Sesibhale kakade ngezidleke zezinyoni ezingaziwa kakhulu. Futhi namhlanje sizokhuluma ngamaqanda ezinyoni: amakhulu, amancane, amahle futhi angajwayelekile.
ikiwi
Izinyoni ze-kiwi zase-Australia ziphethe amaqanda amakhulu kakhulu ahlobene nesisindo somzimba (ama-20% esisindo sazo). Kuthatha inyanga ukuthi i-kiwi ikhiphe iqanda elilodwa. Ezinsukwini zokugcina ngaphambi kokubekwa, inyoni ayisakwazi ukudla: iqanda lithatha isikhala esiningi ngaphakathi. Kepha amaqanda alobukhulu anezinzuzo: awadingi ukufakelwa engashisi, futhi ngaphakathi kunezakhi eziningi zomzimba lapho amathole azalwa emkhulu futhi esivele eselungile.
I-X-ray yensikazi kiwi ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokubeka amaqanda (isithombe esivela lapha)
Nayi i-kiwi enamaqanda:
Emu
I-emu ithwelwe amaqanda amahle ngokuhle futhi aqhelelene kancane: ubucwebe obugqamile, i-emerald noma ulwandle oluhlaza okotshani abancane, abancane.
Ama-Guillemots
Izinyoni zasolwandle ezingama-taagull ziye zaphonsa amaqanda. Lezi zinyoni zidla emiqhudelwaneni emikhulu emadwaleni bese zibeka amaqanda azo ngqo ematsheni ngaphandle kokwakha izidleke. Kubonakala sengathi kusuka kunoma yiliphi i-jolt noma i-gust yomoya, amaqanda angakwazi ukugoqa phansi aphule. Kepha empeleni lokhu akwenzeki. Amaqanda akhonjwe kakhulu kusukela komunye umkhawulo, ngakho-ke lapho ecindezela, awazigingci, kepha amane ajikeleze izimbambo zawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphathini eyenziwe ngamaqanda yehlukile, ngakho-ke noma iqanda lihlehla ngengozi libuyele komakhelwane, abazali bahlala bebona ukwakheka kwabo ngephethini yamagobolondo.
Chinamu
Izinyoni zakwa-Tinamu ezifana namaphethelo, ezihlala eNingizimu naseMelika Ephakathi, zinamaqanda amahle kakhulu amaqanda ama-Ista. Zingaba izithunzi ezahlukahlukene eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsundu, ophuzi nohlaza, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - zikhanya sengathi zisanda kuhlotshwa umhluzi.
I-Mountain Bunting
I-oatmeal yasezintabeni ingatholakala eYurophu, nase-Asia, nase-Afrika. Amaqanda akhe embozwe imigqa enhle kakhulu ekhipha umoya olingisa iziqu zotshani.
isithombe esivela lapha
I-Mountain Bunting (isithombe esivela lapha)
I-Hummingbird
Kuyacaca ukuthi izinyoni ezincane kunazo zonke zibeka amaqanda amancane kakhulu. Kepha ngisho phakathi kwalezi zingane kunabanqobi. Phakathi kwezinsimbi zokushibilika zohlobo lwe-hummingb nazo zonke izinyoni, amaqanda amancane encanyana ye-hummingbird yilezi: yileso naleso sinesisindo esingaphansi kwegramu futhi silingana nethanga.
isithombe esivela lapha
Inyosi yeHummingbird (isithombe esivela lapha)
Izintshe zase-Afrika
Amaqanda amakhulu kakhulu izintshe zase-Afrika. Ubude beqanda bungafinyelela amasentimitha angama-20, futhi lube nesisindo esingaba amakhilogremu amabili. Igobolondo lamaqanda ezintshe liqinile kakhulu futhi liwugqinsi - ukusekela isisindo somzali, ofaka i-clutch. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaphuphu, enza amakhanda awo, aqandeke nge-hematomas ngemuva kwekhanda, okuyinto, kepha, idlula ngokushesha okukhulu.
Izintshe zase-Afrika kumaskandi (isithombe esivela lapha)
I-brown-winged plover
Amaqanda weplover-olunamaphiko ansundu cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba uwaqaphele. Zihlanzeke ngokuphelele njengotshani obuzungezile, izimbotshana kanye nomhlaba.
isithombe esivela lapha
I-brown-winged plover (isithombe esivela lapha)
Ukuzulazula kwe-Wandering
I-thrush eyindilinga, ibhabhu elincane elinesifuba esibomvu, elivame ukubonakala eNyakatho Melika, linamaqanda acwebezelayo, amaqanda angenabala. Owesifazane kuphela ofaka amaqanda. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngemuva kokuhlala phezu kwabo imizuzu engaba ngu-40, ubaphendulela kolunye uhlangothi ayothenga ukudla.
I-Wandering Thrush (isithombe esivela lapha)
Hoopoe
IHoopoes ikhipha imfihlo e-brown enephunga elimnandi elihlanganisa amaqanda. Ezinye izinyoni zivame ukusebenzisa imfihlo efanayo evikelwe yi-coccygeal gland ukufaka izimpaphe. Kepha kuma-hoopoes, le nto igcwele ngamagciwane. Ososayensi baphakamisa ukuthi ngaphakathi kwamaqanda ahlanganiswe nawo kukhona amagciwane angalimali kangako, okungukuthi, abazali bakha uhlobo lwesihlangu sokulwa namaqanda.
Chinamu
UChinamu - izinyoni zacishe zaziwa ngabantu abaningi ngenxa yendlela yokuzifihla. AmaChinamou ayingqayizivele kangangokuba abelwe eqenjini elihlukile le-Tinamoobraznyh, kufaka phakathi izinhlobo ezingama-47. Ngasikhathi sinye, ezinye izici ze-anatomical zibasondeza eNanda, ezingabhekwa njengezihlobo ezikude zalezi zinyoni.
UCrested Chinamu (Eudromia elegans).
Iningi le-tinamu liphakathi ngosayizi futhi lifinyelela ubude obungu-20-30 cm, i-tinamu encane kunazo zonke emincane inobude bomzimba ongu-12-13 cm, futhi itamu enkulu enkulu kunazo zonke - amasentimitha angama-50. Ngokuqala nje, i-tinamu ifana kakhulu namapharaji, inenhloko encane , intamo yobude obuphakathi, amaphiko amafushane angenamandla nemilenze eqinile. Uzinzo lwangemuva lwe-chinamu kungenzeka ukuthi alukho noma aluthengiswanga kahle, okubenza basondelane ne-rhea nezintshe. Umsila umfishane kakhulu futhi awubonakali ngaphansi kwezimpaphe zomsila eziphakeme, lapho lezi zinyoni kwesinye isikhathi zibizwa ngokuthi yimisila yokumboza. Imibala kaChinamu inesizotha esikhulu, mpunga, nsundu nesihlabathi, futhi iphethini lezinsiba limibalabala futhi ligobile. Izimpaphe ngokwazo zithambile, ezinye izinhlobo zingaba nekhanda emakhanda azo. I-dimorphism yezocansi ivezwa buthaka futhi yehlisa umehluko omncane ngosayizi, futhi ku-tinamu, izinsikazi zikhulu kunezabesilisa.
IChinamus itholakala kulo lonke elaseNingizimu Melika, kanti izinhlobo ezi-4 sezingene eMelika Ephakathi. Lezi zinyoni zihlala ezinhlobonhlobo zama-biotope: zingatholakala emahlathini ashisayo, kanye nama-shrubbery, kanye nasemaqongqabeni aphakeme. Kepha lapho kuhlala khona lezi nyoni, nomaphi lapho ziziphatha khona ngokucashile. Kaningi uzwa izwi le-tinamu, elifana nekhala elizwakalayo, kunokuba ubone inyoni uqobo.
Ngenxa yombala ovikelayo, i-tinama eyenziwe yagqashuka ayibonakali ngokuphelele ethafeni.
Zihamba ngokucophelela futhi buthule, zindiza kancane futhi ngokunqikanqika, ngokuvamile indiza ye-tinamu imfushane - ngemuva kokundiza amamitha angama-400-500, inyoni ivele ngokushesha. Uma kwenzeka kuba nengozi, i-tinamu ithembele kakhulu ekufihlenileni kunasemandleni amaphiko. Izinhlobo ezihlala emahlathini ziqandeka ikholamu, zizifihla njengefindo lesihlahla, endaweni evulekile, i-tinamu ilele phansi noma izame ukucasha emgodini wesilwane. Uma usondela eduze kwe-tinam ecashile, inyoni ivele iqubule ngokukhamuluka okukhulu, lokhu kuyadumaza isitha imizuzwana eminingana futhi ivumele i-tinam ukucasha emathangeni.
UChinamu angasebenza imini nobusuku. Lezi zinyoni zihlala zizodwa futhi ziduma kuphela i-tinamu ngesikhathi sokuzalela zakha imihlambi yabantu abangafika kwabangu-100. AmaChinamu ahlala phansi, ahlala izigaba ezingapheli lapho zihamba khona ngezinyathelo. Balala ubusuku emhlabathini futhi abamele kuphela uhlobo lweTinamus bagibela izihlahla ukuhlala ubusuku bodwa.
I-Chilean Chinamu (Nothoprocta perdicaria).
UChinamu - izinyoni ezihlasimulisayo. Uhlobo ngalunye lungadla izinhlobo eziningi zokuphakelwa, kuyilapho izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zinokuthandwa kwazo kokudla. Amanye ama-tinamu anaka kakhulu ukudla kwezilwane futhi ngokuyinhloko afune izinambuzane, ama-mollusks kanye nezibungu, kanti amanye, okuphambene nalokho, ngokuyinhloko adla ukudla kwezitshalo - izithelo ezincane, imbewu, amahlumela nezikhwanyana zezitshalo.
Izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlala emahlathini asezindaweni ezishisayo zingazalela unyaka wonke; ukuzalaniswa kwezinhlobo zezilwane ezinamadada asezingeni elithile kusikhathi esifanele ukuze kuhambisane nesikhathi semvula. Kunezinto eziningi ezithokozisayo ngokuzalaniswa kwe-chinamu. Zonke izinhlobo ze-chinamu ziyizinyoni ezinesithembu, ngakho-ke owesilisa angashada nabesifazane abaningana futhi okuphambene nalokho. Okuwukuphela kokukodwa yilabo abamele uhlobo lweNothoprocta, abangabodwa futhi bahlala ngababili. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ama-tinamu ahlukahlukene ahlanganiswe futhi akhangwa abantu bobulili obuhlukile ... abesifazane. Lokhu kuziphatha akuyona ingozi, ngoba owesilisa unakekela konke ukubeka namachwane. Ngemuva kokubeka amaqanda, insikazi ayibambiqhaza ekuzaleni. Ukusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwezindima kuyabonakala kwezinye izinhlobo ze-tinamu, yize abesilisa besamanje kuzo. Imikhuba enjalo iletha i-tinama ezinsini.
Owesilisa uCrested Chinamu uqandusela amaqanda.
Abesilisa bakwaChinamu bagqamile kwezinye izinyoni ngoba banesitho sangasese sangasese esithe xaxa lapho besuka. Ku-clutch ye-chinam, kukhona amaqanda angama-1-3 kuye kwangama-12 angajwayelekile ngokuphelele. Okokuqala, amaqanda eChinamu anogobolondo obushelelezi kakhulu, oqinile futhi ocwebezelayo ofana nobumba. Okwesibili, anombala oqinile ogcwele kakhulu. Ngezinhlobo ezihlukile ze-chinam, amaqanda angaba ophuzi, aluhlaza okotshani, ompunga, omnyama, ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, onsomi nokubomvu. Umbala ogqamile kakhulu nokukhanga okumangazayo kunikeza ukugqunwa kwale nyoni ukubukeka okungekhona okungokwemvelo kwamaqanda "e-Easter".
Amaqanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka we-Tinamus (i-Tinamus enkulu) abukeka njengamakhompiyutha ngokumelene nesizinda sedoti sehlathi.
Insikazi ingazalela amaqanda ezidlekeni zamaduna amaningana, yona iduna ingakwazi ukufaka amaqanda kwabesifazane abehlukahlukene. Ukufakwa ngaphakathi kuthatha izinsuku eziyi-19 ukuya kwezingu-20, ngalesi sikhathi owesilisa uqikelela kakhulu futhi awandize aqhamuke esidlekeni noma ngabe uthinta inyoni ngesandla sakho. Amachwane amancanyana akhule kahle, asuka ngokushesha esidlekeni bese elandela umzali. Iduna liyabasiza ukuba bafune ukudla ngokugoba phansi lapho amachwane akhipha khona izinambuzane nezibungu. Zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu futhi kuthi lapho kuphela inyanga yokuqala yokuphila zizimele. Ngemva kwalokho. njengoba amaphuphu ahlukane noyise, angaqala umjikelezo omusha wokuzalela. UTunamu ufinyelela ebuntwaneni ngonyaka wokuphila.
Yabanjwa inkukhu yenkukhu.
Emvelweni, ama-chinamu anezitha zemvelo ezanele. Izinyoni ezahlukahlukene zezinyamazane, ama-jaguar, ama-cougars namanye amakati amancane asendle aseNingizimu Melika angazizingela. Kwesinye isikhathi lezi zinyoni ziba yizisulu zamabhunu. Abantu bazingela ne-tinama. Inyama yalezi zinyoni ithambile futhi imnandi, ngakho-ke ziphakathi kwezinto ezizithandayo zokuzingela eMelika. Kulokhu, kwenziwa imizamo yokuqinisa i-tinama eNyakatho Melika naseYurophu, kepha abakwazanga ukuzivumelanisa nesimo sezulu esibandayo. Ekudingisweni, i-tinamu ikhula kahle futhi izalwe kalula, kepha imizamo yokuthola lezi zinyoni nokuzala okukhulu ngezimboni iphinde yehluleka.
UFlock wasePentland pentland (Tinamotis pentlandii) ethafeni eliphakeme e-Argentina.
Funda ngezilwane okukhulunywe ngazo kulendatshana: izintshe, amakhokho.
Kafushane ngomlando nangejwayelekile
Umlando wabo waqala ngo-1970 ngokunqamula kwenkukhu yaseMelika yasendaweni ene-Araucana. La mazinga amukelwa yi-American Poultry Association ekuqaleni konyaka we-1984.
Esithombeni ngakwesobunxele - iqhude, ngakwesokudla - inkukhu yenkukhu Ameraukan.
Enye yezinto ezisemqoka ekuchazeni uhlobo lokuzalelwa kwe-Ameraukana ubukhona bezimvubu kanye nentshebe, ezikhula zibe ngamaqembu ahlukane kuzo zombili izinkukhu namaqhude, kanye nogaba obunjwe ngotshani. Ama-metatarsus angenazo izimpaphe, izinzwane ezine emilenzeni.
Manje encazelweni yeleveli kukhona imibala engu-8: emnyama, emhlophe, eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, isiliva, obomvu-onsundu, ukolweni, ukolweni-oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ophuzi obumnyama. Kodwa-ke, kukhona eminye imibala, kanye ne-bentamki (izinkukhu ezinkudlwana). Ngombala ngamunye, kunezidingo zombala we-metatarsus neminwe.
Umbala omhlophe nohlaza okwesibhakabhaka kufanele uhambisane nombala we-grey-shale we-metatarsus, futhi izinyawo nohlangothi olungezansi lweminwe kufanele lube mhlophe. Amaphampu amhlophe weminwe nezinyawo abhekene nemibala yonke.
Ubukhulu be-Ameraukana bujwayelekile, abesilisa bafinyelela ku-3 kg, hens - 2,5. Ukuvuthwa kwenzeka ezinyangeni ezi-5-6, umkhiqizo omkhulu ubonwa kungakapheli iminyaka emi-2. Izendlalelo nezinqamulezo zentaba zingathwala okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, okuluhlaza okotshani, futhi kusuka ku-pink kuye onsundu. Kukhona izincazelo zamaqanda abomvu aqhakazile.
Ikhadi lebhizinisi leNkukhu yePhasika - amaqanda okunethezeka anemibala eminingi.
Amaqanda amnandi kakhulu futhi ahlobisa, isisindo esiyi-60-65 g, ukukhiqizwa kwamaqanda - amaqanda angama-200-250 ngonyaka.
I-Ameraukana - izinkukhu eziqinile nezilukhuni zivumelaniswe ngokulinganayo nezimo sezulu ezishisayo nezibandayo. Amapayipi aminyene kanye nesimo se-crest kuvumela ukubhekana nalokhu, okuthi, ngokungafani neqabunga-njengeqabunga, akubandi ekushiseni komoya.
Okukhethwa kukho okuhle ukuthi uhlukane nezinye izinkukhu, njengoba amaqhude kaningi enolaka ngokuya kwezinye izinhlobo ngisho nakubantu. Ezinyoni, udinga i-aviary ebanzi (zithanda ukuhamba) kanye ne-coop yenkukhu efudumele yokugcina ubusika. Ehlobo, ukuhamba nge-foround kuyinto efiselekayo.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ubhavu lothuli, oluthathwa yinkukhu ngenkulu intokozo. Abalimi bezinkukhu ngale njongo balingana namabhokisi enkuni anhlobo lwamaphiko wezinyoni. Amabhokisi kufanele agcwaliswe ngesihlabathi noma ngomhlabathi owomiswe uthuli ngesigamu ngomlotha wokhuni. Ukugeza okunjalo kuyikhambi elihle kakhulu kumuntu odla umkhuhlane.
Ukondla i-Ameraukan kufanele kugxile ekukhiqizeni amaqanda: ukubeka izinkukhu zisebenzisa amandla amaningi kanye namaminerali lapho kwenziwa ukwakhiwa kweqanda. Inhlanganisela engcono kakhulu yokuphakelwa kwekhwalithi ephezulu kanye nemfuyo enobukhulu obuningi bokuhlaza.
Ukuphakelwa okulinganiselwe kwe-Ameraukan kufanele kuqukethe kusuka kuma-16 kuye kwangama-20% amaprotheni ezilwane. Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwamaprotheni lufanele: imfucuza yezinhlanzi, ufulawa (inhlanzi, igazi nenyama nethambo), imikhiqizo yobisi.
Lesi sithombe sithunyelwe ngu-Alexei waseCheboksary.
Izinganekwane Zamaqanda
Amaqanda e-Ameraukan ayisici sawo esikhulu, kepha iqiniso elizungezile ligcwele ngamahemuhemu, amaningi awo awela olwandle futhi azinza ezindaweni zaseRussia.
- Amaqanda ane-cholesterol ephansi kakhulu (noma ngisho ne-zero).Kuliqiniso, lokhu akulona iqiniso, njengoba kunjalo nesitatimende sokuthi zinempilo kakhudlwana uma kuqhathaniswa namaqanda ezinye izinyoni. Izinga lamaqanda alolu hlobo lokuzalela lincike, ngokusho kochwepheshe, kusuka kuphela ekondleni izinkukhu. Kulokhu, azikho izici ezihlukanisayo zenani lokudla nokwakheka okungalungisiwe.
- Ingqimba eyodwa neyodwa ingathwala amaqanda amaqanda anombala ohlukile.Ukuthi isitatimende esinjalo siyinganekwane kungaqondakala kalula ekusebenzeni, noma kunjalo, kungavezwa futhi ngesisekelo sokuphikisana kwesayensi. Abalimi bathi imibala emhlophe nemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela eyisisekelo sombala wegobolondo e-Ameraucana, ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka yiwona ovelele (futhi ngokwezinga le-APA, ngokuvamile, luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela olwamukelekile).
Imibala ehlanganisiwe - eye-olive ne-pink-brown iziphambano ze-Ameraukana nezinye izinhlobo. I-Olive ingumphumela wesiphambano phakathi kwenyoni ebeka amaqanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nenyoni ibeka amaqanda ansundu. Kusuka kupinki kuye ku-brown, ingxube yamagobolondo amhlophe namnyama.
Ukuzithobelana kokuzalela
Ama-Amerauk ayizinyoni ezinempilo enhle kakhulu nokuvumelana nezimo ezimeni zezulu ezahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, amaphuphu akhulayo, njengomthetho, awadali izinkinga ezinkulu kubalimi bezinkukhu. Lokhu kubalulekile, njengoba iningi lezikhukhukazi ezibeki zingabi yizikhukhukazi.
Ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe kukhwalithi yokudla okuqala kwamachwane, ukwaneleka kukavithamini B kanye nemibandela yezinsuku zokuqala. Ukushushumbisa amaphuphu ngokweqile kungaholela ekubonakaleni kwezitofu ezikhululekile, ngakho-ke, esifubeni, kubalulekile ukugcina izinga lokushisa elamukelekayo izinkukhu lisuka ku-35 ° C ngeviki lokuqala nangokuncipha kancane kancane - okunye.
Qinisekisa ukuthi izinkukhu zine-brooder ebanzi, njengoba amachwane alolu hlobo lokukhula akhula ngokushesha futhi athole isisindo.
Izinkukhu zansuku zonke Ameraukana.
Imfucumfucu eyomile namanzi ahleliwe endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni, kanye nokudla, okungezwa njengoba kudingekile, yilokho okudingeka amachwane ukukhula okuhle. Ngakho-ke, ukukhula i-Ameraucan akuhlukile kunamachwane akhulayo ezinye izinhlobo.
Eminye imibuzo eminingi iphakanyiswa ngomsebenzi wokuzalela. Njengoba le nyoni ilethwe eRussia ikude, inani lezinto zofuzo lincane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunokudideka phakathi kwe-Araucana ne-Ameraucana enomsila, lapho umuntu elala eyofana.
Ngakho-ke, ukuthenga izinkukhu ezise-Ameraukan ezisezingeni eliphakeme kuyimpumelelo enhle nokutholakala.
Umehluko phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili awugcini kuKhokhl. Ama-Araucnas anomsila eYurophu nawo awaziwa ndawo zonke. Ngakho-ke, ngokwesibonelo, izinyoni ezinemisila azithathwa njengezimpawu zaseJalimane, yize kutholakala kuma-Araucans angenantambo izintambo ezinjalo.
Ngofuzo, izinyoni zihlukaniswa ngokungabikho kohlobo olubulalayo u-Araucan analo. Abafuyi e-USA bashiya ngamabomu lolu hlobo “ngokunikela” amabhulashi e-feather, kodwa beshiya amaqanda aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Umbala ohlaza okotshani.
Baphinde bashiya abantu abathile ngomsila nomsila, okwabavumela ukuba balondoloze ukuzala kwamaqanda ezingeni elamukelekayo. Okunye okuvezwa yi-Ameraukana ukuthi izinyoni zalokhu kuzalaniswa zinzima kunokhokho bazo baseYurophu.
Ngaphandle kobunzima bokukhethwa, uma uthatha isinqumo sokwethula lobu buhle phesheya egcekeni lakho lezinyoni, ngeke udumazeke. Izinkomba ezinhle zokukhiqiza, ukubukeka kokuhlobisa kwamaqanda, imibala ehlukahlukene, amandla okusebenzisana neziqeshana ezifuywayo azokujabulisa noma yimuphi umlimi wenkukhu!
