamagquma nezintaba, lapho esikhathini sezidleke zitholakala ezigodini eziphakathi nasezindaweni eziphakeme zezintaba endaweni ephakeme efika ku-3600 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Emahlathini acacile, uvame ukukhetha “iziqhingi” ezigcwala izimila ezinamahlahla phakathi kwama-sphagnum bogs, emithambekeni yezigodi zemifula. Ukuze kwakhiwe isidleke nokuphumula, ukhetha izisekelo zamadwala ezinzima noma izihlahla ezinkulu ezinamagatsha anamanzi aqondile. Indawo yokudla isendaweni engamakhilomitha ayi-7 ukusuka esidlekeni - njengomthetho, lezi yizindawo ezinkulu ezivulekile ezihlalwa ngamahashe, izinduku kanye neminye imidlalo efanelekile - ngokwesibonelo, amachibi, izigodi zemifula, imigwaqo yokushiswa, izindawo ezishisiwe, ama-moorlands namadlelo. Ehlathini eliminyene, ukhozi lwegolide alunakuzingela - amaphiko amakhulu awavumeli ukuba lisebenze phakathi kwezihlahla.

Ukhozi olukhulu kakhulu futhi oluqinile - ubude bomzimba ziyi-76-93 cm, izimpiko ziyisi-180-240 cm.Izinsikazi zikhulu kakhulu kunabesilisa, isisindo sazo ziyahlukahluka zisuka ku-3.8 ziye ku-6.7 kg, kanti ezesilisa zisuka ku-2.8 kufika ku-4,6 kg. Uqhwaku ngokuvamile luyi-aquiline: ephakeme futhi icindezelwe kamuva, iconswe phansi.Izimpaphe ezisezintanjeni zixinene ngandlelinye - uphawu olutholakala nasemngcwabeni. Izimpiko zinde futhi zibanzi, zincane kancane esisekelweni nangasemunweni wangemuva, ukuze kuthi lapho zihamba, umphetho wangemuva wophiko ubonakale ugobile ngendlela yohlamvu lwesiLatini S, lesi sici saziwa kakhulu ezinyangeni ezincane. Umsila uyindilinga omncane futhi mude kunowamanye amakhozi ajwayelekile. Lapho izulazula, inyoni ibeka izimpaphe ngaphambili. Umbala weplamu lenyoni endala usuka ebumnyameni obumnyama uye onsundu omnyama ngezimpaphe zegolide ngemuva kwekhanda nentamo. Zombili izitezi zidwetshwe ngokufanayo. Izinyoni ezincane zivame ukufana nabantu abadala, kepha zihlukane ngamabala amnyama (acishe abe mnyama ngonyaka wokuqala) futhi zibe nezindawo ezimhlophe “zesiginali” ezinhlangothini ezingenhla nezingezansi zephiko, kanye nomsila okhanyayo onomugqa omnyama eceleni. Isambatho sokugcina esidlekeni sitholwa iminyaka engu-4-6, kancane kancane ngemuva kokuthathwa kwendala ngakunye. Amehlo anombala onsundu, uqhwaku lumnyama, i-waxen nemilenze iphuzi. Lapho kudonswa amanzi amachwane ambozwe ngombala omhlophe ngombala obumpunga, obufakwa esikhundleni esimhlophe obumhlophe. Amachaphaza anamandla, anezinhlaka eziqinile kakhulu, njengalezo ezinye izinkozi ezifakwe iminwe. I-post-nuparti molting inwetshwa ukusuka ngoMashi-Ephreli kuya kuSepthemba, kanti izimpaphe ezithile azishintshi minyaka yonke.

Izingela umdlalo ohlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi omkhulu, uzivumelanisa kalula nezimo zasendaweni futhi ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka. Imvamisa, ama-marmots, ama-squirrel, ama-hares, ama-cuffs, ama-skunks, ama-turtles alawula ukudla (ngokwesibonelo, eBulgaria, ama-turtles afinyelela ku-20% wokudla). Kwesinye isikhathi ihlasela izilwane eziphakeme kakhulu kuyo ngesisindo nosayizi, ikakhulukazi ezigula noma zamawundlu - inyamazane ebomvu, inyamazane ebomvu, i-chamois, imvu. Imvamisa idla izinyoni - amajuba aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-grouse yokhuni, i-grouse emnyama, i-parridge, izigwaca, amadada, iminyovane, amahansi ezifuywayo, izikhova kanye namasela. Eningizimu yebanga, kudliwa izinyoka, amasele nokunye okuhuqayo nabadla izinyamazane. Usebenzisa ngokuzithandela i-carrion, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi ebandayo.

Ngaphandle kwesikhathi sokuzalela, imvamisa zizingelwa ngababili. Amasu wokukhiqizwa kokudla ancike kakhulu esimweni sezulu. Ngosuku olucwathile, izinkozi zegolide zivame ukukhuphuka isikhathi eside phezulu esibhakabhakeni noma zifiphaze njengegoshawk endaweni ephansi. Enye inketho yokuzingela ijwayelekile kakhulu ngosuku oluna imvula - kusuka lapho kuqamekelwa khona, lapho inyoni ibuka ngokungazelelwe indawo ezungezile ukusuka ekuphakameni kwesihlahla noma esibondeni esikhulu. Lapho ibone inyamazane engaba khona, ukhozi luhamba ngendiza ngokushesha futhi lungakwazi ukulugibela noma lubhukule ngamaphiko asongelwe ngokwengxenye, luyibambe emhlabathini noma, uma inyoni, kwesinye isikhathi isuka. Indlela yokuthwebula nokubulala inyamazane iyahluka. Imvamisa, ukhozi lwegolide oluneqhubu elilodwa lubamba isisulu ngemuva kwekhanda, nolwesibili ngemuva ngemuva, luzama ukuphula umgogodla. Kwesinye isikhathi umdlalo ushaya intamo ngomlomo obukhali, uphule imikhumbi emikhulu. Isilwane esikhulu, esiphikisayo sishaya kaningana, silinganisa emhlane ngamaphiko.

Njengomthetho, izinkozi zegolide ziqala ukuzalanisa zivela eminyakeni emine noma emihlanu, kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nangaphambi kokutholwa kwengubo yokugcina yensimbi yabantu abadala. Njengoba iyinyoni ejwayelekile ukuba munye nambili, leli dlozi lihlala umshado iminyaka eminingi kanti elinye ilungu lo mbhangqwana liyaphila. Uma izinyoni zingaphazamiseki, khona-ke indawo efanayo yokwakha isidleke isetshenziswa iminyaka eminingana ngokulandelana, kuyilapho owesilisa nowesifazane beyivikela kwezinye izimbangi ezinomzimba unyaka wonke bese bezama ukungahambi nasebusika obandayo.

Isikhathi sokukhwelana, ngokuya ngobude nobubanzi bokuzinza, kuqala phakathi kukaFebhuwari no-Ephreli. Ngalesi sikhathi, zombili izinyoni zababili ziziphatha ngokubonisa - zenza izibalo zomoya ezahlukahlukene. Isibalo esisodwa esihle kakhulu sithathwa njengento ebizwa ngokuthi "i-garland", ejwayelekile kwizinkozi kanye nezinyoni, indiza ye-wavy ene-amplitude enkulu, engenziwa yilungu elilodwa noma amabili amalungu. Ngesikhathi sokukhohlisa, ukhozi lwegolide luyakhula luqhekeze lube isiqongo esiphakeme kakhulu, luphenduka amahlombe alo bese licindezela iziphetho zamaphiko emsileni.Ngephuzu eliphansi, inyoni ivele ishintshe indlela eya lapho ihamba khona bese igijimela phezulu ekuphakameni kwangaphambilini ekhoneni lokukhombisa. Ephuzwini eliphakeme, njengoba elahle isivinini, yenza amaphiko amaningana ngamaphiko neziziba futhi, iphinda ithuba elidlule. Ezinye izinombolo zemiboniso zijaha enye ngokulandelana, yenza sengathi ihlasela, ikhombisa izindandatho, ukugoqa okuhlanganayo nokugoqeka ngokuvunguza.

Ukwakhiwa nokulungiswa kwezidleke ezinkondweni zegolide ezingaxazululwa kungaqhubeka unyaka wonke, kepha inani eliphakeme lomsebenzi, njengomthetho, liwela esikhathini kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaJanuwari kuya ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Umbhangqwana ngamunye ungaqukatha ngasikhathi sinye izidleke eziyishumi nambili, ezisetshenziswa ngokuhlukile, kepha inani labo kaningi alidluli kabili noma kathathu. Imvamisa izidleke akuyona nje indala, kepha yasendulo - lokhu kungahlulelwa ngenani lamathambo asele ngaphansi kwawo. Unyaka nonyaka, izakhiwo ziyavuselelwa futhi ziyaqedwa. Indawo esidlekayo iyimfoloko esiqwini noma egatsheni eliwugqinsi lwesihlahla, i-rock niche noma i-cornice, ngesinye isikhathi isakhiwo esingeyona yokuhlala (umbhoshongo we-geodetic, ukusekelwa komugqa we-high-voltage, i-windmill, njll.). Ukukhetha kuyashiyana ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala - ngokwesibonelo, engxenyeni enkulu yeRussia (ngaphandle kwezindawo ezinezintaba eningizimu yezwe), kukhethwa amaConifers amakhulu. E-Eurasia, kupayini kanye ne-larch kubusa, kepha kungahle kube khona nomsedari, i-aspen, i-birch noma i-spruce. EMelika, i-pseudo-tsuga ne-pine ephuze kakhulu esetshenziswa kakhulu. Esihlahleni, ukhozi lwegolide lidinga okungenani indawo encane evulekile yokusondela - ehlathini lingaba ngumgwaqo ocacile, umgwaqo wakudala, umngcele, igquma, ingaphandle lesithokomali. Okunye okudingekayo ukuvikelwa emimoyeni enamandla nokukhanya kwelanga, okungathinta kabi ukukhula kwezingane. Ibanga elisuka esidlekeni liye ebusweni bomhlaba alisho lutho (amacala asukela ku-0 kuye ku-107 m ayaziwa), uma lingatholakali kubantu abadla izambane likapondo njengebhere elinsundu noma i-wolverine. Lapho kusakazeka ezihlahleni, isidleke sivame ukutholakala engxenyeni engezansi noma ephakathi yomqhele ukuphakama okuyi-10 kuye ku-18 m, lapho amagatsha eminyene futhi eqinile ngokwanele ukusekela isisindo sendawo nezinyoni. Izilokotho ezenziwe ngommese obukhulu kuleli cala likhulu kakhulu - ububanzi be-1-2 m nokuphakama okungu-0,5-1.9 m. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ezifanayo, izinkozi zegolide zihlala zilayishe udoti notshani bonyaka owedlule, amagxolo nezingcezu ze-moss, kanye ngasemaphethelweni esidleke namagatsha aluhlaza weConifers noma, kancane, izihlahla eziqinile nezihlahla. Izimpaphe noboya bezilwane ezifile, ezisebenza njengohlobo lwenkunkuma, nazo zingakhona esidlekeni. Isidleke sigcinwa sihlanzekile - i-lining entsha ayigcini nje ngokubekwa kwamaqanda, kodwa futhi iyaqhubeka ngesikhathi sokuzalela kuze kube yilapho amaphuphu endiza. Unyaka nonyaka, isidleke siyavuselelwa futhi siqedwa, sikhula kancane ngosayizi. Phakathi kwamagatsha aminyene wesidleke esingaphilayo singaphila, lapho izinkozi zegolide zinganaki.

Isikhathi sokubekwa kweqanda sinwetshwa ngokuya ngendawo yokudlela - ukusuka engxenyeni yokuqala kaDisemba e-Oman kuya maphakathi noJuni enyakatho ye-Alaska naseSiberia. E-clutch 1-3 (imvamisa kakhulu ama-2) amaqanda, lapho owesifazana abeka khona isikhawu sezinsuku ezingama-3-4. Anombala omhlophe ngokwebala, onemisipha emsundu noma obomvu namabala obukhulu obuhlukile, umehluko ngokwengeziwe nomhlaba wokungcwaba. Ukuzikhulula kuqala ngeqanda lokuqala bese kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-40-45. Owesifazane uhlala kakhulu, ngezikhathi ezithile futhi ngezikhathi ezithile ufakwa owesilisa. Zimbozwe ngopende omhlophe nompunga, izidleke zizalwa ngokulandelana ngendlela amaqanda ayebekwe ngayo - ngokuhamba kwezinsuku eziningana. Ngasikhathi sinye, izibulo, eliziphatha gadalala kubafowethu nodadewethu abancane, kungenzeka lisinde - libaxoshe, balixoshe futhi liyabavimbela ekudleni. Ngasikhathi sinye, abazali bahlala bengakunaki okwenzekayo. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-50-80% amancanyana azalwa okwesibili afa emavikini amabili okuqala empilo.Ngenkathi amancanyana emincane futhi engenakuzisiza, eyeduna ngokuzimela ithola ukudla futhi ikule esidlekeni, kuyilapho owesifazana efudumeza futhi ondle amazinyane, wephula inyamazane. Lapho amachwane esekhula futhi aqala ukudonsa ukudla kwawo, insikazi nayo iyandiza iyoma. Eminyakeni engu-65-80 yezinsuku, amakhozi akhuphuka ephikweni, kepha ahlala isikhathi eside ngaphakathi endaweni yezidleke. Isikhathi esiphakathi sokuphila kwezinkozi zegolide cishe siyiminyaka engama-23, kangangokuthi ngisho nokuzala okuphansi, inani labantu lihlala liqinile. Iminyaka eyaziwa kakhulu endle eYurophu yaqoshwa eSweden - iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-32. Ezilwaneni zasendle, ama-eagles egolide aphila iminyaka engama-50.

(Akwila heliaca)

Inyoni engandile, encane. Ihlala ogwadule, i-steppe, i-step-steppe kanye nangasemaphethelweni aseningizimu yesifunda sehlathi i-Eurasia kusuka e-Austria, eSlovakia naseSerbia empumalanga kuya esigodini saseBarguzin, indawo ephakathi nethafa leVitim nesigodi sase-Onon esingezansi. Isibalo sabantu baseYurophu asisibalo esingaphezu kwezi-950 ngababili, ngaphezu kwengxenye yabo, sisuka ku-430 kuya ku-680 ngababili (idatha ka-2001) isidleke eningizimu nentshonalanga yeRussia. Bangaphezu kuka-10 izimbhangqwana eziqoshwe eBulgaria, eHungary, eGeorgia, eMacedonia, eSlovakia nase-Ukraine, futhi isidleke ezimbalwa kuphela emazweni ambalwa aseCentral naseMpumalanga Yurophu. E-Asia, ngaphandle kweRussia kuhlala izidleke zase-Asia Minor, eTranscaucasia, eKazakhstan, e-Iran, mhlawumbe ne-Afghanistan, eNyakatho-Ntshonalanga neNdiya naseNyakatho neMongolia. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, uhlobo lokufuduka noma olunengxenye. Izinyoni ezindala ezivela eCentral Europe, eBalkan peninsula, e-Asia Minor naseCaucasus ziphila impilo yokuhlala lapho zisezincane, kanti ezinye zithuthelekela eningizimu. Ezintabeni ezande kakhulu zasempumalanga, ezinye izinyoni nazo zihlala ngaphakathi kobubanzi bezidleke, kepha zigxila engxenyeni engaseningizimu. Bonke abanye bathuthela eningizimu - eTurkey, kwa-Israyeli, e-Iran, e-Iraq, eGibhithe, eSaudi Arabia, ePakistan, eNdiya, eLaos naseVietnam. E-Afrika, abantu abafinyelela eKenya. Izinyoni ezincane zazingabokuqala ukushiya izindawo zokudlela ngo-Agasti futhi, njengomthetho, ubusika ezindaweni eziphansi eziphansi. Inqwaba indizela eningizimu ukusuka maphakathi no-Septhemba kuya ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba bese ibuyela engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli.

Ekuqaleni, inyoni enezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zomhlaba, ezindaweni eziningi ngenxa yokufuna nokutshala amasimu, yayigcwele ezintabeni - izindawo ezivamile zokhozi olukhulu lwegolide. Izindawo zokudlela ezinkulu izidleke kukhona ama-steppes, ama-steppes asehlathini, ogwadule abangahlali kahle, kodwa abangavuleki ngokuphelele, njengokhozi lwe-steppe, kodwa ngezihlahla ezinde ezihlukile noma iziqhingi zehlathi. ECentral naseMpumalanga Yurophu, ihlala emahlathini asezintabeni eduze kwezikhala ezivulekile endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000 ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, kanye nasezindaweni ezime ngezinyawo nasezolimo ezinezihlahla ezinde noma imibhoshongo yokuhambisa amandla. Emigodini ye-Dnieper neDon kuhlala imiphetho yamahlathi, ukugawulwa kwemithi yakudala, kuyavutha. Esifundeni saseCiscaucasia kanye nasesifundeni iVolga, kuhlala ezindaweni ezinamagwadule nasemahlane, kanye nasehlathini, lapho kukhethwa khona izindawo ezinosizo oluphansi - izigodi zemifula, izigodi nemifudlana. Abantu abaningi basempumalanga bakhetha amahlathi asezingeni lendabuko, ama-steppe kanye namahlathi asogwadule anezimila ezinamahlahla, kwesinye isikhathi asetshenziswa kwezolimo. Ezindaweni zobusika bakhetha ama-biotopes afanayo, noma kunjalo, ahlobene kakhulu nezindikimba zamanzi.

Inyoni enkulu edla inyama enamaphiko amade ububanzi nomsila omude oqondile. Ubude 72-84 cm, amaphiko angama-180-2215 cm, isisindo esingu-2.4-4,5 kg. Ngokuvamile, indawo yokungcwaba iqhathaniswa ukhozi lwegolide, ngoba zombili lezi zinyoni zinobuhlobo obusondelene futhi ziyafana, futhi amabanga azo ayahlangana. Indawo yokungcwaba incane kancane, inomsila omfishane futhi omncane, futhi onsundu omnyama, cishe amapayipi amnyama iningi lomzimba ngokuvamile amnyama kunethafa legolide. Kodwa-ke, uma owokugcina enezimpaphe eziphakeme entanjeni eqinile, lapho-ke indawo yokungcwaba iyakhanya - utshani. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amabala amhlophe - "i-epauleetti" kaningi ingakhiwa emahlombe.Ezinyoni ezindala, izinyoni ezindizayo eziyisisekelo zimnyama ngaphezulu, zimnyama ngokungaphansi ngombala onsomi ompunga oshubile ezisekelweni ze-webs yangaphakathi. Amancanyana angenhla anombala onsundu, ukusuka ngaphansi ngompunga onsundu kuya ku-nsundu-onsundu, futhi anebhendi elishiwo kancane. Izimbozo ezimboza izimpiko zisuka ngezansi ngemuva kwezimpiko zezimpiko zibukeka zimnyama kakhulu, zimnyama-mnyama. Umsila unephethini lemabula, elihlanganisa amathoni amnyama namnyama. Amathuna athola izingubo zokugcina zabantu abadala kuphela ngeminyaka engu-6-7. Izinyoni ezinonyaka ubudala zilula kakhulu - ikakhulukazi i-ocher elula enemivimbo emnyama emide kanye nezinyoni ezindiza ezimnyama. Eminyakeni elandelayo, i-plumage iba mnyama ngokwengeziwe kuze kube yilapho amathoni e-ocher anyamalala ngokuphelele. Uthingo lune-brown noma luphuzi noma, ngombala ompunga omncane, umthethosivivinywa ubublue-horny ezansi futhi umnyama phezulu. I-wax, ukufakwa emlonyeni kanye nasemilenzeni kuphuzi, kugcwele okumnyama. Lapho indiza, izimpaphe ezisemaphethelweni amaphiko zibunjiwe ngomunwe, ukundiza kwale nyoni kuyakhuphuka, kuhamba kancane.

Idla kakhulu izilwane ezincelisayo eziphakathi nendawo nendawo - ama-gophers, amagundane asensimini, ama-hamsters, ama-voles amanzi, ama-hares amancanyana kanye nezinsimu kanye ne-grouse ne-corvidae. Izaqathi zibamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekudleni - ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho amagundane aseseku hibernation, nezinyoni zingabuyanga ebusika. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinkozi zindiza ngokukhethekile zizungeza izindawo lapho izilwane eziwile phakathi nobusika zingatholakala. Isidumbu semvu, esingamuntu, noma inja singanikeza izinyoni ukudla izinsuku eziningi. Ezimweni ezingandile, idla amasele nezimfudu. Njengomthetho, inyamazane yanele ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba, futhi esimweni sezinyoni, kwesinye isikhathi uma zihamba. Efuna ukudla, ubhabhela isikhathi eside phezulu esibhakabhakeni noma onogada, ehleli e-dais.

Indawo efanayo yokwakha isidleke isetshenziswe ngokuqhubekayo iminyaka eminingi. Izimbaza eziningi zivame ukuhlela izidleke esihlahleni endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-10-25 ngaphezu komhlaba. Uma zingekho, zingahlala phakathi kwamagatsha esihlahla sikhula kancane, njenge-caragana, noma njalo edwaleni elincane. Ikhetha uphayini, i-larch, i-popula, i-birch, izidleke ezivame kakhulu kuma-oki, i-alder noma i-aspen. Ngokungafani ukhozi wegolide, lapho isidleke sivame ukutholakala phakathi nendawo komqhele, indawo yokungcwaba imvamisa ikhetha ingxenye yayo engenhla, cishe nesiqongqo. Ezindaweni ezinemimoya enamandla kuphela (ngokwesibonelo, ekucindezelekeni kweMinusinsk eningizimu yeSiberia) noma lapho izindawo zokungcwaba sezizinze khona muva nje (njengaseSouthern Urals), isidleke singabekwa phakathi nendawo komqhele - ngemfoloko esiqwini noma egatsheni legatsha eliseceleni. Izilokotho, inani lazo esizeni zingafinyelela ezimbili noma ezintathu, zakhiwa womabili lamalungu, kepha ikakhulukazi kowesifazane. Izilokazana zisetshenziswa ngokuhlukile eminyakeni ehlukene, ngokusho kwabanye ochwepheshe, lokhu kunciphisa inani lezinambuzane ezihlala kuzo - amabhungane ezinyoni, izimpukane nezindunduma. Isidleke sikhulu impela (yize sisincane kunesokhozi segolide) futhi siqukethe inqwaba yamagatsha namagatsha awugqinsi. Ugqoko luboshwe ngamagatsha amancane we-coniferous, amagxolo, umquba wamahhashi, notshani obomile obuncane, uboya kanye nemfucumfucu ehlukahlukene ye-anthropogenic. Izinyoni ezidlekayo ehlathini zengeza amagatsha aluhlaza esidlekeni - ikhwalithi eyingqayizivele kokhozi lwegolide. Ububanzi besidleke esisanda kwakhiwa bubalelwa ku-120-150 cm, ubude bawo bube ngama-60-70 cm. Eminyakeni elandelayo, isidleke sikhuphuka ngokubonakalayo ngosayizi, sifinyelela okungenani amasentimitha angama-180-240 cm no-180 cm ukuphakama. Phansi kwesidleke esidala, ezinye, izinyoni ezincane zivame ukuhlala. Ama-Saker falcons angahlala esidlekeni esingasenalutho, kuyilapho lawo manga aziphatha ngobudlova ebhekise ezinkozi ezinkulu, azikhiphe esidlekeni sazo.

Ukubeka kanye ngonyaka, kuqukethe amaqanda ama-1-3 (kaningi kakhulu ama-2) abekwa ngokuvalwa kwezinsuku ezingama-2-3. Ngokuya ngendawo yokuhlala, lokhu kwenzeka phakathi kokuphela kukaMashi nokuphela kuka-Ephreli noma ngisho nokuqala kukaMeyi. I-Shell yamaqanda iqhwaqumbile, imidwebo emise okombala, izimpunga ezimbalwa ezimpunga, ezimpunga noma ezimnyama ziyabonakala ngemuva okumhlophe.Uma kwenzeka kulahlekelwe ukubumbana kokuqala, insikazi ingakuhlehlisa futhi, kepha isivele esidlekeni esisha. Ukuzikhulula kuqala ngeqanda lokuqala futhi kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-43. Womabili la malungu alo mbhangqwana afukelana, yize isikhathi esiningi esidlekeni sichithwa ngowesifazane. Imichilo embozwe nge-fluff emhlophe ivela ngokulandelana ngendlela efanayo lapho amaqanda ebekwa khona. Owesifazane uchitha isonto lokuqala esidlekeni, efudumeza amazinyane, kanti owesilisa uyazingela futhi alethe inyamazane. Kwesinye isikhathi kufe ingane encane, ingakwazi ukuncintisana nomfowethu noma udadewenu omkhulu noma omkhulu, kodwa hhayi kaningi njengokhozi lwegolide noma ukhozi olukhulu olunamabala. Eminyakeni engaba ngamasonto amabili, kuqala izimpawu zamapayipi, ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-35 kuya kwengama-40 kuphela ikhanda nentamo zihlala zingabanjiswa, kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezingama-65-77 amantshontsho aqhamukele ephikweni. Ngemuva kokushiya isidleke, amaphuphu abuyele kuwo isikhashana, kuthi ngemuva kwalokho agasele bese endiza ebusika kuqala.

(Aquila adalberti)

Kusatshalaliswa ePeninsula yase-Iberia eningizimu-nentshonalanga yeSpain kanye nengxenye esePortugal. Iphila impilo yokuhlala phansi, izinyoni ezincane kuphela ezenza izindiza ezincane ezivela kwizindawo ezidlekayo. Kuhlala amahlathi akhanyayo, amathafa nemishayo.

Lonke ubude bomzimba lungamasentimitha angama-78-82, enobunzima obungu-2,5-3,5 kg, kanti amaphiko lawo angamasentimitha angama-180-210. Lihlukile kunendawo yokungcwaba ejwayelekile ngombala omnyama.

Le ration isuselwa kunogwaja; iphinda futhi ifune ama-hares, izinduku ezahlukahlukene, amajuba, amabala okuhlala, amadada, amagwababa ngisho nezinja ezincane.

Isikhathi sokuzala siqala ngoFebhuwari. Isidleke siyipulatifomu enkulu yamagatsha, etholakala esihlahleni, kwesinye isikhathi esigxotsheni samandla. Ku-clutch 1-4 (imvamisa 2) amaqanda, insikazi ifukamela ikakhulukazi, owesilisa ngezikhathi ezithile uthatha indawo yakhe. Isikhathi sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi sithatha izinsuku ezingama-39-42.

(Aquila nipalensis)

Isifunda esizalanayo sihlanganisa izifunda ezingama-steppe aseRussia (iStroprop Territory, i-Orenburg Oblast, i-Kalmykia, i-Astrakhan neRostov, eningizimu ye-Urals, iSouth-East kanye ne-South-West yeSiberia), iNtshonalanga, iCentral ne-Asia Ephakathi kuya ezifundeni ezisentshonalanga zeChina. Igezwa enyakatho-mpumalanga, empumalanga, enkabeni naseningizimu ye-Afrika, eNdiya kanye nasePhalamende lase-Arabia. Ihlala ezinyaweni zasebuntombini, eziwugwadule (kwesinye isikhathi eziwugwadule) nasezintabeni zezinyawo.

Ubude bomzimba bungu-60-85 cm, ubude bamaphiko buyi-51-65 cm, amaphiko ayi-220-230 cm, kanti isisindo sezinyoni ngu-2.7-4.8 kg. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Imibala yezinyoni ezindala (ezineminyaka emine ubudala nangaphezulu) inombala onsundu, imvamisa inendawo ebomvu ngemuva kwekhanda, inezinyoni ezimnyama ezimdaka ngombala omnyama, lapho kutholakala khona imifudlana ephuzi onsundu esisekelweni sokhula lwangaphakathi, izimpaphe zomsila zimnyama-nsundu ngemisho emnyama. Uthingo lungamabala ansundu, uqhwaku limpunga-mnyama, izigaxa zimnyama, i-wax nemilenze iphuzi. Engubeni yokuqala yaminyaka yonke, izinyoni ezincane zinombala onsundu oswelayo onemisipha evuthayo kanye ne-nuhvost, izimpaphe zomsila zinsundu ngemingcele e-buffy.

Idla izinduku eziphakathi nendawo, ikakhulukazi ama-squirrels, futhi ama-hares, amagundane amancane (ama-squirrel omhlaba, ama-groundhogs, ama-gerbils), kwesinye isikhathi amachwane noma ukuhlaselwa kwezinyoni, kudla okuphindwe kabili.

Izilokazana zihlelelwa kakhulu emhlabathini, kwesinye isikhathi emithini emincane nasemadwaleni, ezindaweni zokugcina izimbotshana, ezikhathini ezingekho emithini nakwimibhoshongo yokudlulisa amandla. Amabili la ahlala njalo; ahlala ezindaweni zeminyaka iminyaka eminingi. Ukufakwa kweqanda kwenzeka: ezingxenyeni ezisentshonalanga - ngo-Ephreli (ingxenye yesibili), empumalanga - ezungeze maphakathi noMeyi. E-clutch kukhona amaqanda ama-1-2 amhlophe, amaqabunga ansundu abunjiwe. I-Hatching ihlala izinsuku ezingama-40-45, isikhathi sokuzala cishe izinsuku ezingama-60. Ngo-Agasti, amaphuphu asevele azi ukuthi angandiza kanjani.

(I-Aquila rapax)

Kunemijaho emithathu yezindawo. Eyodwa itholakala e-Asia (eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Iran, Pakistan, enyakatho-ntshonalanga neNdiya, eningizimu Nepal kanye nasentshonalanga neMyanmar. Elesibili eNtshonalanga Afrika (eChad, eSudan, e-Ethiopia, eSomalia nakwengxenye eseningizimu-ntshonalanga yeNhlonhlo yase-Arabia). , ENyakatho neNingizimu Afrika, eLesotho naseSwazini.Ihlala ama-savannahs nama-steppes, ukusuka ku-0 kuye ku-3000 m ngaphezu kwezinga lolwandle. Ukugwema ugwadule namahlathi.

Ukuphakama komzimba kungama-60-72 cm, amaphiko ngamaphiko kungu-159-183 cm. Isisindo samadoda ngamakhilogremu angama-1,2,2.0, kanti awabesifazane abengu-1,2,2,5 kg. Kukhona ama-morphs amaningana, kanye nokuphuma kweminyaka, okubhalwe phansi, kanye nomehluko ngamunye. Amehlo aphuzi ngoku nsundu, ama-paws aphuzi. Izimpiko zibanzi, umsila umfishane.

Idla izilwane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, izinyamazane, izinambuzane, ama-amphibians, izinhlanzi kanye ne-carrion, imvamisa inesisindo kusuka ku-126 g kuya ku-2 kg. Ukudla okuningi kutholakala emhlabeni, kepha kwesinye isikhathi izinyoni zibanjwa zifinyelela osayizi bama-flamesos endizeni. Ukuzingela izinhlanzi kwenziwa ngokucwiliswa kwengxenye yomzimba emanzini. Imvamisa bayantshontsha futhi badle ezinye izinyoni.

Isikhathi sokuzala sithatha kusuka ngoMashi kuya ku-Agasti eNyakatho naseNyakatho-East Afrika, kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuJuni eNtshonalanga Afrika, unyaka wonke eKenya, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya kuJanuwari enkabeni naseningizimu ye-Afrika, kanti kusuka ngoNovemba kuya ku-Agasti e-Asia. Imibhangqwana iyashada. Isidleke sakhiwa kusuka emithini, kwesinye isikhathi ngokufakwa kwamathambo ezilwane. Isidleke, njengomthetho, si-1,0-1.3 m ngaphesheya futhi sijule ngama-30 cm.Litha: utshani, amaqabunga, noboya. Itholakala ekuphakameni okufika kumamitha angama-30, imvamisa ephakathi kuka-6- 15 m, engxenyeni engenhla yesihlahla esikhethekile. Amaqanda ku-clutch 1-2. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuthatha izinsuku ezingama-39-45. Owesifazane uzibandakanya ikakhulu, yize owesilisa kwesinye isikhathi esiza. Imvamisa, kuphuma inkukhu eyodwa kuphela. Amathanga athatha iphiko esenezinsuku ezingama-76-75. Amakati afinyelela ebusheni eminyakeni engu-3-4.

(I-Aquila verreauxii)

Njengoba isatshalaliswe e-Afrika engaseningizimu yeSahara, isuka eChad naseKenya Samburu Park enyakatho iya eFinbosh nasezintabeni zaseDragon eningizimu, iyatholakala naseSinayi naseNingizimu Arabia. Kunamathela ezindaweni ezomile ezinemvula engaphansi kuka-60 cm. Kuhlala ezintabeni ezinamadwala, emadwaleni nasezintabeni, kuma-savannah omile. Ibanjelwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha angama-4000 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Yinyoni edla inyama enobude obungama-70-95 cm, enesisindo esingu-3.54,5 kg kanye nephiko elingaba ngamamitha ayi-2. Umbala ukhozi lweKaffir umnyama; ngamaphiko asakazekile, ibala elimhlophe elingu-V libonakala ngemuva nasemhlane. U-wax, uzungeza amehlo nemilenze ophuzi. Izinyoni ezincane zihlukile kakhulu kubantu abadala, imibala yazo iyathuthuka futhi kutholakala amathoni ansundu kuyo. Bathola izingubo zabantu abadala uma beneminyaka yobudala engama-5-6.

Isisulu esithandwa kakhulu yizilwane ezincelisayo ezisezingeni eliphakathi nendawo, futhi ezindaweni eziningi lo mbizi uhlala cishe kuphela ngokuchithwa ngamadam. Iphinde isebenzise izinyamazane ezincane noma ezincane, okwegologo, imayerkats kanye nezinye izinkawu, izingwejeje, izinkawu, i-turuch, i-Guinea Guinea, imichwane, amajuba, amagwababa, izinyoka kanye nezimbila ezincane.

Lezi zinkozi zigcinwa ngababili endaweni yabo. Kule ndawo, kungakhiwa izidleke ezi-1 kuye kwezingu-3. Izindlovu zitholakala emaphethelweni amatshe, emihumeni noma emihumeni emincane yamatshe. Isidleke siyisiteji samagatsha afakwe ngamahlamvu aluhlaza. Ububanzi bayo bungamamitha ayi-1.8 kanye nokujula okungamamitha ayi-2. Bobabili ubulili bayabandakanyeka ekwakheni, yize owesimame evame ukuthatha ingxenye enkulu. I-Clutch imvamisa iqukethe amaqanda ama-2, kepha-ke, njengomthetho, kuphuma inkukhu eyodwa kuphela esidlekeni. Esencane, inkukhu endala futhi enamandla ibulala umfowabo omncane. Bobabili abazali bazinza (ikakhulukazi besifazane) izinsuku ezingama-43-47. Inkukhu iphuma esidlekeni ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-95-97, kodwa ihlala eduze nabazali izinyanga eziyisithupha.

Izici zokuziphatha kokhozi olumnyama

Ukhozi olumnyama lungomunye wabazingeli abaziwayo abanemibala. Unekhono elihlukile lokubamba amaqanda nam amaphuphu amancane, ngesinye isikhathi adwengula sonke isidleke emagatsheni.

Ukhozi luthatha inyamazane nalo futhi lidle endaweni eseceleni.

Kokuzingela okunjalo, isilwane esinamazinyo sinezinzwane ezinde neziningi ezimfishane. Ngokuphandle, ukhozi olumnyama luhamba ngaphezu komhlaba njengenyanga, lubheke izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane. Angakwazi ukuqondisa njengamalulwane futhi agwinye ekuphumeni komhume.

Ukhozi olumnyama lungolwezinyoni ezixazululiwe; izindiza eziya kwezinye izindawo azikaze ziphawulwe. Uyandiza, ngokusobala, ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu.Indiza yayo ihamba kancane futhi ihamba ngaphezu kwesihloko sezihlahla. Ukhozi olumnyama luyakwazi ukuhlala emoyeni isikhathi eside, ngakho amaNdiya awubiza ngokuthi "ayikaze ihlale inyoni" (inyoni engakaze ihlale endaweni yayo).

Usemoyeni ngendlela ekhethekile, uhamba ngejubane elincane kakhulu, ngamaphiko amabalele ubude obude. Ukhozi olumnyama luyindilinga elihamba kancane phezu kwamahlathi, kuba sengathi luthuntuba ezintabeni ezinotshani kancane, ngaphandle kokushaya amaphiko alo.

Kwesinye isikhathi indizela emihumeni ibambe amalulwane. Izimpiko ezinde futhi ezithambile ziyithuluzi lendiza ehamba kancane. Amacala, angagugi kakhulu kunabazingeli abanemibala eminingi, ayasiza ekuthumbeni izidleke zezinye izinyoni.

Ukhozi olujwayelekile: izici zesivinini nokuphakama

Ukhozi olujwayelekile alufakwa ezinyangeni eziyi-10 ezisheshayo emhlabeni. Kepha inezici ezinhle zesivinini. Ngakho-ke, ukhozi ekundizeni lunesivinini esingafika ku-200 km / h. Lapho yehla, ijubane lenyoni lifinyelela ku-320 km / h.

Ukuqhathanisa: kwathatha iminyaka engama-40 ukuthi uFerrari wethule imodeli yokuqala emakethe engafinyelela isivinini esinjalo. Ngo-2017, ijubane elingu-320 km / h lingakhiqiza amamodeli ambalwa kuphela ezimoto zokunethezeka ezikhathazayo kakhulu.

Ama-Eagles angandiza ezindaweni eziphakeme ngamamitha angaphezu kwama-700. Ngo-1797, umFulentshi u-Andre-Jacques Garnerin waqala wasuka endaweni ephakeme efanayo. Kuthathe iminyaka engaphezu kwengama-200 ukuthi indoda ingene ukuze igxume kusuka phezulu kokhozi ngaphandle kweparachute.

Ngenxa yelungiselelo elikhethekile lamaphiko, inyoni edla inyama iyakwazi ukukhuphuka endaweni ephakeme ngaphandle kokuhambisa amaphiko ayo futhi indize ngesivunguvungu. Ukusetshenziswa kwamaphiko okhozi kwaholela ekutheni abasunguli bakha amaphiko - amaphiko endiza aphakanyisiwe, anikeza i-aerodynamics engcono.

Ukhozi lweGolide - olukhulu kunazo zonke izinkozi - luyakwazi ukukhuphuka lufinyelele kumamitha angama-4 500 lubheke inyamazane.

(Akwila gurneyi)

Njengoba isatshalaliswe eMoluccas naseNew Guinea, kwesinye isikhathi indizela enyakatho ye-Australia. Lezi izinyoni ezihlala phansi ezihamba kuphela zasendaweni. Kuhlala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamahlathi ezishisayo: amaxhaphozi, amabala aphansi, izintaba, amaqabunga ekhukhunathi. Ibanjelwe endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1,500 ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ubude bomzimba ukusuka ku-74 kuya ku-85 cm, cishe ingxenye yawo ewela emsileni, amaphiko angama-170-190 cm, isisindo somzimba cishe ngamakhilogremu amathathu, kanti abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa. Umbala womzimba ojwayelekile usuka kumnyama onsundu uye kumnyama. Amaphiko nomsila walezi okhozi zinde, ikhanda likhulu impela. Amachaphaza aphuzi, i-wax impunga.

Idla kakhulu izilwane ezincelisayo ezinamahlathi (isib. Umzala), izibankwa ezinkulu, izinhlanzi noma izinyoni. Ufuna inyamazane ngenkathi ehleli emagatsheni ezihlahla akhula ngasemaphethelweni ehlathi noma osebeni lwedamu.

(I-Aquila audax)

Kuthunyelwe kulo lonke elase-Australia, esiqhingini saseTasmania naseningizimu yeNew Guinea. Ihlala cishe kuzo zonke izindawo zokuhlala, kepha ithanda izindawo ezivulekile kakhudlwana.

Ifinyelela ku-8-8 cm cm ubude nama-182-23 cm cm ngamaphiko. Abesifazane bakhulu kunabesilisa, ngokwesilinganiso banesisindo esingama-4.2 kg, kanti kwesinye isikhathi bangama-5.3 kg. Izinyoni ezincane zinombala onsundu onamaphiko ansundu obomvu onsundu nekhanda. Njengoba bekhula, iba mnyama, ifinyelela umbala onsundu.

Izinkozi zemisila engu-Wedge-tailed zingabazingeli abahle kakhulu, kepha ungakucasazi ukugcwala. Njengomthetho, inyamazane yabo eyinhloko kungunogwaja. Imvamisa zakha cishe u-30-70% wokudla, kepha isilinganiso sogwaja singafinyelela ku-92%. Futhi, lezi zinkozi zidla izinyamazane, izinyoni (i-cockatoo, amadada, amaqhude, ama-ibis, ama-emu) nezinye izilwanyana ezincelisayo (wallabies, kangaroos amancane, amaphosta, ama-koalas, ama-bandicuts ngisho nezimpungushe). Izinkozi zemisipha ekade zigwedwe ihlasela amawundlu ngezikhathi ezithile, kodwa zakha ingxenye encane yokudla kwazo. Ukhozi lolu luchitha isikhathi esiningi sosuku luhleli egatsheni lesihlahla noma edwaleni futhi lubamba inyamazane, ngesinye isikhathi lukhuphukele ngaphezulu kunendawo yalo.

Ukhozi olunemisila ekhuphuka lwakha isidleke esihlahleni eside (cishe amamitha angama-30 ngenhla komhlaba), ukusuka lapho kulungele ukubuka khona okuzungezile, lapho kungekho ndawo efanelekile lapho isidleke sitholakala emaphethelweni edwala. Ubuningi be-nesting buya ngenani labazingeli kanye nenani lemithombo yokuphakelwa. Imvamisa, izidleke zitholakala kumakhilomitha angama-2,5-4 ukusuka komunye nomunye. Uma izimo zihamba kahle, amabanga angaba ngaphansi kwe-1 km, njengoba izinyoni zidinga izindawo ezincane ukuthola ukudla okwanele. Izidleke zikhulu, kufinyelela ku-3 m ubukhulu no-2,5 m ukujula, zisetshenziswa kaninginingi ngokuqedwa kancane kancane.E-clutch amaqanda ama-1-3. Bobabili abazali bazibandakanya ekufukameni. Ukushayisana kuqhume emva kwezinsuku ezingama-42-45. Izinkozi ezisencane ezinomsila osencane zincike kubazali bazo kuze kube sezinyangeni eziyisithupha ubudala.

(Clanga clanga)

Izinhlobo zaseningizimu yeFinland, iPoland, iHungary neRomania empumalanga ziye enyakatho neMongolia, enyakatho neChina nasePakistan. Lokhu kuyinyoni efudukayo ebusika eNortheast Africa, Western, Middle, South Asia, Arabia, Northern India nase-Indochina. Ihlala emahlathini ahlanganisiwe, kanye nasezindaweni eziseduze nezikhukhula, amawa, imifula kanye namachibi. Lezi zindawo zingezakhe izindawo zokuzingela ezinhle kakhulu. Ukhozi lolu luhlala amathafa kaningi, kepha aluvamile ukutholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-1000.

Inobude bomzimba obuyi-59-71 cm, iphiko elinamasentimitha angama-157-99 cm, nesisindo somzimba esingu-1.6-3.2 kg. I-dimorphism yezocansi ayivezwanga, izintokazi zikhulu kunabesilisa. I-plumage yezinyoni ezindala (kusuka eminyakeni emithathu ubudala nangaphezulu) icacile, inombala onsundu, ingemuva lekhanda nangaphansi komsila ilula kancane. Izimpaphe zezimpaphe zimnyama ngezisekelo ezikhanyayo zamagabha angaphakathi, izimpaphe zomsila zimsundu onsundu, kwesinye isikhathi zibe nephethini le-blackish transverse. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kutholakala abantu abathile lapho umbala omkhulu onsundu uthathelwa indawo yi-buffy-yellowish. Ebantwini abasha, amaplamu anezindawo zokukhanya ezinjengamaphonsa ohlangothini olungaphezulu lomzimba, kunokuhlukahluka okukhanyayo okufanekisela phambili ithoni yegolide. Ezingubo eziphakathi nendawo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu ze-ocher kancane kancane kuyancipha. Umlomo nezinzipho zimnyama. I-wax kanye nemilenze ophuzi. Izinyawo zifakwe ezinzwaneni.

Ukudla kwezinkozi ezinamalebe kungamagundane (iningi lama-voles amanzi), ezihuquzelayo, ezinamaphiko nezinyoni ezincane. Efuna ukudla, unyuka endaweni ephakeme noma efuna inyamazane, ehamba phansi ngezinyawo.

Ukhozi olukhulu olubonakalayo ezihlahleni zezihlahla. Isidleke senyoni esisodwa sivame ukusetshenziswa kaningana. NgoMeyi, insikazi ibeka ama-1-3, kepha amaqanda ama-motley ama-2. Amaqanda okuqala nawesibili abekwa ngasikhathi sinye, kepha ukufukelwa kuqala ngeqanda lokuqala. Izinkukhu zibambe ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40 zokuqhanyelwa. Inkukhu encane kunazo zonke, eboshwe eqandeni elibekwe owesibili, ishushiswa endala futhi, njengomthetho, iyafa emasontweni amabili okuqala empilo. Eminyakeni engama-8-9 amasonto, amantshontsho amakhulu amashiya abamba iphiko, futhi, ngokuya ngendawo eyakha isidleke, ngoSepthemba noma ngo-Okthoba, izinkozi ezinamabala zindizela ubusika.

(Clanga pomarina)

Idla kusuka eCentral naseMpumalanga Yurophu eningizimu-mpumalanga yeTurkey neNyakatho-Ntshonalanga Iran; kunabantu abahlukile eNdiya naseBurma. Le inyoni efudukayo, ubusika babantu baseYurophu ebusika e-Afrika. Ihlala emahlathini nasehlathini-steppe, evame ukutholakala emahlathini axubile futhi aqobayo, kanye nasezigodini zemifula nasemingceleni yamamitha emvula. Ibanjelwe endaweni ephakeme kuze kufike ku-1000 m ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ubude bomzimba bungu-62-65 cm, amaphiko acishe abe ngu-150 cm kanti isisindo singama-1.5-1,8 kg. Le nyoni ifana kakhulu nokhozi olukhulu olunamabala, kepha incane ngosayizi futhi inenqwaba elula. Kwinyoni endala, iplamu linsundu, ingaphezulu lekhanda nasemuva kwentamo kukhanya, umucu uvame ukuba nomugqa omhlophe, izimpaphe zamaphiko zinsundu ngombala, izimpaphe zamaphiko zinsundu noma ziluhlaza okotshani, i-trickle imbozwe izimpaphe, i-wax neminwe iphuzi. Le nyoni encane inombala onsundu, inendawo ebonakalayo ebonakalayo ngemuva kwekhanda, emaphikweni phezulu komugqa owodwa wamabala amhlophe ngaphezulu komsila, umucu omhlophe onsundu. Uthingo kubantu abadala lunombala ophuzi onsundu, ngombala omncane onsundu. U-Bill umnyama onsundu, u-waxen, ukuvela komlomo nama-paws aphuzi, uzipho lumnyama. Indiza ilula, imvamisa kunezinkozi ezinkulu, isebenzisa indiza ebalekayo. Uhamba kahle emhlabathini. Lapho indiza, amakhemikhali ngokuvamile “ambalwa ngomunwe”.

Udla izilwane ezinhlobonhlobo - amagundane amancane, ama hares amancane (awakwazi ukubhekana nabantu abadala), izinyoka, amasele, izibungu. Iyakwazi ukuhlasela omakhelwane abanezinwele, ikhethe izinyoni ezinosayizi abaphakathi, futhi ayizideli izinambuzane - isikhonyane, izintethe, njll.

Intwasahlobo ivela eminyakeni eyishumi kaMashi. Ukufuduka kuyaqhubeka kuze kube ishumi lesibili lika-Ephreli. Inyoni eyinduna.Igcina amaqanda ngo-Ephreli. Ukubekwa okugcwele amaqanda ama-2. Insikazi ifaka izinsuku ezingama 38-43. Amathanga avela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi, ashiye isidleke ngo-Agasti. Njengomthetho, kusinda inkukhu eyodwa kuphela. I-Autumn iqala ukundiza ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Ifinyelela ekuthweni eminyakeni engu-3-4 yokuphila.

(Clanga hasata)

Izinhlobo zohlobo lweMfuyo eBangladesh, eCambodia, India, eMyanmar naseNepal. Ihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo nezomile ezishisayo, amasimu nomhlaba wokulima. Ngokungafani nokhozi olukhulu olunamabala, izindawo zokuhlala zaseNdiya azihlobene neze nemizimba yamanzi.

Umzimba ungama-65 cm ubude futhi unamaphiko angama-cm angama-150. ukhozi olude, oluphakathi nendawo olunamaphiko amafushane, ububanzi nomsila omfushane. Umbala wezinyoni ezindala ulula kancane, kanti i-iris imnyama kakhulu kunaleyo ezinye izinkozi eziboniwe. Ikhanda likhulu maqondana nosayizi womzimba.

Lolu hlobo lwesidalwa esinamandla esidonsa inyamazane, ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane, emhlabathini ezindaweni ezivulekile ngaphakathi noma eduze nehlathi. Ubuye azingele amasele nezinyoni.

(Ictinaetus malaiensis)

Le yinyoni exazululekile emahlathini aseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia: iBangladesh, iBhutan, iBrunei, iCambodia, iChina, India, i-Indonesia, iLaos, iMalaysia, iMyanmar, iNepal, iPakistan, iSri Lanka, iTaiwan, iThailand, iVietnam, iSulawesi neMoluccas.

Ubukhulu bomuntu omdala ngu-70-80 cm, amaphiko ayi-164-88 cm kanti isisindo somzimba singama-1-1,6 kg. Ihlukaniswa yi-physique ebukeka kahle, isisindo somzimba esiphansi nezimpiko ezinde kakhulu, nangomlomo omncane ongenamandla. Ngemuva kwekhanda kukhona i-crest encane. Umsila mude. Umbala wezinyoni ezindala umnyama, kuphela ngaphansi kwamehlo kukhona ibala elimhlophe. I-nuft ngmpunga ngephethini emhlophe eguqukayo. Umbala womsila umnyama ngemivimbo e-grey transverse. Uqhwaku limpunga, i-iris imnyama nsundu, imilenze iphuzi.

Ukudla kokhozi lwe-ovid kubanzi impela futhi kufaka izinambuzane ezinkulu, izilwane ezincelisayo ezincane (kufaka amalulwane), ezihuquzelayo nezinye izinyoni. Kodwa-ke, isisekelo sokudla sakhiwa amaqanda ezinyoni nezidleke ezisezidlekeni. Kwesinye isikhathi ukhozi luthatha isidleke sezinyoni luphelele ukuze lukudle okuqukethwe kwalo endaweni eseceleni. Izici ezihlelekile zezidladla zakhe zisetshenziswe kahle kulokhu - iminwe yangaphandle kanye nozipho kuzo kuncane kakhulu, kodwa kuyo yonke eminye iminwe izindlebe zinde kakhulu.

Izinduna ezihlahleni. Imvamisa ku-clutch 1 noma amaqanda ama-2 ngegobolondo elinemibala ehlukahlukene.

Ukhozi - ibhubesi lomndeni wezinyoni kusiko

Uma ibhubesi libhekwa njengenkosi yezilwane, khona-ke ukhozi luyinkosi phakathi kwezinyoni. Impucuko yasendulo yayikholelwa ekuxhumaneni okukhethekile kwezinkozi nelanga. Ngakho-ke, ezinganekwaneni zaseSumeriya kunenganekwane mayelana nokuthi ukhozi lwayihambisa kanjani inkosi u-Ethan ezulwini. EbuHindu, le nyoni yayihlotshaniswa nonkulunkulu uVishnu, naphakathi kwamaBuddha - noBuddha. KumaGrikhi asendulo, ukhozi lwe-steppe luwuphawu lukaZeus. AmaPheresiya anonkulunkulu uMithra.

Ababhali basendulo baseRoma uLucan noPliny the Old wabhala ukuthi izinkozi azikwazi ukubheka ilanga ngaphandle kokuqhafaza, zinquma ukuthi iyiphi ingane engasinda. Uma iphuphu lalinamabala, libheka inkanyezi, laxoshwa esidlekeni.

Izithombe zokhozi zingolunye lwezimpawu ezivame kakhulu ekuphakamiseni. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, izithombe zezinkozi ezihlala phansi nezidonsayo ezingalweni ziyaziwa. Izithombe zamakhanda nezimpiko zokhozi kwakungajwayelekile kangako.

Ukhozi olunamakhanda amabili laluwuphawu loMbuso waseByzantine. Izithombe ezingezansi ezaziwayo zama-triceps okhozi. Kuvela isithombe esifanayo e-Grand Palace ePeterhof. Isiko mayelana nezinkozi ezinamakhanda amathathu zitholakala ezindabeni zaseChechen, Evenk naseYakut. Kukhulunywa ngokhozi olunamakhanda amathathu encwadini ye-Ezra, eyabonakala emakhulwini okuqala esikhathi sethu.

Izithombe zokhozi zikhona ezingalweni zamazwe angaphezu kweshumi nambili.

E-United States, kunomthetho okhethekile ovumela ukusetshenziswa kwezimpaphe zokhozi kuphela ngezinjongo ezingokomoya nezenkolo, futhi kuphela kubantu besinye sezizwe zaseMelika ezaziwa ngokuhlanganyela.

Iso elokhozi

Umphenyi ovela kukhathuni "iBremen Town Musicians" (1969) waqhosha engomeni ethi unekhala elinjengezinja kanye neso elinjengelozi. Umbono wezinyoni ungafikelwa umona. Uma iso lomuntu likwazi ukugxila endabeni eyodwa kuphela, khona-ke i-aquiline - kukabili ngasikhathi sinye. Futhi ivikelwe ngamakhulu amabili eminyaka. I-Transparent - ivikela iso ngesikhathi sendiza, ne-opaque - ikuvumela ukuba ulale.

Ukusuka ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-3000, lezi zinyoni ezidla inyama ziyakwazi ukubona izisulu zikakhokho omdala endaweni engaphezulu kwamakhilomitha ayi-11. I-angle eyindilinga yokhozi ingama-270 degrees.

Ukhozi: Inkinga Yempilo Yasemini

Ebantwini, ubunzima bokuphila kwabantu besilisa buqala eminyakeni yobudala engama-40. Njengoba sesiphile iminyaka engamashumi amane, okhozi aluzibeki ngokweqile izinto eziza kuqala empilweni, njengabantu, kepha lubhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu zomzimba. Izimpaphe esifubeni ziyaonda, okudala ukuthi izindiza zezindiza ziwohloke, izindlanzana ziba buthaka, futhi kunzima ukubamba inyamazane, futhi uqhwaku lukhula ukuze lungavumeli ukudonsa inyamazane.

Cishe izinyanga ezinhlanu, ukhozi luphinde luzalwe kabusha. Uqhwaku luyawa, futhi ukhozi lulindile luze luqine ngokwanele. Ngazo udonsa izimpaphe ezindala nezihlakala. Njengoba isindile kwinqubo yokuvuselela, le nyoni ingaphila eminye iminyaka engama-40.

Ukukhohlisa kokhozi

Inkulumo ethi "swan fidelity" isibe uphawu lothando lwaphakade lwalo mbhangqwana. Kepha okhozi abalingani abethembekile njengabasesibayeni. Zibuye zidale umbhangqwana empilweni. Abantu banesikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-35 yokuhlala ndawonye okuthiwa umshado wamakhorali. Izazi zesayensi yezempilo yezinkanyezi zaqopha izinkozi ezimbili ezazingasho usuku olufanayo.

Ukhozi luyakwazi ukuzitika emoyeni. Bangabazali abayizibonelo. Izinyoni zakha izidleke phezulu ezihlahleni noma ezintabeni ukuvikela inzalo ezilwaneni ezidla lubi futhi zinikeze ukubonakala okuhle kakhulu. Isidleke sisetshenziswa njengokuqamekela lapho umhlaseli elindela inyamazane.

Izazi zezinzwa zathola izidleke ezingabathola kalula abesilisa ababili abadala. Izinkozi azizishiyi izidleke zazo, noma ngabe zilimele. Izinyoni zithanda ukubuyisela okukhona kunokudala ezintsha. Abalokothi banikeze inzalo, noma ukuze basinde.

Amaqanda aqandula womabili amaqabane. Ukhozi lwensika lungahudula amantshontsho amathathu. Ezinye izinhlobo zinokuncane. Ngemuva kokuvela kwenzalo, izibopho zihlukaniswe ngokusobala.

Owesilisa uletha inyamazane, insikazi inakekela amachwane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umsebenzi wesifazane akulula. Uma kunezinkukhu ezingaphezu kwesisodwa esidlekeni, izinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala zincintisana ngolaka nomunye, zizama ukukhipha umfo esidlekeni.

Ezinyangeni ezintathu ubudala, amakhozi aqala ukundiza azingele yedwa. Kuyamangaza ukuthi abazali bayihlwitha inzalo inyamazane uma bebona ukuthi ukhozi luyasaba ukuphuma esidlekeni. Noma zingakhishwa ngaphandle esidlekeni bese zibanjwa indiza uma ukhozi zingafuni ukundiza zodwa.

Ukhozi - uyaziqhenya phakathi kwezinyoni

Isithombe sokhozi sinikeza umbono wesidlakela njengokuziqhenya. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso. Shono amaSlavs asendulo ayekholelwa ukuthi inyoni iyinkosi ezulwini. Ukhozi luthanda ukuhlala phezulu futhi kude nezinye izihlobo. Zisendaweni futhi azihambi emhlambini.

Ukhozi alungesabi. EMongolia, izinyoni eziqeqeshiwe zazisetshenziselwa ukuzingela izimpisi. Izinyoni ngaphandle kokwesaba zingahlasela isilwane, esikhulu futhi sinamandla kunabo.

Enye yezitha zemvelo zezinkozi izinyoka ezingena izidleke zifuna amaqanda. U-Eaglet ugijimela ngesibindi endaweni yezilwane zasendle ezinobuthi, angazivikeli ebuthi. Ufaka amabele, avikele inzalo. Lapho inyoka ilahlekelwa ukuphonswa, inyoni ibopha ikhanda layo ngoqhwaku lwayo.

Izinkozi zihlanzekile futhi azondli ku-carrion. Encwadini yenoveli kaPushkin ethi "Indodakazi Yenduna" uPugachev utshela lo mlingisi ngendaba yakhe ayizwa ebuntwaneni. Imayelana nokuthi ukhozi lunqume kanjani ukuthola ukuthi kungani luphila kangaka, kanti igwababa lineminyaka engamakhulu amathathu ubudala. URaven uthe imfihlo yokuphila kwakhe isikhathi eside ekudleni. Udla i-carrion, kanti ukhozi udla inyama entsha.

Empilweni, okhozi ngeke luthinte isidumbu.Ezilwane zasendle ngezikhathi ezilambile, izinkozi ziyaguquka ziyotshala ukudla. Kuthunjiwe kuphela lapho balahlekelwe yintshisekelo yempilo futhi bangadla inyama ebolile ukuze basinde. Futhi ekuthunjweni, izinkozi azizali.

Hunter nomphangi

Ukhozi, olunesithombe salo esithandekayo ngesikhathi sokuzingela, luyakwazi ukundiza isikhathi eside ukuphakama futhi lujikijele itshe lapho liphangwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukhozi olubanjwe yilesi silwane asibulale ngokushesha. Umyisa esidlekeni ukuze amachwane afunde ukuphatha inyamazane.

Ukuze kubanjwe inyamazane, izinkozi zilungele ukuphanga. Bangakwazi ukuthatha inyamazane kwezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama nezinye izilwane, njengezimpungushe.

Ukhozi luyakwazi ukubamba izinyoni ezincane kule mpukane, zigijimele kuzo zisuka phezulu. Banamandla kangangoba bangakhuphula inyamazane emhlabathini.

Phakathi kwezinkozi kukhona nezidlela zemifino. Isibonelo, ukhozi noma isundu, elihlala e-Afrika, lithanda inyama yesundu ekudleni kwenyama.

Isitha somuntu

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zokhozi ziyakwazi ukuzingela izilwane ezinkulu. Isibonelo, ePhilippines, kunezinkozi ezinkulu ezibizwa ngamahabhu noma abadla izinkawu. Bayakwazi ukuthwala uqhwaku hhayi inkawu kuphela, kepha nembuzi noma umdondoshiya.

Ezinye izinhlobo zezinkozi zilwela ukuhlasela abantu. Ngakho-ke, ngonyaka we-2012, eCanada Montreal, ukhozi lwacishe lwadonsela ingane epaki yedolobha. Ngo-2016, kwenzeka isigameko esifanayo nase-Australia, lapho inyoni izamile ukuhudula ingane ebhajwe ku-zipper kuma-hoodies. Ochwepheshe basikisela ukuthi bekungumsindo wokuvula nokuvala imibani okuheha inyoni edla inyama.

NgoSepthemba 2019, ukhozi lwahlasela ingane eTopiya. Le nyoni, isithombe sayo engeke yenziwe, yabamba ingane ngezingubo zayo kodwa ayizange ihambe, yize wayekhale lo mama. Amaphoyisa athole imiyalo yokuthi abulale ukhozi, kepha wabaleka endaweni yesehlakalo. Umfana wabulawa ngamanxeba akhe.

Ngokufanele, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi imisebenzi yabantu iholele eqinisweni lokuthi izinhlobo eziningi zokhozi eMhlabeni zisemaphethelweni wokuqothulwa. Ngokwezibalo, ngaphezu kwe-60% yokufa kwezinyoni kwenzeka ngenxa yamaphutha abantu (isibhamu, ukushayisana ngezintambo noma izakhiwo, njll.). Kepha laba bantu bakhathazekile kakhulu kunamacala ngamanye okuhlaselwa yizinyoni.

Uphawu lwaseMelika - isihlobo sokhozi

Ukhozi oluyimpandla, olukhonjiswe kwi-US Press, luyisihlobo sezinkozi futhi lungowomndeni ofanayo nabo. Obaba abasungula bakhetha ngamabomu le nyoni ukwenza uphawu lwesimo esisha luhluke kulabo abaziwayo.

Ngekhulu le-18, izinkozi zaziyimpawu zamandla amaningi. Ngakho-ke, abantu baseMelika bakhetha isihlobo sabo esiseduze kakhulu. Akufani ngokubukeka kuphela, kepha nokudla. Izinkozi zidla izinhlanzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, bavele ezweni labazingeli. Ukuvikela insimu nokuheha insikazi, ukhozi luhlela umbukiso. Kwenza umsindo omkhulu, ushone phansi, ujikeleze ngendlela eyindilinga futhi kukhombisa ulaka maqondana nezinye izinyoni.

Izinkozi ngamagama ezindawo eziningi

Idolobha laseRussia i-Oryol akusona ukuphela kwesibonelo lapho indawo yokuhlala yaqanjwa ngegama lenyoni eziqhoshayo. Igama "Ukhozi" ngamagama ezindaweni zokuhlala likhona. Kunemizana enegama elithi Ukhozi ezindaweni eziseRussia nasePrimorsky zaseRussia. Idolobhana lase-Oryol lisesifundeni i-Odessa e-Ukraine kanye nesifunda saseNyakatho Kazakhstan.

EYurophu naseMelika, igama elithi Ukhozi libuye livame ngamagama endawo. Isibonelo, eFrance kusukela ngekhulu le-XI kukhona idolobha laseL'Egel, elithi, ngokusho kwenganekwane, elasungulwa esizeni sesidleke sokhozi. Umndeni wobumbano kaL'Egel, owasungula lo mzana, wasebenzisa ukhozi engubeni yempi.

Ukhozi luyinyoni edla inyama eye yaba nomthelela omuhle emasikweni esintu. Izinganekwane eziphathelene nezokhozi zingatholakala ezinganekwaneni zezizwe eziningi, nezithombe zezinyoni - ezingalweni nasefulethini lezifundazwe eziningi.

Ukubuka izinkozi, abantu bafunda okuningi ngama-aerodynamics. Ngasikhathi sinye, sibonga abantu, izinyoni zalolu hlobo ezingxenyeni eziningi zomhlaba zazisondele kakhulu ekuqothulweni.