Futhi ake sicabange ukuthi kuzokwenzekani uma lina imvula ogwadule? Ngabe ibukeka kanjani le ndawo emangalisayo?

Ugwadule lungahluka kakhulu: ubumba, i-solonchak, idwala, isihlabathi. Kepha onke anesihlakala esisodwa - isimo sezulu esomile, cishe azikho izimbali, nezilwane eziqonde ngqo.

Kukhona umbono wokuthi akunakubakho imvula ogwadule , kepha akukhona kanjalo, lina lina lapho, kepha kuyaqabukela, futhi uma liqhubeka kuyimvula enkulu.

Kepha izimvula ezimweni eziningi ziyahwamuka, zingaze zifinyelele phezulu enkangala, futhi amaphesenti amancane omswakama afinyelela emhlabathini nasemhlabathini emhlabathini.

Inani lemvula likhona lingaphansi kakhulu kokuhwamuka ngenxa yesimo sezulu esishisayo, yingakho umhlaba ubizwa ngokuthi ugwadule.

Manje kwenzekani uma izimvula ogwadule ziyefana nezethu, futhi zivame ukuhamba?

Abanye ososayensi baqinisekisa ukuthi ngeke kube yihlane, kepha kube ngumhlaba ogelezayo onezitshalo zikanokusho. Njengesibonelo, eyomile kunazo zonke EChilean Atacama Desert .

Ngemuva kokuba lina isikhathi eside, yavele yaqhakaza. Lana isikhathi esingamahora ayi-12, kepha lokhu kwanele ukuvuselela izitshalo ezilele.

Besingacabangi ukuthi isimo sezulu singavusa kangaka izinkambu zezimbali eziqhakazile ! Kepha uma entwasahlobo eningizimu kunezimpophoma, khona-ke izimbali zokulala ngaphansi kukagwadule kuze kube nguNovemba zivuselela, futhi zisongele ugwadule ngamasimu amahle wezimbali.

Ososayensi bathi uma ugwadule luhlela ukuchelela kwenhlabathi, khona-ke la mazwe azophenduka amasimu amahle kakhulu wokuqhakaza izimbali.

Kepha kuyakufanele yini? Yize kunjalo, imvelo kamama uqobo isinike ugwadule, futhi lokho kusho ukuthi idinga okuthile.

Imvula eyomile ivelaphi

Kuyaziwa ukuthi imvula iwela emafwini akha umkhathi phezulu futhi iyimbangela yokuhanjiswa kwamanzi kusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Amafu amakhulu, njengomthetho, abonisa ukuna komhlaba okusondele emhlabeni, okungase kuwele emhlabeni ngesimo se-hoarfrost, amazolo, isichotho, imvula, noma into eyingqayizivele ngokuphelele - imvula eyomile.

Imvula eyomile ijwayelekile ezifundeni ezomile zoMhlaba, ezinokushisa okuphezulu komoya kanye nomswakama ophansi. Ngakho-ke, imvamisa le nto ibonwa ezinkangala, njengeSahara, iNamib, iKalahari, iGobi nezinye.

Amafomu emvula amnyama ngendlela efanayo nemvula ejwayelekile noma enye imvula. Ukusuka kumaconsi amancane amancane omswakama afakwe emafwini futhi ahlangane ndawonye, ​​akha amaconsi amakhulu, anqobe amandla amaza omoya akhuphukela esibhakabhakeni futhi asheshe afike ebusweni bomhlaba ngaphansi kwesenzo sokudonsa amandla.

Ngaphezulu kwezindawo ezomile, lapho inani elikhulu lesihlabathi ligxiliwe, kuvela izinhlayiya zothuli emoyeni, ezisheshisa inqubo yokuncibilikisa. Ogwadule, izinga lokushisa lomoya liphakeme kakhulu, kepha umswakama ohlobene kakhulu uphansi kakhulu, ngakho-ke amaconsi emvula aphumela kalula avele emoyeni ngaphandle kokuthinta indawo yoMhlaba.

Lapho usubone ubuhle bendawo yasezulwini ngesikhathi semvula eyomile, futhi uzizwe uphoxekile futhi ujabule, ngenkathi ubuka lo mkhuba, ungathandana nogwadule kuze kube phakade!

Alikho ithemba lemvula

Uma imvula ogwadule iyivelakancane, khona-ke, kunzima ukuqagela kwezulu. Ngakho-ke, idatha emvuleni yemvula ezindaweni eziyomile kufanele icatshangwe ngokucophelela.

Ngakho-ke, ogwadule lwaseGobabeb, enkabeni yeNamibia, imvula ephakathi nonyaka iba ngu-17 mm, kepha eminyakeni ethile leli nani lifinyelela ku-150 mm. Ukuphambuka okunjalo kusuka ekujuleni kwezulu okutholakele njengomphumela wokubonwa kwesikhathi eside kungachazwa umphumela we-El Nino. Into yesimo sezulu iletha imvula eningi ngokungajwayelekile ogwini olusentshonalanga yeSouth America.
Ngakho-ke, eLima (Peru) ngonyaka we-1925, ngenani eliphakathi nendawo lama-49 mm, ngaphezulu kwe-1,500 mm yezulu kwehla.

ENingizimu yeSahara, kunqamula umngcele ongaqiqiyo, ngaphezu kwalokhu okungama-200 mm kwezulu kwehla njalo ngonyaka. Kepha ngeminyaka eyomile ka-1980- 1884, le ndlela yahamba ibanga elingama-240 km eningizimu, kwathi ngemuva kuka-1985 yaphinde yathuthukela enyakatho. Kulesi sifaniso, ukuna kwezulu kwehla ngokungajwayelekile.

Kwesinye isikhathi izimvula ogwadule isikhathi esifushane ziba kakhulu. Zivame ukuhambisana nezivunguvungu ezibangelwa ukushisa okukhulu ebusweni boMhlaba. Ngezinsuku ezimbalwa, imvula yonyaka ingawa. Lakanye ogwadule lwaseThaar (West Indies) ngezinsuku ezimbili, ama-864 mm kwezulu wehla ngesilinganiso sonyaka esingu-127 mm. ENamib, esisogwini lwe-Atlantic eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Afrika, ngesilinganiso samanani aphakeme angama-17 mm ngesikhathi sesiphepho esisodwa, imvula engama-50 mm yawa ngendlela yesidina eside.

Imvula enkulu, amazolo nenkungu

Izimvula ogwadweni zehla ngokungahambisani, zamandla ahlukahlukene futhi zisatshalaliswa ngokungalingani. ESahara, ngokwesibonelo, lapho lina lina, kuvela amabala aluhlaza. Ukuqothuka kungenzeka futhi ngesimo senkungu noma amazolo.

Ugwadule olomile kunawo wonke emhlabeni we-Atacama (eChile) namanzi okuphuza endawo atholakala enkungwini ebubende kakhulu. Ezindaweni ezishisayo ezitholakala kude nolwandle, ukuhanjiswa kwezulu kungenzeka ngohlobo lwamazolo. Isibonelo, eGibhithe Sahara, inani lomswakama onjalo ngonyaka lingama-25-35 mm kwezulu. Ezindaweni eziwomile zemvula eshisayo ebusika nobusika bawo obubandayo, iqhwa liyawa. Ekukhuleni kwezitshalo, ukwabiwa kwemvula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuyanquma, futhi amanzi emvelweni yiyona nto esemqoka yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo.

Lapho lina ugwadule

Imvula yasogwadule kungenzeka ivele ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka:

• ENorth American Sonora (emngceleni we-US-Mexico) neNingizimu Afrika iKara, kunezikhathi ezimbili ezimfishane zemvula minyaka yonke.
• Enyakatho yeSahara, eMojave (eNyakatho Melika, eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-United States) nasehlane u-Asia, lina kuphela ebusika.
• Futhi eningizimu yeSahara nangaphakathi kweNamib, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lina kuphela ehlobo.

Ukunisela Ogwadule

Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi izingwadule eziningi zingaphenduka izingadi eziqhakaza zisebenzisa ukunisela.

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Kodwa-ke, ukunakekelwa okukhulu kuyadingeka lapha lapho kuklanywa amasistimu wokunisela ezindaweni ezomile kakhulu, ngoba kunengozi enkulu yokulahleka okukhulu kokuswakama okuphuma emiseleni nasemiseleni yokunisela. Lapho amanzi ewela emhlabathini, kukhuphuka izinga lamanzi aphansi komhlaba, futhi lokhu kumazinga okushisa aphakeme nakumaxhego anomthelela ekukhuphukeni kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba kuya kungaphezulu komhlaba kanye nokuhwamuka okwengeziwe. Usawoti oncibilikisiwe kula manzi aqoqana engxenyeni engaphezulu yomthelela futhi ekufakeleni usawoti kuwo.

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Kubakhileyo bomhlaba wethu, inkinga yokuguqula izingwadule zibe yizindawo ezizolungela impilo yabantu bekulokhu kufanelekile. Le ndaba izosebenza futhi ngoba eminyakeni engamakhulu ambalwa edlule, hhayi nje ukuthi inani leplanethi lenyukile, kepha futhi nenani lezindawo ezihlala ogwadule. Futhi imizamo yokunisela izindawo ezomileyo kuze kube kuleli qophelo ayizange iholele emiphumeleni ebonakalayo.

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Lo mbuzo kudala wabuzwa ngabachwepheshe benkampani yaseSwitzerland iMeteo Systems. Ngo-2010, ososayensi baseSwitzerland bahlaziya ngokucophelela wonke amaphutha adlule futhi bakha umklamo onamandla obangela imvula.
Eduze kwedolobha lase-Al Ain, elisogwadule, ochwepheshe bafaka ama-ionizer angama-20, afana nesibani nezindlu ezinkulu. Ehlobo, lokhu kufakwa kwethulwa ngokusemthethweni. I-70% yezilingo kweziyikhulu yaphela ngempumelelo. Lokhu kungumphumela omuhle kakhulu wokuxazululwa kwemali engonakalisiwe ngamanzi. Manje, izakhamizi zase-Al Ain ngeke zisacabanga ngokuthuthela emazweni achuma kakhudlwana. Amanzi ahlanzekile atholakala ngokuduma kwezulu angahlanzwa kalula bese asetshenziselwa izidingo zasendlini. Futhi kubiza okungaphansi kakhulu kokuchithwa kwamanzi anosawoti.

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Asebenza kanjani la madivaysi?

Amayoni akhokhiswa ugesi, akhiqizwa ngamanani amakhulu ngama-aggregates, ahlelwe ngezinhlayiya zothuli. Kunezinhlayiya eziningi zothuli emoyeni wasogwadule. Umoya oshisayo, oshiswa usuka esihlabathini esishisayo, ukhuphukela emkhathini bese ukhipha izinsalela zothuli emoyeni. Lezi zinqwaba zothuli ziheha izinhlayiya zamanzi, zizondle nazo. Futhi ngenxa yale nqubo, amafu anothuli ayaba yimvula abuyele emhlabeni ngesimo semvula nokuduma kwezulu.

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Vele, lokhu kufakwa kungenzeka kungaze kusetshenziswe kuzo zonke izintethe; umswakama womoya ukuze usebenze ngempumelelo kufanele okungenani kube ngama-30%. Kepha lokhu kufakwa kungayixazulula impela inkinga yendawo yokushoda kwamanzi ezindaweni eziyindawo eyomile.